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Martínez-Castro R, Flórez-Santiago J, Valle-Molinares R, Cabrera-Barraza J, Espitia-Almeida F. Optimized microwave-assisted azadirachtin extraction using response surface methodology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31504. [PMID: 38831827 PMCID: PMC11145488 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is grown mainly for shade, fuel, and numerous non-timber forest products using its leaves, fruit, and bark. It produces an essential oil that is used as a source for obtaining bioinsecticides, with a broad spectrum of action in agricultural production. Its bioinsecticidal activity is due to the presence of triterpenes, such as azadirachtin, a product in continued growth of the global biopesticide market. Optimal conditions for neem oil extraction using response surface methodology (RSM) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods have been defined. However, the extraction conditions for these methods tend to consume high volumes of organic solvent and long extraction times. The aim of the present study is to determine the optimal conditions for the extraction of azadirachtin from neem seeds in a hydroalcoholic medium using MAE and RSM with a Box-Behnken design (BBD). A BBD was applied to evaluate the effects of the factors, magnetron voltage (X1), extraction time (X2), and pH of the extraction medium (X3), on the yield of the azadirachtin extraction process. The effect of each variable on the extraction yield was studied independently, considering the pure coefficients (linear and quadratic) on the three levels that were studied in the experiments. Moreover, the study experiments were conducted in triplicate, data were presented as mean and standard deviation, homogeneity of variances was estimated using Levene's test, and a two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc analysis was performed to identify the experimental conditions that allowed us to find the highest extraction yield and to analyze whether the response surface model adequately described our data. The most significant effects of the model correspond to quadratic and interaction effects (p < 0.0001); the quadratic terms voltage (X1), extraction time (X2), and pH (X3); and the interaction effects between voltage-pH (X1*X3) and time-pH (X2*X3), which had a significant influence on the model. Moreover, a canonical analysis was performed. The optimal conditions were as follows: 69.22 V, 6.89 min, and a pH value of 4.35, coinciding with the zones shown in the contour plots. Furthermore, the response obtained at the optimal conditions was 37.5 μg of azadirachtin per gram of pretreated seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Martínez-Castro
- Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, 081001, Colombia
| | - Jiress Flórez-Santiago
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Chemistry Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, 081001, Colombia
| | - Roger Valle-Molinares
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Biology Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, 081001, Colombia
| | - Julián Cabrera-Barraza
- Center for Research and Innovation in Climate Change and Biodiversity, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
| | - Fabián Espitia-Almeida
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Biology Program, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia, 081001, Colombia
- Life Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia
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Sinu K, Savitha R, Ranjit B, Pushpavanam S. Detection of azadirachtin from neem kernels using a paper-based sandwich sensor. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1034-1042. [PMID: 38265638 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02030d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) was developed to detect the biopesticide azadirachtin (Aza) through a colorimetric assay. High precision estimation of Aza is classically carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which requires highly skilled personnel. Acidified vanillin is a commonly used colorimetric indicator in thin layer chromatography for detection of various phytochemicals. However, the assay involves concentrated acid, which limits the choice of paper substrates for paper-based sensors and raises safety concerns. In this work, we show how the assay can be extended from the liquid phase to a paper substrate. Glass microfiber (GMF) filter paper was found to be suitable paper as it was acid resistant; besides, its hydrophilicity enabled smooth flow of reagents. A microfluidic paper-based sensor (μPAD) was developed by sandwiching 5 mm sized GMF dots between two parafilm sheets. We demonstrate the use of colorimetric assay on the μPAD for on-site detection of Aza in neem kernels. The magenta color developed upon the reaction of acidified vanillin with Aza was captured using a smart-phone and analysed using RGB levels in the image. Calibration was established using neem kernel extract of known concentration. Linearity was seen in the concentration range of 5 to 25 mg L-1 Aza. A limit of detection of 2.3 mg L-1 was obtained using this method. The colorimetric assay showed a relative recovery of >85% when compared with the values obtained from HPLC. The stability of the reagents on the GMF sensor was investigated to understand the storage conditions and shelf life of the reagents and sensor. The present work demonstrates the development of a portable sensor for on-site detection of phytochemicals that can be an integral part of the agricultural supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurian Sinu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India
| | - Rangasamy Savitha
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
| | - Bauri Ranjit
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India
| | - Subramaniam Pushpavanam
- Chemical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
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García-Ramírez E, Contreras-Oliva A, Salinas-Ruiz J, Hernández-Ramírez G, Spinoso-Castillo JL, Colmenares Cuevas SI. Plant Extracts Control In Vitro Growth of Disease-Causing Fungi in Chayote. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091800. [PMID: 37176858 PMCID: PMC10180525 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of agrochemicals has caused environmental problems and toxicity to humans, so natural alternatives for disease control during harvest and postharvest have been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate cinnamon essential oil, neem oil, and black sapote fruit extract for in vitro inhibition of fungi isolated from chayote fruit. The extracts were applied at 300, 350, and 400 ppm in Petri dishes and the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Goetrichum sp., and Phytophthora capsici was evaluated for 7 days, and the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition per day was calculated. Cinnamon oil showed a fungicidal effect at all concentrations. Neem oil at 400 ppm showed a 42.3% reduction in the growth of F. solani and 27.8% reduction in the growth of F. oxysporum, while at 350 ppm it inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici by 53.3% and of Goetrichum sp. by 20.9%; finally, the black sapote extract at 400 ppm inhibited 21.9-28.6% of the growth of all fungi. The growth of postharvest fungi on chayote fruit could be prevented or reduced by applying the plant extracts evaluated at adequate concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar García-Ramírez
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Adriana Contreras-Oliva
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Josafhat Salinas-Ruiz
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Ramírez
- National Technological Institute of Mexico/Higher Technological Institute of Tierra Blanca, Av. Veracruz Esquina con Heroes de Puebla, Colonia Pemex, Tierra Blanca, Veracruz 95180, Mexico
| | - José Luis Spinoso-Castillo
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
| | - Saira Itzel Colmenares Cuevas
- Postgraduate College Campus Cordoba, Federal Highway Cordoba-Veracruz, Km 348. Congregation Manuel Leon, Amatlan de los Reyes, Veracruz 94953, Mexico
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Calcio Gaudino E, Colletti A, Grillo G, Tabasso S, Cravotto G. Emerging Processing Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Bioactive Compounds from Potato Peels. Foods 2020; 9:foods9111598. [PMID: 33153164 PMCID: PMC7692071 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato peel (PP) is the major underutilised by-product in the potato-processing industry and a potential source of valuable bioactive molecules. Among them, glycoalkaloids and polyphenols are important precursors for steroid hormones and natural antioxidants, respectively. Moreover, the huge quantities of industrial potato-peel waste that are produced are a rich source of primary metabolites, which principally include starch as well as non-starch polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, lignin and cellulose. All carbohydrates are prone to undergo fermentation to produce ethanol, lactic and acetic acid. Finally, the main portion of PP is made up of alcohol-insoluble matter with a dietary fibre content of approximatively 40%. The present review summarises the recent advances and emerging technologies in potato-peel extraction and further valorisation processing in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Silvia Tabasso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (E.C.G.); (A.C.); (G.G.)
- Centre of Bioanalytical Research and Molecular Design, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6707183
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Fernandes SR, Barreiros L, Oliveira RF, Cruz A, Prudêncio C, Oliveira AI, Pinho C, Santos N, Morgado J. Chemistry, bioactivities, extraction and analysis of azadirachtin: State-of-the-art. Fitoterapia 2019; 134:141-150. [PMID: 30738093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem) is an Indian tree recognized for its activity as pesticide, as well as several pharmacological properties. Among the various compounds already isolated and studied from Neem tree, azadirachtin (AZA) was identified as the main bioactive compound. Azadirachtin can be found at different parts of the Neem plant but assumes its maximum concentration at the seed level. This compound features a quite complex chemical structure, which justifies the 20-plus-year difficulty to identify the synthetic pathway that subsequently permitted to carry out its artificial synthesis. Azadirachtin is widely used as a basis for production of biopesticides; nevertheless, other properties have been recognized for this substance, among which the anticancer and antimalarial activity stand out. The methods available for azadirachtin extraction are diverse, including solid-liquid extraction and extraction with solvents at high or low temperatures. Alcohol based solvents are associated with higher extraction yields and are therefore preferred for the isolation of azadirachtin from plant parts. Clean-up of the extracts is generally required for further purification. The highest azadirachtin levels have been obtained from Neem seeds but concentration values present a large variation between batches. Therefore, in addition to extraction procedures, it is essential to establish routine methods for azadirachtin identification and quantification. Chromatography-based techniques are preferably selected for detection and quantification of azadirachtin in plant matrices. Overall, this process will guarantee a future reproducible, safe and effective use of the extracts in formulations for commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luisa Barreiros
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rita F Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Secção Autónoma de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Agostinho Cruz
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pinho
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Thangaraj P, Neelamegam RK, Nagarajan K, Muthukalingan K. Interaction of azadirachtin with the lipid-binding domain: Suppression of lipid transportation in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 152:62-68. [PMID: 30497712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of the insect growth regulator azadirachtin on lipid transportation to the ovary of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Lipids are hydrophobic in nature and require a carrier for circulation in the blood. Protein-lipid interactions play a vital role in lipid transport, thereby keeping the system balanced. In general, lipids bind to lipoproteins in a specific region called the lipid-binding domain (LBD). In this study, B. mori apolipophorin amino acid sequences were retrieved from NCBI and the LBD was identified. The LBD structure was predicted by (PS)2 and validated in ProSA. The LBD structure was docked with DMPC, POPC and sphingomyelin by SwissDock, each binding with GLN 171, ASN 162, and ASN 160 and 162, respectively. Interestingly, azadirachtin binds with ASN 160 and 162 and GLN 171, which shows that lipids and azadirachtin are binding with the same amino acid residues in the LBD. Later, this result was confirmed with wet lab work using a fluorescent phospholipid probe. Azadirachtin binding with the LBD was indirectly proportional to the fluorescent lipid binding. These results suggest that azadirachtin binds with the LBD instead of the lipids and interrupts the protein-lipid interaction, leading to the suppression of lipid transportation to the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Department of Biotechnology, Ponnaiyah Ramajayam Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur 613403, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Neelamegam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | | | - Krishnan Muthukalingan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India; Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan 305817, India.
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Okoduwa SIR, Umar IA, James DB, Inuwa HM, Habila JD. Evaluation of extraction protocols for anti-diabetic phytochemical substances from medicinal plants. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:605-614. [PMID: 28031778 PMCID: PMC5155234 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the efficacy of three extraction techniques: Soxhlet-extraction (SE), cold-maceration (CM) and microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) using 80% methanol as solvent. METHODS The study was performed on each of 50 g of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) and Occimum gratissimum (OG) leaves respectively. The percentage yield, duration of extraction, volume of solvent used, qualitative and quantitative phytoconstituents present was compared. The biological activities (hypoglycemic effect) were investigated using albino wistar rat model of diabetes mellitus (n = 36) with a combined dose (1:1) of the two plants leaf extracts (250 mg/kg b.w.) from the three methods. The extracts were administered orally, once daily for 21 d. RESULTS In this report, the percentage VA extract yield from MAE was highest (20.9% ± 1.05%) within 39 min using 250 mL of solvent, when compared to the CM (14.35% ± 0.28%) within 4320 min using 900 mL of solvent and SE (15.75% ± 0.71%) within 265 min using 500 mL of solvent. The percentage differences in OG extract yield between: MAE vs SE was 41.05%; MAE vs CM was 46.81% and SE vs CM was 9.77%. The qualitative chemical analysis of the two plants showed no difference in the various phytoconstituents tested, but differs quantitatively in the amount of the individual phytoconstituents, as MAE had significantly high yield (P > 0.05) on phenolics, saponins and tannins. SE technique gave significantly high yield (P > 0.05) on alkaloid, while CM gave significant high yield on flavonoids. The extracts from CM exhibited a significantly (P > 0.05) better hypoglycemic activity within the first 14-d of treatment (43.3% ± 3.62%) when compared to MAE (36.5% ± 0.08%) and SE methods (33.3% ± 1.60%). However, the percentage hypoglycemic activity, 21 d post-treatment with 250 mg/kg b.w. extract from MAE was 72.6% ± 1.03% and it was more comparable to 10 mg/kg b.w. glibenclamide treated group (75.0% ± 0.73%), unlike the SE (69.5% ± 0.71%) and CM (69.1% ± 1.03%). CONCLUSION CM technique produces extract with better hypoglycemic activity, whereas; MAE is a better option for high yield of phytoconstituents using less solvent within a short time.
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Choudhury R, Majumder M, Roy DN, Basumallick S, Misra TK. Phytotoxicity of Ag nanoparticles prepared by biogenic and chemical methods. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-016-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Quelemes PV, Perfeito MLG, Guimarães MA, dos Santos RC, Lima DF, Nascimento C, Silva MPN, Soares MJDS, Ropke CD, Eaton P, de Moraes J, Leite JRSA. Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract on resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation and Schistosoma mansoni worms. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:287-294. [PMID: 26408045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There are ethnopharmacological reports supporting the use of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf against bacterial and worm infections. However there is a lack of studies about its effect on bacterial biofilm formation and Schistosoma mansoni worms. This study reports the in vitro effects of neem leaf ethanolic extract (Neem EE) on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilm and planktonic aggregation formation, and against S. mansoni worms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantification of the Azadirachtin (AZA), thought to be one of their main compounds related to biological effects, was performed. The effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of Neem EE on biofilm formation and planktonic aggregates of S. aureus was tested using the crystal violet dye method and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis, respectively. Changes in S. mansoni motor activity and death of worms were analyzed in vitro after exposition to the extract. Treated schistosomes were also examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS It was observed the presence of AZA in the extract (0.14 ± 0.02 mg/L). Testing Neem EE sub-inhibitory concentrations, a significant biofilm adherence inhibition from 62.5 µg/mL for a sensitive S. aureus and 125 µg/mL for two MRSA strains was observed. AFM images revealed that as the Neem EE concentration increases (from 250 to 1000 µg/mL) decreased ability of a chosen MRSA strain to form large aggregates. In relation of anti-schistosoma assay, the extract caused 100% mortality of female worms at a concentration of 50 µg/mL at 72 h of incubation, while 300 µg/mL at 24h of incubation was required to achieve 100% mortality of male worms. The extract also caused significant motor activity reduction in S. mansoni. For instance, at 96 h of incubation with 100 µg/mL, 80% of the worms presented significant motor activity reduction. By the confocal microscopy analysis, the dorsal surface of the tegument of worms exposed to 300 µg/mL (male) and 100 µg/mL (female) of the extract showed severe morphological changes after 24h of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Neem leaf ethanolic extract presented inhibitory effect on MRSA biofilm and planktonic aggregation formation, and anthelmintic activity against S. mansoni worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick V Quelemes
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Márcia L G Perfeito
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria A Guimarães
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - Raimunda C dos Santos
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil
| | - David F Lima
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Paulo Afonso, BA, Brazil
| | - Carlos Nascimento
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos P N Silva
- Center for Research on Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José dos S Soares
- Department of Veterinary Morphophysiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049550, Brazil
| | - Cristina D Ropke
- Phytobios, Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação, Barueri, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Eaton
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Center for Research on Neglected Diseases, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Biodiversity and Biotechnology Research Center, Biotec, Federal University of Piauí, UFPI, 64202020 Parnaíba, PI, Brazil.
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Ali HAM, Imad HH, Salah AI. Analysis of bioactive chemical components of two medicinal plants (Coriandrum sativum and Melia azedarach) leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.14956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Kim J, Jayaprakasha GK, Muthuchamy M, Patil BS. Structure–function relationships of citrus limonoids on p38 MAP kinase activity in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Singh A, Sabally K, Kubow S, Donnelly DJ, Gariepy Y, Orsat V, Raghavan GSV. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidants from potato peels. Molecules 2011; 16:2218-32. [PMID: 21383659 PMCID: PMC6259758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16032218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A response surface method was used to optimize the microwave-assisted extraction parameters such as extraction time (t) (min), solvent (methanol) concentration (S) (v/v) and microwave power level (MP) for extraction of antioxidants from potato peels. Max. total phenolics content of 3.94 mg g−1 dry weight (dw) was obtained at S of 67.33%, t of 15 min and a MP of 14.67%. For ascorbic acid (1.44 mg g−1 dw), caffeic acid (1.33 mg g−1 dw), ferulic acid (0.50 mg g−1 dw) max contents were obtained at S of 100%, t of 15 min, and MP of 10%, while the max chlorogenic acid content (1.35 mg g−1 dw) was obtained at S of 100%, t of 5 min, and MP of 10%. The radical scavenging activity of the extract was evaluated by using the DPPH assay and optimum antioxidant activity was obtained at S of 100%, t of 5 min, and MP of 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd., Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Canada.
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Microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from four different spices. Molecules 2010; 15:6365-74. [PMID: 20877228 PMCID: PMC6257672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15096365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spices and herbs are known not only for their taste, aroma and flavour, but also for their medical properties and value. Both spices and herbs have been used for centuries in traditional medical systems to cure various kinds of illnesses such as common cold, diabetes, cough and cancers. The aim of this work was the comparison between two different extractive techniques in order to get qualitative and quantitative data regarding bioactive compounds of four different spices (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Coriandrum sativum, Cuminum cyminum, Crocus sativus). The plants were extracted employing ultrasonication and microwave-assisted extractions. The efficiency of extraction of bioactive compounds obtained with the microwave extraction process was in general about four times higher than that resulting from sonication extraction. The various extracts obtained were analyzed for their antioxidant activity using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays and for their total polyphenolic content. It can be concluded that microwave-assisted extractions provide significant advantages in terms of extraction efficiency and time savings.
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Dai J, Orsat V, Vijaya Raghavan G, Yaylayan V. Investigation of various factors for the extraction of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) leaves. J FOOD ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Drożdżyński D, Kowalska J. Rapid analysis of organic farming insecticides in soil and produce using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:2241-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-2931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside—Method Development. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-009-0213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Chen Y, Xie MY, Gong XF. Microwave-assisted extraction used for the isolation of total triterpenoid saponins from Ganoderma atrum. J FOOD ENG 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wandscheer CB, Duque JE, da Silva MAN, Fukuyama Y, Wohlke JL, Adelmann J, Fontana JD. Larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti. Toxicon 2005; 44:829-35. [PMID: 15530964 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts from the kernels of ripe fruits from the Indian Lilac Melia azedarach and from the well-known Neem tree, Azadirachta indica were assayed against larvae of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue fever. The lethality bioassays were carried out according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Extracts were tested at doses ranging from 0.0033 to 0.05 g% in an aqueous medium for 24 and 48 h, at 25 or 30 degrees C, with or without feeding of the larvae. LC50, LC95 and LC99 were determined. Both seed extracts proved lethal for third to fourth instar larvae. Non-fed A. aegypti larvae were more susceptible to Azadirachta extracts at both temperatures. Under a more realistic environmental situation, namely with fed larvae at 25 degrees C, the death rates caused by the Melia extract were higher, although at 30 degrees C the extract of Azadirachta had an even higher lethality. Inter allia, the LC50 values for the crude extracts of these two members of the Meliaceae ranged from 0.017 to 0.034 g% while the LC99 values ranged from 0.133 to 0.189 g%. Since no downstream processing was undertaken to purify the active agents in the extracts, our findings seem very promising, suggesting that it may be possible to increase the larvicidal activity further by improving the extraction and the fractionation of the crude limonoids, for instance removing the co-extracted natural fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B Wandscheer
- Biomass Chemo/Biotechnology Laboratory (LQBB), Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 80210-170 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Fulzele DP, Satdive RK. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1063:9-13. [PMID: 15700452 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Extraction methods using stirring extraction, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were evaluated for the percentage extraction of camptothecin (CPT) and 9-methoxycamptothecin (9-Me-CPT) from Nothapodytes foetida. The extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methanol (90%, v/v) extracted high percentage extraction of CPT and 9-Me-CPT compared to ethanol (90%, v/v). The results shows that the percentage extraction of CPT and 9-Me-CPT from N. foetida by MAE was more efficient in short time followed by Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic and stirring extraction methods. Maximum percentage extraction of CPT (2.67%, w/w) was obtained by MAE technique. MAE has need of 3 min, whereas ultrasonic extraction, Soxhlet extraction and stirring extraction techniques require 30, 120 and 30 min, respectively to leach higher percentage extraction of CPT and 9-Me-CPT. The times taken by the microwave extraction process was 40 times less than the Soxhlet extraction for percentage extraction of alkaloids. The present results show that the extraction efficiency and considerable saving of time by MAE was more competent than the other extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanand P Fulzele
- Plant Biotechnology and Secondary Products Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Comparison of microwave-assisted extraction and conventional extraction techniques for the extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge. Biochem Eng J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(02)00039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Prakash G, Bhojwani SS, Srivastava AK. Production of azadirachtin from plant tissue culture: State of the art and future prospects. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02932968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pan X, Niu G, Liu H. Microwave-assisted extraction of tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 922:371-5. [PMID: 11486886 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method has been developed for the extraction and determination of tanshinones (tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone and tanshinone I) from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge with analysis by HPLC. Various experimental conditions were investigated to optimize the percentage extraction. Under appropriate MAE conditions, such as ethanol concentrations of 95% (v/v), MAE for 2 min, liquid/solid ratio of 10:1 (ml/g), the percentage extraction can reach high in a short time. The percentage extraction (tanshinone IIA: 0.29%; cryptotanshinone: 0.23%; tanshinone I: 0.11%) by MAE was the same or even higher than conventional extraction methods. MAE only needs 2 min, but extraction at room temperature, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction and Soxhlet extraction need 24 h, 45 min, 75 min and 90 min, respectively. MAE was also available in pilot plant form for larger scale extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Pan
- Young Scientist Laboratory of Separation Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
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