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Melis DR, Burgoyne AR, Ooms M, Gasser G. Bifunctional chelators for radiorhenium: past, present and future outlook. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:217-245. [PMID: 35434629 PMCID: PMC8942221 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRNT) is an ever-expanding field of nuclear medicine that provides a personalised approach to cancer treatment while limiting toxicity to normal tissues. It involves the radiolabelling of a biological targeting vector with an appropriate therapeutic radionuclide, often facilitated by the use of a bifunctional chelator (BFC) to stably link the two entities. The radioisotopes of rhenium, 186Re (t 1/2 = 90 h, 1.07 MeV β-, 137 keV γ (9%)) and 188Re (t 1/2 = 16.9 h, 2.12 MeV β-, 155 keV γ (15%)), are particularly attractive for radiotherapy because of their convenient and high-abundance β--particle emissions as well as their imageable γ-emissions and chemical similarity to technetium. As a transition metal element with multiple oxidation states and coordination numbers accessible for complexation, there is great opportunity available when it comes to developing novel BFCs for rhenium. The purpose of this review is to provide a recap on some of the past successes and failings, as well as show some more current efforts in the design of BFCs for 186/188Re. Future use of these radionuclides for radiotherapy depends on their cost-effective availability and this will also be discussed. Finally, bioconjugation strategies for radiolabelling biomolecules with 186/188Re will be touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Melis
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
| | - Andrew R Burgoyne
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Maarten Ooms
- SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre Boeretang 200 BE-2400 Mol Belgium +1 865 341 1413 +32 14 33 32 83
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University F-75005 Paris France www.gassergroup.com +33 1 44 27 56 02
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2
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Brink A, Jacobs FJF, Helliwell JR. Trends in coordination of rhenium organometallic complexes in the Protein Data Bank. IUCRJ 2022; 9:180-193. [PMID: 35371500 PMCID: PMC8895017 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252522000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical development has similar overall characteristics to any biomedical drug development requiring a compound's stability, aqueous solubility and selectivity to a specific disease site. However, organometallic complexes containing 188/186Re or 99mTc involve a d-block transition-metal radioactive isotope and therefore bring additional factors such as metal oxidation states, isotope purity and half life into play. This topical review is focused on the development of radiopharmaceuticals containing the radioisotopes of rhenium and technetium and, therefore, on the occurrence of these organometallic complexes in protein structures in the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB). The purpose of incorporating the group 7 transition metals of rhenium/technetium in the protein and the reasons for study by protein crystallography are described, as certain PDB studies were not aimed at drug development. Technetium is used as a medical diagnostic agent and involves the 99mTc isotope which decays to release gamma radiation, thereby employed for its use in gamma imaging. Due to the periodic relationship among group 7 transition metals, the coordination chemistry of rhenium is similar (but not identical) to that of technetium. The types of reactions the potential model radiopharmaceutical would prefer to partake in, and by extension knowing which proteins and biomolecules the compound would react with in vivo, are needed. Crystallography studies, both small molecule and macromolecular, are a key aspect in understanding chemical coordination. Analyses of bonding modes, coordination to particular residues and crystallization conditions are presented. In our Forward look as a concluding summary of this topical review, the question we ask is: what is the best way for this field to progress?
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brink
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Francois J. F. Jacobs
- Chemistry Department, University of the Free State, Nelson Mandela Drive, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - John R. Helliwell
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, United Kingdom
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3
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Lauder K, Masci D, Toscani A, Al Mekdad A, Black GW, Brown NL, Turner NJ, Luisi R, Castagnolo D. A facile and regioselective multicomponent synthesis of chiral aryl-1,2-mercaptoamines in water followed by monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) enzymatic resolution. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8982-8986. [PMID: 31584061 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile microwave assisted three-component protocol allows the synthesis of chiral aryl-1,2-mercaptoamines in water in a few minutes with high yields, bypassing the use of toxic aziridine intermediates. The chiral 1,2-mercaptoamines were then deracemized through enzymatic resolution of the racemates using monoamine oxidase (MAO-N) biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lauder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Domiziana Masci
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Anita Toscani
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Aya Al Mekdad
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
| | - Gary W Black
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola L Brown
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Ellison Place, NE1 8ST, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, M1 7DN, Manchester, UK
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari"A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, Bari 70125, Italy
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
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4
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Taira Y, Uehara T, Tsuchiya M, Takemori H, Mizuno Y, Takahashi S, Suzuki H, Hanaoka H, Akizawa H, Arano Y. Coordination-Mediated Synthesis of Purification-Free Bivalent 99mTc-Labeled Probes for in Vivo Imaging of Saturable System. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:459-466. [PMID: 29320158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the synthesis of technetium-99m (99mTc) labeled target-specific ligands, the presence of a large excess of unlabeled ligands over 99mTc in the injectate hinders target accumulation of 99mTc-labeled ligands by competing for target molecules. To circumvent the problem, we recently developed a concept of the metal coordination-mediated multivalency, and proved the concept with a 99mTc-labeled trivalent compound [99mTc(CO)3(CN-RGD)3]+. In this study, D-penicillamine (Pen) was selected as a chelating molecule and a cyclic RGDfK peptide was conjugated to Pen via a hexanoic linkage (Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)). 99mTc complexation reaction, and the stability, integrin αvβ3 binding affinity, and biodistribution of the 99mTc-labeled probe were investigated to evaluate the applicability of the concept to bivalent probes. 99mTc-[Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)]2 was obtained over 95% radiochemical yields under low Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK) concentration (50 μM). 99mTc-[Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)]2 showed approximately 10-times higher integrin αvβ3 binding affinity than the monovalent compounds, Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK) and c(RGDyV). In biodistribution studies, the tumor accumulation of 99mTc-[Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)]2 was decreased to 77% and 43% of HPLC-purified (Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)-free) 99mTc-[Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)]2 by the presence of 5 nmol of unlabeled Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK) and Re-[Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)]2, respectively. 99mTc-[Pen-Ahx-c(RGDfK)]2 provided tumor image without removing unlabeled ligand, while a 99mTc-labeled monovalent probe prepared from a monovalent ligand could not. These findings indicate the availability of the design concept to prepare 99mTc-labeled bivalent probes with a variety of 99mTc core and other metallic radionuclides of clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Taira
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Tomoya Uehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Masao Tsuchiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takemori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Shiori Takahashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hanaoka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University , Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Arano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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5
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Papagiannopoulou D. Technetium-99m radiochemistry for pharmaceutical applications. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:502-520. [PMID: 28618064 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Technetium-99m (99m Tc) is a widely used radionuclide, and the development of 99m Tc imaging agents continues to be in demand. This overview discusses basic principles of 99m Tc radiopharmaceutical preparation and design and focuses on the 99m Tc radiochemistry relevant to its pharmaceutical applications. The 99m Tc complexes are described based on the most typical examples in each category, keeping up with the state-of-the-art in the field. In addition, the main current strategies to develop targeted 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysia Papagiannopoulou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Dahy AA, Al-Farrag ES, Al-Hokbany NS, Mahfouz RM. Synthesis, characterization and DFT calculations of a Re(V)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione complex. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2016.1151010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eida S. Al-Farrag
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah S. Al-Hokbany
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat M. Mahfouz
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg 67000, France
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8
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Abstract
Technetium and Rhenium are the two lower elements in the manganese triad. Whereas rhenium is known as an important part of high resistance alloys, technetium is mostly known as a cumbersome product of nuclear fission. It is less known that its metastable isotope 99mTc is of utmost importance in nuclear medicine diagnosis. The technical application of elemental rhenium is currently complemented by investigations of its isotope 188Re , which could play a central role in the future for internal, targeted radiotherapy. This article will briefly describe the basic principles behind diagnostic methods with radionuclides for molecular imaging, review the 99mTc -based radiopharmaceuticals currently in clinical routine and focus on the chemical challenges and current developments towards improved, radiolabeled compounds for diagnosis and therapy in nuclear medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ROGER ALBERTO
- University of Zürich, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Mercey G, Reboul V, Gulea M, Levillain J, Gaumont AC. Synthetic Methodologies for the Preparation of β-Amino Thiols. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Wang G, Sun H, Cao X, Li Y, Chen L. Asymmetric Michael Additions Catalysed by Functionalised Quaternary Alkylammonium Ionic Liquids. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/174751912x13280326501363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Some functionalised quaternary alkylammonium ionic liquids were synthesised and examined as organocatalysts for asymmetric Michael additions of aldehydes and ketones to nitroolefins. All of them exhibited excellent enantioselectivities (>99% ee) and diastereoselectivities (> 99/1 d/r). One of the catalysts ( S)- N,N-dimethyl- N-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-2-methylpropan-1-aminium bromide could be recovered for reuse with similar results, and triethylamine was found to be an effective additive to enhance its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Huichao Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ligong Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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11
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Eleventh international symposium on radiopharmaceutical chemistry: Abstracts. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580370301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Pyrrolidine-Based Chiral Quaternary Alkylammonium Ionic Liquids as Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Michael Additions. Catal Letters 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-011-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Mahfouz R, Al-Frag E, Siddiqui MRH, Al-kiali WZ, Karama O. New aqua rhenium oxocomplex; synthesis, characterization, thermal studies, DFT calculations and catalytic oxidations. ARAB J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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14
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Bartholomä MD, Louie AS, Valliant JF, Zubieta J. Technetium and Gallium Derived Radiopharmaceuticals: Comparing and Contrasting the Chemistry of Two Important Radiometals for the Molecular Imaging Era. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2903-20. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Bartholomä
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
| | - Anika S. Louie
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
| | - John F. Valliant
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, and Department of Chemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ON L8S 4M1
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15
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Mercey G, Lohier JF, Gaumont AC, Levillain J, Gulea M. Versatile Synthesis of Secondary 2-Amino Thiols and/or Their Disulfides via Thiazolinium Salts. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Matsumoto T, Shiine K, Mataka S, Thiemann T. Estrano[17,16-e]pyrimidine-amino acid and estrano[17,16-e]pyrimidine-peptide conjugates. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2009. [DOI: 10.3184/030823409x460722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Estrone has been converted to an aminopyrimidino [17,16-e]-annelated estrane derivative. A number of amino acids, dipeptides and tripeptides have been linked to the aminopyrimidino unit of the annelated steroid. The tripeptide motifs may be used for the complexation of metals, such as of technetium as a radiolabel for the potential detection of estrogen positive breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Matsumoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Kodai Shiine
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Mataka
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Thies Thiemann
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koh-en, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- CIMAGO, University of Coimbra, P-3030 Coimbra, Portugal
- College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Amir N, Roohi S, Ahmad M, Pervez S, Saeed S. Comparative studies of S-bridged complexes of 99mTc with fac(S)-[M(aet)3] (M=RhIII, IrIII; aet=2-aminoethanethiolate). RADIOCHIM ACTA 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2009.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Bartholomä M, Valliant J, Maresca KP, Babich J, Zubieta J. Single amino acid chelates (SAAC): a strategy for the design of technetium and rhenium radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:493-512. [PMID: 19283279 DOI: 10.1039/b814903h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bartholomä
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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19
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Hartinger CG, Dyson PJ. Bioorganometallic chemistry--from teaching paradigms to medicinal applications. Chem Soc Rev 2008; 38:391-401. [PMID: 19169456 DOI: 10.1039/b707077m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 840] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In undergraduate level organometallic chemistry courses students are usually taught that organometallic compounds are toxic and unstable in air and water. While this is true of many complexes, some are also non-toxic and stable in air and water. Indeed, bioorganometallic chemistry, the study of biomolecules or biologically active molecules that contain at least one carbon directly bound to a metal, is a thriving subject, and air and water stability is a general pre-requisite. This interdisciplinary field is located at the borderline between chemistry, biochemistry, biology and medicine. In this tutorial review, various aspects of bioorganometallic chemistry are introduced, with the main emphasis on medicinal organometallic compounds. Organometallic therapeutics for cancer, HIV and malaria and other medicinal applications are described. It is also shown how rational ligand design has led to new improved therapies much in the same way that an organometallic chemist working in catalysis will design new ligands for improved activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian G Hartinger
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Amir N, Roohi S, Pervez S, Mushtaq A, Jehangir M, Miyashita Y, Okamoto K. S-bridged complex of 99mTc with fac(S)-[Rh(aet)3]: Quality control, characterization and biodistribution studies in rats. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-7244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Cappelli A, Mancini A, Sudati F, Valenti S, Anzini M, Belloli S, Moresco RM, Matarrese M, Vaghi M, Fabro A, Fazio F, Vomero S. Synthesis and biological characterization of novel 2-quinolinecarboxamide ligands of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptors bearing technetium-99m or rhenium. Bioconjug Chem 2008; 19:1143-53. [PMID: 18510350 DOI: 10.1021/bc700437g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potential receptor imaging agents based on Tc-99m for the in vivo visualization of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) have been designed on the basis of the information provided by the previously published structure-affinity relationship studies, which suggested the existence of tolerance to voluminous substituents in the receptor area interacting with 3-position of the quinoline nucleus of 2-quinolinecarboxamides 5. In the first step of the investigation, the stereoelectronic features of the above-indicated receptor area were also probed by means of 4-phenyl-3-[(1-piperazinyl)methyl]-2-quinolinecarboxamide derivatives bearing different substituents on the terminal piperazine nitrogen atom (compounds 6a-f). The structure-affinity relationship data confirmed the existence of a tolerance to bulky lipophilic substituents and stimulated the design of bifunctional ligands based on the 4-phenyl-3-[(1-piperazinyl)methyl]-2-quinolinecarboxamide moiety (compounds 6h,j,k,m). The submicromolar PBR affinity of rhenium complexes 6j,m suggests that the presence of their metal-ligand moieties with encaged rhenium is fairly compatible with the interaction with the PBR binding site. Thus, in order to obtain information on the in vivo behavior of these bifunctional ligands, (99m)Tc-labeled compounds 6h,k were synthesized and evaluated in preliminary biodistribution and single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies. The results suggest that both tracers do not present a clear preferential distribution in tissues rich in PBR, probably because of their molecular dimensions, which may hamper both the intracellular diffusion toward PBR and the interaction with the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cappelli
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico and European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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22
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Wolohan P, Reichert DE. CoMSIA and docking study of rhenium based estrogen receptor ligand analogs. Steroids 2007; 72:247-60. [PMID: 17280694 PMCID: PMC1964785 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OPLS all atom force field parameters were developed in order to model a diverse set of novel rhenium based estrogen receptor ligands whose relative binding affinities (RBA) to the estrogen receptor alpha isoform (ERalpha) with respect to 17beta-estradiol were available. The binding properties of these novel rhenium based organometallic complexes were studied with a combination of Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) and docking. A total of 29 estrogen receptor ligands consisting of 11 rhenium complexes and 18 organic ligands were docked inside the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of ERalpha utilizing the program Gold. The top ranked pose was used to construct CoMSIA models from a training set of 22 of the estrogen receptor ligands which were selected at random. In addition scoring functions from the docking runs and the polar volume (PV) were also studied to investigate their ability to predict RBA ERalpha. A partial least-squares analysis consisting of the CoMSIA steric, electrostatic and hydrophobic indices together with the polar volume proved sufficiently predictive having a correlation coefficient, r(2), of 0.94 and a cross-validated correlation coefficient, q(2), utilizing the leave-one-out method of 0.68. Analysis of the scoring functions from Gold showed particularly poor correlation to RBA ERalpha which did not improve when the rhenium complexes were extracted to leave the organic ligands. The combined CoMSIA and polar volume model ranked correctly the ligands in order of increasing RBA ERalpha, illustrating the utility of this method as a prescreening tool in the development of novel rhenium based estrogen receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Reichert
- *Address all correspondence to: David E. Reichert, Ph.D., Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO 63110, phone: (314) 362-8461, fax: (314) 362-9940, e-mail:
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Baird IR, Mosi R, Olsen M, Cameron BR, Fricker SP, Skerlj RT. ‘3+1’ mixed-ligand oxorhenium(V) complexes and their inhibition of the cysteine proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin K. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2005.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Banerjee SR, Maresca KP, Francesconi L, Valliant J, Babich JW, Zubieta J. New directions in the coordination chemistry of 99mTc: a reflection on technetium core structures and a strategy for new chelate design. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 32:1-20. [PMID: 15691657 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 08/31/2004] [Accepted: 09/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional chelates offer a general approach for the linking of radioactive metal cations to macromolecules. In the specific case of 99mTc, a variety of technologies have been developed for assembling a metal-chelate-biomolecule complex. An evaluation of these methodologies requires an appreciation of the coordination characteristics and preferences of the technetium core structures and oxidation states, which serve as platforms for the development of the imaging agent. Three technologies, namely, the MAG3-based bifunctional chelates, the N-oxysuccinimidylhydrazino-nicotinamide system and the recently described single amino acid chelates for the {Tc(CO)3}1+ core, are discussed in terms of the fundamental coordination chemistry of the technetium core structures. In assessing the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies, we conclude that the single amino acid analogue chelates (SAAC), which are readily conjugated to small peptides by solid-phase synthesis methods and which form robust complexes with the {Tc(CO)3}1+ core, offer an effective alternative to the previously described methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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25
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Brady ED, Chong HS, Milenic DE, Brechbiel MW. Development of a spectroscopic assay for bifunctional ligand-protein conjugates based on copper. Nucl Med Biol 2004; 31:795-802. [PMID: 15246371 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2004] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 04/11/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple, non-radioactive method for the determination of ligand-to-protein ratio (L/P) for novel ligand-antibody conjugates has been developed based on an exchange equilibrium with the purple Cu(II) complex of arsenazo III. The method requires a UV/Vis spectrometer and has been verified for monoclonal antibody Herceptin conjugates of a variety of ligand modalities, including common macrocyclic compounds NOTA and TETA, and with a new bifunctional tachpyridine (1H-Pyrrole-1-butanamide,N-[4-[[(1alpha,3alpha,5alpha)-3,5-bis[(2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]cyclohexyl](2-pyridinylmethyl)amino]butyl]-2,5-dihydro-2,5-dioxo-(9CI)). The spectroscopically derived values for L/P were verified by titration of the ligand-antibody conjugate with 64Cu. In each case, the value obtained by UV/Vis spectroscopy matches that found by radiolabeling. The method is rapid, taking less than 30 minutes with each ligand in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Brady
- Radioimmune and Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Mashaly MM. Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Oxorhenium(V) Complexes with Annulene Derivatives and Their Biological Activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1081/sim-120027321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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27
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Mull ES, Sattigeri VJ, Rodriguez AL, Katzenellenbogen JA. Aryl cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl rhenium complexes: novel ligands for the estrogen receptor with potential use as estrogen radiopharmaceuticals. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:1381-98. [PMID: 11886802 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The need for imaging agents for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumors that are both cost effective and widely available, as well as the need for novel radiotherapeutic agents for the treatment of breast cancer, has prompted us to investigate cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl metal [CpMet(CO)(3), Met=Re, Tc-99m] complexes that bind well to the ER. Thus, we have prepared a series of p-hydroxyphenyl-substituted CpRe(CO)(3) complexes and evaluated them (and, in some cases, their cyclopentadiene precursors) for binding to ER. These compounds constitute a new class of structurally integrated organometallic ligands for ER in which the CpMet(CO)(3 )organometallic unit forms the very structural core of these molecules and thus is necessarily intimately involved in their interaction with the receptor. The CpRe(CO)(3) compounds were prepared by reaction of the lithium salt of the arene-substituted cyclopentadiene with a suitable Re(CO)(3)(+) precursor, followed by deprotection of the methyl ether. The X-ray crystal structure of one of these analogues shows that it has the classical 'piano stool'-like geometry, with the alkyl groups directed upward, away from the tripodyl metal carbonyl base. The aryl-substituted CpRe(CO)(3) complexes that we have prepared all bind to the ER, some with affinity as great as 20% that of the native ligand, estradiol. In general, at least two p-hydroxyphenyl substituents and one to two alkyl groups attached to the organometallic cyclopentadienyl core are needed for high ER affinity. Where we have been able to make comparisons, the metal complexes bind to ER with an affinity greater than their cyclopentadiene precursors. The high affinity of some of these complexes indicates that the bulky Re(CO)(3) unit is able to exploit the considerable volume in the center of the ER ligand binding pocket that is not occupied by most ligands, a consideration that is supported by molecular modeling. The preparation of the best of these agents in technetium-99m labeled form is currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Mull
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA
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Abstract
99mTc radiopharmaceuticals play an important role in widespread applications of nuclear medicine. When 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals first came into use, major efforts were directed toward the development of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for bone imaging and for the excretory functions of the liver and kidneys. In the past 20 years, a significant advance has been made in technetium chemistry, which provided 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for assessment of regional cerebral and myocardial blood flow. Recent efforts have been directed toward the design of 99mTc-labeled compounds for estimating receptor or transporter functions. A number of bifunctional chelating agents that provide 99mTc labeled proteins and peptides of high in vivo stability with high radiochemical yields have also been developed. More recently, organometallic technetium and rhenium compounds have been introduced as another class of 99mTc radiopharmaceutical design. In this manuscript, recent progress in 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals is reviewed with the major emphasis laid on key innovations in this field to provide the 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals available today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Arano
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Radiotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
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30
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Zablotskaya A, Segal I, Germane S, Shestakova I, Lukevics E, Kniess T, Spies H. Synthesis and biological activity of ?3?+?1? mixed ligand (3-thiapentane-1,5-dithiolato)oxorhenium(V) complexes bearing 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro(iso)quinoline and quinoline. Appl Organomet Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The past several years have seen marked advances in technetium/rhenium chemistry applicable to the preparation of new 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. This article focuses on recent developments in technetium chemistry, including the preparation of "3 + 1" complexes, the preparation and use of (99mTc[CO]3)+ complexes for labeling biomolecules, the preparation of rhenium steroid inclusion complexes, improvements in both hydrazinonicotinamide labeling chemistry and in the preformed 99mTc complex method of labeling biomolecules, and new solid-phase separation techniques that may allow the isolation of high specific-activity radiopharmaceuticals in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Mease
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Abstract
The progress in diagnostic nuclear medicine over the years since the discovery of 99mTc is indeed phenomenal. Over 80% of the radiopharmaceuticals currently being used make use of this short-lived, metastable radionuclide, which has reigned as the workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine. The preeminence of 99mTc is attributable to its optimal nuclear properties of a short half-life and a gamma photon emission of 140 keV, which is suitable for high-efficiency detection and which results in low radiation exposure to the patient. 99mTcO4-, which is readily available as a column eluate from a 99Mo/99mTc generator, is reduced in the presence of chelating agents. The versatile chemistry of technetium emerging from the 8 possible oxidation states, along with a proper understanding of the structure-biologic activity relationship, has been exploited to yield a plethora of products meant for morphologic and functional imaging of different organs. This article reviews the evolution of 99mTc dating back to its discovery, the development of 99Mo/99mTc generators, and the efforts to exploit the diverse chemistry of the element to explore a spectrum of compounds for diagnostic imaging, planar, and single photon emission computed tomography. A brief outline of the 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals currently being used has been categorically presented according to the organs being imaged. Newer methods of labeling involving bifunctional chelating agents (which encompass the "3 + 1" ligand system, Tc(CO)3(+1)-containing chelates, hydrazinonicotinamide, water-soluble phosphines, and other Tc-carrying moieties) have added a new dimension for the preparation of novel technetium compounds. These developments in technetium chemistry have opened new avenues in the field of diagnostic imaging. These include fundamental aspects in the design and development of target-specific agents, including antibodies, peptides, steroids, and other small molecules that have specific receptor affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banerjee
- Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Femia FJ, Chen X, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Synthesis and characterization of a ‘3+2’ {Re(V)O}3+ core complex carrying the ONS/PO donor atom set. Inorganica Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(01)00394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Femia FJ, Chen X, Maresca KP, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Syntheses and structural characterization of rhenium-bis-hydrazinopyrimidine core complexes with thiolate and Schiff base coligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000; 310:210-216. [PMID: 20640229 PMCID: PMC2904462 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of perrhenate with 2-hydrazinopyrimidine in MeOH-HCl yields [ReCl(3)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2)H)(eta(2)-HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))] (1). The analogous reaction with Na(2)MoO(4) yields [MoCl(3)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2)H)(eta(2)-HNNHC(4)H(3)N(2))] (1a). The reaction of 1 with pyrimidine-2-thiol and triethylamine produces [Re(eta(1)-C(4)H(3)N(2)S)(eta(2)-C(4)H(3)N(2)S)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(eta(2)-HNNC(4)H(3)N(2))] (2), while reaction of 1 with the Schiff base HSC(6)H(4)N=C(H)C(6)H(4)OH provides [Re(eta(3)-SC(6)H(4)N=C(H)C(6)H(4)O)(eta(1)-NNC(4)H(3)N(2))(eta(2)-C(6)H(4)O)(eta(1)-NNC(5)H(4)N)(eta(2)-HNNC(5)H(4)N)] (4), was also synthesized by reacting [ReCl(3)(eta(1)-NNC(5)H(4)NH)(eta(2)-HNNC(5)H(4)N)] with HSC(6)H(4)N=C(H)C(6)H(4)OH. The crystal structures of 1-4 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Femia
- Room 1 -014, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 -4100, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Room 1 -014, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 -4100, USA
| | | | - John W. Babich
- Biostream, Inc., 160 Second Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jon Zubieta
- Room 1 -014, Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244 -4100, USA
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Cesati RR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Preparation of hexahydrobenzo[f]isoquinolines using a vinylogous pictet-spengler cyclization. Org Lett 2000; 2:3635-8. [PMID: 11073663 DOI: 10.1021/ol006533u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A vinylogous Pictet-Spengler cyclization has been carried out using activated aldehydes, ketones, and alkynes to prepare a variety of substituted hexahydrobenzo[f]isoquinolines. A unique set of conditions was utilized to effect efficient cyclization with acid-sensitive electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Cesati
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Femia FJ, Chen X, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Oxorhenium(V) complexes containing tridentate Schiff-base and monothiol coligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2000; 300-302:517-524. [PMID: 20592940 PMCID: PMC2893357 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [n-(C(4)H(9))(4)N][ReOBr(4)(OPPh(3))] with the tridentate Schiff-base [HOC(6)H(4)C(H)NC(6)H(4)SH] allows for the isolation of [ReOBr{eta(3)-(OC(6)H(4)C(H)NC(6)H(4)S)}] (1). The reaction of [n-(C(4)H(9))(4)N][ReOBr(4)(OPPh(3))] with [HOC(6)H(4)C(H)NC(6)H(4)SH] and the appropriate benzenethiol (C(6)H(4)X-4-SH) where X=H, Br, Cl, F, and OCH(3) in methanol-acetonitrile treated with triethylamine has led to the isolation of a series of rhenium complexes of the type [ReO{eta(3)-(OC(6)H(4)C(H)NC(6)H(4)S)} (eta(1)-C(6)H(4)X-4-S)] (X=H (2), Br (3), Cl (4), F (5), and OCH(3) (6)). Likewise, under similar reaction conditions, the use of benzylmercaptan ligands of the type (C(6)H(4)X-4-CH(2)SH) where X=H, Cl, F, and OCH(3) has led to the isolation of a series of rhenium complexes of the type [ReO{eta(3)-(OC(6)H(4)C(H)NC(6)H(4)S)} (eta(1)-C(6)H(4)X-4-CH(2)S)] (X=H (7), Cl (8), F (9), and OCH(3) (10)). The incorporation of the appropriate amine functionality into the substituent R of the monodentate ligand allows for the isolation of a cationic oxorhenium(V) species, namely, [ReO{eta(3)-(OC(6)H(4)C(H)NC(6)H(4)S)} (eta(1)-C(5)H(4)NH-2-S)][Br] (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Femia
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Skaddan MB, Wüst FR, Jonson S, Syhre R, Welch MJ, Spies H, Katzenellenbogen JA. Radiochemical synthesis and tissue distribution of Tc-99m-labeled 7alpha-substituted estradiol complexes. Nucl Med Biol 2000; 27:269-78. [PMID: 10832084 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of breast cancer could be improved by the development of radiopharmaceutical imaging agents that provide a noninvasive determination of the estrogen receptor (ER) status of tumor cells. Agents labeled with (99m)Tc would be especially valuable in this regard. In attempting to achieve this goal, we synthesized four (99m)Tc-labeled 7alpha-substituted estradiol complexes. One complex utilizes the "3+1" mixed ligand design to introduce the Tc metal, whereas the other three took advantage of the cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmetal (CpTM) design. The Tc moieties were attached to the 7alpha position of estradiol with a hexyl tether, a monoether tether, or a polyether tether. The corresponding rhenium compounds have binding affinities for the ER of 20-45% compared with estradiol. Radiochemical yields of the (99m)Tc-labeled compounds ranged from approximately 15% for the CpT-Tc complexes to 95% for the 3 + 1 inorganic complex. Tissue distribution studies in immature female rats showed low nonreceptor-mediated uptake in the target organs and high uptake in nontarget organs such as the liver and fat. These complexes represent the first time that estradiol has been labeled at the 7alpha position with (99m)Tc and provide a further refinement of our understanding of ligand structure-binding affinity correlations for the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Skaddan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Skaddan MB, Wüst FR, Katzenellenbogen JA. Synthesis and Binding Affinities of Novel Re-Containing 7alpha-Substituted Estradiol Complexes: Models for Breast Cancer Imaging Agents. J Org Chem 1999; 64:8108-8121. [PMID: 11674724 DOI: 10.1021/jo990641g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of breast cancer could be improved by the development of imaging radiopharmaceuticals that provide a noninvasive determination of the estrogen receptor status in the tumor cells. Toward this goal, we have synthesized a number of novel Re-containing 7alpha-substituted estradiol complexes. The introduction of the 7alpha side chain involves the alkylation of tetrahydropyranyloxy-protected 6-keto estradiol. The methods used to introduce the rhenium metal involve "3 + 1" and "4 + 1" mixed ligand complexes (2a-c and 5, respectively), tricarbonyl dithioether complexes (3), and the cyclopentadienyltricarbonylmetal organometallic system (4ab, 6, 7). These complexes showed binding affinities for the estrogen receptor (as high as 45% for the "3 + 1" complex 2c) when compared to the native ligand estradiol. The polarity of some complexes (4ab) was modified to improve biodistribution properties by introducing (poly)ether linkages into the 7alpha side chain (6, 7). These complexes provide a further refinement of our understanding of ligand structure-binding affinity correlations for the estrogen receptor, and they furnish the synthetic groundwork for the synthesis of the analogous Tc-99m complexes for evaluation as breast tumor imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B. Skaddan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, and Institut für Bioanorganische und Radiopharmazeutische Chemie, FZ-Rossendorf e.V., Dresden, Germany
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Liu S, Edwards DS. 99mTc-Labeled Small Peptides as Diagnostic Radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2235-68. [PMID: 11749481 DOI: 10.1021/cr980436l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company, Medical Imaging Division, 331 Treble Cove Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862
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42
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Jurisson SS, Lydon JD. Potential technetium small molecule radiopharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 1999; 99:2205-18. [PMID: 11749479 DOI: 10.1021/cr980435t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 507] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S S Jurisson
- Chemistry Department, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Volkert
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri 65211 and Departments of Radiology and Internal Medicine and Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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Top S, Lehn JS, Morel P, Jaouen G. Synthesis of cyclopentadienyltricarbonylrhenium(I) carboxylic acid from perrhenate. J Organomet Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-328x(99)00116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The administration of radiolabeled compounds with gamma-emitting radionuclides allows real time pursuit of in vivo behavior of the compounds by external counting of the radioactivity. If the compounds possess a specific localization mechanism to target tissue, the image reflects the specific function of the target. This technique has widely been applied in diagnostic nuclear medicine combined with appropriate radionuclides for clinical use. Two strategies have been developed to design radiolabeled compounds for targeted imaging. One constitutes tethering radiolabeled compounds to carrier molecules that possess specific localization mechanisms to target tissue. Another approach constitutes chemical design of radiolabeled compounds, especially metallic compounds, that possess specific localization characteristics to the target per se. In this manuscript, progress of chemical design of radiolabeled compounds for targeted imaging is briefly reviewed. Emphasis is laid on chemical design of radiolabeled antibodies for targeted imaging.
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Blower PJ, Prakash S. The chemistry of rhenium in nuclear medicine. PERSPECTIVES ON BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1062-239x(99)80029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Skaddan MB, Katzenellenbogen JA. Integrated "3+1" oxorhenium(V) complexes as estrogen mimics. Bioconjug Chem 1999; 10:119-29. [PMID: 9893973 DOI: 10.1021/bc980094q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis and staging of breast cancer could be improved by the development of imaging radiopharmaceuticals that provide a noninvasive determination of the estrogen receptor (ER) status of tumor cells. Toward this goal, we have synthesized a number of integrated "3+1" oxorhenium(V) complexes designed to mimic estradiol and a class of nonsteroidal estrogens, the tetrahydrochrysenes (THC). The monodentate component of the estradiol mimic is a p-hydroxyphenethyl thiol ligand with ethyl substituents at the benzylic and homobenzylic positions. Model complexes of this ligand were easily made, but steric hindrance of the secondary thiol prevented the formation of the complex with the disubstituted ligand. The three "3+1" oxorhenium(V) complexes prepared to mimic the THC class mimics represent the first pyridinedithiol rhenium complexes of their kind to be made. These complexes are quite stable to air and moisture. The target tridentate ligand was prepared from chelidamic acid, and the VT NMR of the rhenium complex displays interesting fluxional behavior. The binding affinities of these complexes for the estrogen receptor are low, and their lipophilicities are rather high. Nevertheless, our findings provide a further refinement of our understanding of ligand structure-binding affinity correlations for the estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Skaddan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Maresca KP, Bonavia GH, Babich JW, Zubieta J. Synthesis and characterization of oxorhenium-`3+1' mixed-thiolate complexes. Crystal and molecular structures of [ReO{η3-(SCH2CH2)2S}(C6H4X-4-CH2S)] (X=F, Cl, Br, OMe) and of the pendant thiolate compounds [ReO{η3-(SCH2CH2)2S}(η1-SCH2CH2SCH2CH2SH)] and [ReO{η3-(SCH2CH2)2S}{η1-SCH2CH(OH)CH(OH)CH2SH}]. Inorganica Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(98)00296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Giblin MF, Wang N, Hoffman TJ, Jurisson SS, Quinn TP. Design and characterization of alpha-melanotropin peptide analogs cyclized through rhenium and technetium metal coordination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:12814-8. [PMID: 9788997 PMCID: PMC23606 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.22.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/1997] [Accepted: 08/27/1998] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) analogs, cyclized through site-specific rhenium (Re) and technetium (Tc) metal coordination, were structurally characterized and analyzed for their abilities to bind alpha-MSH receptors present on melanoma cells and in tumor-bearing mice. Results from receptor-binding assays conducted with B16 F1 murine melanoma cells indicated that receptor-binding affinity was reduced to approximately 1% of its original levels after Re incorporation into the cyclic Cys4,10, D-Phe7-alpha-MSH4-13 analog. Structural analysis of the Re-peptide complex showed that the disulfide bond of the original peptide was replaced by thiolate-metal-thiolate cyclization. A comparison of the metal-bound and metal-free structures indicated that metal complexation dramatically altered the structure of the receptor-binding core sequence. Redesign of the metal binding site resulted in a second-generation Re-peptide complex (ReCCMSH) that displayed a receptor-binding affinity of 2.9 nM, 25-fold higher than the initial Re-alpha-MSH analog. Characterization of the second-generation Re-peptide complex indicated that the peptide was still cyclized through Re coordination, but the structure of the receptor-binding sequence was no longer constrained. The corresponding 99mTc- and 188ReCCMSH complexes were synthesized and shown to be stable in phosphate-buffered saline and to challenges from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and free cysteine. In vivo, the 99mTcCCMSH complex exhibited significant tumor uptake and retention and was effective in imaging melanoma in a murine-tumor model system. Cyclization of alpha-MSH analogs via 99mTc and 188Re yields chemically stable and biologically active molecules with potential melanoma-imaging and therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Giblin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Expansion of the ‘3 + 1’ concept of oxorhenium-thiolate chemistry to cationic and binuclear complexes. INORG CHEM COMMUN 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(98)00056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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