1
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Krawczyk H. Dibenzo[ b,f]oxepine Molecules Used in Biological Systems and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12066. [PMID: 37569442 PMCID: PMC10418896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this short review, including 113 references, issues related to dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives are presented. Dibenzo[b,f]oxepine scaffold is an important framework in medicinal chemistry, and its derivatives occur in several medicinally relevant plants. At the same time, the structure, production, and therapeutic effects of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines have not been extensively discussed thus far and are presented in this review. This manuscript addresses the following issues: extracting dibenzo[b,f]oxepines from plants and its significance in medicine, the biosynthesis of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines, the active synthetic dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives, the potential of dibenzo[b,f]oxepines as microtubule inhibitors, and perspective for applications of dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives. In conclusion, this review describes studies on various structural features and pharmacological actions of dibenzo[b,f]oxepine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Discovery of new chemotypes of dual 5-HT 2A/D 2 receptor antagonists with a strategy of drug design methodologies. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:963-989. [PMID: 35674007 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Through the application of structure- and ligand-based methods, the authors aimed to create an integrative approach to developing a computational protocol for the rational drug design of potent dual 5-HT2A/D2 receptor antagonists without off-target activities on H1 receptors. Materials & methods: Molecular dynamics and virtual docking methods were used to identify key interactions of the structurally diverse antagonists in the binding sites of the studied targets, and to generate their bioactive conformations for further 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling. Results & conclusion: Toward the goal of finding multi-potent drugs with a more effective and safer profile, the obtained results led to the design of a new set of dual antagonists and opened a new perspective on the therapy for complex brain diseases.
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4
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Taweesak P, Thongaram P, Kraikruan P, Thanetchaiyakup A, Chuanopparat N, Hsieh HP, Uang BJ, Ngernmeesri P. One-Pot Synthesis of Dibenzo[ b, f]oxepines and Total Synthesis of Bauhinoxepin C. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1955-1963. [PMID: 33400878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel and simple one-pot synthesis of substituted dibenzo[b,f]oxepines under transition-metal-free conditions. This cascade process involves nucleophilic aromatic substitution followed by Knoevanagel condensation, as evidenced by the isolated reaction intermediates. We have also achieved the synthesis of anticancer bauhinoxepin C in 7 steps with 5.1% overall yield using this synthetic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pondpavee Taweesak
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Phanida Thongaram
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Panitan Kraikruan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Adisak Thanetchaiyakup
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nutthawat Chuanopparat
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Hsing-Pang Hsieh
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, 35053, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Biing-Jiun Uang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Paiboon Ngernmeesri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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5
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Ghosh A, Chattopadhyay SK. Microwave-mediated Synthesis of Medium Ring-sized Heterocyclic Compounds. CURRENT MICROWAVE CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2213335607666200226101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many medium ring-sized heterocyclic motifs are found in naturally occurring compounds
of significant biological activity which led to the investigation of the biological activity of simpler
heterocyclic compounds accommodating these ring systems. Therefore, the development of newer
synthetic methodologies to access such ring systems has remained an important activity over the last
few decades. However, common methods of their synthesis are usually associated with thermodynamic
disadvantages. Many metal-mediated transformations e.g., Heck reaction, Suzuki reaction, etc.
tend to overcome some of these effects but at the cost of environmental disadvantages. In recent
years, several green chemical techniques have found useful applications in the synthesis of such ring
systems. In particular, the use of microwave technology has provided better opportunities. The present
review attempts to highlight many synthetic approaches developed for the synthesis of such heterocyclic
scaffolds of pharmacological interest involving condensation reaction, coupling reaction,
Multi-component reaction, Cyclo-addition reaction, Dipolar cycloaddition reaction, etc. An emphasis
has also been given on the distinct advantages offered by microwave application over classical approaches,
wherever such knowledge is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
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6
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Yan F, Liang H, Ai B, Liang W, Jiao L, Yao S, Zhao P, Liu Q, Dong Y, Liu H. Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition with (Z)-3-iodo allylic nucleophiles and allenamides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2651-2656. [PMID: 30778484 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob03072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly chemo- and regioselective [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition of (Z)-3-iodo allylic nucleophiles and allenamides catalyzed by palladium is reported. The methodology proceeds under mild reaction conditions and is tolerant of alkyl and aryl functional groups. The SN2' substitution at the proximal C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond performed against the Heck or SN2 pathway delivered a variety of 2-amino-dihydropyrans and 2-amino-tetrahydropiperidines in moderate to satisfactory yields. The [4 + 2] formal cycloaddition derivatives are convertible to interesting scaffolds 2,6,7,7a-tetrahydropyrano[2,3-b]pyrrole and 2,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives via ring-closing metathesis (RCM) with Grubbs catalyst II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fachao Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China.
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7
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Chung JY, Schulz C, Bauer H, Sun Y, Sitzmann H, Auerbach H, Pierik AJ, Schünemann V, Neuba A, Thiel WR. Cyclopentadienide Ligand CpC– Possessing Intrinsic Helical Chirality and Its Ferrocene Analogues. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Chung
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Heiko Bauer
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Yu Sun
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Helmut Sitzmann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hendrik Auerbach
- Fachbereich
Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Antonio J. Pierik
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Fachbereich
Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Department
Chemie, Universität Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Werner R. Thiel
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße
54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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8
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG. Synthesis of new seven-membered benzo-fused heterocyclic ortho-dicarbonitriles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015050188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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New short strategy for the synthesis of the dibenz[b,f]oxepin scaffold. Molecules 2013; 18:14797-806. [PMID: 24352054 PMCID: PMC6270238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report a short and efficient synthesis of the dibenz[b,f]oxepin framework through intramolecular SNAr and McMurry reactions is described. The diaryl ethers required for the McMurry reaction have been obtained in good yields under microwave-assisted conditions of the reaction of salicylaldehydes with fluorobenzaldehydes without catalysts. Application of an intramolecular McMurry reaction to the synthesized diarylethers using TiCl4/Zn in THF gave the target dibenzo[b,f]oxepin system in 53%-55% yields.
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10
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11
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Cheng J, Tang X, Ma S. Highly Selective FeCl3-Catalyzed Cyclization of β-Sulfonamidoallenes or β-Allenols and Aldehydes. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs300838k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- State Key Laboratory
of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032,
People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green
Chemistry and Chemical Process, Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan
Road, Shanghai 200062, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Luo J, Xu X, Mao R, Miao Q. Curved Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules That Are π-Isoelectronic to Hexabenzocoronene. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13796-803. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3054354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Luo
- Department of Chemistry,
The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Chemistry,
The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Renxin Mao
- Department of Chemistry,
The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong,
China
| | - Qian Miao
- Department of Chemistry,
The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong,
China
- Institute of Molecular
Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee),
Hong Kong, China
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13
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Cheng J, Tang X, Yu Y, Ma S. FeCl3-catalyzed cyclization of α-sulfonamido-allenes with aldehydes—the substituent effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:12074-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Lucini V, Pannacci M, Scaglione F, Fraschini F, Rivara S, Mor M, Bordi F, Plazzi PV, Spadoni G, Bedini A, Piersanti G, Diamantini G, Tarzia G. Tricyclic alkylamides as melatonin receptor ligands with antagonist or inverse agonist activity. J Med Chem 2004; 47:4202-12. [PMID: 15293992 DOI: 10.1021/jm040768k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the design and synthesis of novel alkylamides, characterized by a dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene nucleus, as melatonin (MLT) receptor ligands. The tricyclic scaffold was chosen on the basis of previous quantitative structure-activity studies on MT1 and MT2 antagonists, relating selective MT2 antagonism to the presence of an aromatic substituent out of the plane of the MLT indole ring. Some dibenzo seven-membered structures were thus selected because of the noncoplanar arrangement of their benzene rings, and an alkylamide chain was introduced to fit the requirements for MLT receptor binding, namely, dibenzocycloheptenes with an acylaminoalkyl side chain at position 10 and dibenzoazepines with this side chain originating from the nitrogen atom bridging the two phenyl rings. Binding affinity at human cloned MT1 and MT2 receptors was measured by 2-[125I]iodomelatonin displacement assay and intrinsic activity by the GTPgammaS test. The majority of the compounds were characterized by higher affinity at the MT2 than at the MT1 receptor and by very low intrinsic activity values, thus confirming the importance of the noncoplanar arrangement of the two aromatic rings for selective MT2 antagonism. Dibenzocycloheptenes generally displayed higher MT1 and MT 2affinity than dibenzoazepines. N-(8-Methoxy-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-10-ylmethyl)propionamide (4c) and -butyramide (4d) were the most selective MT2 receptor antagonists of the series, with MT2 receptor affinity comparable to that of melatonin and as such among the highest reported in the literature for MLT receptor antagonists. The acetamide derivative 4b produced a noticeable reduction of GTPgammaS binding at MT2 receptor, thus being among the few inverse agonists described.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive
- Cells, Cultured
- Dibenzocycloheptenes/chemical synthesis
- Dibenzocycloheptenes/chemistry
- Dibenzocycloheptenes/pharmacology
- Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/metabolism
- Humans
- Ligands
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Polyunsaturated Alkamides
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/agonists
- Receptor, Melatonin, MT2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lucini
- Dipartimento di Farmacologia, Chemioterapia e Tossicologia Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
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15
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Olivera R, Sanmartin R, Churruca F, Domínguez E. DIBENZO[bf]OXEPINES: SYNTHESES AND APPLICATIONS. A REVIEW. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00304940409458673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Campiani G, Butini S, Fattorusso C, Catalanotti B, Gemma S, Nacci V, Morelli E, Cagnotto A, Mereghetti I, Mennini T, Carli M, Minetti P, Di Cesare MA, Mastroianni D, Scafetta N, Galletti B, Stasi MA, Castorina M, Pacifici L, Vertechy M, Di Serio S, Ghirardi O, Tinti O, Carminati P. Pyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine-Based Serotonin and Dopamine Receptor Antagonists. Molecular Modeling, Further Structure−Activity Relationship Studies, and Identification of Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Agents. J Med Chem 2003; 47:143-57. [PMID: 14695828 DOI: 10.1021/jm0309811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently we reported the pharmacological characterization of the 9,10-dihydropyrrolo[1,3]benzothiazepine derivative (S)-(+)-8 as a novel atypical antipsychotic agent. This compound had an optimum pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio of 1.21 (pK(i) 5-HT(2A) = 8.83; pK(i) D(2) = 7.79). The lower D(2) receptor affinity of (S)-(+)-8 compared to its enantiomer was explained by the difficulty in reaching the conformation required to optimally fulfill the D(2) pharmacophore. With the aim of finding novel atypical antipsychotics we further investigated the core structure of (S)-(+)-8, synthesizing analogues with specific substituents; the structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was also expanded with the design and synthesis of other analogues characterized by a pyrrolo[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazepine skeleton, substituted on the benzo-fused ring or on the pyrrole system. On the 9,10-dihydro analogues the substituents introduced on the pyrrole ring were detrimental to affinity for dopamine and for 5-HT(2A) receptors, but the introduction of a double bond at C-9/10 on the structure of (S)-(+)-8 led to a potent D(2)/5-HT(2A) receptor ligand with a typical binding profile (9f, pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratio of 1.01, log Y = 8.43). Then, to reduce D(2) receptor affinity and restore atypicality on unsaturated analogues, we exploited the effect of specific substitutions on the tricyclic system of 9f. Through a molecular modeling approach we generated a novel series of potential atypical antipsychotic agents, with optimized 5HT(2A)/D(2) receptor affinity ratios and that were easier to synthesize and purify than the reference compound (S)-(+)-8. A number of SAR trends were identified, and among the analogues synthesized and tested in binding assays, 9d and 9m were identified as the most interesting, giving atypical log Y scores respectively 4.98 and 3.18 (pK(i) 5-HT(2A)/D(2) ratios of 1.20 and 1.30, respectively). They had a multireceptor affinity profile and could be promising atypical agents. Compound 9d, whose synthesis is easier and whose binding profile is atypical (log Y score similar to that of olanzapine, 3.89), was selected for further biological investigation. Pharmacological and biochemical studies confirmed an atypical antipsychotic profile in vivo. The compound was active on conditioned avoidance response at 1.1 mg/kg, a dose 100-times lower than that required to cause catalepsy (ED(50) >90 mg/kg), it induced a negligible increase of prolactin serum levels after single and multiple doses, and antagonized the cognitive impairment induced by phencyclidine. In conclusion, the pharmacological profile of 9d proved better than clozapine and olanzapine, making this compound a potential clinical candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Avoidance Learning/drug effects
- Benzothiepins/chemical synthesis
- Benzothiepins/chemistry
- Benzothiepins/pharmacology
- Catalepsy/chemically induced
- Cognition Disorders/chemically induced
- Cognition Disorders/drug therapy
- Dopamine Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Dopamine Antagonists/chemistry
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/physiology
- Prolactin/metabolism
- Pyrroles/chemical synthesis
- Pyrroles/chemistry
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Thiazepines/chemical synthesis
- Thiazepines/chemistry
- Thiazepines/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Campiani
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Universitá degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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17
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Liégeois JF, Eyrolles L, Ellenbroek BA, Lejeune C, Carato P, Bruhwyler J, Géczy J, Damas J, Delarge J. New pyridobenzodiazepine derivatives: modifications of the basic side chain differentially modulate binding to dopamine (D(4.2), D(2L)) and serotonin (5-HT(2A)) receptors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:5136-49. [PMID: 12408724 DOI: 10.1021/jm0104825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of new pyridobenzodiazepines with variation of the basic side chain were synthesized and evaluated for their binding to D(4.2), D(2L), and 5-HT(2A) receptors in comparison with clozapine, haloperidol, and two parent compounds previously described, 8-chloro-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine (8) and 8-methyl-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine (9). In the piperazine series, replacing the N-methyl group by a N-phenyl moiety (15-17, 30-32) provided a dramatic decrease of affinity for all receptors (K(i) > 1000 nM). A N-cyclohexyl group (20, 35) restored some affinity. Compounds with a N-benzyl (18, 33) or N-phenethyl side chain (19, 34) had significant affinities at D(4.2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Homologation of the piperazine nucleus (29, 44) led to a significant decrease of the affinity at all receptors investigated. In the 4-aminopiperidine series, N-methyl derivatives (21, 36) possessed less affinity in comparison with the N-methylpiperazine analogues (8, 9) while the N-benzyl congeners (22, 37) showed similar affinities. The rigidification of piperidine nucleus as obtained in azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives (23, 38) involved a slight reduction of the affinity at D(4.2) and 5-HT(2A) receptors while the affinity at D(2L) receptors was dramatically increased. The introduction of N-substituted aminoalkylamines to replace N-methylpiperazine generally led to a significant decrease in the affinity for D(4.2) receptors but some of these molecules (24, 25, 41) presented a significant 5-HT(2A) binding affinity. The presence of a more flexible side chain induced an increased conformational freedom. Consequently, the preferential position of the distal nitrogen or its basicity in piperazine derivatives was greatly modified. 19 with a high D(4.2) and 5-HT(2A) affinity (K(i) = 40 and 103 nM, respectively) did not induce cataleptic phenomenon in the paw test in rats but significantly reduced the immobility time in Porsolt's test in mice suggesting antidepressant properties.
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MESH Headings
- Amines/chemical synthesis
- Amines/chemistry
- Amines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antidepressive Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antidepressive Agents/chemistry
- Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology
- Benzodiazepines/chemical synthesis
- Benzodiazepines/chemistry
- Benzodiazepines/pharmacology
- Catalepsy/chemically induced
- Cell Line
- Dopamine Agents/chemical synthesis
- Dopamine Agents/chemistry
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Molecular Conformation
- Piperazines/chemical synthesis
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperidines/chemical synthesis
- Piperidines/chemistry
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D4
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Agents/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Agents/chemistry
- Serotonin Agents/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Liégeois
- Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Center, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 1 (B36), Belgium.
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Tehan BG, Lloyd EJ, Wong MG. Molecular field analysis of clozapine analogs in the development of a pharmacophore model of antipsychotic drug action. J Mol Graph Model 2002; 19:417-26, 468. [PMID: 11552690 DOI: 10.1016/s1093-3263(00)00101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to elucidate some aspects of clozapine's favorable receptor binding profile, we modeled a series of 30 clozapine analogs using a pharmacophore based on the ligands octoclothepin and tefludazine. Molecular field analysis using CoMFA combined with HINT was carried out on published D2 receptor binding affinities. Several alternative alignments of the analogs gave r2 values in the range of 0.8-0.95. The final model had good predictive abilities with q2 > 0.6 and r2 > 0.9. This provides an excellent framework to aid in the design of novel antipsychotics with diminished propensity to produce clinically limiting side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Tehan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Australia
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Mabic S, Rimoldi JM, Castagnoli N. Regioselective deuterium labeling of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199705)39:5<409::aid-jlcr989>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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21
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Joseph B, Cornec O, Mérour JY, Solans X, Font-Bardia M. Synthesis of 6,7-dihydrobenzo[4,5]cyclohept-[1,2-b]indol-12(5H)-one and related compounds. J Heterocycl Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570340229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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