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Hernández-García S, Guerrero-Rubio MA, Henarejos-Escudero P, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Gandía-Herrero F. Exploring in the classroom the relationship between alcohol intake and behavioral disorders through an animal model. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2024. [PMID: 38501696 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption has profound effects on behavior, such as impaired judgment, addiction or even death. It is estimated that alcohol contributes to around three million deaths worldwide, 13.5% of them in young people with ages between 20 and 39 years. Consequently, it is necessary to raise awareness among college and high school students of the risk related to alcohol drinking. The small nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an animal widely used as a model organism to study nearly all aspects of Biochemistry. It is a powerful tool to test the potential bioactivity and molecular mechanisms of natural compounds and drugs in vivo. Therefore, it is an interesting topic to include in an undergraduate course of Biotechnology, Biochemistry or Biology students among other scientific vocations. C. elegans is also used as a neurobiological model to evaluate substances´ neurotoxicity and behavioral effects. The proposed experiment introduces students to the handling of this preclinical model and to the evaluation of behavioral alterations induced by chemicals in scientific research. The effects of different doses of ethanol on C. elegans behavior are studied using a versatile chemotaxis assay. This laboratory experiment is suitable for an undergraduate course. The practical session can be used in the global strategies of information and awareness of educational centres to mitigate the impact of alcohol abuse among students, both in formal courses or in Science fairs or exhibitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Henarejos-Escudero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Marco A, Ashoo P, Hernández-García S, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Cutillas N, Vollrath A, Jordan D, Janiak C, Gandía-Herrero F, Ruiz J. Novel Re(I) Complexes as Potential Selective Theranostic Agents in Cancer Cells and In Vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans Tumoral Strains. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38451016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A series of rhenium(I) complexes of the type fac-[Re(CO)3(N^N)L]0/+, Re1-Re9, was synthesized, where N^N = benzimidazole-derived bidentate ligand with an ester functionality and L = chloride or pyridine-type ligand. The new compounds demonstrated potent activity toward ovarian A2780 cancer cells. The most active complexes, Re7-Re9, incorporating 4-NMe2py, exhibited remarkable activity in 3D HeLa spheroids. The emission in the red region of Re9, which contains an electron-deficient benzothiazole moiety, allowed its operability as a bioimaging tool for in vitro and in vivo visualization. Re9 effectivity was tested in two different C. elegans tumoral strains, JK1466 and MT2124, to broaden the oncogenic pathways studied. The results showed that Re9 was able to reduce the tumor growth in both strains by increasing the ROS production inside the cells. Moreover, the selectivity of the compound toward cancerous cells was remarkable as it did not affect neither the development nor the progeny of the nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Marco
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pezhman Ashoo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Annette Vollrath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dustin Jordan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Henarejos-Escudero P, Méndez-García FF, Hernández-García S, Martínez-Rodríguez P, Gandía-Herrero F. Design, Synthesis and Gene Modulation Insights into Pigments Derived from Tryptophan-Betaxanthin, Which Act against Tumor Development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:63. [PMID: 38203234 PMCID: PMC10778952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of betalains, which are nitrogenous plant pigments, by the food industry is widespread and reflects their safety after intake. The recent research showed outstanding results for L-tryptophan-betaxanthin, a phytochemical present in traditional Chinese medicine, as an antitumoral agent when the activity was evaluated in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, L-tryptophan-betaxanthin is now presented as a lead compound, from which eleven novel structurally related betaxanthins have been designed, biotechnologically produced, purified, and characterized. The antitumoral effect of the derived compounds was evaluated on the JK1466 tumoral strain of C. elegans. All the tested molecules significantly reduced the tumoral gonad sizes in a range between 31.4% and 43.0%. Among the novel compounds synthesized, tryptophan methyl ester-betaxanthin and tryptophan benzyl ester-betaxanthin, which are the first betalains to contain an ester group in their structures, caused tumor size reductions of 43.0% and 42.6%, respectively, after administration to the model animal. Since these were the two most effective molecules, their mechanism of action was investigated by microarray analysis. Differential gene expression analysis showed that tryptophan methyl ester-betaxanthin and tryptophan benzyl ester-betaxanthin were able to down-regulate the key genes of the mTOR pathway, such as daf-15 and rict-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (P.H.-E.); (F.F.M.-G.); (S.H.-G.); (P.M.-R.)
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Consumption of commonly used artificial food dyes increases activity and oxidative stress in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112925. [PMID: 37254351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the consumption of artificial colorants in foods and beverages has increased despite of concerns in the general population raised by studies that have shown possible injurious effects. In this study, tartrazine, sunset yellow, quinoline yellow, ponceau 4R, carmoisine and allura red were employed as pure compounds to explore their effects in vivo in the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. The exposition of C. elegans to these artificial dyes produced damage related with aging such as oxidative stress and lipofuscin accumulation, as well as a heavy shortening of lifespan, alterations in movement patterns and alterations in the production of dopamine receptors. Besides, microarray analysis performed with worms treated with tartrazine and ponceau 4R showed how the consumption of synthetic colorants is able to alter the expression of genes involved in resistance to oxidative stress and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Martínez-Rodríguez P, Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, Henarejos-Escudero P, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Characterization of betalain-loaded liposomes and its bioactive potential in vivo after ingestion. Food Chem 2023; 407:135180. [PMID: 36521390 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Betalains are plant pigments characterized by showing a wide range of beneficial properties for health. Its bioactive potential has been studied for the first time after its encapsulation in liposomes and subsequent administration to the animal model Caenorhabditis elegans. Phenylalanine-betaxanthin and indoline carboxylic acid-betacyanin encapsulated at concentrations of 25 and 500 μM managed to reduce lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the nematodes. Highly antioxidant betalains dopaxanthin and betanidin were also included in the survival analyses. The results showed that phenylalanine-betaxanthin was the most effective betalain by increasing the lifespan of C. elegans by 21.8%. In addition, the administration of encapsulated natural betanidin increased the nematodes' survival rate by up to 13.8%. The preservation of the bioactive properties of betalains manifested in this study means that the stabilization of the plant pigments through encapsulation in liposomes can be postulated as a new way for administration in pharmacological and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - M Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Paula Henarejos-Escudero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Ortega-Forte E, Hernández-García S, Vigueras G, Henarejos-Escudero P, Cutillas N, Ruiz J, Gandía-Herrero F. Potent anticancer activity of a novel iridium metallodrug via oncosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:510. [PMID: 36066676 PMCID: PMC9448686 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oncosis (from Greek ónkos, meaning "swelling") is a non-apoptotic cell death process related to energy depletion. In contrast to apoptosis, which is the main form of cell death induced by anticancer drugs, oncosis has been relatively less explored but holds potential to overcome drug resistance phenomena. In this study, we report a novel rationally designed mitochondria-targeted iridium(III) complex (OncoIr3) with advantageous properties as a bioimaging agent. OncoIr3 exhibited potent anticancer activity in vitro against cancer cells and displayed low toxicity to normal dividing cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-based assays confirmed an apoptosis-independent mechanism involving energy depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular swelling that matched with the oncotic process. Furthermore, a Caenorhabditis elegans tumoral model was developed to test this compound in vivo, which allowed us to prove a strong oncosis-derived antitumor activity in animals (with a 41% reduction of tumor area). Indeed, OncoIr3 was non-toxic to the nematodes and extended their mean lifespan by 18%. Altogether, these findings might shed new light on the development of anticancer metallodrugs with non-conventional modes of action such as oncosis, which could be of particular interest for the treatment of apoptosis-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega-Forte
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Gloria Vigueras
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Henarejos-Escudero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Cutillas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, and Murcia BioHealth Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A. Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, Spain
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Gea-González A, Hernández-García S, Henarejos-Escudero P, Martínez-Rodríguez P, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Polyphenols from traditional Chinese medicine and Mediterranean diet are effective against Aβ toxicity in vitro and in vivo in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Funct 2022; 13:1206-1217. [PMID: 35018947 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential of naturally occurring polyphenols as nutraceuticals to prevent and/or treat Alzheimer's disease is studied. Five structurally related flavones and four tyrosols were tested in vitro in human amyloid-β peptide aggregation assays. The most promising compounds were two flavones, scutellarein and baicalein, and two tyrosols hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol acetate. These compounds caused a dose-dependent reduction of Aβ-peptide aggregation up to 90% for the flavones and 100% for the tyrosols, at concentrations of 83.3 μM and 33.3 mM, respectively. The IC50 value obtained for scutellarein was 22.5 μM, and was slightly higher for baicalein, 25.9 μM, while for hydroxytyrosol and hydroxytyrosol acetate they were 0.57 mM and 0.62 mM. Given these results, the compounds were selected to conduct in vivo assays with the Caenorhabditis elegans animal model of Alzheimer's disease. The amyloid anti-aggregation ability of these polyphenols was demonstrated in in vivo aggregation assays in which 1 mM hydroxytyrosol reduced the amyloid plaques in the mutant strain CL2331 by 43%. The neuroprotective effect was evaluated in chemotaxis experiments carried out with transgenic strain CL2355 that expresses the human amyloid-β peptide in the neurons. The chemotaxis index was improved by 240% when the neuron-impaired animals were treated with 1 mM hydroxytyrosol. The results indicate that the four molecules would be viable candidates to develop nutraceuticals that interfere in amyloid-β peptide aggregation and, consequently, prevent and/or treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gea-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Paula Henarejos-Escudero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Pedro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Flavonoids' Effects on Caenorhabditis elegans' Longevity, Fat Accumulation, Stress Resistance and Gene Modulation Involve mTOR, SKN-1 and DAF-16. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030438. [PMID: 33809299 PMCID: PMC8001597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are potential nutraceutical compounds present in diary food. They are considered health-promoting compounds and promising drugs for different diseases, such as neurological and inflammatory diseases, diabetes and cancer. Therefore, toxicological and mechanistic studies should be done to assert the biological effects and identify the molecular targets of these compounds. In this work we describe the effects of six structurally-related flavonoids—baicalein, chrysin, scutellarein, 6-hydroxyflavone, 6,7-dihydroxyflavone and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone—on Caenorhabditis elegans’ lifespan and stress resistance. The results showed that chrysin, 6-hydroxyflavone and baicalein prolonged C. elegans’ lifespan by up to 8.5%, 11.8% and 18.6%, respectively. The lifespan extensions caused by these flavonoids are dependent on different signaling pathways. The results suggested that chrysin’s effects are dependent on the insulin signaling pathway via DAF-16/FOXO. Baicalein and 6-hydroxyflavone’s effects are dependent on the SKN-1/Nfr2 pathway. In addition, microarray analysis showed that baicalein downregulates important age-related genes, such as mTOR and PARP.
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Biosynthesis of a novel polymeric chitosan-betaxanthin and characterization of the first sugar-derived betalains and their effects in the in vivo model Caenorhabditis elegans. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117141. [PMID: 33183600 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Betaxanthins are nitrogenous plant pigments belonging to the family of betalains and they are known for their health-promoting effects and fluorescent properties. A novel biotechnological approach in the synthesis of these compounds has allowed the synthesis of high amounts of known betalains and of novel, tailor-made betalains through the condensation of the structural unit - betalamic acid - with amine groups of different compounds. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of chitosan-betaxanthin, the first fluorescent polymeric betaxanthin which forms nanoparticles and that might combine the fluorescent properties of betalains and the properties of chitosan, a sugar polymer widely used with medical purposes. In addition, glucosamine, the structural unit of chitosan, and its stereoisomer galactosamine were shown to condense in solution with betalamic acid. This produced novel molecules with spectral and in vivo antioxidant and anti-aging properties similar to those of biological betaxanthins, which are the first sugar-derived betaxanthins described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
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10
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Ortega E, Ballester FJ, Hernández-García A, Hernández-García S, Guerrero-Rubio MA, Bautista D, Santana MD, Gandía-Herrero F, Ruiz J. Novel organo-osmium(ii) proteosynthesis inhibitors active against human ovarian cancer cells reduce gonad tumor growth inCaenorhabditis elegans. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel Os(ii) arene complexes with a deprotonated ppy or ppy-CHO C^N ligand have been synthesized to selectively act on cancer cells as proteosynthesis inhibitorsin vitroand exert antitumor activityin vivoinC. elegansmodels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Francisco J. Ballester
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Alba Hernández-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
- Unidad Docente de Biología
- Facultad de Veterinaria
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
| | - M. Alejandra Guerrero-Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
- Unidad Docente de Biología
- Facultad de Veterinaria
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
| | | | - M. Dolores Santana
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
| | - Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A
- Unidad Docente de Biología
- Facultad de Veterinaria
- Universidad de Murcia
- E-30071 Murcia
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- and Institute for Bio-Health Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca)
- E-30071 Murcia
- Spain
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11
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, Escribano J, Jiménez-Atiénzar M, Cabanes J, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Betalain health-promoting effects after ingestion in Caenorhabditis elegans are mediated by DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factors. Food Chem 2020; 330:127228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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12
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Henarejos-Escudero P, Hernández-García S, Guerrero-Rubio MA, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Antitumoral Drug Potential of Tryptophan-Betaxanthin and Related Plant Betalains in the Caenorhabditis elegans Tumoral Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080646. [PMID: 32707947 PMCID: PMC7465535 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Betalains are plants pigments identified as potent antioxidant molecules, naturally present in foods like beetroot and prickly pears. Although activities described for betalain-containing formulations include cancer prevention and treatment, the use of extracts instead of purified pigments has avoided the investigation of the real chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic potential of these phytochemicals. Three betalain-rich extracts and six individual pure betalains were used in this work to characterize the activity and to explore possible molecular mechanisms. The animal model Caenorhabditis elegans (tumoral strain JK1466) was used to evaluate the effect of betalains as chemotherapeutics drugs. An objective evaluation method of tumor growth in C. elegans has been developed to assess the possible antitumoral activity of the different treatments. This protocol allowed a fast and reliable screening of possible antitumoral drugs. Among the betalains tested, tryptophan-betaxanthin reduced tumor size by 56.4% and prolonged the animal’s lifespan by 9.3%, indicating high effectiveness and low toxicity. Structure–activity relationships are considered. Assays with mutant strains of C. elegans showed that the mechanism underlying these effects was the modulation of the DAF-16 transcription factor and the insulin signaling pathway. Our results indicate that tryptophan-betaxanthin and related betalains are strong candidates as antitumoral molecules in cancer treatment.
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Vásquez-Garzón VR, Ramírez-Cosmes A, Reyes-Jiménez E, Carrasco-Torres G, Hernández-García S, Aguilar-Ruiz SR, Torres-Aguilar H, Alpuche J, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, Pina-Canseco S, Arellanes-Robledo J, Villa-Treviño S, Baltiérrez-Hoyos R. Liver damage in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:1503-1513. [PMID: 31312848 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an emerging disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate that is even surpassing some types of cancer. This disease has been linked to the concomitant appearance of liver cirrhosis. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a widely used mouse model that mimics the histopathological and biochemical features of human systemic sclerosis, an autoimmune disease that is associated with inflammation and expressed in several corporal systems as fibrosis or other alterations. To determine the effects on proliferation, redox and inflammation protein expression markers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Analyses showed a significant increase in protein oxidation levels by lipoperoxidation bio-products and in proliferation and inflammation processes. These phenomena were associated with the induction of the redox status in mice subjected to 100 U/kg bleomycin. These findings clearly show that the bleomycin model induces histopathological alterations in the liver and partially reproduces the complexity of systemic sclerosis. Our results using the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model provide a protocol to investigate the mechanism underlying the molecular alteration found in the liver linked to systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Vásquez-Garzón
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | - A Ramírez-Cosmes
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | - E Reyes-Jiménez
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | - G Carrasco-Torres
- CINVESTAV, Programa de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - S R Aguilar-Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | - H Torres-Aguilar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | - J Alpuche
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | | | - S Pina-Canseco
- Centro de Investigación Facultad de Medicina, UNAM-UABJO, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico
| | | | - S Villa-Treviño
- CINVESTAV, Departamento de Biología Celular, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - R Baltiérrez-Hoyos
- CONACYT-Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Oax, Mexico.
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Guerrero-Rubio MA, Hernández-García S, García-Carmona F, Gandía-Herrero F. Extension of life-span using a RNAi model and in vivo antioxidant effect of Opuntia fruit extracts and pure betalains in Caenorhabditis elegans. Food Chem 2019; 274:840-847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Matencio A, Hernández-García S, García-Carmona F, López-Nicolás JM. An integral study of cyclodextrins as solubility enhancers of α-methylstilbene, a resveratrol analogue. Food Funct 2018; 8:270-277. [PMID: 28001156 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
trans-α-Methylstilbene (tMS), a resveratrol analogue, has recently been studied in a search for new bioactivities. However, such studies do not take into account that the poor solubility of tMS in aqueous solutions could affect its bioactivity. For this reason, we propose, for the first time, using cyclodextrins (CDs) as solubilizers to increase tMS solubility, in aqueous solutions. The HPLC-RP results obtained, point to a 1 : 1 stoichiometry for all the natural (α-, β- and γ-CD) and modified (HPβCD and MβCD) CDs tested. The KFapp (apparent formation constant) for the tMS-CD complexes was seen to be closely dependent on several factors, including the temperature and type of CD. Indeed, the highest KFapp value was obtained for MβCD, while the KFapp decreased with increasing temperature. In addition, the results showed negative entropy (-8.86 × 10-3 ± 0.40 kJ mol-1 K-1) and enthalpy (-16.70 ± 0.98 kJ mol-1) changes and a negative Gibbs free energy value at 25 °C (-14.00 ± 0.55 kJ mol-1) for the encapsulation process. A computational study carried out using molecular docking calculations showed a high degree of correlation between the computed scores and experimental values. Finally, the complexation of trans-stilbene and pinosylvin with HPβCD was compared with tMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Matencio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Samanta Hernández-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
| | - José Manuel López-Nicolás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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Hernández-García S, García-García MI, García-Carmona F. An improved method to measure lipase activity in aqueous media. Anal Biochem 2017; 530:104-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hernández-García S, García-García MI, García-Carmona F. Improving the production, activity, and stability of CLEAs with diepoxides. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:1425-1429. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Hernández-García
- Faculty of Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia; Campus Espinardo, Murcia E-30100 Spain
| | - María Inmaculada García-García
- Faculty of Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia; Campus Espinardo, Murcia E-30100 Spain
| | - Francisco García-Carmona
- Faculty of Biology, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A; Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia; Campus Espinardo, Murcia E-30100 Spain
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Hernández-García S, García-García MI, García-Carmona F. Purification, Immobilization and Characterization of Lipase Isoenzyme from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> with C8 Magnetic Particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2014.57075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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García-García MI, Hernández-García S, Sánchez-Ferrer Á, García-Carmona F. Kinetic study of hydroxytyrosol oxidation and its related compounds by Red Globe grape polyphenol oxidase. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6050-6055. [PMID: 23725049 DOI: 10.1021/jf4009422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Red Globe grape polyphenol oxidase, partially purified using phase partitioning with Triton-X114, was used to study the oxidation of hydroxytytosol (HT) and its related compounds tyrosol (TS), tyrosol acetate (TSA), and hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTA). The enzyme showed activity toward both monophenols (monophenolase activity) and o-diphenols (diphenolase activity) with a pH optimum (pH 6.5) that was independent of the phenol used. However, the optimal temperature for diphenolase activity was substrate-dependent, with a broad optimum of 25-65 °C for HT, compared with the maximum obtained for HTA (40 °C). Monophenolase activity showed the typical lag period, which was modulated by pH, substrate and enzyme concentrations, and the presence of catalytic amounts of o-diphenols. When the catalytic power (Vmax/K(M)) was determined for both activities, higher values were observed for o-diphenols than for monophenols: 9-fold higher for the HT/TS pair and 4-fold higher for HTA/TSA pair. Surprisingly, this ratio was equally higher for TSA (2.2-fold) compared with that of TS, whereas no such effect was observed for o-diphenols. This higher efficiency of TSA could be related to its greater hydrophobicity. Acetyl modification of these phenols not only changes the kinetic parameters of the enzyme but also affects their antioxidant activity (ORAC-FL assays), which is lower in HTA than in HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inmaculada García-García
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia , Campus Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Plaja-Martí IA, Hernández-García S, Arteche-Andrés A, Ortiz-Gómez JR. [Anesthetic management of a giant abdominal tumoral mass]. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim 2010; 57:389-390. [PMID: 20645495 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-9356(10)70257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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21
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Barajas-Farias LM, Pérez-Carreón JI, Arce-Popoca E, Fattel-Fazenda S, Alemán-Lazarini L, Hernández-García S, Salcido-Neyoy M, Cruz-Jiménez FG, Camacho J, Villa-Treviño S. A dual and opposite effect of Calendula officinalis flower extract: chemoprotector and promoter in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Planta Med 2006; 72:217-21. [PMID: 16534725 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-916196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Calendula officinalis extracts have protective and cytotoxic effects. We previously reported the dual activity of C. officinalis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine. At nM concentrations it was anti-genotoxic while at microM concentrations it exhibited genotoxic effects. Here we tested the activity of Calendula officinalis in vivo in male Fischer 344 rats initiated with N-nitrosodiethylamine, promoted with 2-acetylaminofluorene, and 70 % partially hepatectomized. Liver gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase positively altered hepatocyte foci 25 days after initiation were our end point. The protective effect of C. officinalis started at 0.1 mg/kg concentration, increased at 0.5 mg/kg and reached its maximum at 2.5 mg/kg, when it decreased the area and number of altered foci by 55 % and 49 %, respectively, in comparison with rats treated only with carcinogen. At 5 mg/kg the number and area of altered hepatocyte foci were still lower, but almost reached the figures of carcinogen-treated rats. Ten and 20 mg/kg doses produced a notorious increment in the area and number of altered hepatic foci, and at 40 mg/kg of extract the increment was 40 % and 53 %, respectively. Additionally, when 2-acetylaminofluorene was substituted by a 40 mg/kg C. officinalis extract, a promoting effect was observed with increments of 175 % and 266 % in area and number of altered hepatocyte foci with respect to controls. When N-nitrosodiethylamine was substituted by 40 mg/kg of extract, the latter did not show initiator activity. In summary, we showed a protecting activity of C. officinalis at low doses, but doses above 10 mg/kg increased altered hepatocyte foci. This dual effect is an example of the phenomenon of hormesis. Furthermore, 40 mg/kg of dry weight extract administered instead of 2-acetylaminofluorene induced a clear promoting activity. These in vivo results are similar and consistent with those reported by us in primary rat liver cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Barajas-Farias
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), San Pedro Zacatenco, CP, México
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