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Zhou Z, Ju X, Chen J, Wang R, Zhong Y, Li L. Charge-oriented strategies of tunable substrate affinity based on cellulase and biomass for improving in situ saccharification: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124159. [PMID: 33010717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass makes it resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis. The electron-rich surface of the lignin and cellulose-alike structure of hemicellulose competitively absorb the cellulase. Thus, modifying the surface charge on biomass components to alter cellulase affinity is an urgent requisite. Developing charge tunable cellulase will alter substrate affinity. Also, charge-based immobilization generates controllable substrate affinity. Within immobilized cellulase involved in situ biomass saccharification, charge effects made a crucial contribution. In addition to affecting the interaction between immobilized cellulase and biomass, charge exerts an impact on cellulase to immobilize the materials, further investigation is essential. This study aims to review the charge effects on the cellulase affinity in biomass saccharification, strategies of charge tunable cellulase, and immobilized cellulase, thereby explaining the role of electrostatic interaction. In terms of electrostatic behavior, the pathways and plans to improve in situ biomass saccharification seem to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xin Ju
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Rong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Yuqing Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Liangzhi Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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Song Y, Chandra RP, Zhang X, Saddler JN. Non-productive celluase binding onto deep eutectic solvent (DES) extracted lignin from willow and corn stover with inhibitory effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116956. [PMID: 33049860 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by mixing choline chloride (ChCl) with lactic acid (LA), and effects of cellulase non-productive binding onto DES-extracted lignin from willow and corn stover on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was investigated. The correlation between hydrolysis yield of cellulose and chemical features of lignin was evaluated, and a potential inhibitory mechanism was proposed. Condensation of lignin was observed during DES treatment, and these condensed aromatic structures had an increased tendency to adsorb enzymes through hydrophobic interactions. As well as hydrophobic interactions mediated by lignin condensation, an increase in phenolic hydroxyl groups resulted in a greater amount of hydrogen bonds between cellulases and lignin that appeared to inhibit enzymatic hydrolysis yields of cellulose (39.96-42.86 % to 31.96-32.68 %). Although large amounts of COOHs were generated, the elevated electrostatic repulsion as a result of ionic groups was insufficient to decrease non-productive adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Richard P Chandra
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jack N Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Jang SK, Jeong H, Kim HY, Choi JH, Kim JH, Koo BW, Choi IG. Evaluation of correlation between glucan conversion and degree of delignification depending on pretreatment strategies using Jabon Merah. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 236:111-118. [PMID: 28391105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the glucan conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis depending on the treatment methods and conditions with changes in the chemical composition of treated solid fraction of Jabon Merah. The glucan conversion rate (17.4%) was not significantly improved after liquid hot water treatment (1st step) even though most of the hemicellulose was dissolved into liquid hydrolysate. Subsequently, dilute acid, organosolv, and peracetic acid treatment (2nd step) was conducted under various conditions to enhance glucan conversion. Among the 2nd step treatment, the glucan conversion rate of organosolv (max. 46.0%) and peracetic acid treatment (max. 65.9%) was increased remarkably through decomposition of acid-insoluble lignin (AIL). Finally, the glucan conversion rate and AIL content were highly correlated, which was revealed by the R-squared value (0.84), but inhibitory factors including cellulose crystallinity must be considered for advanced glucan conversion from highly recalcitrant biomasses, such as Jabon Merah.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseob Jeong
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yong Kim
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Convergent Chemistry Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - June-Ho Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Wook Koo
- Intelligent & Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Research Institute of Sustainable Manufacturing System, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Huang Y, Sun S, Huang C, Yong Q, Elder T, Tu M. Stimulation and inhibition of enzymatic hydrolysis by organosolv lignins as determined by zeta potential and hydrophobicity. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:162. [PMID: 28652863 PMCID: PMC5483266 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin typically inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass, but certain organosolv lignins or lignosulfonates enhance enzymatic hydrolysis. The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between lignin and cellulases play critical roles in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. However, how to incorporate these two interactions into the consideration of lignin effects has not been investigated. RESULTS We examined the physicochemical properties and the structures of ethanol organosolv lignins (EOL) from hardwood and softwood and ascertained the association between lignin properties and their inhibitory and stimulatory effects on enzymatic hydrolysis. The zeta potential and hydrophobicity of EOL lignin samples, isolated from organosolv pretreatment of cottonwood (CW), black willow (BW), aspen (AS), eucalyptus (EH), and loblolly pine (LP), were determined and correlated with their effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel. EOLs from CW, BW, and AS improved the 72 h hydrolysis yield by 8-12%, while EOLs from EH and LP decreased the 72 h hydrolysis yield by 6 and 16%, respectively. The results showed a strong correlation between the 72 h hydrolysis yield with hydrophobicity and zeta potential. The correlation indicated that the hydrophobicity of EOL had a negative effect and the negative zeta potential of EOL had a positive effect. HSQC NMR spectra showed that β-O-4 linkages in lignin react with ethanol to form an α-ethoxylated β-O-4' substructure (A') during organosolv pretreatment. Considerable amounts of C2,6-H2,6 correlation in p-hydroxybenzoate (PB) units were observed for EOL-CW, EOL-BW, and EOL-AS, but not for EOL-EH and EOL-LP. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the effect of lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis is a function of both hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic repulsions. The lignin inhibition is controlled by lignin hydrophobicity and the lignin stimulation is governed by the negative zeta potential. The net effect of lignin depends on the combined influence of hydrophobicity and zeta potential. This study has potential implications in biomass pretreatment for the reduction of lignin inhibition by increasing lignin negative zeta potential and decreasing hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Qiang Yong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Thomas Elder
- USDA-Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 521 Devall Drive, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Maobing Tu
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
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Characterization of Xylanase and Cellulase Produced by a Newly Isolated Aspergillus fumigatus N2 and Its Efficient Saccharification of Barley Straw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:559-569. [PMID: 27914020 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus N2 was isolated from decaying wood. This strain produces extracellular xylanases and cellulases. The highest xylanase (91.9 U/mL) and CMCase (5.61 U/mL) activity was produced when 1% barley straw was used as the carbon source. The optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were 6.0 and 65 °C, respectively. CMCase revealed maximum activity at pH 4.0 and in the range of 65 °C. The FPase was optimally active at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. The zymograms produced by the SDS-PAGE resolution of the crude enzymes indicated that multiple enzymes were secreted into the fermentation supernatant. Five bands of proteins with xylanase activity and four bands of proteins with endoglucanase were observed in the zymogram gel. The crude enzymes were used in the barley straw saccharification; an additive effect was observed when the commercial cellulase was added as supplement.
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Li Y, Sun Z, Ge X, Zhang J. Effects of lignin and surfactant on adsorption and hydrolysis of cellulases on cellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 26816530 PMCID: PMC4727347 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable works have been reported concerning the obstruction of enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency by lignin. However, there is a lack of information about the influence of lignin on the adsorption of cellulases on cellulose, along with the hydrolytic activity of the cellulases adsorbed on lignin. In addition, limited discovery has been reported about the influence of additives on cellulase desorption from lignin and lignocellulosic materials. In this work, the effects of lignin on cellulase adsorption and hydrolysis of Avicel were investigated and the effects of Tween 80 on cellulases adsorption and desorption on/from lignin and corn stover were explored. RESULTS The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Avicel reduced from 276.9 to 179.7 and 112.1 mg/g cellulose with the addition of 1 and 10 mg lignin per gram Avicel, which indicated that lignin adsorbed on Avicel reduced surface area of cellulose and lignin available for cellulases. Cellulases adsorbed on lignin could be released by reaching new adsorption equilibrium between lignin and supernatants. In addition, cellulases desorbed from lignin still possess hydrolytic capacity. Tween 80 could adsorb onto both lignin and corn stover, and reduce the cellulase adsorption on them. Furthermore, Tween 80 could enhance desorption of cellulases from both lignin and corn stover, which might be due to the competitive adsorption between cellulases and Tween 80 on them. CONCLUSIONS The presence of lignin decreased the maximum adsorption capacity of cellulases on cellulose and the cellulases adsorbed on lignin could be released to supernatant, exhibiting hydrolytic activity. Tween 80 could alleviate the adsorption of cellulases and enhanced desorption of cellulases on/from lignin and corn stover. The conclusions of this work help us further understanding the role of lignin in the reduction of adsorption of cellulases on substrates, and the function of additives in cellulases adsorption and desorption on/from lignin and substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Zongping Sun
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100 China
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Wang W, Yuan TQ, Cui BK. Fungal treatment followed by FeCl3 treatment to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of poplar wood for high sugar yields. Biotechnol Lett 2013; 35:2061-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-013-1306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Barsberg S, Selig MJ, Felby C. Impact of lignins isolated from pretreated lignocelluloses on enzymatic cellulose saccharification. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 35:189-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Effects of SPORL and dilute acid pretreatment on substrate morphology, cell physical and chemical wall structures, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of lodgepole pine. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:1556-67. [PMID: 22968589 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of pretreatment by dilute acid and sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on substrate morphology, cell wall physical and chemical structures, along with the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of lodgepole pine substrate were investigated. FE-SEM and TEM images of substrate structural morphological changes showed that SPORL pretreatment resulted in fiber separation, where SPORL high pH (4.2) pretreatment exhibited better fiber separation than SPORL low pH (1.9) pretreatment. Dilute acid pretreatment produced very poor fiber separation, consisting mostly of fiber bundles. The removal of almost all hemicelluloses in the dilute acid pretreated substrate did not overcome recalcitrance to achieve a high cellulose conversion when lignin removal was limited. SPORL high pH pretreatment removed more lignin but less hemicellulose, while SPORL low pH pretreatment removed about the same amount of lignin and hemicelluloses in lodgepole pine substrates when compared with dilute acid pretreatment. Substrates pretreated with either SPORL process had a much higher cellulose conversion than those produced with dilute acid pretreatment. Lignin removal in addition to removal of hemicellulose in SPORL pretreatment plays an important role in improving the cellulose hydrolysis of the substrate.
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10
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Liu HQ, Feng Y, Zhao DQ, Jiang JX. Influence of cellulose content on the enzyme activity in the saccharification digests of furfural residues. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Q. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing; 100083; China
| | - Y. Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing; 100083; China
| | - D. Q. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing; 100083; China
| | - J. X. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Beijing Forestry University; Beijing; 100083; China
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11
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Zhao X, Zhang L, Liu D. Biomass recalcitrance. Part I: the chemical compositions and physical structures affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. BIOFUELS, BIOPRODUCTS AND BIOREFINING 2012; 6:465-482. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/bbb.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Karunanithy C, Muthukumarappan K, Gibbons WR. Effect of extruder screw speed, temperature, and enzyme levels on sugar recovery from different biomasses. ISRN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 2013:942810. [PMID: 25969784 PMCID: PMC4403594 DOI: 10.5402/2013/942810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels from biomass have the potential to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels. An efficient pretreatment method is required to accomplish the target of the Energy Act 2005. Extrusion could be a viable continuous pretreatment method to be explored. The objectives of the current study were to investigate the influence of screw speed and barrel temperature on sugar recovery from the selected warm season grasses and to select a suitable enzyme combination and dose for enzymatic hydrolysis. The ground, moisture-balanced biomasses were pretreated using a single screw extruder at various screw speeds (100, 150, and 200 rpm) and barrel temperatures (50, 75, 100, 150, and 200°C). Cellulase or multienzyme with β-glucosidase was varied from 1 : 1 to 1 : 4 during enzymatic hydrolysis to accomplish the second objective. Screw speed, barrel temperature, and their interaction had a significant influence on sugar recovery from the selected biomasses. A maximum of 28.2, 66.2, and 49.2% of combined sugar recoverywasachieved for switchgrass, big bluestem, prairie cord grass when pretreated at a screw speed of 200, 200, and 150 rpm and at a barrel temperature of 75, 150, and 100°C, respectively, using cellulase and β-glucosidase at a ratio of 1 : 4. Extrusion pretreatment of these biomasses used only 28–37% of the rated extruder power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Karunanithy
- Department of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, 1400 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
- Department of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, 1400 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - William R Gibbons
- Department of Agricultural Biosystems Engineering, South Dakota State University, 1400 North Campus Drive, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Radeva G, Valchev I, Petrin S, Valcheva E, Tsekova P. Kinetic model of enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Olsen S, Bohlin C, Murphy L, Borch K, McFarland K, Sweeny M, Westh P. Effects of non-ionic surfactants on the interactions between cellulases and tannic acid: A model system for cellulase–poly-phenol interactions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:353-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Praestgaard E, Elmerdahl J, Murphy L, Nymand S, McFarland KC, Borch K, Westh P. A kinetic model for the burst phase of processive cellulases. FEBS J 2011; 278:1547-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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El-Zawawy WK, Ibrahim MM, Abdel-Fattah YR, Soliman NA, Mahmoud MM. Acid and enzyme hydrolysis to convert pretreated lignocellulosic materials into glucose for ethanol production. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Tejirian A, Xu F. Inhibition of enzymatic cellulolysis by phenolic compounds. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 48:239-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Empirical Evaluation of Inhibitory Product, Substrate, and Enzyme Effects During the Enzymatic Saccharification of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 161:468-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-8931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Liu L, Sun J, Li M, Wang S, Pei H, Zhang J. Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis and structural features of corn stover by FeCl3 pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5853-8. [PMID: 19581085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Corn stover was pretreated with FeCl(3) to remove almost all of the hemicellulose present and then hydrolyzed with cellulase and beta-glucosidase to produce glucose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover that had been pretreated with FeCl(3) at 160 degrees C for 20 min resulted in an optimum yield of 98.0%. This yield was significantly higher than that of untreated corn stover (22.8%). FeCl(3) pretreatment apparently damaged the surface of corn stover and significantly increased the enzymatic digestibility, as evidenced by SEM and XRD analysis data. FTIR analysis indicated that FeCl(3) pretreatment could disrupt almost all the ether linkages and some ester linkages between lignin and carbohydrates but had no effect on delignification. The FeCl(3) pretreatment technique, as a novel pretreatment method, enhances enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass by destructing chemical composition and altering structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 398, 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Kumar R, Wyman CE. Access of cellulase to cellulose and lignin for poplar solids produced by leading pretreatment technologies. Biotechnol Prog 2009; 25:807-19. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Zhu L, O'Dwyer JP, Chang VS, Granda CB, Holtzapple MT. Structural features affecting biomass enzymatic digestibility. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:3817-28. [PMID: 17826088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2006] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The rate and extent of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass highly depend on enzyme loadings, hydrolysis periods, and structural features resulting from pretreatments. Furthermore, the influence of one structural feature on biomass digestibility varies with the changes in enzyme loading, hydrolysis period and other structural features as well. In this paper, the effects of lignin content, acetyl content, and biomass crystallinity on the 1-, 6-, and 72-h digestibilities with various enzyme loadings were investigated. To eliminate the cross effects among structural features, selective pretreatment techniques were employed to vary one particular structural feature during a pretreatment, while the other two structural features remained unchanged. The digestibility results showed that lignin content and biomass crystallinity dominated digestibility whereas acetyl content had a lesser effect. Lignin removal greatly enhanced the ultimate hydrolysis extent. Crystallinity reduction, however, tremendously increased the initial hydrolysis rate and reduced the hydrolysis time or the amount of enzyme required to attain high digestibility. To some extent, the effects of structural features on digestibility were interrelated. At short hydrolysis periods, lignin content was not important to digestibility when crystallinity was low. Similarly, at long hydrolysis periods, crystallinity was not important to digestibility when lignin content was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Xu F, Ding H, Osborn D, Tejirian A, Brown K, Albano W, Sheehy N, Langston J. Partition of enzymes between the solvent and insoluble substrate during the hydrolysis of lignocellulose by cellulases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Cardona CA, Sánchez OJ. Fuel ethanol production: process design trends and integration opportunities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:2415-57. [PMID: 17336061 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Current fuel ethanol research and development deals with process engineering trends for improving biotechnological production of ethanol. In this work, the key role that process design plays during the development of cost-effective technologies is recognized through the analysis of major trends in process synthesis, modeling, simulation and optimization related to ethanol production. Main directions in techno-economical evaluation of fuel ethanol processes are described as well as some prospecting configurations. The most promising alternatives for compensating ethanol production costs by the generation of valuable co-products are analyzed. Opportunities for integration of fuel ethanol production processes and their implications are underlined. Main ways of process intensification through reaction-reaction, reaction-separation and separation-separation processes are analyzed in the case of bioethanol production. Some examples of energy integration during ethanol production are also highlighted. Finally, some concluding considerations on current and future research tendencies in fuel ethanol production regarding process design and integration are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Cardona
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Colombia at Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60 Of. F-505, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
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High-performance hydrolysis of cellulose using mixed cellulase species and ultrasonication pretreatment. Biochem Eng J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(03)00141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hari Krishna S, Chowdary GV. Optimization of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for the production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:1971-6. [PMID: 10820123 DOI: 10.1021/jf991296z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated Antigonum leptopus (Linn) leaves to ethanol was optimized using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei QM-9414 (Celluclast from Novo) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL-Y-132 cells. Response surface methodology (RSM) and a three-level four-variable design were employed to evaluate the effects of SSF process variables such as cellulase concentration (20-100 FPU/g of substrate), substrate concentration (5-15% w/v), incubation time (24-72 h), and temperature (35-45 degrees C) on ethanol production efficiency. Cellulase and substrate concentrations were found to be the most significant variables. The optimum conditions arrived at are as follows: cellulase = 100 FPU/g of substrate, substrate = 15% (w/v), incubation time = 57.2 h, and temperature = 38.5 degrees C. At these conditions, the predicted ethanol yield was 3.02% (w/v) and the actual experimental value was 3.0% (w/v).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hari Krishna
- Biotechnology Division, Department of Chemical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
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