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Li J, Wang L, Song D, Li Y, Huang H. A nanozyme with switchable enzyme-like activity for the logic gates detection of thymol and hydrogen peroxide in honey. Talanta 2024; 274:125951. [PMID: 38547842 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A new nanozyme (CuGaa) with switchable enzyme-like activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase was successfully prepared based on guanidinoacetic acid and copper. The two enzyme-like activities can be easily switched by changing temperature or adding MnCl2. At 4 °C, polyphenol oxidase-like activity decreased to nearly 1%, and the material is mainly characterized by peroxidase-like activity at this point. However, at 60 °C in the presence of 20 mM MnCl2, the peroxidase-like activity decreased to nearly 10%, and the polyphenol oxidase-like activity of the materials increased to 140%. Based on the switchable enzyme-like activity of CuGaa, detection methods for thymol and hydrogen peroxide were developed. In addition, a rapid combination strategy was further established combined with logic gate technology for the facile identification of complex contamination in honey, which provided new ideas for low-cost and rapid honey identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Luwei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Donghui Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, PR China.
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2
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Almagro L, Calderón AA, Pedreño MA, Ferrer MA. Differential Response of Phenol Metabolism Associated with Antioxidative Network in Elicited Grapevine Suspension Cultured Cells under Saline Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020388. [PMID: 35204270 PMCID: PMC8869233 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly productive trans-resveratrol (t-R) grapevine suspension cultured cells (SCC) and two effective elicitors, methyl jasmonate (MJ) and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins (CDs), were used to analyze the extent to which salt treatments alter the production of bioactive phenolic compounds. The expression/activity profile of the enzymes involved in phenol metabolism and antioxidant networks were also studied. A marked extracellular accumulation of phenolic compounds, especially t-R, was found in SCC elicited with CDs and/or MJ under saline conditions. However, the treatments with MJ alone and all those combined with salt favored the intracellular accumulation of catechin and ferulic acid. The salt-induced accumulation of phenolics was correlated with the higher total antioxidant capacity values found in cells, suggesting that cellular redox homeostasis under saline conditions was largely maintained by increasing phenolic compound production. These higher levels of phenolics found in elicited cells under saline conditions fit well with the highest activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activities were boosted in treatments with MJ and/or in those combined with salt and decreased in those treated with CDs. These results suggest a differential response of the antioxidative network to the presence of elicitors under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Almagro
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.A.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Antonio A. Calderón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
| | - María A. Pedreño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.A.); (M.A.P.)
| | - María A. Ferrer
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-325-535
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3
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Saranya G, Jiby MV, Jayakumar KS, Padmesh Pillai P, Jayabaskaran C. L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 178:112467. [PMID: 32771675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens L., commonly known as velvetbean or cow-itch, is a self-pollinated tropical legume of the family Fabaceae, known for its medicinal properties. The active principle L-DOPA extracted from the plant is a potent drug used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Although, it is hypothesized that a single step reaction can produce L-DOPA, the presence of optional routes makes the pathway more intricate. For instance, the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway, which leads to L-DOPA production, could occur by hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-DOPA either by polyphenol oxidase (PPO) or tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Furthermore, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes can also cause hydroxylation of tyrosine, resulting in L-DOPA synthesis. Therefore, the present investigation was focused on validating the step, which catalyzes the synthesis of L-DOPA, at the biochemical and molecular levels. Enzyme inhibitor studies showed significant inhibition of PPO enzyme with corresponding decrease in L-DOPA synthesis while TH and CYP inhibition had no effect on L-DOPA synthesis. Activity staining of non-denaturing PAGE gel for PPO and TH showed activity only to PPO enzyme. Following in-gel assay and tryptic digestion of the excised stained gel portion, peptide recovery and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed. Degenerate primers based on peptide sequence resulted in an 800bp amplicon. The subsequent sub-cloning, RACE analysis and BLAST search resulted in the isolation of full-length PPO coding sequence of 1800 bp. Structure prediction and phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequence revealed strong similarity to other plant PPO's like Glycine max, Vigna radiata and Vicia faba of the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saranya
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India; Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M V Jiby
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - K S Jayakumar
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - P Padmesh Pillai
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India.
| | - C Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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4
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Morosanova M, Bashkatova A, Morosanova E. Spectrophotometric and Smartphone-Assisted Determination of Phenolic Compounds Using Crude Eggplant Extract. Molecules 2019; 24:E4407. [PMID: 31810325 PMCID: PMC6930448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a simple, reliable and low cost enzymatic method for the determination of phenolic compounds we studied polyphenol oxidase activity of crude eggplant (S. melongena) extract using 13 phenolic compounds. Catechol, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and L-DOPA have been rapidly oxidized with the formation of colored products. Monophenolic compounds have been oxidized at a much slower speed. Ferulic acid, quercetin, rutin, and dihydroquercetin have been found to inhibit polyphenol oxidase activity of crude eggplant extract. The influence of pH, temperature, crude eggplant extract amount, and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) concentration on the oxidation of catechol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and L-DOPA has been investigated spectrophotometrically. Michaelis constants values decrease by a factor of 2 to 3 in the presence of MBTH. Spectrophotometric (cuvette and microplate variants) and smartphone-assisted procedures for phenolic compounds determination have been proposed. Average saturation values (HSV color model) of the images of the microplate wells have been chosen as the analytical signal for smartphone-assisted procedure. LOD values for catechol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and L-DOPA equaled 5.1, 6.3, 5.8 and 30.0 µM (cuvette procedure), 12.2, 13.2, 13.2 and 80.4 µM (microplate procedure), and 23.5, 26.4, 20.8 and 120.6 µM (smartphone procedure). All the variants have been successfully applied for fast (4-5 min) and simple TPC determination in plant derived products and L-DOPA determination in model biological fluids. The values found with smartphone procedure are in good agreement with both spectrophotometric procedures values and reference values. Using crude eggplant extract- mediated reactions combined with smartphone camera detection has allowed creating low-cost, reliable and environmentally friendly analytical method for the determination of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - E.I. Morosanova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Valenzuela JL, Manzano S, Palma F, Carvajal F, Garrido D, Jamilena M. Oxidative Stress Associated with Chilling Injury in Immature Fruit: Postharvest Technological and Biotechnological Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071467. [PMID: 28698472 PMCID: PMC5535958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immature, vegetable-like fruits are produced by crops of great economic importance, including cucumbers, zucchini, eggplants and bell peppers, among others. Because of their high respiration rates, associated with high rates of dehydration and metabolism, and their susceptibility to chilling injury (CI), vegetable fruits are highly perishable commodities, requiring particular storage conditions to avoid postharvest losses. This review focuses on the oxidative stress that affects the postharvest quality of vegetable fruits under chilling storage. We define the physiological and biochemical factors that are associated with the oxidative stress and the development of CI symptoms in these commodities, and discuss the different physical, chemical and biotechnological approaches that have been proposed to reduce oxidative stress while enhancing the chilling tolerance of vegetable fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Valenzuela
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Susana Manzano
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Francisco Palma
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Fátima Carvajal
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Dolores Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Manuel Jamilena
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Campus of International Excellence (ceiA3), CIAIMBITAL, Universidad de Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
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6
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Taranto F, Pasqualone A, Mangini G, Tripodi P, Miazzi MM, Pavan S, Montemurro C. Polyphenol Oxidases in Crops: Biochemical, Physiological and Genetic Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E377. [PMID: 28208645 PMCID: PMC5343912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic browning is a colour reaction occurring in plants, including cereals, fruit and horticultural crops, due to oxidation during postharvest processing and storage. This has a negative impact on the colour, flavour, nutritional properties and shelf life of food products. Browning is usually caused by polyphenol oxidases (PPOs), following cell damage caused by senescence, wounding and the attack of pests and pathogens. Several studies indicated that PPOs play a role in plant immunity, and emerging evidence suggested that PPOs might also be involved in other physiological processes. Genomic investigations ultimately led to the isolation of PPO homologs in several crops, which will be possibly characterized at the functional level in the near future. Here, focusing on the botanic families of Poaceae and Solanaceae, we provide an overview on available scientific literature on PPOs, resulting in useful information on biochemical, physiological and genetic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taranto
- SINAGRI S.r.l.-Spin off dell'Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Pasqualone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Mangini
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per l'orticoltura, 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy.
| | - Monica Marilena Miazzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pavan
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Montemurro
- SINAGRI S.r.l.-Spin off dell'Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", 70126 Bari, Italy.
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7
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Yoshida J, Kuwahara K, Suzuki K, Yuge H. Long-Range Intramolecular Electronic Communication in a Trinuclear Ruthenium Tropolonate Complex. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1846-1856. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kuwahara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kota Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yuge
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kitasato University 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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8
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Harish Babu BN, Wilfred A, Venkatesh YP. Emerging food allergens: Identification of polyphenol oxidase as an important allergen in eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.). Immunobiology 2017; 222:155-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Gundo[notdef]ggmaz G, Do[notdef]ggan S, Arslan O. Some Kinetic Properties of Polyphenol Oxidase Obtained from Various Salvia Species (Salvia Viridis L., Salvia Virgata Jacq. and Salvia Tomentosa Miller). FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108201303036476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was partially purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by dialysis from different organs of Salvia species (Salvia virgata Jacq., Salvia viridis L. and Salvia tomentosa Miller). Polyphenol oxidase activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 420 nm using catechol as a substrate. Vmax, KM and Vmax/KM values for polyphenol oxidase activity from different organs of Salvia species were determined. S. tomentosa Miller was the species with the highest PPO activity, followed by S. virgata Jacq and S. viridis L. S. tomentosa Miller was the most suitable Salvia species for dark-tea preparations because of the highest Vmax/KM values. The effects of various inhibitors on the reaction catalysed by the enzyme were tested and calculated I50 values, reduced the enzyme activity by 50%. The most effective inhibitor was L-cysteine followed by ascorbic acid. Activation energies, Ea, were determined from Arrhenius equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Gundo[notdef]ggmaz
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey
| | - S. Do[notdef]ggan
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey,
| | - O. Arslan
- Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Chemistry, Balikesir University, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey
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10
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Variability of total phenolic, flavonoid and rosmarinic acid content among Iranian basil accessions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Fronk P, Hartmann H, Bauer M, Solem E, Jaenicke E, Tenzer S, Decker H. Polyphenoloxidase from Riesling and Dornfelder wine grapes (Vitis vinifera) is a tyrosinase. Food Chem 2015; 183:49-57. [PMID: 25863609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenoloxidases (PPO) of the type-3 copper protein family are considered to be catecholoxidases catalyzing the oxidation of o-diphenols to their corresponding quinones. PPO from Grenache grapes has recently been reported to display only diphenolase activity. In contrast, we have characterized PPOs from Dornfelder and Riesling grapes which display both monophenolase and diphenolase activity. Ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography indicated that both PPOs occur as monomers with Mr of about 38kDa. Non-reducing SDS-PAGE shows two bands of about 38kDa exhibiting strong activity. Remarkably, three bands up to 60kDa displayed only very weak PPO activity, supporting the hypothesis that the C-terminal domain covers the entrance to the active site. Molecular dynamic analysis indicated that the hydroxyl group of monophenolic substrates can bind to CuA after the flexible but sterically hindering Phe 259 swings away on a picosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Fronk
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Hermann Hartmann
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Margarita Bauer
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Even Solem
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaenicke
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heinz Decker
- Institute for Molecular Biophysics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 26, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) polyphenol oxidase multi-gene family: a phylogenetic evaluation. 3 Biotech 2015; 5:93-99. [PMID: 28324357 PMCID: PMC4327750 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-014-0195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) in different Solanum species including eggplant have been studied. PPOs have been implicated in undesirable enzymatic browning of eggplant fruit and also in plant defense. The main objective of this study was to identify and accelerate the further functional characterization of additional eggplant PPOs that are involved in food biochemistry and defense-related functions. Eggplant PPOs identified earlier were used in “Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST)” search against expressed sequence tag and nucleotide databases. We have identified seven additional sequences which were almost complete in length. The sequences of the PPOs were aligned and their phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships established. The sequences are quite diverse, broadly falling into two major clusters; three PPOs form a separate branch/minor cluster. The thirteen sequences had conserved copper A binding sites but copper B binding sites differed considerably in two new PPO sequences (AFJ79642 and ACR61398). A third conserved ‘Histidine-rich’ region has been identified at the ‘C’ terminus of the eggplant PPOs. In addition, all the seven new PPOs exhibited at least one glycosylated sequon in the mature PPO sequence. Identification of additional PPO genes will further help in functional and biological characterization of these PPOs.
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13
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Li R, Li N, Wang Z, Wang X, Liu W. Characterization of Polyphenol Oxidase from Jipicao Yam. J Food Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Ning Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Zhaosheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Shandong Agricultural University; Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University; Ji'nan China
| | - Wenzhi Liu
- Anqiu City Food and Drug Administration; Anqiu China
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14
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Karatas MO, Alici B, Çetinkaya E, Bilen Ç, Gençer N, Arslan O. Synthesis, characterization and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of benzimidazole derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Effect of 24-epibrassinolide treatment on the metabolism of eggplant fruits in relation to development of pulp browning under chilling stress. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:3394-401. [PMID: 26028720 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the metabolism in relation to development of chilling injury-induced pulp browning of eggplant fruit. The fruits were dipped for 10 min in solutions containing 10 μmM EBR and then stored at 1 °C for 15 days. Chilling injury index, weight loss, electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of control fruit increased during storage. Chilling injury improved phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities, which are correlated with the increase of total phenolic content and pulp browning of eggplant fruit. The inhibition of pulp browning by EBR treatment was possibly attributed to preserving the cell membrane integrity, reducing total phenolic content, and decreasing PAL, PPO, and POD activities. These results suggest that EBR may inhibit chilling injury and pulp browning in eggplant fruit during cold storage.
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16
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Solomon EI, Heppner DE, Johnston EM, Ginsbach JW, Cirera J, Qayyum M, Kieber-Emmons MT, Kjaergaard CH, Hadt RG, Tian L. Copper active sites in biology. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3659-853. [PMID: 24588098 PMCID: PMC4040215 DOI: 10.1021/cr400327t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1129] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Heppner
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | - Jake W. Ginsbach
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Jordi Cirera
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Munzarin Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | | | | | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
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17
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Free phenolics and polyphenol oxidase (PPO): The factors affecting post-cut browning in eggplant (Solanum melongena). Food Chem 2013; 139:105-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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First extraction of polyphenol oxidase from edible desert truffle (Terfezia leonis Tul.) and its thermal behavior. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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García-García MI, Hernández-García S, Sánchez-Ferrer Á, García-Carmona F. Kinetic study of hydroxytyrosol oxidation and its related compounds by Red Globe grape polyphenol oxidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:6050-6055. [PMID: 23725049 DOI: 10.1021/jf4009422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Red Globe grape polyphenol oxidase, partially purified using phase partitioning with Triton-X114, was used to study the oxidation of hydroxytytosol (HT) and its related compounds tyrosol (TS), tyrosol acetate (TSA), and hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTA). The enzyme showed activity toward both monophenols (monophenolase activity) and o-diphenols (diphenolase activity) with a pH optimum (pH 6.5) that was independent of the phenol used. However, the optimal temperature for diphenolase activity was substrate-dependent, with a broad optimum of 25-65 °C for HT, compared with the maximum obtained for HTA (40 °C). Monophenolase activity showed the typical lag period, which was modulated by pH, substrate and enzyme concentrations, and the presence of catalytic amounts of o-diphenols. When the catalytic power (Vmax/K(M)) was determined for both activities, higher values were observed for o-diphenols than for monophenols: 9-fold higher for the HT/TS pair and 4-fold higher for HTA/TSA pair. Surprisingly, this ratio was equally higher for TSA (2.2-fold) compared with that of TS, whereas no such effect was observed for o-diphenols. This higher efficiency of TSA could be related to its greater hydrophobicity. Acetyl modification of these phenols not only changes the kinetic parameters of the enzyme but also affects their antioxidant activity (ORAC-FL assays), which is lower in HTA than in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inmaculada García-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia , Campus Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Ghidelli C, Mateos M, Rojas-Argudo C, Pérez-Gago MB. Effect of Antioxidants on Enzymatic Browning of Eggplant Extract and Fresh-Cut Tissue. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ghidelli
- Centro de Tecnología Poscosecha; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Milagros Mateos
- PASAPTA; Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera; 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - Cristina Rojas-Argudo
- Centro de Tecnología Poscosecha; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
| | - María B. Pérez-Gago
- Centro de Tecnología Poscosecha; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias - Fundación AGROALIMED; 46113 Moncada Valencia Spain
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21
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Purification and characterisation of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from eggplant (Solanum melongena). Food Chem 2012; 134:1855-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Shetty SM, Chandrashekar A, Venkatesh YP. Eggplant polyphenol oxidase multigene family: cloning, phylogeny, expression analyses and immunolocalization in response to wounding. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2011; 72:2275-87. [PMID: 21945722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Though polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes from tomato and potato have been extensively studied, information about PPO genes in eggplant (Solanum melongena) is lacking. The main objective of this study is to understand the structural and functional aspects of eggplant PPO genes. Six eggplant PPO genes (SmePPO1-6) cloned by RACE and genome walking were found to be intronless and correspond to eight eggplant unigenes. Comprehensive sequence analyses indicated that the eggplant PPO genes exhibit considerable variation in the transit peptide regions, copper-binding domains and UTRs, and fall into two distinct structural classes. Further, PPO gene members appear to exist in clusters on eggplant chromosome 8 as seen in the case of tomato and potato PPOs. During normal growth and development, SmePPO1 and 2 are expressed in roots, whereas the transcript levels of all the eggplant PPO genes vary considerably in leaves, flowers and fruits. SmePPO1 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a GST fusion protein, and immunoblot using rabbit polyclonal antiserum to GST-SmePPO1 detected a major protein band (~70 kDa) and a minor band (~67 kDa) in eggplant fruit extract. Tissue printing indicated the predominant presence of PPO in the exocarp and the areas surrounding the seeds in the mesocarp of eggplant fruits. Immunolocalization of PPOs in eggplant infested with shoot-and-fruit borer revealed localization of the PPO at the site of infection in tender shoots and fruits, and further inside the mature tissues. The upregulation of eggplant PPO gene transcripts following mechanical injury shows that all the genes except SmePPO2 are induced in the fruit over 6h. On the contrary, the transcripts of SmePPO2 and PPO3 are not detectable in the stem, and expression seems to be prominent over a 2h period for SmePPO1 and SmePPO4-6. Our results show that eggplant PPO genes are structurally different, and are differentially expressed in various tissues of eggplant indicating their functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshkumar M Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry & Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute (a CSIR Laboratory), Mysore, Karnataka, India
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23
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Todaro A, Cavallaro R, Argento S, Branca F, Spagna G. Study and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11244-11248. [PMID: 21942648 DOI: 10.1021/jf201862q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study the catecholase and cresolase activities of eggplant polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were investigated. Enzyme activity was determined by measuring the increase in absorbance using catechol as substrate and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) as coupled reagent. The effects of substrate specificity, heat inactivation, temperature, pH, and inhibitors were investigated to understand the enzymatic alteration of ready-to-eat preparations. Browning of vegetables was determined through a colorimeter. Decrease of lightness (L*) and increase of color difference values (ΔE*) were correlated with tissue browning. Antibrowning agents were tested on PPO under the same conditions. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by 0.4 M citric acid. Under natural pH conditions, the enzyme was also inhibited by tartaric acid and acetic acid. All of the results were used to understand the best conditions for food transformation (ready-to-eat and grilled eggplant slices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Todaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agrarie e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Catania, via S. Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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De Leonardis A, Macciola V. Polyphenol oxidase from eggplant reduces the content of phenols and oxidative stability of olive oil. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Tuncay D, Yagar H. Comparison of Polyphenol Oxidases Prepared From Different Parts of Artichoke (Cynara ScolymusL.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10942910903453363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Saisung P, Theerakulkait C. Inhibitory effect of pineapple shell extract and its ultrafiltered fractions on polyphenol oxidase activity and browning in fresh-cut banana slices Efecto inhibidor de extracto de cáscara de piña y sus fracciones ultrafiltradas en la actividad polifenoloxidasa y pardeamiento de rodajas de plátano recién cortadas. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/19476330903515472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhao Z, Zhu L, Yu S, Saska M. Partial purification and characterization of polyphenol oxidase from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). SUGAR INDUSTRY-ZUCKERINDUSTRIE 2011. [DOI: 10.36961/si11437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of sugarcane was extracted by using 0.02 mol/L phosphate buffer at pH = 6.8 containing 1.5% polyvinylpolypyrrolidone and 0.5% Triton X-100, and then partially purified by 80% ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis, and column chromatography on DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Sephadex G-100. PPO activity was purified 37.6-fold with a recovery of 18.4%. The PPO showed activity to catechol, chlorogenic acid, 4-methylcatechol, caffeic acid and ferulic acid, but not to l-tyrosine. Optimum conditions (pH value and temperature) for PPO were determined using the five substances. PPO activity is quite thermostable between 20 and 30 °C. After heating for 10 min at 80 °C 90% of the activity is lost. Km and Vmax values of PPO were calculated for each substrate and the best substrate of PPO was chlorogenic acid. PPO was markedly inhibited by metal ions (Cu2+, Al3+, and Mg2+) at 1 and 10 mmol/L, and strongly inhibited by NaHSO3 and ascorbic acid at 1 mmol/L.
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ZHU Z, ZHAN L. CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYPHENOL OXIDASE FROM WATER CALTROP (TRAPA ACORNIS NAKANO) FRUITS. J Food Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2010.00353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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de la Rosa LA, Mercado-Mercado G, Rodrigo-García J, González-Aguilar GA, Alvarez-Parrilla E. Peach polyphenol oxidase inhibition by 𝛃-cyclodextrin and 4-hexylresorcinol is substrate dependent La inhibición de la polifenoloxidasa de durazno por 𝛃-ciclodextrina y 4-hexilresorcinol es dependiente del sustrato. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/19476330903146013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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De Leonardis A, Lustrato G, Macciola V, Ranalli G. Application of chemical and physical agents in model systems to controlling phenoloxidase enzymes. Eur Food Res Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-010-1312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Luna-Acosta A, Rosenfeld E, Amari M, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, Bustamante P, Thomas-Guyon H. First evidence of laccase activity in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 28:719-726. [PMID: 20109560 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenoloxidases (POs) are a family of enzymes including tyrosinases, catecholases and laccases, which play an important role in immune defence mechanisms in various invertebrates. The aim of this study was to thoroughly identify the PO-like activity present in the hemolymph of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, by using different substrates (i.e. dopamine and p-phenylenediamine, PPD) and different PO inhibitors. In order to go deeper in this analysis, we considered separately plasma and hemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS). In crude plasma, oxygraphic assays confirmed the presence of true oxidase activities. Moreover, the involvement of peroxidase(s) was excluded. In contrast to other molluscs, no tyrosinase-like activity was detected. With dopamine as substrate, PO-like activity was inhibited by the PO inhibitors tropolone, phenylthiourea (PTU), salicylhydroxamic acid and diethyldithio-carbamic acid, by a specific inhibitor of tyrosinases and catecholases, i.e. 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), and by a specific inhibitor of laccases, i.e. cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). With PPD as substrate, PO-like activity was inhibited by PTU and CTAB. In precipitated protein fractions from plasma, and with dopamine and PPD as substrates, PTU and 4-HR, and PTU and CTAB inhibited PO-like activity, respectively. In precipitated protein fractions from hemocyte lysate supernatant, PTU and CTAB inhibited PO-like activity, independently of the substrate. Taken together, these results suggest the presence of both catecholase- and laccase-like activities in plasma, and the presence of a laccase-like activity in HLS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a laccase-like activity is identified in a mollusc by using specific substrates and inhibitors for laccase, opening new perspectives for studying the implication of this enzyme in immune defence mechanisms of molluscs of high economic value such as C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luna-Acosta
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 6250, CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, F-17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01, France.
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Oxidases from mate tea leaves (Ilex paraguariensis): extraction optimization and stability at low and high temperatures. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2008; 31:541-50. [PMID: 18193460 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-007-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is an important natural product in the economic and cultural context of Brazil. Peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase have been responsible for quality deterioration and browning in mate. The objective of this work was to investigate a methodology of extraction and enzymatic activity determination of oxidases present in mate tea leaves and to evaluate the oxidases stability. The effects of raw-material mass, buffer molar concentration, Triton X-100 addition, extraction pH, pH activity measurement, polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 addition, and centrifugation time were evaluated by the experimental planning methodology. The storage of the oxidases along 150 days at low temperatures showed that no significant difference was found at -4 and -80 degrees C but significant difference was observed when compared to 4 degrees C. The results showed that higher activities of oxidases are obtained at similar conditions. The exposition to high-temperatures and the variation of the time of exposition affected the enzymatic activity significantly.
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Ayaz F, Demir O, Torun H, Kolcuoglu Y, Colak A. Characterization of polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and total phenolic contents in medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit during ripening and over ripening. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Arias E, González J, Oria R, Lopez-Buesa P. Ascorbic Acid and 4-Hexylresorcinol Effects on Pear PPO and PPO Catalyzed Browning Reaction. J Food Sci 2007; 72:C422-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Biochemical and genetic characterization of wheat (Triticum spp.) kernel polyphenol oxidases. J Cereal Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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37
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Cheriot SC, Billaud C, Nicolas J. Use of experimental design methodology to prepare Maillard reaction products from glucose and cysteine inhibitors of polyphenol oxidase from eggplant (Solanum melongena). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:5120-6. [PMID: 16819925 DOI: 10.1021/jf060228r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) from eggplant was extracted and partially purified by a two-step fractionation-precipitation using ammonium sulfate and phenylsepharose hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The eggplant PPO extract was characterized concerning its kinetic properties. Optimal conditions to obtain Maillard reaction products (MRPs) with a maximal inhibitory potency (IP) toward PPO activity were determined using the surface response methodology and a four-factor and five-level experimental design. The MRPs were prepared from cysteine (0.25 M) and glucose (0-1 M), at several initial pH values (2-6) and at differing heating times (3-19 h) and temperatures (95-115 degrees C). The maximal IP was obtained after heating a model system of glucose/cysteine (1/0.25 M) at pH 2 for 3 h 20 min at 115 degrees C. The soluble part of this MRP, called MRP(IPmax), was a noncompetitive inhibitor toward eggplant PPO. The IP of MRP(IPmax) on PPO activity was very potent as compared to that displayed by benzoic, p-coumaric, and t-cinnamic acids, as well as sorbic acid and 4-hexylresorcinol. The activity of preincubated PPO at 0 degrees C with MRP(IPmax) was only slightly restored after dialysis or gel filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Cheriot
- Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Chaire de Biochimie Industrielle et Agro-Alimentaire, UMR SCALE 1211, 292 Rue Saint Martin, Case 306-75141 Paris Cedex 03, France
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Fuerst EP, Anderson JV, Morris CF. Delineating the role of polyphenol oxidase in the darkening of alkaline wheat noodles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:2378-84. [PMID: 16536622 DOI: 10.1021/jf0526386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of inhibitors on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, the effect of the PPO inhibitor tropolone on noodle darkening, and the correlation of PPO activity with darkening of alkaline noodles. The PPO inhibitors tropolone and salicylhydroxamic acid (each at 1 microM) reduced kernel PPO activity by approximately 50% in three hexaploid wheat cultivars but did not inhibit PPO activity in the two very low PPO cultivars, durum Langdon, and the synthetic hexaploid-derived ID580. Tropolone (100 microg/g flour) inhibited alkaline noodle darkening (deltaL*) by 13-25% in the low PPO wheat cultivar, ID377s, and by 39-54% in the high PPO wheat cultivar, Klasic. Alkaline noodle darkening among 502 wheat samples was correlated with kernel PPO activity (r = 0.64). Results substantiate the hypothesis that PPO plays a major role in darkening of alkaline noodles. However, results also indicate that substantial darkening would occur even at zero PPO activity, as measured in the kernel PPO assay. Therefore, darkening of alkaline noodles is probably due to the cultivar-specific level of PPO activity and the presence of at least one additional darkening mechanism. Further investigation is required to identify the phenolic discoloration agent(s) and to determine the potential roles of non-PPO discoloration mechanisms, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic, in wheat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patrick Fuerst
- Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6394, USA
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Fuerst EP, Anderson JV, Morris CF. Polyphenol Oxidase in Wheat Grain: Whole Kernel and Bran Assays for Total and Soluble Activity. Cereal Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1094/cc-83-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Patrick Fuerst
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6394
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6394. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
| | - James V. Anderson
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND 58105-5674
| | - Craig F. Morris
- USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6394. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable
- Correspondong author. Phone: +1.509.335.4062. Fax: +1.509.335.8573. E-mail:
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Dogan S, Turan P, Dogan M, Arslan O, Alkan M. Purification and characterization of Ocimum basilicum L. polyphenol oxidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:10224-30. [PMID: 16366719 DOI: 10.1021/jf051646j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A partial characterization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in Ocimum basilicum L. is described. PPO in O. basilicum L. was extracted and purified through (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, dialysis, and a Sepharose 4B-l-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid affinity column. The samples obtained from (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and dialysis were used for the characterization of PPO. At the end of purification by affinity chromatography, 11.5-fold purification was achived. The purified enzyme exhibited a clear single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 54 kDa. The contents of total phenolic and protein of O. basilicum L. extracts were determined. The total phenolic content of O. basilicum L. was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and was found to be 280 mg 100 g(-1) on a fresh weight basis. The protein content was determined according to the Bradford method. The enzyme showed activity to 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol substrates, but not to tyrosine. Therefore, of these three substrates, 4-methylcatecol was the best substrate due to the highest V(max)/K(m) value, followed by pyrogallol and catechol. The optimum pH was at 6, 8, and 9 for 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol, respectively. The enzyme had an optimum temperature of 20, 40, and 50 degrees C for 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol, respectively. It was found that optimum temperature and pH were dependent on the substrates studied. The enzyme activity with increasing temperature and inactivation time for 4-methylcatechol, catechol, and pyrogallol substrates decreased due to heat denaturation of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Dogan
- Departments of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Balikesir, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey.
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Pérez-Gilabert M, Morte A, Avila-González R, García-Carmona F. Characterization and histochemical localization of nonspecific esterase from ascocarps of desert truffle (Terfezia claveryi Chatin). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:5754-9. [PMID: 15998144 DOI: 10.1021/jf050334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
An esterase activity from Terfezia claveryi Chatin ascocarps, a mycorrhizal hypogeous fungus, is described for the first time. The enzyme was partially purified using phase partitioning in Triton X-114 (TX-114), achieving a reduction of 87% in the triglyceride content and the removal of 63% of phenols. The enzyme showed maximum activity toward short-chain p-nitrophenyl esters, and no interfacial activation was observed, indicating that the enzyme responsible for this activity is an esterase and not a lipase. This esterase presented its maximum activity at pH 7.4 and 60 degrees C. The values obtained for Km at pH 7.4 were 0.3 mM for p-nitrophenyl butyrate and 0.6 mM for p-nitrophenyl acetate with catalytic efficiencies (Vmax/Km) of 0.23 and 0.32, respectively. T. claveryi esterase was inhibited by phenylboric acid, indicating that serine residues were involved in the enzyme activity. This activity was localized only in the hypothecium and was absent from the peridium and gleba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Pérez-Gilabert
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A and Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Dogan S, Turan Y, Ertürk H, Arslan O. Characterization and purification of polyphenol oxidase from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:776-785. [PMID: 15686433 DOI: 10.1021/jf049053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) was first purified by a combination of (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation, dialysis, and a Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine-p-aminobenzoic acid affinity column. At the end of purification, 43-fold purification was achieved. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that PPO had a 57 kDa molecular mass. Second, the contents of total phenolic and protein of artichoke head extracts were determined. The total phenolic content of artichoke head was determined spectrophotometrically according to the Folin-Ciocalteu procedure and was found to be 425 mg 100 g(-1) on a fresh weight basis. Protein content was determined according to Bradford method. Third, the effects of substrate specificity, pH, temperature, and heat inactivation were investigated on the activity of PPO purified from artichoke. The enzyme showed activity to 4-methylcatechol, pyrogallol, catechol, and L-dopa. No activity was detected toward L-tyrosine, resorsinol, and p-cresol. According to V(max)/K(m) values, 4-methylcatechol (1393 EU min(-1) mM(-1)) was the best substrate, followed by pyrogallol (1220 EU min(-1) mM(-1)), catechol (697 EU min(-1) mM(-1)), and L-dopa (102 EU min(-1) mM(-1)). The optimum pH values for PPO were 5.0, 8.0, and 7.0 using 4-methylcatechol, pyrogallol, and catechol as substrate, respectively. It was found that optimum temperatures were dependent on the substrates studied. The enzyme activity decreased due to heat denaturation of the enzyme with increasing temperature and inactivation time for 4-methylcatechol and pyrogallol substrates. However, all inactivation experiments for catechol showed that the activity of artichoke PPO increased with mild heating, reached a maximum, and then decreased with time. Finally, inhibition of artichoke PPO was investigated with inhibitors such as L-cysteine, EDTA, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, d,L-dithiothreitol, tropolone, glutathione, sodium azide, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, and 4-aminobenzoic acid using 4-methylcatechol, pyrogallol, and catechol as substrate. The presence of EDTA, 4-aminobenzoic acid, salicylic acid, gallic acid, and benzoic acid did not cause the inhibition of artichoke PPO. A competitive-type inhibition was obtained with sodium azide, L-cysteine, and d,L-dithiothreitol inhibitors using 4-methylcatechol as substrate; with L-cysteine, tropolone, d,L-dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, and sodium azide inhibitors using pyrogallol as substrate; and with L-cysteine, tropolone, d,L-dithiotreitol, and ascorbic acid inhibitors using catechol as a substrate. A mixed-type inhibition was obtained with glutathione inhibitor using 4-methylcatechol as a substrate. A noncompetitive inhibition was obtained with tropolone and ascorbic acid inhibitors using 4-methylcatechol as substrate, with glutathione inhibitor using pyrogallol as substrate, and with glutathione and sodium azide inhibitors using catechol as substrate. From these results, it can be said that the most effective inhibitor for artichoke PPO is tropolone. Furthermore, it was found that the type of inhibition depended on the origin of the PPO studied and also on the substrate used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serap Dogan
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Balikesir, 10100 Balikesir, Turkey.
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Characterization and changes in polyphenol oxidase from eggplant fruit (Solanum melongena L.) during storage at low temperature. Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Dogan S, Dogan M. Determination of kinetic properties of polyphenol oxidase from Thymus (Thymus longicaulis subsp. chaubardii var. chaubardii). Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Özen A, Colak A, Dincer B, Güner S. A diphenolase from persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki L., Ebenaceae). Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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YORUK RUHIYE, MARSHALL MAURICER. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FUNCTION OF PLANT POLYPHENOL OXIDASE: A REVIEW. J Food Biochem 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2003.tb00289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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YAMAGUCHI T, KATSUDA M, ODA Y, TERAO J, KANAZAWA K, OSHIMA S, INAKUMA T, ISHIGURO Y, TAKAMURA H, MATOBA T. Influence of Polyphenol and Ascorbate Oxidases during Cooking Process on the Radical-Scavenging Activity of Vegetables. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.9.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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48
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Kim YM, Yun J, Lee CK, Lee H, Min KR, Kim Y. Oxyresveratrol and hydroxystilbene compounds. Inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and mechanism of action. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:16340-4. [PMID: 11864987 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m200678200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is responsible for the molting process in insects, undesirable browning of fruits and vegetables, and coloring of skin, hair, and eyes in animals. To clarify the mechanism of the depigmenting property of hydroxystilbene compounds, inhibitory actions of oxyresveratrol and its analogs on tyrosinases from mushroom and murine melanoma B-16 have been elucidated in this study. Oxyresveratrol showed potent inhibitory effect with an IC(50) value of 1.2 microm on mushroom tyrosinase activity, which was 32-fold stronger inhibition than kojic acid, a depigmenting agent used as the cosmetic material with skin-whitening effect and the medical agent for hyperpigmentation disorders. Hydroxystilbene compounds of resveratrol, 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene, and rhapontigenin also showed more than 50% inhibition at 100 microm on mushroom tyrosinase activity, but other methylated or glycosylated hydroxystilbenes of 3,4'-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene, trimethylresveratrol, piceid, and rhaponticin did not inhibit significantly. None of the hydroxystilbene compounds except oxyresveratrol exhibited more than 50% inhibition at 100 microm on l-tyrosine oxidation by murine tyrosinase activity; oxyresveratrol showed an IC(50) value of 52.7 microm on the enzyme activity. The kinetics and mechanism for inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase exhibited the reversibility of oxyresveratrol as a noncompetitive inhibitor with l-tyrosine as the substrate. The interaction between oxyresveratrol and tyrosinase exhibited a high affinity reflected in a K(i) value of 3.2-4.2 x 10(-7) m. Oxyresveratrol did not affect the promoter activity of the tyrosinase gene in murine melanoma B-16 at 10 and 100 microm. Therefore, the depigmenting effect of oxyresveratrol works through reversible inhibition of tyrosinase activity rather than suppression of the expression and synthesis of the enzyme. The number and position of hydroxy substituents seem to play an important role in the inhibitory effects of hydroxystilbene compounds on tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea
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Dincer B, Colak A, Aydin N, Kadioglu A, Güner S. Characterization of polyphenoloxidase from medlar fruits (Mespilus germanica L., Rosaceae). Food Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Dogan M, Arslan O, Dogan S. Substrate specificity, heat inactivation and inhibition of polyphenol oxidase from different aubergine cultivars. Int J Food Sci Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2621.2002.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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