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Messina MJ, Messina V, Nagata C. Perspective: Observational Studies Involving Low-Soy Intake Populations Have Limited Ability for Providing Insight into the Health Effects of Soybean Isoflavones. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100210. [PMID: 38484974 PMCID: PMC10992291 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones are naturally occurring plant compounds found in uniquely high amounts in soybeans and foods made from this legume. These soybean constituents have been proposed to exert several health benefits and as such they have been the subject of an enormous amount of research. This research includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and epidemiologic investigations. Although statistically significant associations between isoflavone intake and a wide range of health outcomes have been identified in cohorts involving low-isoflavone intake populations, we suggest that these associations are unlikely to have a causal basis because exposure is too low for isoflavones to exert physiologic effects. In cohorts involving predominantly non-Asian, non-vegetarian populations, the highest isoflavone intake category is typically ≤3 mg/d, an amount of isoflavones provided by ∼30 mL (2 tablespoons) of soymilk made from whole soybeans. In comparison, mean isoflavone intake in the upper intake categories in observational studies involving high-isoflavone intake populations is typically ≥50 mg/d. In RCTs, intervention doses of isoflavones typically range between 40 and 100 mg/d. Health professionals advising patients and clients about soy food and isoflavone intake need to be aware of the limitations of epidemiologic research involving low-isoflavone intake populations. Intake recommendations are best based on the results of RCTs using clinically relevant doses of isoflavones and epidemiologic studies involving populations for whom soy foods are a habitual part of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Jefferson City, MO, United States.
| | | | - Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Wu CM, Yang CY. Impacts of Ultrasonic Treatment for Black Soybean Okara Culture Medium Containing Choline Chloride on the β-Glucosidase Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357. Foods 2023; 12:3781. [PMID: 37893674 PMCID: PMC10606564 DOI: 10.3390/foods12203781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of ultrasonic treatment for the culture medium of solid black soybean okara with choline chloride (ChCl) on the survival and β-glucosidase activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 (Lp-BCRC10357) were investigated. A mixture of 3% dried black soybean okara in de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (w/v) was used as the Oka medium. With ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz/300 W) of the Oka medium at 60 °C for 3 h before inoculation, the β-glucosidase activity of Lp-BCRC10357 at 12 h and 24 h of incubation amounted to 13.35 and 15.50 U/mL, respectively, which was significantly larger than that (12.58 U/mL at 12 h and 2.86 U/mL at 24 h) without ultrasonic treatment of the medium. This indicated that ultrasonic treatment could cause the microstructure of the solid black soybean okara to be broken, facilitating the transport of ingredients and Lp-BCRC10357 into the internal structure of the okara for utilization. For the effect of ChCl (1, 3, or 5%) added to the Oka medium (w/v) with ultrasonic treatment before inoculation, using 1% ChCl in the Oka medium could stimulate the best response of Lp-BCRC10357 with the highest β-glucosidase activity of 19.47 U/mL in 12 h of incubation, showing that Lp-BCRC10357 had a positive response when confronting the extra ChCl that acted as an osmoprotectant and nano-crowder in the extracellular environment. Furthermore, the Oka medium containing 1% ChCl with ultrasonic treatment led to higher β-glucosidase activity of Lp-BCRC10357 than that without ultrasonic treatment, demonstrating that the ultrasonic treatment could enhance the contact of ChCl and Lp-BCRC10357 to regulate the physiological behavior for the release of enzymes. In addition, the analysis of the isoflavone content and antioxidant activity of the fermented product revealed that the addition of 1% ChCl in the Oka medium with ultrasonic treatment before inoculation allowed a higher enhancement ratio for the biotransformation of isoflavone glycosides to their aglycones, with a slight enhancement in the antioxidant activity at 24 h of fermentation. This study developed a methodology by combining ultrasonic treatment with a limited amount of ChCl to allow the culture medium to acclimate Lp-BCRC10357 and release high levels of β-glucosidase, and this approach has the potential to be used in the fermentation of okara-related products as nutritional supplements in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Yao Yang
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan;
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3
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Soy Extract, Rich in Hydroxylated Isoflavones, Exhibits Antidiabetic Properties In Vitro and in Drosophila melanogaster In Vivo. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061392. [PMID: 36986122 PMCID: PMC10054920 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), control of postprandial hyperglycemia is crucial for its prevention. Blood glucose levels are determined by various factors including carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, the incretin system and glucose transporters. Furthermore, inflammatory markers are recognized predictors of diabetes outcome. Although there is some evidence that isoflavones may exhibit anti-diabetic properties, little is known about to what extent their corresponding hydroxylated metabolites may affect glucose metabolism. We evaluated the ability of a soy extract before (pre-) and after (post-) fermentation to counteract hyperglycemia in vitro and in Drosophila melanogaster in vivo. Fermentation with Aspergillus sp. JCM22299 led to an enrichment of hydroxy-isoflavones (HI), including 8-hydroxygenistein, 8-hydroxyglycitein and 8-hydroxydaidzein, accompanied by an enhanced free radical scavenging activity. This HI-rich extract demonstrated inhibitory activity towards α-glucosidase and a reduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme activity. Both the pre- and post-fermented extracts significantly inhibited the glucose transport via sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1. Furthermore, the soy extracts reduced c-reactive protein mRNA and secreted protein levels in interleukin-stimulated Hep B3 cells. Finally, supplementation of a high-starch D. melanogaster diet with post-fermented HI-rich extract decreased the triacylglyceride content of female fruit flies, confirming its anti-diabetic properties in an in vivo model.
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Paramanik V, Kurrey K, Singh P, Tiwari S. Roles of genistein in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders. Biogerontology 2023; 24:329-346. [PMID: 36828983 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Genistein (GEN) is a non-steroidal phytoestrogen that belongs to the isoflavone class. It is abundantly found in soy. Soy and its products are used as food components in many countries including India. The present review is focused to address roles of GEN in brain functions in the context of learning and memory as a function of aging and neurological disorders. Memory decline is one of the most disabling features observed during normal aging and age-associated neurodegenerative disorders namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), etc. Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in the brain with advancement of age and pathological conditions lead to decline of cognitive functions. GEN is chemically comparable to estradiol and binds to estrogen receptors (ERs). GEN acts through ERs and mimics estrogen action. After binding to ERs, GEN regulates a plethora of brain functions including learning and memory; however detailed study still remains elusive. Due to the neuroprotective, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, GEN is used to restore or improve memory functions in different animal models and humans. The present review may be helpful to understand roles of GEN in learning and memory during aging and neurological disorders, its direction of research and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paramanik
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India.
| | - Khuleshwari Kurrey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Neurobiology Division, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Padmanabh Singh
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India
| | - Sneha Tiwari
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology & Drug Targeting Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, 484 887, MP, India
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Weng BBC, Yuan HD, Chen LG, Chu C, Hsieh CW. Soy yoghurts produced with efficient GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ameliorate hyperglycaemia and re-establish gut microbiota in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:1699-1709. [PMID: 36722409 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soy yogurt has been gaining popularity as a vegan food produced simply by soymilk fermentation with proper microbial manipulation. It is well known that soy containing rich isoflavones is beneficial for ameliorating hyperglycaemic disorders. Soy fermentation can improve the bioavailability of these precious nutrients. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is one of the most abundant and frequently isolated species in soymilk manufacturing. Soy yogurts produced with efficient GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-producing L. plantarum and the deglycosylating activity of L. plantarum were functionally assessed in a STZ-induced hyperglycaemic mouse model. Hyperglycaemic mice were assigned into groups and treated with daily gavage of either dH2O, soymilk, soy yoghurts produced with high GABA-producing L. plantarum GA30 (LPGA30), low GABA-producing L. plantarum PV30 (LPPV30) or the soy yoghurts fortified with additional 30 mg g-1 GABA counterparts (GA + GABA and PV + GABA groups). Except the dH2O group, all soy yoghurt groups retained body weight with improved glucose homeostasis, glucose tolerance test results and renal tissue integrity, while the soymilk group shows partial benefits. Plasma GABA concentrations in the daily soy yoghurt-supplemented groups (LPGA30 and LPPV30) plateaued at 5 times higher than the average 0.5 μM in dH2O and soymilk groups, and their GABA-fortified soy yoghurt counterparts (GA + GABA and PV + GABA) groups were accountable for the restored plasma insulin levels. Gut microbiome analysis revealed dysbiosis in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice of the dH2O group with breached out facultative anaerobic Proteobacteria over the normal phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Restored gut microbiota with transitionally populated Actinobacteria was demonstrated in the LPGA30 group but not in the LPPV30 group. Soy yoghurts produced with efficient GABA-producing L. plantarum GA30 showed exceptional benefits in modulating gut microbiota with dominant genera of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and the presence of some minor beneficial microbial communities including Akkermansia muciniphila, Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum, Corynebacterium spp. and Adlercreutzia spp. Efficient GABA-producing L. plantarum GA30 fermented soymilk to produce soy yoghurts that exhibit profound synergistic protections over rich soy isoflavones to restore pancreatic β-cell functions for insulin production in STZ-induced hyperglycaemic mice. Additionally, the probiotic role of GABA-producing L. plantarum in re-establishing healthy gut microbiota in hyperglycaemic mice implies a possible symbiotic relationship, awaiting further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bor-Chun Weng
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Hung-De Yuan
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Lih-Geeng Chen
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Chishih Chu
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
| | - Chia-Wen Hsieh
- Dept. Microb. Immunol. Biopharm., No. 300, University Rd., Chiayi City, Taiwan, 600355, Republic of China.
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Impact of nutrient from aqueous extract of burdock roots and ultrasonic stress on the growth and β-glucosidase activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum FEL112. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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7
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Li R, Robinson M, Ding X, Geetha T, Al-Nakkash L, Broderick TL, Babu JR. Genistein: A focus on several neurodegenerative diseases. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14155. [PMID: 35460092 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are caused by the progressive loss of function or structure of nerve cells in the central nervous system. The most common neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, motor neuron disease, and Parkinson's disease. Although the physical or mental symptoms of neurodegenerative disease may be relieved by various treatment combinations, there are currently no strategies to directly slow or prevent neurodegeneration. Given the demographic evidence of a rapidly growing aging population and the associated prevalence of these common neurodegenerative diseases, it is paramount to develop safe and effective ways to protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Most neurodegenerative diseases share some common etiologies such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Genistein is an isoflavone found in soy products that have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and estrogenic properties. Increasing evidence indicates the protective potential of genistein in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the role that genistein plays in delaying the development of neurodegenerative disease. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone found mainly in soybean, but also green peas, legumes, and peanuts. Genistein is found to pass through the blood-brain barrier and possess a neuroprotective effect. In this review, we discuss studies in support of these actions and the underlying biological mechanisms. Together, these data indicate that genistein may hold neuroprotective effects in either delaying the onset or relieving the symptoms of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzi Li
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Megan Robinson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiaowen Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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8
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Tseng HC, Yang CY. Assessment of Ultrasonic Stress on Survival and β-Glucosidase Activity of Encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 in Fermentation of Black Soymilk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091234. [PMID: 35563956 PMCID: PMC9103103 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The enhanced β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 within calcium alginate capsules was investigated by ultrasonic stimulation to induce the stress response of the bacteria for the biotransformation of isoflavones in black soymilk. The effects of various ultrasound durations, sodium alginate concentrations (% ALG), and cell suspensions on the β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated bacteria were explored. The β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 with ultrasonic stimulation (40 kHz/300 W) was greater than that without ultrasound. With 20 min of ultrasonic treatment, the β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 from 2% ALG/0.85% NaCl cell suspension was 11.47 U/mL at 12 h, then increased to 27.43 U/mL at 36 h and to 26.25 U/mL at 48 h in black soymilk at 37 °C, showing the high adaptation of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 encountering ultrasonic stress to release high β-glucosidase until 48 h, at which point the ratio of isoflavone aglycones (daidzein and genistein) in total isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) was 98.65%, reflecting the effective biotransformation of isoflavone glycosides into aglycones by β-glucosidase. In this study, the survivability and β-glucosidase activity of encapsulated L. plantarum BCRC 10357 were enhanced under ultrasonic stimulation, and were favorably used in the fermentation of black soymilk.
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Lee HB, Lee AY, Jang Y, Kwon YH. Soy isoflavone ameliorated the alterations in circulating adipokines and microRNAs of mice fed a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:12268-12277. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In mice fed a high-fat diet, soy isoflavone consumption regulated the circulating miRNA profiles, which were significantly associated with adiposity and serum levels of adipokines, including leptin and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Bin Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yumi Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Wiśniewski O, Rajczewski A, Szumigała A, Gibas-Dorna M. Diet-Induced Adipocyte Browning. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/143164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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Tsui CY, Yang CY. Evaluation of Semi-Solid-State Fermentation of Elaeocarpus serratus L. Leaves and Black Soymilk by Lactobacillus plantarum on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040704. [PMID: 33810370 PMCID: PMC8065616 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaeocarpus serratus L. leaves (EL) containing phenolic compounds and flavonoids, including myricitrin with pharmacological properties, could be valorized as nutritional additive in foods. In this study, the semi-solid-state fermentation of EL and black soymilk (BS) by Lactobacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 was investigated. Without adding EL in MRS medium, the β-glucosidase activity of L. plantarum quickly reduced to 2.33 ± 0.15 U/mL in 36 h of fermentation; by using 3% EL, the stability period of β-glucosidase activity was prolonged as 12.94 ± 0.69 U/mL in 12 h to 13.71 ± 0.94 in 36 h, showing positive response of the bacteria encountering EL. Using L. plantarum to ferment BS with 3% EL, the β-glucosidase activity increased to 23.78 ± 1.34 U/mL in 24 h, and in the fermented product extract (FPE), the content of myricitrin (2297.06 μg/g-FPE) and isoflavone aglycones (daidzein and genistein, 474.47 μg/g-FPE) at 48 h of fermentation were 1.61-fold and 1.95-fold of that before fermentation (at 0 h), respectively. Total flavonoid content, myricitrin, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in FPE using BS and EL were higher than that using EL alone. This study developed the potential fermented product of black soymilk using EL as a nutritional supplement with probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Tsui
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Yang
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No. 510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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13
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Song H, Hughes JR, Turner RT, Iwaniec UT, Doerge DR, Helferich WG. (±)-Equol does not interact with genistein on estrogen-dependent breast tumor growth. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 136:110979. [PMID: 31786350 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Equol (EQ) is a prominent microbial metabolite of the soy isoflavone, daidzein, with estrogen-like properties. The major soy isoflavone, genistein (GEN), stimulated growth of estrogen-dependent breast cancer (EDBC) cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo but EQ did not. To understand possible interactions of EQ and GEN on EDBC, EQ was used with GEN in combination in vitro and in vivo. Effects of EQ, GEN and EQ + GEN were evaluated using MCF-7 and T47D EDBC. Ovariectomized athymic mice were used as a model for in vivo tumor growth. Dietary EQ had no effect on MCF-7 tumor growth and the absence of effect was confirmed using a T47D EDBC in vivo model. EQ alone or in combination with GEN increased EDBC cell proliferation in vitro. EQ alone neither stimulated EDBC tumor growth in vivo at various doses nor suppressed tumor growth induced by dietary GEN. In summary, EQ has similar estrogenic effect as GEN in vitro but does not interact with GEN on EDBC tumor growth. Based on the evidence presented here, dietary EQ is unlikely to have estrogenic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Song
- School of Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
| | - Jennifer R Hughes
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Science, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, School of Biological and Population Health Science, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 61801, USA.
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14
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Donovan MG, Selmin OI, Doetschman TC, Romagnolo DF. Epigenetic Activation of BRCA1 by Genistein In Vivo and Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Linked to Antagonism toward Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112559. [PMID: 31652854 PMCID: PMC6893467 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are the most aggressive and lethal breast cancers (BC). The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is often overexpressed in TNBC, and its activation results in the epigenetic silencing of BRCA1, which is a necessary factor for the transcriptional activation of estrogen receptor (ER)α. The dietary isoflavone genistein (GEN) modulates BRCA1 CpG methylation in BC cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of GEN on BRCA1 epigenetic regulation and AHR activity in vivo and TNBC cells. Mice were administered a control or GEN-enriched (4 and 10 ppm) diet from gestation through post-natal day 50. Mammary tissue was analyzed for changes in BRCA1 regulation and AhR activity. TNBC cells with constitutively hypermethylated BRCA1 (HCC38) and MCF7 cells were used. Protein levels and mRNA expression were measured by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. BRCA1 promoter occupancy and CpG methylation were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. GEN administered in the diet dose-dependently decreased basal Brca1 methylation and AHR activity in the mammary gland of adult mice. HCC38 cells were found to overexpress constitutively active AHR in parallel with BRCA1 hypermethylation. The treatment of HCC38 cells with GEN upregulated BRCA1 protein levels, which was attributable to decreased CpG methylation and AHR binding at BRCA1 exon 1a. In MCF7 cells, GEN prevented the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-dependent localization of AHR at the BRCA1 gene. These effects were consistent with those elicited by control AHR antagonists galangin (GAL), CH-223191, and α-naphthoflavone. The pre-treatment with GEN sensitized HCC38 cells to the antiproliferative effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen. We conclude that the dietary compound GEN may be effective for the prevention and reversal of AHR-dependent BRCA1 hypermethylation, and the restoration of ERα-mediated response, thus imparting the sensitivity of TNBC to antiestrogen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah G Donovan
- Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Ornella I Selmin
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Thomas C Doetschman
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Donato F Romagnolo
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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15
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Šošić-Jurjević B, Lütjohann D, Renko K, Filipović B, Radulović N, Ajdžanović V, Trifunović S, Nestorović N, Živanović J, Manojlović Stojanoski M, Kӧhrle J, Milošević V. The isoflavones genistein and daidzein increase hepatic concentration of thyroid hormones and affect cholesterol metabolism in middle-aged male rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 190:1-10. [PMID: 30885834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined whether isoflavones interfere with thyroid homeostasis, increase hepatic thyroid hormone concentrations and affect cholesterol metabolism in middle-aged (MA) male rats. Thirteen-month-old Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with 35 mg/kg b.w./day of genistein, daidzein or vehicle (controls) for four weeks. Hepatic Dio1 gene expression was up-regulated by 70% (p < 0.001 for both) and Dio1 enzyme activity increased by 64% after genistein (p < 0.001) and 73% after daidzein treatment (p < 0.0001). Hepatic T3 was 75% higher (p < 0.05 for both), while T4 increased only after genistein treatment. Serum T4 concentrations were 31% lower in genistein- and 49% lower in dadzein-treated rats (p < 0.001 for both) compared with controls. Hepatic Cyp7a1 gene expression was up-regulated by 40% after genistein and 32% after daidzein treatment (p < 0.05 for both), in agreement with a 7α-hydroxycholesterol increase of 50% (p < 0.01) and 88% (p < 0.001), respectively. Serum 24- and 27-hydroxycholesterol were 30% lower (p < 0.05 for both), while only 24-hydroxycholesterol was decreased in the liver by 45% after genistein (p < 0.05) and 39% (p < 0.01) after dadzein treatment. Serum concentration of the cholesterol precursor desmosterol was 32% (p < 0.05) lower only after dadzein treatment alone, while both isoflavones elevated this parameter in the liver by 45% (p < 0.01). In conclusion, isoflavones increased T3 availability in the liver of MA males, despite decreasing serum T4. Hepatic increase of T3 possibly contributes to activation of the neutral pathway of cholesterol degradation into bile acids in the liver. While isoflavones obviously have the potential to trigger multiple mechanisms involved in cholesterol metabolism and oxysterol production, they failed to induce any hypocholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - D Lütjohann
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - K Renko
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - N Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - V Ajdžanović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Trifunović
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Nestorović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Manojlović Stojanoski
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - J Kӧhrle
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research, "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd. 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Yu C, Yang C. Effect of ultrasound on the extraction of bioactive aglycone isoflavones for the green valorization of black soybean residue (okara). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐An Yu
- Department of Food Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan (R.O.C)
| | - Chun‐Yao Yang
- Department of Food Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan (R.O.C)
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17
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Wang C, Li J, Zhou S, Zhou J, Lan Q, Qin W, Wu D, Liu J, Yang W, Zhang Q. Application of transglutaminase for quality improvement of whole soybean curd. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:233-244. [PMID: 30728565 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To improve the quality of whole soybean curd (WSC), effects of compound coagulants consisting of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and transglutaminase (TGase) were investigated. The results showed that TGase modified the water distribution and reduced the cooking loss of WSC, accompanying with increased water holding capacity. The bloom value of WSC was upgraded as the TGase concentration increased. Although certain sensory parameters showed different scores in groups, the overall acceptability of 1500 ppm group was the highest. TPA test suggested that hardness, springiness and chewiness were promoted by TGase significantly. Smooth appearance of WSC was observed, resulting from the transformation of microstructure. Protein subunits of 7Sα', 7Sα, 7Sβ, 11SA3, 11S acidic, and 11S basic proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, band intensity of protein subunits declined at storage and cooking phase, indicating that crosslinking of proteins was still in progress. In conclusion, the addition of TGase improved the quality of CaCl2-induced WSC and could be used to facilitate the production of this new type of soybean product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhi Wang
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Jingyi Li
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Siyi Zhou
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Qiuyu Lan
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Wen Qin
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Dingtao Wu
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China.,3College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China.,3College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Qing Zhang
- 1College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014 Sichuan China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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18
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Sri Harsha PSC, Wahab RA, Garcia-Aloy M, Madrid-Gambin F, Estruel-Amades S, Watzl B, Andrés-Lacueva C, Brennan L. Biomarkers of legume intake in human intervention and observational studies: a systematic review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:25. [PMID: 30214640 PMCID: PMC6131749 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in assessing dietary intake more accurately across different population groups, and biomarkers have emerged as a complementary tool to replace traditional dietary assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature available and evaluate the applicability and validity of biomarkers of legume intake reported across various observational and intervention studies. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge identified 44 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results from observational studies focused on soy or soy-based foods and demonstrated positive correlations between soy intake and urinary, plasma or serum isoflavonoid levels in different population groups. Similarly, intervention studies demonstrated increased genistein and daidzein levels in urine and plasma following soy intake. Both genistein and daidzein exhibited dose-response relationships. Other isoflavonoid levels such as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol were also reported to increase following soy consumption. Using a developed scoring system, genistein and daidzein can be considered as promising candidate markers for soy consumption. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein also served as good estimates of soy intake as evidenced from long-term exposure studies marking their status as validated biomarkers. On the contrary, only few studies indicated proposed biomarkers for pulses intake, with pipecolic acid and S-methylcysteine reported as markers reflecting dry bean consumption, unsaturated aliphatic, hydroxyl-dicarboxylic acid related to green beans intake and trigonelline reported as marker of peas consumption. However, data regarding criteria such as specificity, dose-response and time-response relationship, reliability, and feasibility to evaluate the validity of these markers is lacking. In conclusion, despite many studies suggesting proposed biomarkers for soy, there is a lack of information on markers of other different subtypes of legumes. Further discovery and validation studies are needed in order to identify reliable biomarkers of legume intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- 4Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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19
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Tyagi N, Song YH, De R. Recent progress on biocompatible nanocarrier-based genistein delivery systems in cancer therapy. J Drug Target 2018; 27:394-407. [PMID: 30124078 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1514040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Diets with naturally occuring chemopreventive agents are showing good potentials in serving dual purposes: firstly, for maintaining health, and secondly, for emerging as most puissant cost-effective strategy against chronic diseases like cancer. Genistein, one of the active soy isoflavone, is gaining attention due to its ability to impede carcinogenic processes by regulating wide range of associated molecules and signalling mechanisms. Epidemiologic and preclinical evidences suggest that sufficient consumption of soy-based food having genistein can be correlated to the reduction of cancer risk. However, certain adverse effects like poor oral bioavailability, low aqueous solubility and inefficient pharmacokinetics have pushed it down in the list of phytoconstituents currently undergoing successful clinical trials. In order to maximise the utilisation of therapeutic benefits of this phytoestrogen, suitable drug carrier designs are required. Recently, nanocarriers, mainly composed of polymeric materials, are progressively and innovatively exploited with the aim to improve pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of genistein. Here, we have briefly reviewed (a) the targeted molecular mechanisms of geinstein, (b) nanopolymeric approaches opted so far in designing carriers and (c) the reasons behind their restricted clinical applications. Finally, some mechanism-based approaches are proposed presenting genistein as the future paradigm in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Tyagi
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Yo Han Song
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- a Department of Chemistry , Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju , South Korea
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20
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Genistein: Its role in metabolic diseases and cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 119:13-22. [PMID: 29065980 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone present in soy and is known to have multiple molecular effects, such as the inhibition of inflammation, promotion of apoptosis, and modulation of steroidal hormone receptors and metabolic pathways. Since these molecular effects impact carcinogenesis, cancer propagation, obesity, osteoporosis, and metabolic syndromes, genistein plays an important role in preventing and treating common disorders. The role of genistein has not been adequately evaluated in all these clinical settings. This review summarizes some of the known molecular effects of genistein and its potential role in health maintenance and treatment.
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21
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Chen YQ, Su HJ, Ouyang Y, Wang JM, Yang XQ, Hu WF. Preparation and characterisation of glyceollin-enriched soya bean protein using solid-state fermentation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiong Chen
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hua-Jia Su
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ying Ouyang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xiao-Quan Yang
- Research and Development Center of Food Proteins; School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Wen-Feng Hu
- College of Food Science; South China University of Agricultural; Guangzhou 510642 China
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22
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Ganesan P, Arulselvan P, Choi DK. Phytobioactive compound-based nanodelivery systems for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus - current status. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1097-1111. [PMID: 28223801 PMCID: PMC5310641 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major chronic disease that is prevalent worldwide, and it is characterized by an increase in blood glucose, disturbances in the metabolism, and alteration in insulin secretion. Nowadays, food-based therapy has become an important treatment mode for type 2 diabetes, and phytobioactive compounds have gained an increasing amount of attention to this end because they have an effect on multiple biological functions, including the sustained secretion of insulin and regeneration of pancreatic islets cells. However, the poor solubility and lower permeability of these phyto products results in a loss of bioactivity during processing and oral delivery, leading to a significant reduction in the bioavailability of phytobioactive compounds to treat T2DM. Recently, nanotechnological systems have been developed for use as various types of carrier systems to improve the delivery of bioactive compounds and thus obtain a greater bioavailability. Furthermore, carrier systems in most nanodelivery systems are highly biocompatible, with nonimmunologic behavior, a high degree of biodegradability, and greater mucoadhesive strength. Therefore, this review focuses on the various types of nanodelivery systems that can be used for phytobioactive compounds in treating T2DM with greater antidiabetic effects. There is also additional focus on improving the effects of various phytobioactive compounds through nanotechnological delivery to ensure a highly efficient treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanivel Ganesan
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Nanotechnology Research Center and Department of Applied Life Science
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Gleason CE, Fischer BL, Dowling NM, Setchell KDR, Atwood CS, Carlsson CM, Asthana S. Cognitive Effects of Soy Isoflavones in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 47:1009-19. [PMID: 26401779 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous trial, treatment with soy isoflavones was associated with improved nonverbal memory, construction abilities, verbal fluency, and speeded dexterity compared to treatment with placebo in cognitively healthy older adults. OBJECTIVE The current trial aimed to examine the potential cognitive benefits of soy isoflavones in patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Sixty-five men and women over the age of 60 were treated with 100 mg/day soy isoflavones, or matching placebo capsules for six months. APOE genotype was determined for all participants. Cognitive outcomes and plasma isoflavone levels were measured at baseline, and at two additional time points: three and six months after baseline. RESULTS Of the sixty-five participants enrolled, thirty-four (52.3% ) were women, and 31 (47.7% ) were APOEɛ4 positive. Average age was 76.3 (SD = 7.2) years. Fifty-nine (90.8% ) subjects completed all study visits. Plasma isoflavone levels increased in subjects treated with soy isoflavones compared to baseline and to placebo, although intersubject variability in plasma levels was large. No significant differences in treatment effects for cognition emerged between treatment groups or genders. Exploratory analyses of associations between changes in cognition and plasma isoflavone levels revealed an association between equol levels, and speeded dexterity and verbal fluency. CONCLUSIONS Six months of 100 mg/day treatment with soy isoflavones did not benefit cognition in older men and women with Alzheimer's disease. However, our results suggest the need to examine the role of isoflavone metabolism, i.e., the ability to effectively metabolize soy isoflavones by converting daidzen to equol when attempting to fully clarify the cognitive effects of isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E Gleason
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara L Fischer
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N Maritza Dowling
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth D R Setchell
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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24
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Pharmacokinetics of isoflavones from soy infant formula in neonatal and adult rhesus monkeys. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 92:165-76. [PMID: 27084109 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of soy infant formula represents a unique exposure scenario in which developing children ingest a mixture of endocrine-active isoflavones along with a substantial portion of daily nutrition. Genistein and daidzein were administered as glucoside conjugates to neonatal rhesus monkeys in a fortified commercial soy formula at 5, 35, and 70 days after birth. A single gavage dosing with 10 mg/kg bw genistein and 6 mg/kg bw daidzein was chosen to represent the upper range of typical daily consumption and to facilitate complete pharmacokinetic measurements for aglycone and total isoflavones and equol. Adult monkeys were also gavaged with the same formula solution at 2.8 and 1.6 mg/kg bw genistein and daidzein, respectively, and by IV injection with isoflavone aglycones (5.2 and 3.2 mg/kg bw, respectively) to determine absolute bioavailability. Significant differences in internal exposure were observed between neonatal and adult monkeys, with higher values for dose-adjusted AUC and Cmax of the active aglycone isoflavones in neonates. The magnitude and frequency of equol production by the gut microbiome were also significantly greater in adults. These findings are consistent with immaturity of metabolic and/or physiological systems in developing non-human primates that reduces total clearance of soy isoflavones from the body.
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25
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Lu W, Chen XW, Wang JM, Yang XQ, Qi JR. Enzyme-assisted subcritical water extraction and characterization of soy protein from heat-denatured meal. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Andrade JE, Ju YH, Baker C, Doerge DR, Helferich WG. Long-term exposure to dietary sources of genistein induces estrogen-independence in the human breast cancer (MCF-7) xenograft model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:413-23. [PMID: 24668689 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The long-term effect of exposure to relevant dietary levels of genistein (GEN) on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) human breast cancer (MCF-7) progression after GEN withdrawal in athymic mice xenograft model was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Feeding studies were conducted to determine the estrogenic effect of diets on MCF-7 tumor growth: (1) implantation (19 weeks) and withdrawal (6 weeks) of 17β-estradiol (E2 ); (2) dietary GEN 500 and 750 ppm during treatment/withdrawal for 23/10 and 15/9 weeks, respectively; and, (3) dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) containing GEN 180 ppm for 31/9 weeks of treatment/withdrawal. MCF-7 tumors grew fast in the presence of E2 implantation and abruptly regressed completely after E2 withdrawal. At different rates, dietary GEN alone (500 and 750 ppm) and GEN (180 ppm)-containing SPI stimulated MCF-7 tumor growth. After removal of the stimulus diet, tumors induced by 750 ppm GEN, but not 500 ppm GEN or SPI, regressed completely. The protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was higher in the GEN- and SPI-induced nonregressing (GINR) tumors compared to MCF-7 and E2 controls. CONCLUSION Long-term consumption of low GEN doses (≤500 ppm) promotes MCF-7 tumor growth and results in GINR tumors with more aggressive and advanced growth phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan E Andrade
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Serrazanetti DI, Ndagijimana M, Miserocchi C, Perillo L, Guerzoni ME. Fermented tofu: Enhancement of keeping quality and sensorial properties. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tamames-Tabar C, Imbuluzqueta E, Campanero M, Horcajada P, Blanco-Prieto M. A simple and robust high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array detector method for the analysis of genistein in mouse tissues. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 935:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang Z, Kulkarni K, Zhu W, Hu M. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of genistein: mechanistic studies on its ADME. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 12:1264-80. [PMID: 22583407 DOI: 10.2174/187152012803833107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genistein, one of the most active natural flavonoids, exerts various biological effects including chemoprevention, antioxidation, antiproliferation and anticancer. More than 30 clinical trials of genistein with various disease indications have been conducted to evaluate its clinical efficacy. Based on many animals and human pharmacokinetic studies, it is well known that the most challenge issue for developing genistein as a chemoprevention agent is the low oral bioavailability, which may be the major reason relating to its ambiguous therapeutic effects and large interindividual variations in clinical trials. In order to better correlate pharmacokinetic to pharmacodynamics results in animals and clinical studies, an in-depth understanding of pharmacokinetic behavior of genistein and its ADME properties are needed. Numerous in vitro/in vivo ADME studies had been conducted to reveal the main factors contributing to the low oral bioavailability of genistein. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the most recent progress on mechanistic studies of genistein ADME and provides a systemic view of these processes to explain genistein pharmacokinetic behaviors in vivo. The better understanding of genistein ADME property may lead to development of proper strategy to improve genistein oral bioavailability via mechanism-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Pabona JMP, Dave B, Su Y, Montales MTE, de Lumen BO, de Mejia EG, Rahal OM, Simmen RCM. The soybean peptide lunasin promotes apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells via induction of tumor suppressor PTEN: similarities and distinct actions from soy isoflavone genistein. GENES AND NUTRITION 2012; 8:79-90. [PMID: 22864686 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Diet and lifestyle are major contributing factors to increased breast cancer risk. While mechanisms underlying dietary protection of mammary tumor formation are increasingly elucidated, there remains a dearth of knowledge on the nature and precise actions of specific bioactive components present in foods with purported health effects. The 43-amino acid peptide lunasin (LUN) is found in soybeans, is bioavailable similar to the isoflavone genistein (GEN), and thus may mediate the beneficial effects of soy food consumption. Here, we evaluated whether LUN displays common and distinct actions from those of GEN in non-malignant (mouse HC11) and malignant (human MCF-7) mammary epithelial cells. In MCF-7 cells, LUN up-regulated tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome ten (PTEN) promoter activity, increased PTEN transcript and protein levels and enhanced nuclear PTEN localization, similar to that shown for GEN in mammary epithelial cells. LUN-induced cellular apoptosis, akin to GEN, was mediated by PTEN, but unlike that for GEN, was p53-independent. LUN promoted E-cadherin and β-catenin non-nuclear localization similar to GEN, but unlike GEN, did not influence the proliferative effects of oncogene Wnt1 on HC11 cells. Further, LUN did not recapitulate GEN inhibitory effects on expansion of the cancer stem-like/progenitor population in MCF-7 cells. Results suggest the concerted actions of GEN and LUN on cellular apoptosis for potential mammary tumor preventive effects and highlight whole food consumption rather than intake of specific dietary supplements with limited biological effects for greater health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark P Pabona
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Genistein, a soya isoflavone, prevents azoxymethane-induced up-regulation of WNT/β-catenin signalling and reduces colon pre-neoplasia in rats. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:33-42. [PMID: 22716201 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512000876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the role(s) of the soya isoflavone genistein (GEN) in preventing the development of colon pre-neoplasia, using Wingless/int (WNT)/β-catenin as a molecular marker of colon abnormality. Specifically, the effects on the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway from GEN were examined by using an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rat colon cancer model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control (CTL), a soya protein isolate (SPI) or a GEN diet from gestation to 13 weeks of age. The first sampling was conducted at 7 weeks of age for pre-AOM analysis. The remaining rats were injected with AOM at 7 weeks of age. The descending colon was collected 6 weeks later for the evaluation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), gene expression and nuclear protein accumulation. AOM injection induced aberrant nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the CTL group but not in the SPI or GEN group. Moreover, the WNT target genes Cyclin D1 and c-Myc were repressed by SPI and GEN. Meanwhile, SPI and GEN suppressed the expression of WNT signalling genes including Wnt5a, Sfrp1, Sfrp2 and Sfrp5 to the similar level to that of the pre-AOM period. Rats fed SPI and GEN had a decreased number of total aberrant crypts. GEN feeding also resulted in a reduced number of ACF with N = 3 per foci. The reduction of WNT/β-catenin signalling was correlated with the decrease in total aberrant crypts. By testing WNT/β-catenin signalling as a biomarker of colon carcinogenic potential, we showed the novel role of GEN as a suppressor of carcinogen-induced WNT/β-catenin signalling in preventing the development of early colon neoplasia.
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Álvarez AI, Vallejo F, Barrera B, Merino G, Prieto JG, Tomás-Barberán F, Espín JC. Bioavailability of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of genistein and daidzein in breast cancer resistance protein 1 knockout mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:2008-12. [PMID: 21828252 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary polyphenols genistein and daidzein are potent effectors of biological processes. The plasma profile of both isoflavones is governed by the presence of phase II conjugates, mainly glucuronides and sulfates. Breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2/BCRP) interacts with genistein and daidzein, which are among the natural substrates of the transporter and competitively inhibit ABCG2-mediated drug efflux. ABCG2/BCRP can also transport glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. In this study, we analyzed the plasma levels of aglycones and derived conjugated metabolites, glucuronides, and sulfates, after intragastric administration of these isoflavones to wild-type and Bcrp1(-/-) knockout mice. The results show that overall plasmatic profile is mainly governed by sulfate and glucuronide derivatives, the concentration of which was significantly increased (7- to 10-fold) in Bcrp1(-/-) mice. The total AUC h nM (0-180 min), as the sum of aglycones, glucuronides, and sulfates, was 901 ± 207 in wild-type mice versus 4988 ± 508 in Bcrp1(-/-) mice after genistein administration (50 mg/kg b.wt.); 584.3 ± 90 in wild-type mice versus 4012 ± 612 in Bcrp1(-/-) after daidzein administration (50 mg/kg); and 926 ± 140 in wild-type mice versus 5174 ± 696 in Bcrp1(-/-) after genistein+daidzein administration (25 + 25 mg/kg). Therefore, our results indicate a direct and conclusive Bcrp1 efflux action on phase II metabolites of these isoflavones in vivo and suggest a possible novel concept for ABCG2/BCRP as part of metabolism-driven efflux transport of these conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Álvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon 2407, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain.
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Gao F, Bu H, Gu W, Li Y. Daidzein-phospholipid complex loaded lipid nanocarriers improved oral absorption: in vitro characteristics and in vivo behavior in rats. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1780-7. [PMID: 21350765 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00879f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A nano-based delivery system was developed to improve the oral absorption of daidzein, which has poor hydrophilicity and lipophilicity. A daidzein-phospholipid complex (DPC) was firstly prepared to improve its lipophilicity, and then encapsulated into lipid nanocarriers (DLNs) to verify the effectiveness of the strategy in enhancing the oral delivery of daidzein. DLNs were spherical nanosized particles with evidently increased dissolution. DLNs were mainly distributed in stomach and proximal intestine of mice after oral administration, and the intestinal permeability of DLNs in rats was significantly improved when compared with that of daidzein solution. The peak concentration of daidzein in rats after oral administration of DPC and DLNs was 6833 ± 1112 ng mL(-1) and 14,512 ± 2390 ng mL(-1), respectively, which was improved over 10-fold and 21-fold than that of free daidzein. Moreover, the areas under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) of DPC and DLNs were enhanced by 3.62-fold and 6.87-fold compared with that of free daidzein. These results suggested that DLNs could be an effective strategy to improve the oral absorption of poor hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs like daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zhang
- Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Determination of Physicochemical Properties and Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Soybean Extracts. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2010. [DOI: 10.4333/kps.2010.40.6.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Doerge DR. Bioavailability of soy isoflavones through placental/lactational transfer and soy food. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 254:145-7. [PMID: 21034763 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Isoflavones are non-nutritive components of soy responsible for estrogenic responses observed in vitro and in experimental animals. Possible beneficial effects (e.g., reduction of serum lipids, increased bone mineral density, relief of hot flashes and other menopausal symptoms, mammary and prostate cancer chemoprevention) in humans have been attributed to consumption of isoflavones but evidence for potential adverse effects (e.g., stimulation of estrogen-dependent mammary tumors and aberrant perinatal development) has also been reported in experimental animal models. Bioavailability from appropriate food matrices and exposure during different life stages are both critical determinants of isoflavone effects. For these reasons, it is important to compare isoflavone bioavailability in adults to that in fetal and neonatal animals for a more complete understanding of potential susceptibility issues. Studies of the major soy isoflavone genistein were conducted in pregnant and lactating Sprague-Dawley rats to quantify placental and lactational transfer to plasma and brain to understand better biological effects observed in multigenerational studies. In addition, studies were conducted with genistein in adult Balb/c mice to define absolute bioavailability from both gavage and soy protein isolate (SPI)-containing food. The information derived from these studies makes it possible to predict internal exposures of children to genistein from soy infant formula, which is manufactured using SPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
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In vivo inhibition of BCRP/ABCG2 mediated transport of nitrofurantoin by the isoflavones genistein and daidzein: a comparative study in Bcrp1 (-/-) mice. Pharm Res 2010; 27:2098-105. [PMID: 20607366 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine in vivo inhibition by the isoflavones genistein and daidzein of nitrofurantoin (NTF), a well-known substrate of the ABC transporter BCRP/ABCG2. METHODS MDCKII cells and their human BCRP- and murine Bcrp1-transduced subclones were used to establish inhibition in transepithelial transport assays. Bcrp1(-/-) and wild-type mice were coadministered with nitrofurantoin (20 mg/kg) and a mixture of genistein (100 mg/kg) and daidzein (100 mg/kg). RESULTS Transepithelial NFT transport was inhibited by the isoflavones. Plasma concentration of NTF at 30 min was 1.7-fold higher (p ≤ 0.05) in wild-type mice after isoflavone administration. AUC values were not significantly different. BCRP/ABCG2-mediated secretion into milk was inhibited since milk/plasma ratios were lower in wild-type mice with isoflavones (7.1 ± 4.2 vs 4.2 ± 1.6, p ≤ 0.05). NTF bile levels were significantly decreased by isoflavone administration in wild-type animals (8.8 ± 3.4 μg/ml with isoflavones vs 3.7 ± 3.3 μg/ml without isoflavones). CONCLUSION Our data showed that in vivo interaction of high doses of soy isoflavones with BCRP substrates may affect plasma levels but the main effect occurs in specific target organs, in our case, liver and mammary glands.
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