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Synthesis of novel pregnane-based 20-carboxamides via palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract20-Carboxamidopregnene derivatives, such as 3β-acetoxy-5α-pregn-20-ene-20-carboxamides and 5α-pregn-20-ene-20-carboxamides were synthesized from the widely accessible 3β-acetoxy-pregn-5,16-dien-20-one (PDA) using selective hydrogenation, hydrazine and iodoalkene formation, as well as palladium-catalysed aminocarbonylation. The 20-iodo-20-ene derivatives, obtained from the corresponding 20-keto derivatives via their hydrazones, served as substrates. 23 new 20-carboxamides were obtained using various N-nucleophiles ranging from simple primary amines to α-amino acid esters. The novelty of this methodology lies in the application of facile, moderate or high-yielding reactions to obtain otherwise hardly accessible steroidal 20-carboxamides of pharmaceutical importance. In other words, instead of the enzymatic or synthetic degradation of e.g., sterols or cholanic acids, functionalization of the basic skeleton (a ‘building-up’ approach) was used.
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Ansari NN, Cummings MM, Söderberg BCG. Chemoselectivity in the Kosugi-Migita-Stille coupling of bromophenyl triflates and bromo-nitrophenyl triflates with (ethenyl)tributyltin. Tetrahedron 2018; 74:2547-2560. [PMID: 30344349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kosugi-Migita-Stille cross coupling reactions of (ethenyl)tributyltin with all isomeric permutations of bromophenyl triflate and bromo-nitrophenyl triflate were examined in order to determine the chemoselectivity of carbon-bromine versus carbon-triflate bond coupling under different reaction conditions. In general, highly selective carbon-bromine bond cross couplings were observed using for example bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium dichloride (2 mol-%) in 1,4-dioxane at reflux. In contrast, reactions using the same pre-catalyst but in the presence of a three-fold excess of lithium chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide at ambient temperature were in most cases selective for coupling at the carbon-triflate bond. Overall, isolated yields and the selectivity for carbon-bromine bond coupling were significantly higher compared to carbon-triflate bond coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul N Ansari
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
| | - Matthew M Cummings
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
| | - Björn C G Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, USA
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Chung S, Sach N, Choi C, Yang X, Drozda SE, Singer RA, Wright SW. Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Tosylates to Carboxamides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2848-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Neal Sach
- Oncology
Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, La Jolla, California 92121, United States
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Kiss M, Mahó S, Böddi K, Boros B, Kollár L. Palladium-catalyzed diaminocarbonylation: synthesis of androstene dimers containing 3,3′- or 17,17′-dicarboxamide spacers. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Takács A, Kabak-Solt Z, Mikle G, Kollár L. Alkoxycarbonylpiperidines as N-nucleophiles in the palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Harris RM, Andrews BI, Clark S, Cooke JWB, Gray JCS, Ng SQQ. The Fit For Purpose Development of S1P1 Receptor Agonist GSK2263167 Using a Robinson Annulation and Saegusa Oxidation to Access an Advanced Phenol Intermediate. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400162p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Harris
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Benjamin I. Andrews
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stacy Clark
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Jason W. B. Cooke
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - John C. S. Gray
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Stephanie Q. Q. Ng
- Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development Ltd., Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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Salvador JAR, Pinto RMA, Silvestre SM. Steroidal 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) inhibitors useful in the treatment of prostatic diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:199-222. [PMID: 23688836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of steroidal inhibitors of androgen biosynthesis as potential weapons in the treatment of prostatic diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer will be reviewed. Two enzymes have been targeted in the development of inhibitors that potentially could be useful in the management of such conditions. 5α-Reductase is primarily of interest in benign prostatic disease, though some role in the chemoprevention of prostatic carcinoma have been considered, whereas the 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17) enzyme is of interest in the treatment of malignant disease. An overview of the main achievements obtained during the past years will be presented, however special focus will be made on steroidal molecules that reached clinical trials or have been commercially launched. Relevant examples of such drugs are finasteride, dutasteride, abiraterone acetate and galeterone (TOK-001, formerly known as VN/124-1). This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-295 Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Kiss M, Pálinkás N, Takács A, Mahó S, Kollár L. A systematic approach to the synthesis of androstane-based 3,17-dicarboxamides (homo- and mixed dicarboxamides) via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation. Steroids 2013; 78:693-9. [PMID: 23499827 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
3,17-Dicarboxamido-androst-3,5,16-triene derivatives possessing various amine moieties were synthesized under mild conditions using palladium-catalyzed homogeneous aminocarbonylation as key reaction. Compounds containing the corresponding iodoalkene functionalities, i.e., 17-iodo-16-ene and 3-iodo-3,5-diene structural motifs, were used in the aminocarbonylation and the N-nucleophiles were varied systematically. Three amines, such as tert-butylamine, piperidine and methyl alaninate were used as N-nucleophiles in the aminocarbonylation. All variations of 3,17-dicarboxamides were synthesized using this methodology. Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione was used as starting material. The synthetic strategy of the multistep synthesis was based on the systematic variation and consecutive use of three different reactions: (i) the protection/deprotection of one of the keto functionalities (3-one or 17-one) as ethylene ketals, (ii) the transformation of the other keto group to iodoalkene functionality via its hydrazone, and (iii) palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of the iodoalkene functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercédesz Kiss
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Govan JM, McIver AL, Riggsbee C, Deiters A. Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Activation of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells using Boronate Estrone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9066-70. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Govan JM, McIver AL, Riggsbee C, Deiters A. Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Activation of Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells using Boronate Estrone Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Synthesis and 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of C₂₁ steroids having 1,4-diene or 4,6-diene 20-ones and 4-azasteroid 20-oximes. Molecules 2011; 17:355-68. [PMID: 22210173 PMCID: PMC6268135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of some 4-azasteroid-20-ones and 20-oximes and 3β-hydroxy-, 3β-acetoxy-, or epoxy-substituted C₂₁ steroidal 20-ones and 20-oximes having double bonds in the A and/or B ring are described. Inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds was assessed using 5α-reductase enzyme and [1,2,6,7-³H]testosterone as substrate. All synthesized compounds were less active than finasteride (IC₅₀: 1.2 nM). Three 4-azasteroid-2-oximes (compounds 4, 6 and 8) showed good inhibitory activity (IC₅₀: 26, 10 and 11 nM) and were more active than corresponding 4-azasteroid 20-ones (compounds 3, 5 and 7). 3β-Hydroxy-, 3β-acetoxy- and 1α,2α-, 5α,6α- or 6α,7α-epoxysteroid-20-one and -20-oxime derivatives having double bonds in the A and/or B ring showed no inhibition of 5α-reductase enzyme.
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Szánti-Pintér E, Balogh J, Csók Z, Kollár L, Gömöry A, Skoda-Földes R. Synthesis of steroid-ferrocene conjugates of steroidal 17-carboxamides via a palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation--copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction sequence. Steroids 2011; 76:1377-82. [PMID: 21787798 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steroids with the 17-iodo-16-ene functionality were converted to ferrocene labeled steroidal 17-carboxamides via a two step reaction sequence. The first step involved the palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of the alkenyl iodides with prop-2-yn-1-amine as the nucleophile in the presence of the Pd(OAc)(2)/PPh(3) catalyst system. In the second step, the product N-(prop-2-ynyl)-carboxamides underwent a facile azide-alkyne cycloaddition with ferrocenyl azides in the presence of CuSO(4)/sodium ascorbate to produce the steroid-ferrocene conjugates. The new compounds were obtained in good yield and were characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, IR, MS and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szánti-Pintér
- University of Veszprém, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Egyetem u. 10. (P.O. Box 158) H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary
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Acs P, Takács A, Kiss M, Pálinkás N, Mahó S, Kollár L. Systematic investigation on the synthesis of androstane-based 3-, 11- and 17-carboxamides via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation. Steroids 2011; 76:280-90. [PMID: 21130794 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
3,17-Dicarboxamido-androst-3,5,16-triene, 3-carboxamido-androst-3,5-dien-17-one, 17-carboxamido-androst-4,16-dien-3-one and 11-carboxamido-androst-5,9(11)-dien-3,17-dione derivatives were synthesized in homogeneous carbonylation reactions from the corresponding 3,17-diiodo-androst-3,5,16-triene, 3-iodo-androst-3,5-diene-17-ethylene ketal, 17-iodo-androst-5,16-dien-3-ethylene ketal, 11-iodo-androst-5,9(11)-diene-3,17-bis(ethylene ketal) derivatives, respectively. A highly chemoselective palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation of the corresponding iodo-alkene, carried out under mild reaction conditions, can be considered as the key-step for the introduction of the carboxamide functionalities. The synthesis of the iodo-alkene substrate is based on the transformation of the corresponding keto derivative to hydrazone, which was treated with iodine in the presence of a base (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine). The aminocarbonylation reaction is highly tolerant towards the N-nucleophiles, i.e. various primary and secondary amines including amino acid methyl esters can also be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Acs
- University of Pécs, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Pécs, Hungary
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Takács A, Acs P, Berente Z, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Kollár L. Novel 13β- and 13α-D-homo steroids: 17a-carboxamido-D-homoestra-1,3,5(10),17-tetraene derivatives via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylations. Steroids 2010; 75:1075-81. [PMID: 20633571 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
17a-Methoxycarbonyl- and 17a-carboxamido-D-homoestra-1,3,5(10),17-tetraene derivatives were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions of the corresponding 17a-iodo-D-homoestra-1,3,5(10),17-tetraene derivatives using methanol and various amines as O- and N-nucleophiles, respectively. Both the natural (13β) and the epi (13α) series of compounds were isolated. The 17a-iodo-17-ene functionalities in the two 13-epimer series differ in reactivity. While the aminocarbonylations were practically complete in the 13β series in reasonable reaction time under mild conditions and high isolated yields were achieved, the corresponding 13α-17a-iodo-17-ene substrate has shown decreased reactivity resulting in moderate to low yields. However, under high carbon monoxide pressure (40 bar) excellent yields can be obtained even in the 13α series. The aminocarbonylation was completely chemoselective in both series, i.e., the corresponding 17a-carboxamido-17-ene derivatives were formed exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Takács
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Acs P, Takács A, Szilágyi A, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Kollár L. The synthesis of 17-alkoxycarbonyl- and 17-carboxamido-13alpha-estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraene derivatives via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions. Steroids 2008; 73:669-75. [PMID: 18367222 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2008] [Accepted: 02/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
17-Alkoxycarbonyl- and 17-carboxamido-13alpha-estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraenes were synthesized from the 17-iodo-13alpha-estra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraene derivative in palladium-catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation and aminocarbonylation reactions, respectively. The synthesis of the 17-iodo-16-ene derivative, used as substrate, is based on the transformation of the 17-keto derivative (epiestrone methyl ether) to hydrazone, which was treated with iodine in the presence of a base (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine). 17-Carboxamides were obtained in good yields (up to 88%) not only with simple alkyl/aryl amines but also with amino acid methyl esters as N-nucleophiles. The use of alcohols as O-nucleophiles in alkoxycarbonylation resulted in the corresponding 17-esters; however, yields of synthetic interest were obtained only with methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Acs
- University of Pécs, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ifjúság u. 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Liu Y, Kim B, Taylor SD. Synthesis of 4-Formyl Estrone Using a Positional Protecting Group and Its Conversion to Other C-4-Substituted Estrogens. J Org Chem 2007; 72:8824-30. [PMID: 17929872 DOI: 10.1021/jo7017075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Byoungmoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1
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Acs P, Jakab B, Takács A, Kollár L. Facile synthesis of 11-carboxamido-androst-4,9(11)-dienes via palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation. Steroids 2007; 72:627-32. [PMID: 17590397 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
11-Carboxamido-androst-4,9(11)-dienes were synthesized from the corresponding 11-iodo-androst-4,9(11)-diene derivative in palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction under mild reaction conditions. The synthesis of the iodo-alkene substrate is based on the transformation of the 11-keto derivative to hydrazone, which was treated with iodine in the presence of a base (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine). The 11-carboxamides were synthesized in moderate to high isolated yields by using simple alkyl/arylamines or amino acid methylesters as N-nucleophiles. The highly active palladium catalysts enable the homogeneous catalytic functionalization at one of the most hindered position (C-11) of the steroidal skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Acs
- University of Pécs, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ifjúság u. 6., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Gluzdikov IA, Egorov MS, Selivanov SI, Starova GL, Shavva AG. New analogs of D-homoequilenine with substituents in the D ring. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428006110121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Acs P, Müller E, Czira G, Mahó S, Perreira M, Kollár L. Facile synthesis of 12-carboxamido-11-spirostenes via palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions. Steroids 2006; 71:875-9. [PMID: 16828823 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/31/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
12-Carboxamido- and 12-carboxyl-11-spirostenes were synthesized from the corresponding 12-iodo-11-ene derivative in palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reactions under mild reaction conditions. The synthesis of the iodo-alkene substrate is based on the transformation of the 12-keto derivative (hecogenin) to hydrazone, which was treated with iodine in the presence of a base (1,1,3,3-tetramethyl guanidine). While various 12-carboxamides were synthesized in moderate to high yields by using simple alkyl/arylamines or amino acid methylesters as N-nucleophiles, low yields can be achieved with alcohols as O-nucleophiles. The homogeneous carbonylation reactions tolerate the 3-hydroxy substituent and the spiroacetal moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Acs
- University of Pécs, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Ifjúság u.6., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Shu AYL, Heys JR. Synthesis of carbon-14 and tritiated steroidal 5α-reductase inhibitors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2580340702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Perez E, Liu R, Yang SH, Cai ZY, Covey DF, Simpkins JW. Neuroprotective effects of an estratriene analog are estrogen receptor independent in vitro and in vivo. Brain Res 2005; 1038:216-22. [PMID: 15757637 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are potent neuroprotectants both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we compared the potency and efficacy of a non-feminizing estrogen, 2-(1-adamantyl)-4-methylestrone (ZYC-26), with its parent estrogen, estrone, and an expected non-neuroprotective 3-O-methyl analog of (17beta)-2-(1-adamantyl)estradiol (ZYC-23). These estratriene derivatives were tested for their ability to protect in an in vitro lipid peroxidation model, to neuroprotect against oxidative stress in cell culture models, to bind the estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta), to elicit uterotrophic effects, and to affect brain damage from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We observed that in contrast to estrone, neither ZYC-26 nor ZYC-23 bound to either estrogen receptors (ER) and both failed to elicit a uterotrophic response. In vitro, the active estrogen analogue ZYC-26 was more potent that estrogen in its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation and to protect HT-22 cells from either glutamate or iodoacetic acid (IAA) toxicity. Further, ZYC-26 was as active in preventing brain damage from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as was estrone. Collectively, these studies suggest that the antioxidant activity, rather than ER binding of non-feminizing estrogens such as ZYC-26, mediates their potent neuroprotective activity. Further, in view of the now known toxicities of chronic feminizing estrogen use in older women, non-feminizing estrogens may be a useful alternative for estrogen-induced brain protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Perez
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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Starova GL, Selivanov SS, Egorov MS, Selivanov SI, Shavva AG. Molecular structures of 17αβ-acetoxy-3-methoxy-6-oxa-D-homo-8-isoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene and its 4-methyl derivative. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2004. [DOI: 10.1134/1.1756642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Skoda-Földes
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Research Group for Petrochemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Veszprém, Egyetem u. 8., P.O. Box 158, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
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25
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Grisenti P, Magni A, Olgiati V, Manzocchi A, Ferraboschi P, Villani V, Pucciariello R, Celotti F. Substrate interaction with 5alpha-reductase enzyme: influence of the 17beta-chain chirality in the mechanism of action of 4-azasteroid inhibitors. Steroids 2001; 66:803-10. [PMID: 11576619 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(01)00114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of steroidal compounds were synthesized in order to evaluate the possible influence of the configuration of a stereocenter in the 17beta-side chain on the inhibitory activity on the enzyme 5alpha-reductase (5AR). For this purpose diastereomerically pure 4-azasteroids epimers at C-22 were prepared (compounds 1-11) and tested as inhibitors of 5AR in "in vitro" tests. The obtained data showed that in most cases the couples of epimers possess a significant difference in their biological activity. We also considered, for the tested molecules, a series of chemico-physical parameters in order to find a possible correlation with their biological activity. The findings allowed us to propose a model of the binding site of 5AR which comprises also, for 4-azasteroid inhibitors, the configurational aspect of the 17beta-side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grisenti
- Poli Industria Chimica SpA, Via Volturno 45/48, Quinto de Stampi, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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26
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Abell AD, Prince MJ, McNulty AM, Neubauer BL. Simple bi- and tricyclic inhibitors of human steroid 5alpha-reductase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:1909-11. [PMID: 10987415 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A number of tricyclic thiolactams, bicyclic lactams, and bicyclic thiolactams have been prepared and evaluated in vitro as inhibitors of types 1 and 2 steroid 5alpha-reductase. The tricycles with an 8-chloro substituent in the C-ring are nM (IC50) inhibitors of type 1 steroid 5alpha-reductase (SR). In all the cases studied, lactams are more potent than the corresponding thiolactams. Activity against type 2 SR is greatly enhanced by a styryl (or azo) substituent on the aryl ring of the tri- and bicycles and also a related tricyclic aryl acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Abell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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27
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Kurup A, Garg R, Hansch C. Comparative QSAR analysis of 5alpha-reductase inhibitors. Chem Rev 2000; 100:909-24. [PMID: 11749255 DOI: 10.1021/cr990028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Kurup
- Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711
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28
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Baston E, Hartmann RW. N-substituted 4-(5-indolyl)benzoic acids. Synthesis and evaluation of steroid 5alpha-reductase type I and II inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:1601-6. [PMID: 10386944 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-alkyl and N-arylalkyl substituted 4-(5-indolyl)benzoic acid derivatives as inhibitors of steroid 5alpha-reductases is described. For the human type II isozyme a benzyl substituent (IC50 6.20 microM) and for the human type I isozyme a cyclohexanemethyl substituent (IC50 2.10 microM) on the indole nitrogen proved to be most efficacious, thus providing interesting leads for the development of drugs for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Baston
- Fachrichtung 12.1 Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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29
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Synthesis of 3-carboxy-20-keto steroid, SB 209963, a 5α-reductase inhibitor, by palladium-catalyzed hydroxycarbonylation. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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30
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Takami H, Kishibayashi N, Ishii A, Kumazawa T. Indole and benzimidazole derivatives as steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitors in the rat prostate. Bioorg Med Chem 1998; 6:2441-8. [PMID: 9925300 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(98)80018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of indole and benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity of rat prostatic 5alpha-reductase. Among these compounds, 4-¿2-[1-(4,4'-dipropylbenzhydryl)indole-5-carboxamido]phenoxy¿buty ric acid (15) and its benzimidazole analogue 25 showed potent inhibitory activities for rat prostatic 5alpha-reductase (IC50 values of 9.6+/-1.0 and 13+/-1.5 nM, respectively), with the potency very close to that of finasteride. Compound 30, in which the moiety between the benzene ring and amide bond was replaced by quinolin-4-one ring, showed almost equipotent activity (IC50= 19+/-6.2nM) with the correspondent amide derivative 13. This result was consistent with the previous observation that the coplanarity of this moiety might contribute to the potent inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takami
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
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31
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Abstract
Estrogen levels in breast tumors of post-menopausal women are as much as 10 times higher than estrogen levels in plasma, presumably due to in situ formation of estrogen. The major source of estrogen in breast cancer cells may be conversion of estrone sulfate to estrone by the enzyme estrone sulfatase. Thus, inhibitors of estrone sulfatase have potential for the treatment of estrogen-dependent breast cancers. Several steroidal agents have been developed that are potent estrone sulfatase inhibitors, most notably estrone-3-O-sulfamate. These compounds may have undesired actions, especially estrogenicity. Recently, non-steroidal estrone sulfatase inhibitors have been designed that avoid the problems associated with an active steroid nucleus; however, these have not achieved the potency of estrone-3-O sulfamate. We have designed and synthesized a series of compounds, 17 beta-(N-alkylcarbamoyl)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-O-sulfamates (6a-d) and 17 beta-(N-alkanoyl)-estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-O-sulfamates (11a-d) that combine the structural features of the steroidal estrone sulfatase inhibitors with a membrane insertion region that should increase the affinity for the sulfatase enzyme and decrease the estrogenicity of the steroid. We tested the compounds for estrone sulfatase inhibition by measuring estrone sulfatase activity in intact cultures of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). We tested for estrogenicity by measuring growth of estrogen-dependent MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. All of the test compounds (10 nM) substantially inhibited estrogen sulfatase activity of intact MDA-MB-231 cells. Dose-response analysis indicated an IC50 of approximately 0.5 nM for two of the compounds (6a and 11a). In the test for estrogenicity, estrone and estrone-3-O-sulfamate significantly stimulated MCF-7 cell growth. In contrast, neither the 17 beta-(N-alkylcarbamoyl)-estra-1,3,5,(10)-trien-3-O-sulfamates++ + nor the 17 beta-(N)-alkanoyl)-estra-1,3,5,(10)-trien-3-O-sulfamates stimulated growth of MCF-7 cells at a concentration of 1 microM, indicating that they are not estrogenic at levels 2000 times greater than their IC50 for estrone sulfatase. Our data indicate the utility of the new compounds for inhibition of breast cancer cell estrone sulfatase activity. Further, our data support the concept that estrone sulfatase inhibitors may be useful as therapeutic agents for estrogen-dependent breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA
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32
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Chu GH, Jagannathan S, Li PK. Synthesis of 17-oxoandrosta-3,5-dien-3-methyl sulfonate as stable analog of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Steroids 1998; 63:214-7. [PMID: 9589556 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(98)00006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G H Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA
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33
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Lourdusamy M, Côté J, Laplante S, Labrie F, Singh SM. Synthesis and in vitro study of 17 beta-[N-ureylene-N,N'-disubstituted]-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-ones as selective inhibitors of type I 5 alpha-reductase. Bioorg Med Chem 1997; 5:305-10. [PMID: 9061195 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(96)00241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of 17 beta-(N-ureylene-N,N'-disubstituted)-4-azasteroids as inhibitors of human type I 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha-Re) were prepared from 17 beta-N-alkyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-ones and various isocyanates. For the measurement of 5 alpha-Re activity, 293 cells transfected with human type I 5 alpha-Re, cDNA were used. Azasteroids with an N-cyclopropyl ring exhibited potent inhibitory activity against type I 5 alpha-Re. As the chain length increased, from the N'-ethyl to the N'-butyl chain, activity of compounds also increased and azasteroids with the N'-butyl chain showed strong inhibitory activity (IC50 = 5.3 nM). Branching of alkyl chains decreased the potency of compounds. Introduction of the 1,2-double bond significantly reduced the activity of azasteroids. Replacement of the N'-alkyl chain with the phenyl moiety gave the most active compound of this series (IC50 = 1.3 nM). Other variations such as the replacement of a N-cyclopropyl ring with the N-methyl or the N-butyl chain decreased the activity of compounds (compounds were less active compared with above). The IC50 values of N-methyl-N'-cyclohexyl- and N-butyl-N'-phenyl-ureylenes were 31.5 and 11.5 nM. respectively. In general, all azasteroids were poor inhibitors of Type II 5 alpha-Re.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lourdusamy
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CHUL Research Center, Québec, Canada
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34
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Yamashita DS, Holt DA, Oh HJ, Shah D, Yen HK, Brandt M, Levy MA. 3-Carboxy-20-keto steroids are dual uncompetitive inhibitors of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase types 1 and 2. Bioorg Med Chem 1996; 4:1481-5. [PMID: 8894105 DOI: 10.1016/0968-0896(96)00141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal 3-carboxy-20-ketones have been prepared within two structural series, the androsta-3,5-dienes and the estra-1,3,5-trienes, as potential inhibitors of types 1 and 2 steroid 5 alpha-reductase, the enzyme activity responsible for the final step in biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone. These compounds are shown to be potent uncompetitive inhibitors of both human recombinant enzyme activities, defining a novel class of dual steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Yamashita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939, USA
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35
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Astleford BA, Audia JE, Deeter J, Heath PC, Janisse SK, Kress TJ, Wepsiec JP, Weigel LO. Resolution of delta-Lactams Provides Access to Nonracemic Benzoquinolinones: The Synthesis of LY300502 and LY300503. J Org Chem 1996; 61:4450-4454. [PMID: 11667351 DOI: 10.1021/jo9601425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bret A. Astleford
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285-4813
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36
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Taylor MF, Bhattacharyya AK, Rajagopalan K, Hiipakka R, Liao S, Collins DC. Photoaffinity labeling of rat steroid 5 alpha-reductase (isozyme-1) by a benzophenone derivative of a 4-methyl-4-azasteroid. Steroids 1996; 61:323-31. [PMID: 8738839 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(96)00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
[1,2-3H]N-4(Benzylbenzoyl)-3-oxo-4-aza-4-methyl-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-carboxamide ([3H]-4MABP) has been synthesized as a photoaffinity probe of the steroid-binding domain of rat steroid 5 alpha-reductase isozyme-1 (5 alpha R-1). Reversible binding of the probe to 5 alpha R-1 in microsomal preparations yielded a reversible dissociation constant (Kd) of -3 nM, whereas inhibition experiments indicated that the probe had a 50% inhibition concentration of 4.4 nM and was a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme (Ki approximately 3 nM) with respect to testosterone. SDS-PAGE analysis of microsomal, detergent-solubilized, and (6.5%) polyethylene glycol-precipitated fractions of 5 alpha R-I photolyzed with [3H]4MABP in the presence of NADPH showed that the radioactivity was incorporated into a single protein band with a mass of 26 kDa (apparent molecular weight of 5 alpha R-1). UV photolysis was accompanied by an irreversible loss in enzyme activity, consistent with its covalent modification. Increasing the time of UV irradiation and concentration of [3H]4MABP indicated that the half-life and apparent Kd for its photo insertion were approximately 3 min and 7.5 nM, respectively. Photolysis in the presence of a 20-fold excess of N,N-diethyl-4-aza-4-methyl-3-oxo-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-carboxamide or the 3-carboxysteroid SKF-105111 resulted in partial protection of 5 alpha R-1 from the probe, whereas minimal incorporation of radioactivity was observed in the absence of NADPH or in the presence of NADP+. The results indicate that [3H]4MABP is an effective probe of the steroid (D-ring) binding domain of 5 alpha R-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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37
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The preparation and evaluation of (+/-)-trans-1-Diazo-8-methoxy-4a-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-phenanthren-2-one as an inhibitor of human type-1 steroid 5α-reductase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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38
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Abell AD, Brandt M, Levy MA, Holt DA. A comparison of steroidal and non-steroidal inhibitors of human steroid 5α-reductase: New tricyclic aryl acid inhibitors of the type-1 isozyme. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-894x(96)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Lin SK, Rasetti V. Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane-1,2?-[2H]indene] derivatives as inhibitors of steroid 5?-reductase. Helv Chim Acta 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19950780407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Li X, Chen C, Singh SM, Labrie F, Labire F [corrected to Labrie F]. The enzyme and inhibitors of 4-ene-3-oxosteroid 5 alpha-oxidoreductase. Steroids 1995; 60:430-41. [PMID: 7676475 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(95)00021-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Since evidence of 5 alpha-reductase activity in rabbit liver homogenate was discovered in 1954, the presence of this enzyme has been demonstrated in many other organs and tissues of mammalian species. 5 alpha-Reductase selectively transforms a 4-ene-3-oxosteroid (e.g., testosterone) irreversibly to the corresponding 5 alpha-3-oxosteroid (e.g., 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) in the presence of NADPH as an essential coenzyme at an optimal pH. However, excessive production of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone is the major cause of many androgen-related disorders, such as prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, acne, female hirsutism, and male pattern baldness; therefore, inhibition of androgenic action by 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors is a logical treatment. During the past two decades, research has focused on understanding the biological functions and effects of 5 alpha-reductase and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites: purification of the enzyme, substrates, and metabolites; characterization of their physical, chemical, and biochemical properties; analysis of the amino acid sequence of the enzyme; synthesis of various classes of molecules as potential inhibitors; and examination of the biological activity of the inhibitors in vitro and/or in vivo. This review summarizes the biochemical studies on this enzyme, suggests the mechanisms of action of the enzyme or inhibitors, and discusses the chemistry necessary for the preparation, structure-activity relationships, and in vitro and/or in vivo data obtained from the evaluation of nonsteroidal and steroidal compounds that have been tested as inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase. In particular, IC50 and Ki values for relevant compounds will be compared according to molecular class. This review could function as a comprehensive working reference of what research has been accomplished so far and what problems remain to be solved in the future for those engaged in this interesting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, C.H.U.L. Research Center, Québec, Canada
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41
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Levy MA, Brandt M, Sheedy KM, Holt DA, Heaslip JI, Trill JJ, Ryan PJ, Morris RA, Garrison LM, Bergsma DJ. Cloning, expression and functional characterization of type 1 and type 2 steroid 5 alpha-reductases from Cynomolgus monkey: comparisons with human and rat isoenzymes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995; 52:307-19. [PMID: 7734398 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(94)00183-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Cynomolgus monkey may provide an alternative pharmacological model in which to evaluate the efficacy of novel inhibitors of the two known human steroid 5 alpha-reductase (SR) isoenzymes. To evaluate the suitability of this species at the level of the molecular targets, a Cynomolgus monkey prostate cDNA library was prepared and screened using human SR type 1 and 2 cDNAs as hybridization probes. Two distinct cDNA sequences were isolated encoding the monkey type 1 and 2 SR isoenzymes. These sequences share 93 and 95% amino acid sequence identity with their human enzyme counterparts, respectively. Difference in monkey type 1 SR, however, was found within the contiguous four amino acids corresponding to the regions in the human and rat sequences that have been proposed previously to influence steroid and inhibitor affinities. Subsequently, both monkey cDNAs were individually expressed in a mammalian cell (CHO) line. Enzyme activities of both monkey SRs were localized to the membrane fractions of CHO cell extracts. Like the human and rat enzymes, the monkey type 1 and type 2 SRs were most active at neutral and low pH, respectively. The results of inhibition studies with over 30 known SR inhibitors, including epristeride, 4MA, and finasteride, indicate that the monkey SR isoenzymes are functionally more similar to the human than the rat homologues. The results from initial velocity and inhibition studies as functions of pH with the human and monkey type 2 SRs also compare favorably. These results, together, suggest that the monkey SR isoenzymes are structurally and functionally comparable on a molecular level to their respective human counterparts, supporting the relevance and use of the Cynomolgus monkey as a pharmacological model for in vivo evaluation of SR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Levy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
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42
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43
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Chapter 23. Therapeutic Control of Androgen Action. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Holt DA, Oh HJ, Rozamus LW, Yen HK, Brandt M, Levy MA, Brian W. M. Synthesis and evaluation of 3-carboxymethyl steroids as inhibitors of human prostatic steroid 5α-reductase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)80052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Palladium-catalysed hydroxycarbonylation of vinyl and aryl triflates: synthesis of α,β-unsaturated and aromatic carboxylic acids. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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3-Phosphinic acid and 3-phosphonic acid steroids as inhibitors of steroid 5α-reductase: Species comparison and mechanistic studies. Bioorg Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0045-2068(91)90050-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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47
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Holt DA, Levy MA, Yen HK, Oh HJ, Metcalf BW, Wier PJ. Inhibition of steroid 5α-reductase by 3-nitrosteroids: synthesis, mechanism of inhibition, and in vivo activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)81084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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48
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Holt DA, Oh HJ, Levy MA, Metcalf BW. Synthesis of a steroidal A ring aromatic sulfonic acid as an inhibitor of steroid 5 alpha-reductase. Steroids 1991; 56:4-7. [PMID: 2028482 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(91)90106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 17 beta-(N,N-diisopropylcarbamoyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-sulfonic acid (3) has been accomplished. Sulfonate 3 was designed as a novel inhibitor of human steroid 5 alpha-reductase based on considerations of enzyme mechanisms, and exhibits an inhibition constant in the low nanomolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Holt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939
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49
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Brandt M, Greway AT, Holt DA, Metcalf BW, Levy MA. Studies on the mechanism of steroid 5 alpha-reductase inhibition by 3-carboxy A-ring aryl steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1990; 37:575-9. [PMID: 2278842 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(90)90403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of interaction between two 3-carboxy A-ring aryl steroids, 17 beta-(N,N-diisopropylcarboxamide)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-carboxy lic acid (1) and 17 beta-(N-t-butylcarboxamide)-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-carboxylic acid (2), with rat hepatic and human prostatic steroid 5 alpha-reductases has been investigated. Dead-end inhibition plots with 1 and 2 versus both substrates (testosterone and NADPH) were linear-uncompetitive using either enzyme, while double-inhibition analyses indicated cooperative binding to enzyme between NADP+ and 1 or 2. These results were interpreted within the ordered kinetic mechanism of steroid 5 alpha-reductase to result from the preferential association of 3-carboxy A-ring aryl steroids to the enzyme-NADP+ complex. The direct displacement by 2 of a radioligand known to associate to this same enzyme form provides further support for these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brandt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Smith Kline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406-0939
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50
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Spyriounis DM, Rekka E, Demopoulos VJ. Phase Transfer Catalyzed Aromatic Nucleophilic Substituticn of Triflate Esters of 2-and 4-Nitro-estrone. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/00397919008053189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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