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Wittmann HJ, Seifert R, Strasser A. Mathematical analysis of the sodium sensitivity of the human histamine H3 receptor. In Silico Pharmacol 2014; 2:1. [PMID: 27502620 PMCID: PMC4644138 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-014-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It was shown by several experimental studies that some G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are sensitive to sodium ions. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies or the determination of crystal structures of the adenosine A2A or δ-opioid receptor revealed an allosteric Na+ binding pocket near to the highly conserved Asp2.50. Within a previous study, the influence of NaCl concentration onto the steady-state GTPase activity at the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) in presence of the endogenous histamine or the inverse agonist thioperamide was analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to examine and quantify the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R on a molecular level. Methods To achieve this, we developed a set of equations, describing constitutive activity and the different ligand-receptor equilibria in absence or presence of sodium ions. Furthermore, in order to gain a better understanding of the ligand- and Na+-binding to hH3R on molecular level, we performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Results The analysis of the previously determined experimental steady-state GTPase data with the set of equations presented within this study, reveals that thioperamide binds into the orthosteric binding pocket of the hH3R in absence or presence of a Na+ in its allosteric binding site. However, the data suggest that thioperamide binds preferentially into the hH3R in absence of a sodium ion in its allosteric site. These experimental results were supported by MD simulations of thioperamide in the binding pocket of the inactive hH3R. Furthermore, the MD simulations revealed two different binding modes for thioperamide in presence or absence of a Na+ in its allosteric site. Conclusion The mathematical model presented within this study describes the experimental data regarding the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R in an excellent manner. Although the present study is focused onto the Na+-sensitivity of the hH3R, the resulting equations, describing Na+- and ligand-binding to a GPCR, can be used for all other ion-sensitive GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany.
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2
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Comparison of the pharmacological properties of human and rat histamine H(3)-receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1437-49. [PMID: 20688049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ligand pharmacology of histamine H(3)-receptors is species-dependent. In previous studies, two amino acids in transmembrane domain 3 (TM III) were shown to play a significant role. In this study, we characterized human and rat histamine H(3)-receptors (hH(3)R and rH(3)R, respectively), co-expressed with mammalian G proteins in Sf9 insect cell membranes. We compared a series of imidazole-containing H(3)R ligands in radioligand binding and steady-state GTPase assays. H(3)Rs similarly coupled to Gα(i/o)-proteins. Affinities and potencies of the agonists histamine, N(α)-methylhistamine and R-(α)-methylhistamine were in the same range. Imetit was only a partial agonist. The pharmacology of imetit and proxifan was similar at both species. However, impentamine was more potent and efficacious at rH(3)R. The inverse agonists ciproxifan and thioperamide showed higher potency but lower efficacy at rH(3)R. Clobenpropit was not species-selective. Strikingly, imoproxifan was almost full agonist at hH(3)R, but an inverse agonist at rH(3)R. Imoproxifan was docked into the binding pocket of inactive and active hH(3)R- and rH(3)R-models and molecular dynamic simulations were performed. Imoproxifan bound to hH(3)R and rH(3)R in E-configuration, which represents the trans-isomer of the oxime-moiety as determined in crystallization studies, and stabilized active hH(3)R-, but inactive rH(3)R-conformations. Large differences in electrostatic surfaces between TM III and TM V cause differential orientation of the oxime-moiety of imoproxifan, which then differently interacts with the rotamer toggle switch Trp(6.48) in TM VI. Collectively, the substantial species differences at H(3)Rs are explained at a molecular level by the use of novel H(3)R active-state models.
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Yang X, Liu G, Li H, Zhang Y, Song D, Li C, Wang R, Liu B, Liang W, Jing Y, Zhao G. Novel Oxadiazole Analogues Derived from Ethacrynic Acid: Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships in Inhibiting the Activity of Glutathione S-Transferase P1-1 and Cancer Cell Proliferation. J Med Chem 2010; 53:1015-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9011565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Guyue Liu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hongcai Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Song
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Chunmin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yongkui Jing
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029
| | - Guisen Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P. R. China
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4
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Strasser A. Molecular modeling and QSAR-based design of histamine receptor ligands. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:1061-75. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903264972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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5
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Chen HF. Computational study of histamine H3-receptor antagonist with support vector machines and three dimension quantitative structure activity relationship methods. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 624:203-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Sander K, Kottke T, Stark H. Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonists Go to Clinics. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2163-81. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Tim Kottke
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
| | - Holger Stark
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie
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7
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Oximes of five-membered heterocyclic compounds with two heteroatoms 2. Reactions and biological activity (Review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-007-0151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Kitbunnadaj R, Hoffmann M, Fratantoni SA, Bongers G, Bakker RA, Wieland K, el Jilali A, De Esch IJP, Menge WMPB, Timmerman H, Leurs R. New high affinity H3 receptor agonists without a basic side chain. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6309-23. [PMID: 16213736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2004] [Revised: 05/02/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we replaced the basic amine function of the known histamine H(3) receptor agonists imbutamine or immepip with non-basic alcohol or hydrocarbon moieties. All compounds in this study show a moderate to high affinity for the cloned human H(3) receptor and, unexpectedly, almost all of them act as potent agonists. Moreover, in the alcohol series, we consistently observed an increased selectivity for the human H(3) receptor over the human H(4) receptor, but none of the compounds in this series possess increased affinity and functional activity compared to their alkylamine congeners. In this new series of compounds VUF5657, 5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)-pentan-1-ol, is the most potent histamine H(3) receptor agonist (pK(i) = 8.0 and pEC(50) = 8.1) with a 320-fold selectivity at the human H(3) receptor over the human H(4) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruengwit Kitbunnadaj
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center of Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Tosco P, Bertinaria M, Di Stilo A, Cena C, Sorba G, Fruttero R, Gasco A. Furoxan analogues of the histamine H3-receptor antagonist imoproxifan and related furazan derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4750-9. [PMID: 15946850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2005] [Accepted: 05/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and pharmacological characterisation of a series of compounds in which the oxime substructure present in imoproxifan was constrained in the pentatomic NO-donor furoxan ring, as well as their structurally related furazan analogues devoid of NO-donating properties, are described. The whole series of products displayed reversible histamine H3-antagonistic activity on guinea-pig ileum. 4-(4-(3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)propoxy)phenyl)furoxan-3-carbonitrile 16 was also able to induce partial relaxation when added to the bath after electrical contraction of the guinea-pig ileum during the study of its H3-antagonistic properties. This phenomenon seems to be dependent on NO-mediated sGC activation. The lipophilic-hydrophilic balance of all the products was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tosco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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10
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Tosco P, Bertinaria M, Di Stilo A, Cena C, Fruttero R, Gasco A. Non-imidazole histamine NO-donor H3-antagonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 60:507-12. [PMID: 15927183 DOI: 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently a series of H3-antagonists related to Imoproxifan was realised (I); in these products the oxime substructure of the lead was constrained in NO-donor furoxan systems and in the corresponding furazan derivatives. In this paper, a new series of compounds derived from I by substituting the imidazole ring with the ethoxycarbonylpiperazino moiety present in the non-imidazole H3-ligand A-923 is described. For all the products synthesis and preliminary pharmacological characterisation, as well as their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, are reported. The imidazole ring replacement generally results in a decreased H3-antagonist activity with respect to the analogues of series I and, in some cases, induces relaxing effects on the electrically contracted guinea-pig ileum, probably due to increased affinity for other receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Tosco
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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11
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12
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Vacondio F, Mor M, Silva C, Zuliani V, Rivara M, Rivara S, Bordi F, Plazzi PV, Magnanini F, Bertoni S, Ballabeni V, Barocelli E, Carrupt PA, Testa B. Imidazole H3-antagonists: relationship between structure and ex vivo binding to rat brain H3-receptors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2004; 23:89-98. [PMID: 15324926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2004] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
H3-antagonists possess promising pharmacological effects on awakening, learning and memory, but few data on their access to the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported so far. The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationships between structure and brain penetration of a series of H3-antagonists, using ex vivo binding experiments in rats. H3-antagonists belonging to different chemical classes but all having an imidazole ring, an alkyl spacer, a polar fragment and a lipophilic ending group, were selected among the numerous H3-antagonists recently described by us. Ex vivo binding studies were performed by inhibiting specific [3H]-(R)-alpha-methylhistamine ([3H]-RAMHA) binding to rat cerebral cortical membranes following H3-antagonist peripheral administration. Ionization constants and partition coefficients in n-octanol/water and 1,2-dichloroethane/water were determined by the potentiometric pH-metric method and were compared to the ex vivo binding potencies to analyse structure-property relationships (SPR). In the ex vivo assay, the H3-antagonists showed different potencies (pED50) not correlated to their in vitro H3-receptor binding affinities (pKi). Compound 4a, having a benzothiazol-2-yl-thioethyl chain, showed high ex vivo potency (ED50=1.35 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and a fast brain penetration, eliciting maximal displacement of [3H]-RAMHA already 5 min after i.v. or i.p. administration. Ex vivo binding assays of three compounds, following i.v. and i.p. administration, showed that the observed i.p. ex vivo potencies were not significantly affected by biotransformation. Within the set of compounds, those having a better ability to reach the CNS had a logDoct(7.4) in the range 2-3.5, and a DeltalogPoct-dce < 2. The combined use of two easily measurable physicochemical descriptors, namely logDoct(7.4) (apparent lipophilicity at pH 7.4) and DeltalogPoct-dce (a descriptor of H-bond donor capacity) allowed to model brain permeation of the majority of the compounds examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vacondio
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27a, I-43100 Parma, Italy.
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13
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Meier G, Krause M, Hüls A, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Arrang JM, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. 4-(omega-(alkyloxy)alkyl)-1H-imidazole derivatives as histamine H(3) receptor antagonists/agonists. J Med Chem 2004; 47:2678-87. [PMID: 15115409 DOI: 10.1021/jm031065q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new histamine H(3) receptor antagonists usable as pharmacological tools we present here novel unsymmetrical ether derivatives. Etherification of different omega-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)alkyl scaffolds led to compounds containing alkyl chains of increasing lengths either with or without unsaturated termini, cycloalkyl or arylalkyl moieties, or additional heteroatoms. When investigated in an in vitro assay on rat synaptosomes, the majority of compounds displayed potencies in the low nanomolar concentration range at the H(3) receptor, e.g., 4-(3-(3-cyclopentylpropyloxy)propyl)-1H-imidazole (27, K(i) = 7 nM). FUB 465, 4-(3-(ethoxy)propyl)-1H-imidazole (14), a useful tool for the characterization of constitutive activity of H(3) receptors in vivo in rodents, proved to be of high oral in vivo potency in mice (ED(50) = 0.26 mg/kg). Further, the influence of chosen compounds on specific [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding was assayed on HEK293 cell membranes expressing the human histamine H(3) receptor revealing partial agonism of the compounds in this particular model. These distinct responses are further hints for "protean agonism" in this class of compounds. Additionally, selected compounds were functionally investigated in vitro on isolated organs of the guinea-pig at H(3), H(1), and H(2) receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Meier
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Pelloux-Léon N, Fkyerat A, Piripitsi A, Tertiuk W, Schunack W, Stark H, Garbarg M, Ligneau X, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Ganellin CR. Meta-Substituted Aryl(thio)ethers as Potent Partial Agonists (or Antagonists) for the Histamine H3 Receptor Lacking a Nitrogen Atom in the Side Chain. J Med Chem 2004; 47:3264-74. [PMID: 15163206 DOI: 10.1021/jm031141p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
4-(3-Aryloxypropyl)-1H-imidazoles, which possess a meta-positioned substituent in the aryl ring, have been synthesized and tested for activity at histamine H(3) receptors. The compounds having a CN, Me, or Br substituent were found to be antagonists, whereas CF(3), Et, i-Pr, t-Bu, COCH(3), or NO(2) substituents remarkably afforded partial agonists when tested in vitro on rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes for inhibition of [(3)H]histamine release. The compounds were also active in vivo, and furthermore, the CF(3)-substituted compound trifluproxim (UCL 1470, 7) acted as a potent full agonist in vivo, having ED(50) = 0.6 +/- 0.3 mg/kg per os in mice for inhibition of brain N(tau)-methylhistamine formation. Related structures have also been investigated; homologues 4-[4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)butyl]-1H-imidazole and 4-[2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylthio)ethyl]-1H-imidazole are shown to be partial agonists, whereas the O isostere 4-[2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)ethyl]-1H-imidazole is an antagonist as is the S homologue 4-[3-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylthio)propyl]-1H-imidazole and its CH(2) isostere 4-[4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)butyl]-1H-imidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Pelloux-Léon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, England, UK
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15
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Recent Progress in Histamine H3 Receptor Chemistry. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(04)39005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Mikó T, Ligneau X, Pertz HH, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Novel nonimidazole histamine H3 receptor antagonists: 1-(4-(phenoxymethyl)benzyl)piperidines and related compounds. J Med Chem 2003; 46:1523-30. [PMID: 12672253 DOI: 10.1021/jm021084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In an extension of very recently published studies on successful imidazole replacements in some series of histamine H(3) receptor antagonists, we report on a new class of lipophilic nonimidazole antagonist having an aliphatic tertiary amino moiety connected to a benzyl template substituted in the 4-position by a phenoxymethyl group. The structural modifications were performed with the intention to avoid possible negative side effects reported for other series of antagonists. The novel compounds combine different characteristics of recently developed histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. The compounds were screened for their affinity in a binding assay for the human histamine H(3) receptor stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells and tested for their in vivo potency in the central nervous system of mice after oral administration. Different substitution patterns on the phenoxy group were used to optimize in vitro and/or in vivo potency leading to some compounds with low nanomolar affinity and high oral in vivo potency. Modifications of the basic piperidino moiety were performed by ring expansion, contraction, and opening. Selected compounds exhibited selectivity in functional assays on isolated organs of guinea-pig for H(3) vs H(1) and H(2) receptors. Unexpectedly, some of the novel antagonists also showed a slight preference for the human histamine H(3) receptor compared to their affinities for the guinea-pig H(3) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Mikó
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, Germany
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Ting P, Lee J, Albanese M, Tom W, Solomon D, Aslanian R, Shih N, West R. The synthesis of substituted fluorenes as novel non-imidazole histamine h(3) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:2643-6. [PMID: 12182878 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel non-imidazole fluorene oxime 1a has been identified as a histamine H(3) inhibitor, and its structure-activity relationship has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Ting
- The Schering Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, 07033, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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18
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Sasse A, Ligneau X, Rouleau A, Elz S, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Influence of bulky substituents on histamine h(3) receptor agonist/antagonist properties. J Med Chem 2002; 45:4000-10. [PMID: 12190321 DOI: 10.1021/jm020910m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel derivatives of 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanol were designed on the basis of lead compounds belonging to the carbamate or ether series possessing (partial) agonist properties on screening assays of the histamine H(3) receptor. One pair of enantiomers in the series of alpha-methyl-branched chiral carbamates was stereoselectively prepared in high optical yields. Enantiomeric purity was checked by Mosher amide derivatives of precursors and capillary electrophoresis of the final compounds with trimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin as chiral selector, and was determined to be >/=95%. The novel compounds were investigated in various histamine H(3) receptor assays in vitro and in vivo. Some compounds displayed partial agonist activity on synaptosomes of rat brain cortex, whereas others exhibited antagonist properties only. Selected compounds were investigated in [(125)I]iodoproxyfan binding studies on the human histamine H(3) receptor and showed high affinity in the nanomolar concentration range. Under in vivo conditions after oral administration to mice, some of the compounds exhibited partial or full agonist activity in the brain at low dosages. The (S)-enantiomer of one pair of chiral carbamates (9) proved to be the eutomer; thus, the (S)-enantiomer was selected for further pharmacological studies. In a peripheral in vivo test model in rats, measuring the level of inhibition of capsaicin-induced plasma extravasation, (S)-9 again proved its high oral agonist potency with full intrinsic activity (ED(50) values of 0.07-0.1 mg/kg depending on tissue).
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Sasse
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Grassmann S, Sadek B, Ligneau X, Elz S, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Stark H, Schunack W. Progress in the proxifan class: heterocyclic congeners as novel potent and selective histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002; 15:367-78. [PMID: 11988398 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-0987(02)00024-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine H(3) receptors are critically involved in the pathophysiology of several disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Among other families of H(3)-receptor ligands, the proxifan class has recently been described to contain numerous potent histamine H(3)-receptor antagonists, e.g. ciproxifan or imoproxifan. In the present study, we report on the design of novel heterocyclic proxifan analogues and their antagonist potencies at histamine H(3) receptors. The new compounds were tested for in vitro and in vivo H(3)-receptor antagonist potencies in different species as well as for H(3)-receptor selectivity vs. H(1) and H(2) receptors. In vitro, all compounds investigated proved to be potent H(3)-receptor antagonists in the rat as well as in the guinea-pig. In addition, they showed good to high oral CNS potency in vivo in mice. Especially, oxadiazole derivatives 24-26 displayed nanomolar antagonist activity in vitro and high potency in vivo (ED(50)=0.47-0.57 mg/kg). The results show that the additional heteroaromatic moieties might act as bioisosteres of the ketone or oxime moieties of ciproxifan or imoproxifan, respectively, and might cause divergent pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, these novel H(3)-receptor antagonists are interesting leads for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Grassmann
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2+4, 14195, Germany.
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Tozer MJ, Buck IM, Cooke T, Kalindjian SB, Pether MJ, Steel KIM. omega-(Imidazol-4-yl)alkane-1-sulfonamides: a new series of potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:425-32. [PMID: 11741790 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
omega-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)alkane-1-sulfonamides were prepared and found to be potent histamine H(3) receptor antagonists. High receptor affinity and a low difference in the data between the bioassays were achieved with 5-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)pentane-1-sulfonic acid 4-chlorobenzylamide (16). Good in vitro profiles were also obtained for 2-hydroxysulfonamide and vinylsulfonamide analogues. This complements and completes the existing set of imidazole-based sulfonamides and sulfamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Tozer
- The James Black Foundation, 68 Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, SE24 9JE, London, UK.
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Stark H, Arrang JM, Ligneau X, Garbarg M, Ganellin CR, Schwartz JC, Schunack W. The histamine H3 receptor and its ligands. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2002; 38:279-308. [PMID: 11774797 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Stark
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Pharmazie, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Sasse A, Ligneau X, Sadek B, Elz S, Pertz HH, Ganellin CR, Arrang JM, Schwartz JC, Schunack W, Stark H. Benzophenone derivatives and related compounds as potent histamine H3-receptor antagonists and potential PET/SPECT ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2001; 334:45-52. [PMID: 11268774 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4184(200102)334:2<45::aid-ardp45>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Para-substituted aromatic ethers with benzophenone or related structural elements and a 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyloxy moiety were prepared by Mitsunobu-type ether synthesis or SNAr reaction. Most of the title compounds possess high antagonist potency in histamine H3-receptor assays in vitro as well as in vivo in mouse CNS following oral administration. After defining 4-(3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propyloxy)phenyl phenyl methanone as a new lead, structure-activity relationships were investigated for this new class of compounds. Substitution of the meta'-position of the benzophenone moiety with halogen atoms (e.g., iodine, fluorine) led to compounds with high antagonist potency in vitro as well as in vivo (Ki = 9.3 and 4.3 nM, ED50 = 0.7 and 0.47 mg/kg p.o., 18 and 12, respectively). A receptor profile of several functional in vitro assays for several biogenic amine receptors for the meta'-iodinated derivative demonstrated high selectivity toward the histamine H3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sasse
- Institut für Pharmazie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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