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Eş I, Thakur A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Foged C, de la Torre LG. Engineering aspects of lipid-based delivery systems: In vivo gene delivery, safety criteria, and translation strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108342. [PMID: 38518964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the genome cause genetic diseases and can be treated with gene therapy. Due to the limitations encountered in gene delivery, lipid-based supramolecular colloidal materials have emerged as promising gene carrier systems. In their non-functionalized form, lipid nanoparticles often demonstrate lower transgene expression efficiency, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, specifically through reduced percentages of cells expressing the transgene. Due to chemically active substituents, the engineering of delivery systems for genetic drugs with specific chemical ligands steps forward as an innovative strategy to tackle the drawbacks and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Despite intense investigations into functionalization strategies, the clinical outcome of such therapies still needs to be improved. Here, we highlight and comprehensively review engineering aspects for functionalizing lipid-based delivery systems and their therapeutic efficacy for developing novel genetic cargoes to provide a full snapshot of the translation from the bench to the clinics. We outline existing challenges in the delivery and internalization processes and narrate recent advances in the functionalization of lipid-based delivery systems for nucleic acids to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and safety. Moreover, we address clinical trials using these vectors to expand their clinical use and principal safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University 191002, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Sutherland M, Gordon A, Al-Shammari FOFO, Throup A, Cilia La Corte A, Philippou H, Shnyder SD, Patterson LH, Sheldrake HM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cyclobutane-Based β3 Integrin Antagonists: A Novel Approach to Targeting Integrins for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4023. [PMID: 37627051 PMCID: PMC10452181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-binding family of integrin receptors, and notably the β3 subfamily, are key to multiple physiological processes involved in tissue development, cancer proliferation, and metastatic dissemination. While there is compelling preclinical evidence that both αvβ3 and αIIbβ3 are important anticancer targets, most integrin antagonists developed to target the β3 integrins are highly selective for αvβ3 or αIIbβ3. We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new structural class of ligand-mimetic β3 integrin antagonist. These new antagonists combine a high activity against αvβ3 with a moderate affinity for αIIbβ3, providing the first evidence for a new approach to integrin targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sutherland
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Andrew Gordon
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | | | - Adam Throup
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Amy Cilia La Corte
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Helen Philippou
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven D. Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | | | - Helen M. Sheldrake
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
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3
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Integrins, a superfamily of cell adhesion receptors, were extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, motivated by their multiple functions, e.g., in cancer (progression, metastasis, angiogenesis), sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections. Although integrin-targeting clinical trials, especially in cancer, did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins remain highly interesting therapeutic targets. In this article, we analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of a subfamily of integrins, which require binding of the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) for cell adhesion and signal transduction, in cancer, in tumor-associated exosomes, in fibrosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we outline the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands, which are highly selective and affine to single integrin subtypes, i.e., αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, αvβ6, αvβ8, and αvβ1. Lastly, we present the substantial progress in the field of nuclear and optical molecular imaging of integrins, including first-in-human and clinical studies. Abstract Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
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4
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Das P, Ray S, Saha R, Mukhopadhyay C. One‐Pot Synthesis of Densely Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐1,6‐naphthyridine Mediated by Isocyanide‐Assisted Reduction of C−C Double Bond. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Das
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
- Department of Chemistry Asutosh CollegeUniversity of Calcutta 92 S. P. Mukherjee Road Kolkata 700026 India
| | - Suman Ray
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calcutta 92 APC Road Kolkata 700009 India
- Department of ChemistryPresidency University 86/1 College Street Kolkata 700073 India
| | - Rupak Saha
- Inorganic and PhysicalChemistry Department Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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5
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Jiang S, Yang Z, Guo Z, Li Y, Chen L, Zhu Z, Chen X. Transition metal-free α-methylation of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives using DMSO as methylation reagent. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:7416-7424. [PMID: 31359026 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01490j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A practical approach to the direct α-methylation of 1,8-naphthyridines under mild reaction conditions has been developed using simple and readily available DMSO as a convenient and environmentally friendly carbon source. This method is transition metal-free and highly chemoselective, shows good functional group tolerance, and uses DMSO as a methyl source, providing efficient and rapid access to an important compound class, 2-methyl-1,8-naphthyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Jiang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
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6
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Hatley RJD, Macdonald SJF, Slack RJ, Le J, Ludbrook SB, Lukey PT. An αv-RGD Integrin Inhibitor Toolbox: Drug Discovery Insight, Challenges and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3298-3321. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. D. Hatley
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Joelle Le
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Steven B. Ludbrook
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
| | - Pauline T. Lukey
- Fibrosis DPU; Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY UK
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7
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Hatley RJD, Macdonald SJF, Slack RJ, Le J, Ludbrook SB, Lukey PT. Ein Instrumentarium von αv-RGD-Integrin-Inhibitoren: Wirkstoffsuche, Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. D. Hatley
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Simon J. F. Macdonald
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Robert J. Slack
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Joelle Le
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Steven B. Ludbrook
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
| | - Pauline T. Lukey
- Fibrosis and Lung Injury DPU, Respiratory Therapeutic Area; GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre; Gunnels Wood Road Stevenage SG1 2NY Großbritannien
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8
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Ma W, Chen F, Liu Y, He YM, Fan QH. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives. Org Lett 2016; 18:2730-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Ma
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Youran Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Mei He
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of
Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjing 300072, P. R. China
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9
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Wang W, Feng X, Du H. Borane-catalyzed metal-free hydrogenation of 2,7-disubstituted 1,8-naphthyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:6683-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01172a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metal-free hydrogenation of 2,7-disubstituted 1,8-naphthyridines was realized to furnish 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridines in high yields with up to 74% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Xiangqing Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Haifeng Du
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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10
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Madaan A, Verma R, Kumar V, Singh AT, Jain SK, Jaggi M. 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives: A Review of Multiple Biological Activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:837-60. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alka Madaan
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ritu Verma
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Chemical Research Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Anu T. Singh
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Swatantra K. Jain
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, HIMSR and Department of Biotechnology; Jamia Hamdard; New Delhi India
| | - Manu Jaggi
- Cell Biology Lab; Dabur Research Foundation; Sahibabad, Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
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11
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Polishchuk PG, Samoylenko GV, Khristova TM, Krysko OL, Kabanova TA, Kabanov VM, Kornylov AY, Klimchuk O, Langer T, Andronati SA, Kuz'min VE, Krysko AA, Varnek A. Design, Virtual Screening, and Synthesis of Antagonists of αIIbβ3 as Antiplatelet Agents. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7681-94. [PMID: 26367138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This article describes design, virtual screening, synthesis, and biological tests of novel αIIbβ3 antagonists, which inhibit platelet aggregation. Two types of αIIbβ3 antagonists were developed: those binding either closed or open form of the protein. At the first step, available experimental data were used to build QSAR models and ligand- and structure-based pharmacophore models and to select the most appropriate tool for ligand-to-protein docking. Virtual screening of publicly available databases (BioinfoDB, ZINC, Enamine data sets) with developed models resulted in no hits. Therefore, small focused libraries for two types of ligands were prepared on the basis of pharmacophore models. Their screening resulted in four potential ligands for open form of αIIbβ3 and four ligands for its closed form followed by their synthesis and in vitro tests. Experimental measurements of affinity for αIIbβ3 and ability to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation (IC50) showed that two designed ligands for the open form 4c and 4d (IC50 = 6.2 nM and 25 nM, respectively) and one for the closed form 12b (IC50 = 11 nM) were more potent than commercial antithrombotic Tirofiban (IC50 = 32 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel G Polishchuk
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Georgiy V Samoylenko
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana M Khristova
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine.,Laboratory of Chemoinformatics (UMR 7140 CNRS/UniStra), University of Strasbourg , 1, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Olga L Krysko
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana A Kabanova
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir M Kabanov
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Yu Kornylov
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Olga Klimchuk
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics (UMR 7140 CNRS/UniStra), University of Strasbourg , 1, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergei A Andronati
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Victor E Kuz'min
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Andrei A Krysko
- A.V. Bogatsky Physico-Chemical Institute of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Lustdorfskaya doroga 86, Odessa 65080, Ukraine
| | - Alexandre Varnek
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics (UMR 7140 CNRS/UniStra), University of Strasbourg , 1, rue B. Pascal, Strasbourg 67000, France
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12
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Liu Y, Goswami RK, Liu C, Sinha SC. Chemically Programmed Bispecific Antibody Targeting Legumain Protease and αvβ3 Integrin Mediates Strong Antitumor Effects. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2544-50. [PMID: 26024761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A chemically programmed bispecific antibody (cp-bsAb) that targeted cysteine protease legumain and αvβ3 integrin has been prepared using the aldolase antibody chemical programming (AACP) strategy. In vitro evaluation of the anti-legumain, anti-integrin cp-bsAb and its comparison with cpAbs targeting either integrin or legumain have shown that the former possesses superior functions, including receptor binding and inhibitory effects on cell proliferation as well as capillary tube formation, among all three cpAbs. The anti-legumain, anti-integrin cp-bsAb also inhibited growth of primary tumor more effectively than either anti-legumain or anti-integrin cpAb as observed in the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer mouse model. The AACP-based cp-bsAb, which contains a generic aldolase antibody, can also serve as a suitable platform for combination therapy, where two equally potent compounds are used to target extracellular receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- †Departments of Immunology and Microbial Sciences and §Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rajib K Goswami
- †Departments of Immunology and Microbial Sciences and §Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Cheng Liu
- †Departments of Immunology and Microbial Sciences and §Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Subhash C Sinha
- †Departments of Immunology and Microbial Sciences and §Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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13
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Veliks J, Blacque O, Siegel JS. Three steps in one pot: synthesis of linear bilateral extended 2,2':6',2″-terpyridineruthenium(II) complexes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:12122-6. [PMID: 25350686 DOI: 10.1021/ic501946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes of linear bilateral extended 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine [2,6-bis(2-substituted furo[2,3-c]pyridin-5-yl)pyridine] are topological tridentate analogues of 5,5'-functionalized 2,2'-bipyridine. The present methodology provides access to linear bilateral extended 2,2':6',2″-terpyridineruthenium(II) complexes starting from 5,5″-bis(methoxymethoxy)-4,4″-bis(substituted ethynyl)-2,2':6',2″-terpyridines via one-pot cleavage of the methoxymethyl (MOM) protecting group, cycloisomerization, and metal complexation in the presence of Ru(DMSO)4Cl2. In this reaction, ruthenium(II) likely plays a triple role, acting as a Lewis acid to cleave the MOM ether, a catalyst facilitating 5-endo-dig cyclization, and a coordination metal center, being an integral part of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Veliks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Dubey R, Kushal S, Mollard A, Vojtovich L, Oh P, Levin MD, Schnitzer JE, Zharov I, Olenyuk BZ. Tumor targeting, trifunctional dendritic wedge. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 26:78-89. [PMID: 25350602 PMCID: PMC4306510 DOI: 10.1021/bc500436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We report in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a newly designed trifunctional theranostic agent for targeting solid tumors. This agent combines a dendritic wedge with high boron content for boron neutron capture therapy or boron MRI, a monomethine cyanine dye for visible-light fluorescent imaging, and an integrin ligand for efficient tumor targeting. We report photophysical properties of the new agent, its cellular uptake and in vitro targeting properties. Using live animal imaging and intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques, we observed a rapid accumulation of the agent and its retention for a prolonged period of time (up to 7 days) in fully established animal models of human melanoma and murine mammary adenocarcinoma. This macromolecular theranostic agent can be used for targeted delivery of high boron load into solid tumors for future applications in boron neutron capture therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California , 1985 Zonal Avenue, PSC B15C, HSC 9121, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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15
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Enhanced cell adhesion and mature intracellular structure promoted by squaramide-based RGD mimics on bioinert surfaces. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2210-2216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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16
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Danhier F, Le Breton A, Préat V. RGD-based strategies to target alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in cancer therapy and diagnosis. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2961-73. [PMID: 22967287 DOI: 10.1021/mp3002733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The integrin α(v)β(3) plays an important role in angiogenesis. It is expressed on tumoral endothelial cells as well as on some tumor cells. RGD peptides are well-known to bind preferentially to the α(v)β(3) integrin. In this context, targeting tumor cells or tumor vasculature by RGD-based strategies is a promising approach for delivering anticancer drugs or contrast agents for cancer therapy and diagnosis. RGD-based strategies include antagonist drugs (peptidic or peptidomimetic) of the RGD sequence, RGD-conjugates, and the grafting of the RGD peptide or peptidomimetic, as targeting ligand, at the surface of nanocarriers. Although all strategies are overviewed, this review aims to particularly highlight the position of RGD-based nanoparticles in cancer therapy and imaging. This review is divided into three parts: the first one describes the context of angiogenesis, the role of the integrin α(v)β(3), and the binding of the RGD peptide to this integrin; the second one focuses on RGD-based strategies in cancer therapy; while the third one focuses on RGD-based strategies in cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Danhier
- Université catholique de Louvain, Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Avenue E. Mounier, 73 B1 73 12, B-1200, Brussels, Belgium
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17
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Klim JR, Fowler AJ, Courtney AH, Wrighton PJ, Sheridan RTC, Wong ML, Kiessling LL. Small-molecule-modified surfaces engage cells through the αvβ3 integrin. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:518-25. [PMID: 22201290 DOI: 10.1021/cb2004725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrins play myriad and vital roles in development and disease. They connect a cell with its surroundings and transmit chemical and mechanical signals across the plasma membrane to the cell's interior. Dissecting their roles in cell behavior is complicated by their overlapping ligand specificity and shared downstream signaling components. In principle, immobilized synthetic peptides can mimic extracellular matrix proteins by supporting integrin-mediated adhesion, but most short peptide sequences lack selectivity for one integrin over others. In contrast, synthetic integrin antagonists can be highly selective. We hypothesized that this selectivity could be exploited if antagonists, when immobilized, could support cellular adhesion and activate signaling by engaging specific cell-surface integrins. To investigate this possibility, we designed a bifunctional (RGD)-based peptidomimetic for surface presentation. Our conjugate combines a high affinity integrin ligand with a biotin moiety; the former engages the α(v)β(3) integrin, and the latter allows for presentation on streptavidin-coated surfaces. Surfaces decorated with this ligand promote both cellular adhesion and integrin activation. Moreover, the selectivity of these surfaces for the α(v)β(3) integrin can be exploited to capture a subset of cells from a mixed population. We anticipate that surfaces displaying highly selective small molecule ligands can reveal the contributions of specific integrin heterodimers to cell adhesion and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Klim
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anthony J. Fowler
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Adam H. Courtney
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul J. Wrighton
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Rachael T. C. Sheridan
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Margaret L. Wong
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Laura L. Kiessling
- Cell
and Molecular Biology Program, ‡Department of Chemistry, and §Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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18
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Bollinger M, Manzenrieder F, Kolb R, Bochen A, Neubauer S, Marinelli L, Limongelli V, Novellino E, Moessmer G, Pell R, Lindner W, Fanous J, Hoffman A, Kessler H. Tailoring of integrin ligands: probing the charge capability of the metal ion-dependent adhesion site. J Med Chem 2012; 55:871-82. [PMID: 22185640 DOI: 10.1021/jm2013826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intervention in integrin-mediated cell adhesion and integrin signaling pathways is an ongoing area of research in medicinal chemistry and drug development. One key element in integrin-ligand interaction is the coordination of the bivalent cation at the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) by a carboxylic acid function, a consistent feature of all integrin ligands. With the exception of the recently discovered hydroxamic acids, all bioisosteric attempts to replace the carboxylic acid of integrin ligands failed. We report that phosphinates as well as monomethyl phosphonates represent excellent isosters, when introduced into integrin antagonists for the platelet integrin αIIbβ3. The novel inhibitors exhibit in vitro and ex vivo activities in the low nanomolar range. Steric and charge requirements of the MIDAS region were unraveled, thus paving the way for an in silico prediction of ligand activity and in turn the rational design of the next generation of integrin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bollinger
- Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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19
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Development and validation of competition binding assays for affinity to the extracellular matrix receptors, α(v)β(3) and α(IIb)β(3) integrin. Anal Biochem 2012; 423:70-7. [PMID: 22285979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) binding integrins α(v)β(3) and α(IIb)β(3) are integral components of various pathological and physiological processes, including tumor angiogenesis, osteoclast function, and thrombus formation. Because of this, there is interest in identifying novel compounds and proteins binding to these receptors as well as investigating the mechanism of these interactions. In this article, we describe the development and validation of competition binding assays for determining the affinity of test compounds to α(v)β(3) and α(IIb)β(3) integrin. Assays were successfully developed for each receptor, and the affinity of known compounds was comparable to published results. However, the inability of binding between α(IIb)β(3) integrin and the labeled echistatin protein ligand to reach equilibrium resulted in an assay that did not meet the assumptions of the competition binding model. Nevertheless, there was good agreement between this assay and known literature values, and intra- and interassay variability was acceptable. Binding by conformation-specific antibodies provided evidence that solid-phase bound α(IIb)β(3) receptor was in an activated conformation. This study also demonstrated that current models and methods for determining receptor affinity are simplistic and fail to account for common receptor-ligand interactions such as nondissociable interactions and varying receptor activation states.
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20
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Sirilaksanapong S, Sukwattanasinitt M, Rashatasakhon P. 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene fluorophore as a selective Cu2+sensor in aqueous media. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:293-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc16148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, Bajjuri KM, Liu C, Sinha SC. Targeting cell surface alpha(v)beta(3) integrin increases therapeutic efficacies of a legumain protease-activated auristatin prodrug. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:168-75. [PMID: 22044266 DOI: 10.1021/mp200434n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) prodrug 8 was designed and prepared that bound cell surface glycoprotein integrin αvβ3, and was activated using legumain protease as a catalyst. Upon activation, prodrug 8 strongly induced the death of MDA-MB-435 cells that express integrin αvβ3 on cell surface. Efficacies of prodrug 8 were also determined in vivo using animal models of 4T1 murine breast cancer, D121 Lewis lung carcinoma, and MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer. The results demonstrated that prodrug 8 decreased tumor growth and metastasis effectively. In comparison to the parent cytotoxin, MMAE, and prodrug 3, prodrug 8 was less toxic to mouse white blood cells. The latter caused no loss in weight gain of mice at a dose 3 mg/kg, which is over 30 times in excess to MMAE (0.1 mg/kg). We hypothesize that overexpression and colocalization of integrin αvβ3 and legumain protease on tumor cells, tumor vasculature, and/or tumor microenvironments can be exploited to enhance the efficacy and selectivity of potent cytotoxins, such as MMAE, which is otherwise too toxic to use for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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22
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Bones play many roles in the body, providing structure, protecting organs, anchoring muscles and storing calcium. Over 100 million people worldwide suffer from bone diseases, mainly osteoporosis, cancer-related bone loss, osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis. Osteoporosis itself has no specific symptoms, and the main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures. Therefore, the prevention of bone diseases is important to maintain the quality of life in the human society. However, treatment options are still insufficient. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review article gives a summary of the low molecular mass modulators of bone diseases targets disclosed in patent applications and articles, mainly during the last 5 years. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Readers will rapidly gain an overview of these modulators not only for historical targets, but also of emerging and re-visited targets. Readers will also be able to see the current research trend and the main players in this field. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Drug discovery for bone diseases has made progress in the last years. The research area has dynamically shifted from historical targets (bisphosphonate, parathyroid hormone and calcitonin) to newly confirmed targets or targets re-visited which were biologically validated in the past. Cathepsin K inhibitors should be very close to launching in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Masuya
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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23
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Heroux J, Gharib AM, Danthi NS, Cecchini S, Ohayon J, Pettigrew RI. High-affinity alphavbeta3 integrin targeted optical probe as a new imaging biomarker for early atherosclerosis: initial studies in Watanabe rabbits. Mol Imaging Biol 2010; 12:2-8. [PMID: 19898904 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-009-0242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A newly developed synthetic alpha v beta 3 integrin targeted optical probe (ITOP) has been demonstrated to target cancer cells, in vivo. Compared to the commercially available cyclic peptide c[RGDfv], this optical probe has at least 20 times better binding affinity for the alpha v beta 3 receptor. The present in vitro study was designed to investigate the possibility of detecting early atherosclerotic plaque by using this ITOP. PROCEDURES Experiments were performed on five Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits and two New Zealand White rabbits for control. Our ITOP was used for detecting the presence of alpha v beta 3 receptors in vitro. RESULTS Segments of plaque accumulation from two distinct regions of ascending and descending aortas were labeled in Watanabe rabbits. The signal was found principally in the adventitia and proximal intima of the aortic vessel, corresponding directly to the expression of integrin alpha v beta 3 as determined by antibody assay. Moreover, there was a close association between the level of labeling with the alpha v beta 3 targeted probe and the thickness of the adventitia. CONCLUSIONS This high-affinity ITOP identifies the site and extent of alpha v beta 3 expression and correlates with adventitial thickness. Recent evidence associates alpha v beta 3 expression with the inflammatory process in early vulnerable plaque, making this compound a promising potential biomarker for early atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Heroux
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Imaging Science, National Institute of Diabetes Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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24
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Rerat V, Dive G, Cordi AA, Tucker GC, Bareille R, Amédée J, Bordenave L, Marchand-Brynaert J. αvβ3 Integrin-Targeting Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Peptidomimetics Containing Oligoethylene Glycol (OEG) Spacers. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7029-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jm901133z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Rerat
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Georges Dive
- Centre d’Ingénierie des Protéines, Université de Liège, Bâtiment B6, Allée de la Chimie, 4000 Sart-Tilman, Belgium
| | - Alex A. Cordi
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Rue des Moulineaux 11, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Gordon C. Tucker
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Rue des Moulineaux 11, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Reine Bareille
- INSERM, U577, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Rue Léo Saignat 146, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Joëlle Amédée
- INSERM, U577, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Rue Léo Saignat 146, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Bordenave
- INSERM, U577, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Rue Léo Saignat 146, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France
- CIC-IT Biomatériaux, INSERM, Pessac, F-33604 France; CHU Bordeaux, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, Pessac, 33604, France
| | - Jacqueline Marchand-Brynaert
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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25
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Elliot D, Henshaw E, MacFaul PA, Morley AD, Newham P, Oldham K, Page K, Rankine N, Sharpe P, Ting A, Wood CM. Novel inhibitors of the αvβ3 integrin—lead identification strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4832-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Heckmann D, Meyer A, Laufer B, Zahn G, Stragies R, Kessler H. Rational design of highly active and selective ligands for the alpha5beta1 integrin receptor. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1397-407. [PMID: 18481343 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of integrin function is a major challenge in medicinal chemistry. Potent ligands are currently in different stages of clinical trials for the antiangiogenic therapy of cancer and age-related macula degeneration (AMD). The subtype alpha5beta1 has recently been drawn into the focus of research because of its genuine role in angiogenesis. In our previous work we could demonstrate that the lack of structural information about the receptor could be overcome by a homology model based on the X-ray structure of the alphavbeta3 integrin subtype and the sequence similarities between both receptors. In this work, we describe the rational design and synthesis of high affinity alpha5beta1 binders, and the optimisation of selectivity against alphavbeta3 by means of extensive SAR studies and docking experiments. A first series of compounds based on the tyrosine scaffold resulted in affinities in the low and even subnanomolar range and selectivities of 400-fold against alphavbeta3. The insights about the structure-activity relationship gained from tyrosine-based ligands could be successfully transferred to ligands that bear an aza-glycine scaffold to yield alpha5beta1 ligands with affinities of approximately 1 nm and selectivities that exceed 10(4)-fold. The ligands have already been successfully employed as selective alpha5beta1 ligands in biological research and might serve as lead structures for antiangiogenic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heckmann
- Centre of Integrated Protein Science at the Technical University München, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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27
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Sinha SC, Das S, Li LS, Lerner RA, Barbas CF. Preparation of integrin alpha(v)beta3-targeting Ab 38C2 constructs. Nat Protoc 2007; 2:449-56. [PMID: 17406606 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2007.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes the preparation of Ab constructs using agents that target cells expressing integrins alpha(v)beta3 and alpha(v)beta5, and the monoclonal aldolase Ab 38C2. The targeting agents are equipped with a diketone or vinylketone linker, and selectively react through the reactive Lys residues in the Ab binding sites to form 38C2 conjugates or chemically programmed 38C2 (i.e., cp38C2). The targeting agent possessing a diketone linker reacts with the Lys residues forming an enaminone derivative. By contrast, the vinylketone linker is used as the corresponding acetone adduct (i.e., a pro-vinylketone linker), and this pro-adapter undergoes a 38C2-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction to produce the vinylketone linker, which forms a Michael-type adduct with the Lys residues. The Ab construct formation is achieved in <1 h for the diketone compounds at ambient temperature, and in 2-16 h using the pro-vinylketone linker at 37 degrees C. The 38C2 constructs are retargeted to cells over-expressing integrins, and are potential candidates for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash C Sinha
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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28
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Nagarajan SR, Lu HF, Gasiecki AF, Khanna IK, Parikh MD, Desai BN, Rogers TE, Clare M, Chen BB, Russell MA, Keene JL, Duffin T, Engleman VW, Finn MB, Freeman SK, Klover JA, Nickols GA, Nickols MA, Shannon KE, Steininger CA, Westlin WF, Westlin MM, Williams ML. Discovery of +(2-{4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl}-cyclopropyl)acetic acid as potent and selective αvβ3 inhibitor: Design, synthesis, and optimization. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3390-412. [PMID: 17387018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The integrin alpha(v)beta(3) is expressed in a number of cell types and is thought to play a major role in several pathological conditions. Various small molecules that inhibit the integrin have been shown to suppress tumor growth and retinal angiogenesis. The tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), a common binding motif in several ligands that bind to alpha(v)beta(3), has been depeptidized and optimized in our efforts toward discovering a small molecule inhibitor. We recently disclosed the synthesis and biological activity of several small molecules that did not contain any peptide bond and mimic the tripeptide RGD. The phenethyl group in one of the lead compounds was successfully replaced with a cyclopropyl moiety. The new lead compound was optimized for potency, selectivity, and for its ADME properties. We describe herein the discovery, synthesis, and optimization of cyclopropyl containing analogs that are potent and selective inhibitors of alpha(v)beta(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan R Nagarajan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, St. Louis Laboratories, Pfizer, Inc., 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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29
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Owen RM, Carlson CB, Xu J, Mowery P, Fasella E, Kiessling LL. Bifunctional ligands that target cells displaying the alpha v beta3 integrin. Chembiochem 2007; 8:68-82. [PMID: 17154219 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to eliminate tumor cells have long been sought. We envisioned that a small molecule could be used to decorate the offending cells with immunogenic carbohydrates and evoke an immune response. To this end, we describe the synthesis of bifunctional ligands possessing two functional motifs: one binds a cell-surface protein and the other binds a naturally occurring human antibody. Our conjugates combine an RGD-based peptidomimetic, to target cells displaying the alpha v beta3 integrin, with the carbohydrate antigen galactosyl-alpha(1-3)galactose [Galalpha(1-3)Gal or alpha-Gal]. To generate such bifunctional ligands, we designed and synthesized RGD mimetics 1 b and 2 c, which possess a free amino group for modification. These compounds were used to generate bifunctional derivatives 1 c and 2 d, with dimethyl squarate serving as the linchpin; thus, our synthetic approach is modular. To evaluate the binding of our peptidomimetics to the target alpha v beta3-displaying cells, we implemented a cell-adhesion assay. Results from this assay indicate that the designed, small-molecule ligands inhibit alpha v beta3-dependent cell adhesion. Additionally, our most effective bifunctional ligand exhibits a high degree of selectivity (4000-fold) for alpha v beta3 over the related alpha v beta5 integrin, a result that augurs its utility in specific cell targeting. Finally, we demonstrate that the bifunctional ligands can bind to alpha v beta3-positive cells and recruit human anti-Gal antibodies. These results indicate that both the integrin-binding and the anti-Gal-binding moieties can act simultaneously. Bifunctional conjugates of this type can facilitate the development of new methods for targeting cancer cells by exploiting endogenous antibodies. We anticipate that our modifiable alpha v beta3-binding ligands will be valuable in a variety of applications, including drug delivery and tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Owen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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30
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Nakamura I, Duong LT, Rodan SB, Rodan GA. Involvement of alpha(v)beta3 integrins in osteoclast function. J Bone Miner Metab 2007; 25:337-44. [PMID: 17968485 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric adhesion receptors that mediate cell-matrix interaction. Osteoclast exhibits high expression of the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, which binds to a variety of extracellular matrix proteins including vitronectin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptides, RGD-mimetics, and blocking antibodies to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin were shown to inhibit bone resorption in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this integrin may play an important role in regulating osteoclast function. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that a number of signaling molecules are involved in the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin-dependent signaling pathway, including c-Src, Pyk2, c-Cbl, and p130(Cas). In this article, we review the history of "alpha(v)beta(3) integrin and osteoclasts" and discuss the involvement of alpha(v)beta(3) integrins in osteoclast function at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels. A better understanding of the role of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin in osteoclastic bone resorption would provide opportunities for developing new therapeutics to treat human bone diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Yugawara Kosei-nenkin Hospital, 438 Miyakami, Yugawara, Ashigara-shimo, Kanagawa 259-0314, Japan.
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31
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Abstract
The design and synthesis of peptidic and nonpeptidic integrin ligands derived from the most abundant natural tripeptide sequence, RGD, are described in this article. Special emphasis is placed on the activity and selectivity of the ligands to integrin subtypes. Two approaches are described-ligand- and structure-oriented design. When no structure of the complex or the target is known, one may derive suitable starting points from natural peptide sequences, which often require conformational restriction for a further optimization. A "spatial screening" procedure was used to identify highly active and selective ligands for the integrin subtypes alphavbeta3 and alphaIIbbeta3. Structure-based methods require knowledge of the binding domain of the target. Hence, the first structure of the alphavbeta3 integrin with bound cilengitide was a landmark for the structure-based approach. Meanwhile, a design using homology models of other integrin subtypes has also been successfully applied. To improve the ADME profile, nonpeptidic ligands have been developed using the information of the spatial distances and orientations of the most important pharmacophoric groups (especially the carboxyl group and the basic moiety at the other end of the molecule). Applications of the alphavbeta3 ligands as drugs in antiangiogenic tumor therapy for molecular imaging of metastases and for improvement of biocompatibility of grafts are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Heckmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University München, Garching, Germany
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32
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Spatial Screening for the Identification of the Bioactive Conformation of Integrin Ligands. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/128_052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Guo F, Das S, Mueller BM, Barbas CF, Lerner RA, Sinha SC. Breaking the one antibody-one target axiom. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:11009-14. [PMID: 16822849 PMCID: PMC1488731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603822103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies at the interface of chemistry and biology have allowed us to develop an immunotherapeutic approach called chemically programmed antibodies (cpAbs), which combines the merits of traditional small-molecule drug design with immunotherapy. In this approach, a catalytic antibody catalyzes the covalent conjugation of a small molecule or peptide to the active site of the antibody, effectively recruiting the binding specificity of the conjugated molecule to the antibody. In essence, this technology provides the tools for breaking the "one antibody-one target axiom" of immunochemistry. Our studies in this area have focused on using the chemistry of the well studied aldolase catalytic antibodies of which mAb 38C2 is a member. Previously, we explored reversible assembly of cpAbs available through diketone chemistry. In this article, we explore a unique proadapter assembly strategy wherein an antibody 38C2-catalyzed transformation unveils a reactive tag that then reacts to form a stable covalent bond with the antibody. An integrin alpha(v)beta 3 antagonist was synthesized with the designed proadapter and studied using human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435. We demonstrate that this approach allows for (i) the effective assembly of cpAbs in vitro and in vivo, (ii) selective retargeting of 38C2 to integrin alpha(v)beta 3 expressing breast cancer cell lines, (iii) intracellular delivery of cpAbs into cells, (iv) dramatically increased circulatory half-life, and (v) substantial enhancement of the therapeutic effect over the peptidomimetic itself in animal models of breast cancer metastasis. We believe that this technology possesses potential for the treatment and diagnosis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- *The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Sanjib Das
- *The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Barbara M. Mueller
- Cancer Biology Division, La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Carlos F. Barbas
- *The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- *The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
| | - Subhash C. Sinha
- *The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; and
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
or
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34
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Lössner D, Kessler H, Thumshirn G, Dahmen C, Wiltschi B, Tanaka M, Knoll W, Sinner EK, Reuning U. Binding of Small Mono- and Oligomeric Integrin Ligands to Membrane-Embedded Integrins Monitored by Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2006; 78:4524-33. [PMID: 16808462 DOI: 10.1021/ac052078+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently developed a binding assay format by incorporating native transmembrane receptors into artificial phospholipid bilayers on biosensor devices for surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. By extending the method to surface plasmon-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SPFS), sensitive recording of the association of even very small ligands is enabled. Herewith, we monitored binding of synthetic mono- and oligomeric RGD-based peptides and peptidomimetics to integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5, after having confirmed correct orientation and functionality of membrane-embedded integrins. We evaluated integrin binding of RGD multimers linked together via aminohexanoic acid (Ahx) spacers and showed that the dimer revealed higher binding activity than the tetramer, followed by the RGD monomers. The peptidomimetic was also found to be highly active with a slightly higher selectivity toward alphavbeta3. The different compounds were also evaluated in in vitro cell adhesion tests for their capacity to interfere with alphavbeta3-mediated cell attachment to vitronectin. We hereby demonstrated that the different RGD monomers were similarly effective; the RGD dimer and tetramer showed comparable IC50 values, which were, however, significantly higher than those of the monomers. Best cell detachment from vitronectin was achieved by the peptidomimetic. The novel SPFS-binding assay platform proves to be a suitable, reliable, and sensitive method to monitor the binding capacity of small ligands to native transmembrane receptors, here demonstrated for integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lössner
- Klinische Forschergruppe der Frauenklinik der Technischen Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany
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35
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Kubota D, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto M, Murakami S, Hachisu M, Katano K, Ajito K. Tricyclic pharmacophore-based molecules as novel integrin αvβ3 antagonists. Part 1: Design and synthesis of a lead compound exhibiting αvβ3/αIIbβ3 dual antagonistic activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2089-108. [PMID: 16309911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to generate novel compounds with integrin alpha(v)beta3-antagonistic activity together with antiplatelet activity, tricyclic pharmacophore-based molecules were designed and synthesized. Although piperazine-containing compounds initially prepared were selective alpha(IIb)beta3 antagonists, replacement of piperazine with piperidine furnished a potent alpha(v)beta3/alpha(IIb)beta3 dual antagonist. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies provided clues for further development of tricyclic pharmacophore-based integrin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Kubota
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 760 Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan
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36
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Nagarajan SR, Meyer JM, Miyashiro JM, Engleman VW, Freeman SK, Griggs DW, Klover JA, Nickols GA. Discovery of Diphenylmethanepropionic and Dihydrostilbeneacetic Acids as Antagonists of the Integrin alphavbeta3. Chem Biol Drug Des 2006; 67:177-81. [PMID: 16492166 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2006.00344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A peptidomimetic inhibitor of the integrin alpha(v)beta(3) has been substantially modified to produce several new nonpeptidic antagonists. These inhibitors are simpler to synthesize and belong to new classes of scaffolds. Some of the compounds served as the initial lead for further optimization, which led to the discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of the integrin alpha(v)beta(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan R Nagarajan
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, St Louis Laboratories, Pfizer, Inc., Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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37
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Temming K, Schiffelers RM, Molema G, Kok RJ. RGD-based strategies for selective delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents to the tumour vasculature. Drug Resist Updat 2005; 8:381-402. [PMID: 16309948 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2005] [Revised: 10/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During the past decade, RGD-peptides have become a popular tool for the targeting of drugs and imaging agents to alphavbeta3-integrin expressing tumour vasculature. RGD-peptides have been introduced by recombinant means into therapeutic proteins and viruses. Chemical means have been applied to couple RGD-peptides and RGD-mimetics to liposomes, polymers, peptides, small molecule drugs and radiotracers. Some of these products show impressive results in preclinical animal models and a RGD targeted radiotracer has already successfully been tested in humans for the visualization of alphavbeta3-integrin, which demonstrates the feasibility of this approach. This review will summarize the structural requirements for RGD-peptides and RGD-mimetics as ligands for alphavbeta3. We will show how they have been introduced in the various types of constructs by chemical and recombinant techniques. The importance of multivalent RGD-constructs for high affinity binding and internalization will be highlighted. Furthermore the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of RGD-targeted therapeutics and diagnostics reported in recent years will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Temming
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Delivery, Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Ishikawa M, Hiraiwa Y, Kubota D, Tsushima M, Watanabe T, Murakami S, Ouchi S, Ajito K. Tricyclic pharmacophore-based molecules as novel integrin alpha(v)beta3 antagonists. Part III: synthesis of potent antagonists with alpha(v)beta3/alpha(IIb)beta3 dual activity and improved water solubility. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:2131-50. [PMID: 16307881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In order to optimize our novel integrin alpha(v)beta3/alpha(IIb)beta3 dual antagonists, spatial screening at the N-terminus was performed. The alpha(v)beta3 antagonistic activity varied depending on the space that was occupied by the N-terminus, but high potency against alpha(IIb)beta3 was well maintained. The (3S)-aminopiperidine analogue had the strongest activity against alpha(v)beta3, and the S isomer at piperidine was more potent than the R isomer. Compounds selected on the basis of SAR analysis of a novel lead compound showed acceptable early absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles and sufficient water solubility for use as infusion drugs. Docking studies with the alpha(v)beta3 receptor were performed to confirm the SAR findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ishikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd., 760 Morooka-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-8567, Japan.
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39
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Burnett CA, Xie J, Quijano J, Shen Z, Hunter F, Bur M, Li KCP, Danthi SN. Synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo characterization of an integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted molecular probe for optical imaging of tumor. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3763-71. [PMID: 15863003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Integrin alpha(v)beta(3) is a widely-recognized target for the development of targeted molecular probes for imaging pathological conditions. alpha(v)beta(3) is a cell-surface receptor protein that is upregulated in various pathological conditions including osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, macular degeneration, and cancer. The synthesis of an alpha(v)beta(3)-targeted optical probe 7 from compound 1, and its in vitro and in vivo characterization is described. A series of aliphatic carbamate derivatives of the potent non-peptide integrin antagonist 1 was synthesized and the binding affinity to alpha(v)beta(3) was determined in both enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell adhesion inhibition assays. The hydrophobic carbamate-linked appendages improved the binding affinity of the parent compound for alpha(v)beta(3) by 2-20 times. A Boc-protected neopentyl derivative in the series is shown to have the best binding affinity to alpha(v)beta(3) (IC(50)=0.72 nM) when compared to compound 1 as well as to c-RGDfV. Optical probe 7 utilizes the neopentyl linker and demonstrates increased binding affinity and significant tumor cell uptake in vitro as well as specific tumor accumulation and retention in vivo. These results illustrate the potential of employing integrin-targeted molecular probes based on 1 to image a multitude of diseases associated with alpha(v)beta(3) overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Burnett
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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Boys ML, Schretzman LA, Chandrakumar NS, Tollefson MB, Mohler SB, Downs VL, Penning TD, Russell MA, Wendt JA, Chen BB, Stenmark HG, Wu H, Spangler DP, Clare M, Desai BN, Khanna IK, Nguyen MN, Duffin T, Engleman VW, Finn MB, Freeman SK, Hanneke ML, Keene JL, Klover JA, Nickols GA, Nickols MA, Steininger CN, Westlin M, Westlin W, Yu YX, Wang Y, Dalton CR, Norring SA. Convergent, parallel synthesis of a series of beta-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazole butanoic acids as potent and selective alpha(v)beta3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 16:839-44. [PMID: 16298127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles, which are potent antagonists of the integrin alpha(v)beta3 and, in addition, show selectivity relative to the other beta3 integrin alpha(IIb)beta3. In whole cells, the majority of these analogs also demonstrated modest selectivity against other alpha(v) integrins such as alpha(v)beta1 and alpha(v)beta6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Boys
- Department of Chemistry, PfizerGlobal Research and Development, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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41
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Biltresse S, Attolini M, Marchand-Brynaert J. Cell adhesive PET membranes by surface grafting of RGD peptidomimetics. Biomaterials 2005; 26:4576-87. [PMID: 15722127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A non-peptide mimic of the Arg-Gly Asp (RGD) active sequence of adhesive proteins (such as vitronectin) has been equipped with two different spacer-arms for surface anchorage. The covalent grafting on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membrane was realized via the activation of the hydroxyl polymer chain-ends by tosylation followed by nucleophilic substitution. The surface density of peptidomimetics was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), on the basis of F/C atomic ratios since a fluorine tag was incorporated into the RGD-like compounds. The biological activity of soluble peptidomimetics was evaluated versus isolated human integrin alpha(v)beta(3) (vitronectin receptor), and versus CaCo2 cells. Inhibition of cellular adhesion was observed after pre-incubation of CaCo2 cells with soluble peptidomimetics. On the other hand a significant promotion of cellular adhesion resulted from the surface grafting of peptidomimetics on the PET culture substrate. The best performance was obtained with the RGD-like integrin ligand bearing a triethylene glycol spacer-arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Biltresse
- Unité de chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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42
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Zartman AE, Duong LT, Fernandez-Metzler C, Hartman GD, Leu CT, Prueksaritanont T, Rodan GA, Rodan SB, Duggan ME, Meissner RS. Nonpeptide αvβ3 antagonists: identification of potent, chain-shortened 7-oxo RGD mimetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1647-50. [PMID: 15745815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2004] [Revised: 01/19/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potent, novel 7-oxo alpha(v)beta3 antagonists have been prepared. These antagonists offer decreased plasma protein binding and excellent pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Zartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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43
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Li LS, Rader C, Matsushita M, Das S, Barbas CF, Lerner RA, Sinha SC. Chemical adaptor immunotherapy: design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel integrin-targeting devices. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5630-40. [PMID: 15509162 DOI: 10.1021/jm049666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of beta-diketone derivatives of RGD peptidomimetics that selectively bind to alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 integrins were synthesized and covalently docked to the reactive lysine residues of monoclonal aldolase antibody 38C2. The resulting targeting devices strongly and selectively bound to human cancer cells expressing integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 as analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that these novel integrin-targeting devices efficiently inhibit tumor growth. Thus, the combination of beta-diketone derivatives of RGD peptidomimetics that target cell surface integrins alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 with monoclonal aldolase antibodies through formation of a covalent bond of defined stoichiometry holds promise as a new approach to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Li
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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44
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Ghosh S, Santulli RJ, Kinney WA, Decorte BL, Liu L, Lewis JM, Proost JC, Leo GC, Masucci J, Hageman WE, Thompson AS, Chen I, Kawahama R, Tuman RW, Galemmo RA, Johnson DL, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-containing αVβ3 integrin antagonists with enhanced oral bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5937-41. [PMID: 15501072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of the quinoline ring in an alpha(v)beta(3) antagonist yielded a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro derivative as two diastereomers, the four isomers of which were separated by sequential chiral HPLC. Two isomers had significant alpha(V)beta(3) antagonist activity with improved oral bioavailability, relative to the corresponding quinoline derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamali Ghosh
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C., Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
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45
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Biltresse S, Attolini M, Dive G, Cordi A, Tucker GC, Marchand-Brynaert J. Novel RGD-like molecules based on the tyrosine template: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation on isolated integrins αVβ3/αIIbβ3 and in cellular adhesion tests. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:5379-93. [PMID: 15388165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptidomimetics have been designed for covalent anchorage on biomaterials. The tyrosine template was thus equipped with (i) a basic side chain of various flexibility, (ii) an acidic side chain, which incorporated the XPS fluorine tag, and (iii) a spacer-arm terminated by a primary amine for surface grafting. The most active compounds showed IC50 values in the nanomolar range versus isolated human integrins alphaVbeta3 and alphaIIbbeta3. Preincubation of CaCo2 cells with soluble peptidomimetics (2 and 19a) prevented cellular adhesion on culture plates coated with vitronectin. On the other hand, peptidomimetics (19a and 19b) immobilized on a poly(ethylene)terephthalate membrane (PET) promoted CaCo2 cells adhesion. A modeling study at the ab initio level in MINI-1' basis allowed to compare the various synthetic ligands of integrins and to propose novel pharmacophore structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Biltresse
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur, 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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46
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De Corte BL, Kinney WA, Liu L, Ghosh S, Brunner L, Hoekstra WJ, Santulli RJ, Tuman RW, Baker J, Burns C, Proost JC, Tounge BA, Damiano BP, Maryanoff BE, Johnson DL, Galemmo RA. Piperidine-containing β-arylpropionic acids as potent antagonists of αvβ3/αvβ5 integrins. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5227-32. [PMID: 15380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 06/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and SAR of a new class of piperidine-based alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 integrin antagonists is described. Replacement of an amide bond in a prototype isonipecotamide by a C-C isostere, and adjustment of the spacer length between the carboxylic acid and basic moieties, led to low nanomolar antagonists of alphavbeta3 and/or alphavbeta5 integrins with excellent selectivity versus alpha(IIb)beta3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart L De Corte
- Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Welsh & McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA.
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47
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Whitman DB, Askew BC, Duong LT, Fernandez-Metzler C, Halczenko W, Hartman GD, Hutchinson JH, Leu CT, Prueksaritanont T, Rodan GA, Rodan SB, Duggan ME. Nonpeptide αvβ3 antagonists. Part 9: Improved pharmacokinetic profile through the use of an aliphatic, des-amide backbone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4411-5. [PMID: 15357963 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of alphaVbeta3 receptor antagonists lacking the amide bond of previously-reported 'chain-shortened' compounds is described. Replacement of the lone amide bond with two methylene groups in this series yields more lipophilic compounds that have longer half-lives, lower clearance, and greater oral bioavailability when administered to dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Whitman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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48
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Marugan JJ, Haslow KD, Crysler C. Design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of novel αvβ3 integrin ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4553-5. [PMID: 15357991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2004] [Revised: 06/08/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies on integrin alphaVbeta3 have implicated this receptor in a number of pathologies. In this article we describe some of our initial efforts to design small molecules alphaVbeta3 ligands incorporating an indole core template and an oxyguanidine as basic ending. Synthesis, biochemical activity and pharmacological properties are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Marugan
- 3-Dimensional Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Eagleview Corporate Center, 665 Stockton Drive, Suite 104, Exton, PA 19341, USA.
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49
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Marinelli L, Gottschalk KE, Meyer A, Novellino E, Kessler H. Human integrin alphavbeta5: homology modeling and ligand binding. J Med Chem 2004; 47:4166-77. [PMID: 15293989 DOI: 10.1021/jm030635j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The recently reported crystal structures of the extracellular domains of the alphavbeta3 integrin in its unligated state and in complex with the peptide cyclo(-RGDf[NMe]V-) have dramatically increased our understanding of ligand binding to integrins. Nonetheless, ligand selectivity toward different integrin subtypes is still a challenging problem complicated by the fact that 3D structures of most of the integrin subtypes remain unknown. In this study, a three-dimensional model for the human alphavbeta5 integrin was obtained using homology modeling based on the crystal coordinates of alphavbeta3 in its bound conformation as template. The modeled receptor was refined using energy minimization and molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. The refined alphavbeta5 model was used to explore the interactions between this integrin and alphavbeta3/alphavbeta5 dual and alphavbeta3-selective ligands in the attempt to provide a preliminary rationalization, at the molecular level, of ligand selectivity toward the two alphav integrins. It was found that, in the RGD binding site of the alphavbeta5 receptor, a partial "roof" composed mainly of the SDL residues Tyr179 and Lys180 is present and hampers the binding of compounds containing bulky substituents in the proximity of the carboxylate group. This study provides a testable hypothesis for alphav integrins subtype ligand binding selectivity, in line with both mutagenesis data and SARs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49-80131 Napoli, Italy
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50
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Pan D, Turner JL, Wooley KL. Shell Cross-Linked Nanoparticles Designed To Target Angiogenic Blood Vessels via αvβ3 Receptor−Ligand Interactions. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048824e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Pan
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899
| | - Jeffrey L. Turner
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899
| | - Karen L. Wooley
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Center for Materials Innovation and Department of Chemistry, One Brookings Drive, CB 1134, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130-4899
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