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Zarin MKZ, Dehaen W, Salehi P, Asl AAB. Synthesis and Modification of Morphine and Codeine, Leading to Diverse Libraries with Improved Pain Relief Properties. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1779. [PMID: 37376226 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine and codeine, two of the most common opioids, are widely used in the clinic for different types of pain. Morphine is one of the most potent agonists for the μ-opioid receptor, leading to the strongest analgesic effect. However, due to their association with serious side effects such as respiratory depression, constriction, euphoria, and addiction, it is necessary for derivatives of morphine and codeine to be developed to overcome such drawbacks. The development of analgesics based on the opiate structure that can be safe, orally active, and non-addictive is one of the important fields in medicinal chemistry. Over the years, morphine and codeine have undergone many structural changes. The biological investigation of semi-synthetic derivatives of both morphine and codeine, especially morphine, shows that studies on these structures are still significant for the development of potent opioid antagonists and agonists. In this review, we summarize several decade-long attempts to synthesize new analogues of morphine and codeine. Our summary placed a focus on synthetic derivatives derived from ring A (positions 1, 2, and 3), ring C (position 6), and N-17 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kamelan Zargar Zarin
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Bahmani Asl
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran 1983963113, Iran
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2
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and preliminary mechanisms of 6-amino substituted harmine derivatives as potential antitumor agents. Fitoterapia 2022; 163:105329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Ahonen TJ, Rinne M, Grutschreiber P, Mätlik K, Airavaara M, Schaarschmidt D, Lang H, Reiss D, Xhaard H, Gaveriaux-Ruff C, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Moreira VM. Synthesis of 7β-hydroxy-8-ketone opioid derivatives with antagonist activity at mu- and delta-opioid receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:495-507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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4
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Li F, Cheng K, Antoline JFG, Iyer MR, Matyas GR, Torres OB, Jalah R, Beck Z, Alving CR, Parrish DA, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis and immunological effects of heroin vaccines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7211-32. [PMID: 24995943 PMCID: PMC4146676 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three haptens have been synthesized with linkers for attachment to carrier macromolecules at either the piperidino-nitrogen or via an introduced 3-amino group. Two of the haptens, with a 2-oxopropyl functionality at either C6, or at both the C3 and C6 positions on the 4,5-epoxymorphinan framework, as well as the third hapten (DiAmHap) with diamido moieties at both the C3 and C6 positions, should be much more stable in solution, or in vivo in a vaccine, than a hapten with an ester in one of those positions, as found in many heroin-based haptens. A "classical" opioid synthetic scheme enabled the formation of a 3-amino-4,5-epoxymorphinan which could not be obtained using palladium chemistry. Our vaccines are aimed at the reduction of the abuse of heroin and, as well, at the reduction of the effects of its predominant metabolites, 6-acetylmorphine and morphine. One of the haptens, DiAmHap, has given interesting results in a heroin vaccine and is clearly more suited for the purpose than the other two haptens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Li
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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5
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Bremer PT, Janda KD. Investigating the effects of a hydrolytically stable hapten and a Th1 adjuvant on heroin vaccine performance. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10776-80. [PMID: 23134263 DOI: 10.1021/jm301262z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We challenged the performance of our previous heroin vaccine with a similar vaccine containing a more hydrolytically stable hapten analogue and a Th1 adjuvant (CpG ODN). Our results indicate that the elements of our previous vaccine are essential for its anti-heroin potency, i.e., a chemically labile hapten and an exclusively Th2 humoral response elicited by alum. Such design elements are critical for producing next-generation heroin vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Bremer
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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6
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Neumeyer JL, Zhang B, Zhang T, Sromek AW, Knapp BI, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. Synthesis, binding affinity, and functional in vitro activity of 3-benzylaminomorphinan and 3-benzylaminomorphine ligands at opioid receptors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3878-90. [PMID: 22439881 PMCID: PMC3375359 DOI: 10.1021/jm3001086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphinan (I) and 3-benzylamino-3-desoxymorphine (II) derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities, and functional activity data are presented at MOR, KOR, and DOR. Some of these ligands were found to have high binding affinity at MOR and KOR and displayed increased selectivity at MOR over KOR and DOR compared to butorphan or cyclorphan. The most selective compound, 3-(3'-hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-methylmorphinan (4g) (24-fold MOR to KOR and 1700-fold MOR to DOR) also showed high binding affinity (0.42 nM to MOR) and was a full agonist in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay. 2-(3'-Hydroxybenzyl)amino-17-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan (17) was found to be a KOR-selective ligand (150-fold over MOR and >10000-fold over the DORs). Most 3-benzylaminomorphinan derivatives were partial agonists at MOR and full agonists at KOR in the [(35)S]GTPγS binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478-9106, USA.
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7
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Andersson M, Janosik T, Shirani H, Slätt J, Fischer A, Beck O. Synthesis and bioanalytical evaluation of morphine-3-O-sulfate and morphine-6-O-sulfate in human urine and plasma using LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:367-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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9
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Decker M, Si YG, Knapp BI, Bidlack JM, Neumeyer JL. Synthesis and opioid receptor binding affinities of 2-substituted and 3-aminomorphinans: ligands for mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:402-18. [PMID: 19928862 PMCID: PMC2814335 DOI: 10.1021/jm9013482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phenolic group of the potent mu and kappa opioid morphinan agonist/antagonists cyclorphan and butorphan was replaced by phenylamino and benzylamino groups including compounds with para-substituents in the benzene ring. These compounds are highly potent mu and kappa ligands, e.g., p-methoxyphenylaminocyclorphan showing a K(i) of 0.026 nM at the mu receptor and a K(i) of 0.03 nM at the kappa receptor. Phenyl carbamates and phenylureas were synthesized and investigated. Selective o-formylation of butorphan and levorphanol was achieved. This reaction opened the way to a large set of 2-substituted 3-hydroxymorphinans, including 2-hydroxymethyl-, 2-aminomethyl-, and N-substituted 2-aminomethyl-3-hydroxymorphinans. Bivalent ligands bridged in the 2-position were also synthesized and connected with secondary and tertiary aminomethyl groups, amide bonds, and hydroxymethylene groups, respectively. Although most of the 2-substituted morphinans showed considerably lower affinities compared to their parent compounds, the bivalent ligand approach led to significantly higher affinities compared to the univalent 2-substituted morphinans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Decker
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106 USA
| | - Yu-Gui Si
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106 USA
| | - Brian I. Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jean M. Bidlack
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Alcohol & Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478-9106 USA
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10
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Wentland MP, Lou R, Lu Q, Bu Y, Denhardt C, Jin J, Ganorkar R, VanAlstine MA, Guo C, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. Syntheses of novel high affinity ligands for opioid receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2289-94. [PMID: 19282177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel high affinity opioid receptor ligands have been made whereby the phenolic-OH group of nalbuphine, naltrexone methiodide, 6-desoxonaltrexone, hydromorphone and naltrindole was replaced by a carboxamido group and the furan ring was opened to the corresponding 4-OH derivatives. These furan ring 'open' derivatives display very high affinity for mu and kappa receptors and much less affinity for delta. The observation that these target compounds have much higher receptor affinity than the corresponding ring 'closed' carboxamides significantly strengthens our underlying pharmacophore hypothesis concerning the bioactive conformation of the carboxamide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Wentland
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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11
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Chapter 14 Industrial scale palladium chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1460-1567(07)80063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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12
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Kuz’mina NE, Osipova ES, Kuz’min VS, Sitnikov VB. Effect of the tyramine fragment of opioid receptor ligands on their agonist and antagonist properties. Pharm Chem J 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-006-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Poisnel G, Quentin T, Barré L, Coquerel A, Debruyne D. Competitive displacement binding assay on rat brain sections and using a beta-imager: application to mu-opioid ligands. J Neurosci Methods 2006; 154:60-7. [PMID: 16423409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A new approach of competitive displacement binding assay using brain sections and a beta-imager is presented to estimate binding parameters such as affinity and selectivity of new compounds or to characterize receptor families or subtypes of receptors in small brain regions. This method includes a preliminary saturation assay intended to define the optimal concentration of displaceable radio-labeled ligand followed by the determination of displacement constants (IC(50) and K(i)) in cerebral regions rich in studied receptor. The technique application was demonstrated in seven rat brain structures, using displacement of the selective tritiated mu-opioid ligand [(3)H]-DAMGO by six opioid ligands: a specific agonist (DAMGO), less specific agonists (morphine, remifentanil), a non-specific antagonist with good affinity for mu receptors (naloxone) and ligands specific of other opioid subtypes (naltrindole, U50.488). Radioactivity counts were collected during 48 h. The assay-validation was performed by measuring intra- and inter-assay variation on determinations and by comparing presently obtained K(i) values with data from recognised methodologies. Both prove the accuracy of the proposed method.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacokinetics
- Animals
- Autoradiography/methods
- Beta Particles
- Binding, Competitive
- Brain/metabolism
- Diagnostic Imaging/methods
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacokinetics
- Histocytochemistry
- Isotope Labeling
- Kinetics
- Ligands
- Male
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Tritium
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Poisnel
- UMR CEA-2-FRE-CNRS 2698 Research group, Center Cyceron, Caen, France.
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14
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15
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Schlummer B, Scholz U. Palladium-Catalyzed CN and CO Coupling-A Practical Guide from an Industrial Vantage Point†. Adv Synth Catal 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200404216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Zhang A, Xiong W, Hilbert JE, DeVita EK, Bidlack JM, Neumeyer JL. 2-aminothiazole-derived opioids. Bioisosteric replacement of phenols. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1886-8. [PMID: 15055988 DOI: 10.1021/jm049978n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of aminothiazole-derived morphinans, benzomorphans, and morphine were synthesized. Although their affinities were somewhat lower than their phenol prototypes, one compound (9a, ATPM) has been identified possessing high affinity and selectivity at the kappa receptor. Functional assays showed that 9a was a full kappa but partial mu agonist; the efficacy at kappa was significantly greater than at mu receptors. This novel compound may be valuable for the development of long-acting analgesics and drug abuse medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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17
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Neumeyer JL, Zhang A, Xiong W, Gu XH, Hilbert JE, Knapp BI, Negus SS, Mello NK, Bidlack JM. Design and Synthesis of Novel Dimeric Morphinan Ligands for κ and μ Opioid Receptors. J Med Chem 2003; 46:5162-70. [PMID: 14613319 DOI: 10.1021/jm030139v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of morphinans were synthesized, and their binding affinity at and functional selectivity for micro, delta, and kappa opioid receptors were evaluated. These dimeric ligands can be viewed as dimeric morphinans, which were formed by coupling two identical morphinan pharmacophores (cyclorphan (1) or MCL 101 (2)) with varying connecting spacers. Ligands 6 and 7 with alkyl spacers on the nitrogen position and ligands 8 and 9 in which the two morphinan pharmacophores were coupled by ether moieties at the 3-hydroxyl positions showed significant decrease in affinity at all three opioid receptors. An improvement in the affinity was achieved by introducing an ester moiety as the spacer in the dimeric morphinans. It was observed that the affinity of these ligands was sensitive to the character and length of the spacer. Compound 13 (MCL-139) with a 4-carbon ester spacer, compound 17 (MCL-144) containing a 10-carbon spacer, and compound 19 (MCL-145) with the conformationally constrained fumaryl spacer were the most potent ligands in this series, displaying excellent affinities at micro and kappa receptors (K(i) = 0.09-0.2 nM at micro and K(i) = 0.078-0.049 nM at kappa), which were comparable to the parent compound 2. Ligand 12, a compound containing only one morphinan pharmacophore and a long-chain ester group, had affinity at both micro and kappa receptors almost identical to that of the parent ligand 2. In the [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding assay, ligands 13, 17, and 19 and their parent morphinans 1 and 2 stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding mediated by the micro and kappa receptors. Compounds 13 and 17 were full kappa agonists and partial micro agonists, while compound 19 was a partial agonist at both micro and kappa receptors. These novel ligands, as well as their interesting pharmacological properties, will serve as the basis for our continuing investigation of the dimeric ligands as potential probes for the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse and may also open new avenues for the characterization of opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Neumeyer
- Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA.
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18
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Wentland MP, Ye Y, Cioffi CL, Lou R, Zhou Q, Xu G, Duan W, Dehnhardt CM, Sun X, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. Syntheses and opioid receptor binding affinities of 8-amino-2,6-methano-3-benzazocines. J Med Chem 2003; 46:838-49. [PMID: 12593663 DOI: 10.1021/jm020429w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
8-Amino-2,6-methano-3-benzazocine derivatives have been made using Pd-catalyzed amination procedures, and their affinities for opioid receptors were assessed. The 8-amino group was hypothesized to be a replacement for the prototypic 8-OH substituent for 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines and related opiates. This OH group is generally required for binding yet is implicated in unfavorable pharmacokinetic characteristics such as low oral bioavailability and rapid clearance via O-glucuronidation. The core structures in which the 8-OH group was replaced were cyclazocine and its enantiomers, ethylketocyclazocine and its enantiomers, ketocyclazocine, and Mr2034. Many new analogues had high affinity for opioid receptors with several in the subnanomolar range. Highest affinity was seen in analogues with secondary 8-(hetero)arylamino appendages. Binding to opioid receptors was enantioselective with the (2R,6R,11R)-configuration preferred and high selectivity for mu and kappa over delta opioid receptors was observed within the series. Several derivatives were shown to have intrinsic opioid-receptor-mediated activity in [(35)S]GTPgammaS assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Wentland
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA.
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19
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Hanessian S, Parthasarathy S, Mauduit M, Payza K. The power of visual imagery in drug design. Isopavines as a new class of morphinomimetics and their human opioid receptor binding activity. J Med Chem 2003; 46:34-48. [PMID: 12502358 DOI: 10.1021/jm020164l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The importance of visual imagery and relational thinking manifests itself in a heuristic approach to the design and synthesis of potential morphinomimetics as agonists of the human mu receptor. The well-known class of alkaloids represented by the isopavine nucleus has a topological resemblance to the morphine skeleton, especially when viewed in a particular way. Enantiopure isopavines can be readily obtained from a 1,2 Stevens rearrangement of 13-substituted dihydromethanodibenzoazocines, prepared in four steps from d- and l-amino acids. Consideration of the topology and the expected orientation of the nitrogen lone pair for a better overlap with morphine necessitates the utilization of d-amino acids. By variation of the substituents on the aromatic rings and a judicious choice of ring substituents, it is possible to obtain low nanomolar binding to the human mu receptor while maintaining good to excellent mu/delta selectivity. Agonist-like activity is indicated in a functional assay for one of the analogues originally derived from d-alanine as a precursor. X-ray crystal structures of several compounds corroborate stereochemistries and overall topologies.
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MESH Headings
- Azocines/chemical synthesis
- Azocines/chemistry
- Azocines/pharmacology
- Cell Line
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Molecular Conformation
- Molecular Mimicry
- Morphine Derivatives/chemistry
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Succersale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Wentland MP, Lou R, Dehnhardt CM, Duan W, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM. 3-Carboxamido analogues of morphine and naltrexone. synthesis and opioid receptor binding properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1717-21. [PMID: 11425545 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In response to the unexpectedly high affinity for opioid receptors observed in a novel series of cyclazocine analogues where the prototypic 8-OH was replaced by a carboxamido group, we have prepared the corresponding 3-CONH(2) analogues of morphine and naltrexone. High affinity (K(i)=34 and 1.7nM) for mu opioid receptors was seen, however, the new targets were 39- and 11-fold less potent than morphine and naltrexone, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Wentland
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, 12180, Troy, NY, USA.
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21
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Greiner E, Schottenberger H, Wurst K, Schmidhammer H. Novel class of morphinans with acrylonitrile incorporated substructures as key intermediates for non-oxygen-bridged opioid ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:3840-1. [PMID: 11457125 DOI: 10.1021/ja015550r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Greiner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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22
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Wentland MP, Lou R, Ye Y, Cohen DJ, Richardson GP, Bidlack JM. 8-Carboxamidocyclazocine analogues: redefining the structure-activity relationships of 2,6-methano-3-benzazocines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:623-6. [PMID: 11266156 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unexpectedly high affinity for opioid receptors has been observed for a novel series of cyclazocine analogues where the prototypic 8-OH was replaced by a carboxamido group. For mu and kappa opioid receptors, the primary carboxamido derivative of cyclazocine ((+/-)-15) displayed high affinity (Ki=0.41 and 0.53 nM, respectively) nearly comparable to cyclazocine. A high enantiopreference ((2R,6R,11R)-) for binding was also observed. Compound (+/-)-15 also displayed potent antinociception activity in mice when administered icv.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Wentland
- Department of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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