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Xiang J, Zhang X, Wang D, Li J, Li Q, Wang Q, Ding Y, Chen T, Sun Y, Bao S, Chen J, Li D, Wang L, Chen Y. Chemical modification of ovatodiolide revealed a promising amino-prodrug with improved pharmacokinetic profile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11018-11021. [PMID: 32856652 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Stepwise modification of ovatodiolide revealed a prodrug, NMP-diepoxyovatodiolide, which can provide sustained release of an active compound, substantial metabolic stability and a unique accumulation profile in the liver. Besides, NMP-diepoxyovatodiolide demonstrated therapeutic benefits in an acute autoimmune hepatitis mouse model and a broad safety window. Therefore, NMP-diepoxyovatodiolide is a very promising candidate for further development of liver-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Xiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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2
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Epoxide containing molecules: A good or a bad drug design approach. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 201:112327. [PMID: 32526552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Functional group modification is one of the main strategies used in drug discovery and development. Despite the controversy of being identified for many years as a biologically hazardous functional group, the introduction of an epoxide function in a structural backbone is still one of the possible modifications being implemented in drug design. In this manner, it is our intention to prove with this work that epoxides can have significant interest in medicinal chemistry, not only as anticancer agents, but also as important drugs for other pathologies. Thus, this revision paper aims to highlight the biological activity and the proposed mechanisms of action of several epoxide-containing molecules either in preclinical studies or in clinical development or even in clinical use. An overview of the chemistry of epoxides is also reported. Some of the conclusions are that effectively most of the epoxide-containing molecules referred in this work were being studied or are in the market as anticancer drugs. However, some of them in preclinical studies, were also associated with other different activities such as anti-malarial, anti-arthritic, insecticidal, antithrombotic, and selective inhibitory activity of FXIII-A (a transglutaminase). As for the epoxide-containing molecules in clinical trials, some of them are being tested for obesity and schizophrenia. Finally, drugs containing epoxide groups already in the market are mostly used for the treatment of different types of cancer, such as breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Other diseases for which the referred drugs are being used include heart failure, infections and gastrointestinal disturbs. In summary, epoxides can be a suitable option in drug design, particularly in the design of anticancer agents, and deserve to be better explored. However, and despite the promising results, it is imperative to explore the mechanisms of action of these compounds in order to have a better picture of their efficiency and safety.
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Drogosz J, Janecka A. Helenalin - A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multidirectional Activity. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:444-452. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181012125230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, secondary metabolites of plants, present in a large number of species
mostly from the Asteracea family, are used in the traditional medicine of many countries for the
treatment of various pathological conditions. They exert a broad range of activities, including antiinflammatory,
anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. The best-known sesquiterpene lactones which
are already used as drugs or are used in clinical trials are artemisinin, thapsigargin and parthenolide.
Yet another sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, an active component of Arnica montana, known for its
strong anti-inflammatory activity, has been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat minor injuries.
Unfortunately, helenalin’s ability to cause allergic reactions and its toxicity to healthy tissues prevented
so far the development of this sesquiterpene lactone as an anticancer or anti-inflammatory drug.
Recently, the new interest in the biological properties, as well as in the synthesis of helenalin analogs
has been observed. This review describes helenalin's major biological activities, molecular mechanisms
of action, its toxicity and potential for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Drogosz
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Kumar A, Kumar D, Maurya AK, Padwad YS, Agnihotri VK. Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Amino Derivatives of Alantolactone and Their Cytotoxic Activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Dharmesh Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals DivisionCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Antim K. Maurya
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Yogendra S. Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Food and Nutraceuticals DivisionCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
| | - Vijai K. Agnihotri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative ResearchCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development DivisionCSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology Palampur Himachal Pradesh 176061 India
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Li X, Lu C, Liu S, shuaishuai Liu, Su C, Xiao T, Bi Z, Sheng P, Huang M, Liu X, Wei Y, Zhao L, Miao S, Mao J, Huang K, Gao S, Liu N, Qi M, Liu T, Qin S, Wei L, Sun T, Ning W, Yang G, Zhou H, Yang C. Synthesis and discovery of a drug candidate for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-β1 pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:229-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Widen JC, Kempema AM, Baur JW, Skopec HM, Edwards JT, Brown TJ, Brown DA, Meece FA, Harki DA. Helenalin Analogues Targeting NF-κB p65: Thiol Reactivity and Cellular Potency Studies of Varied Electrophiles. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:303-311. [PMID: 29349898 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helenalin is a pseudoguaianolide natural product that targets Cys38 within the DNA binding domain of NF-κB transcription factor p65 (RelA). Helenalin contains two Michael acceptors that covalently modify cysteines: a α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone and a cyclopentenone. We recently reported two simplified helenalin analogues that mimic the biological activity of helenalin and contain both electrophilic moieties. To determine the individual contributions of the Michael acceptors toward NF-κB inhibition, we synthesized a small library of helenalin-based analogues containing various combinations of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones and cyclopentenones. The kinetics of thiol addition to a subset of the analogues was measured to determine the relative thiol reactivities of the embedded electrophiles. Additionally, the cellular NF-κB inhibitory activities of the analogues were determined to elucidate the contributions of each Michael acceptor to biological potency. Our studies suggest the α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone contributes most significantly to the NF-κB inhibition of our simplified helenalin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Widen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Aaron M Kempema
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jordan W Baur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hannah M Skopec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jacob T Edwards
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Tenley J Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dennis A Brown
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Frederick A Meece
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Daniel A Harki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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Widen JC, Kempema AM, Villalta PW, Harki DA. Targeting NF-κB p65 with a Helenalin Inspired Bis-electrophile. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:102-113. [PMID: 28103680 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The canonical NF-κB signaling pathway is a mediator of the cellular inflammatory response and a target for developing therapeutics for multiple human diseases. The furthest downstream proteins in the pathway, the p50/p65 transcription factor heterodimer, have been recalcitrant toward small molecule inhibition despite the substantial number of compounds known to inhibit upstream proteins in the activation pathway. Given the roles of many of these upstream proteins in multiple biochemical pathways, targeting the p50/p65 heterodimer offers an opportunity for enhanced on-target specificity. Toward this end, the p65 protein presents two nondisulfide cysteines, Cys38 and Cys120, at its DNA-binding interface that are amenable to targeting by covalent molecules. The natural product helenalin, a sesquiterpene lactone, has been previously shown to target Cys38 on p65 and ablate its DNA-binding ability. Using helenalin as inspiration, simplified helenalin analogues were designed, synthesized, and shown to inhibit induced canonical NF-κB signaling in cell culture. Moreover, two simplified helenalin probes were proficient at forming covalent protein adducts, binding to Cys38 on recombinant p65, and targeting p65 in HeLa cells without engaging canonical NF-κB signaling proteins IκBα, p50, and IKKα/β. These studies further support that targeting the p65 transcription factor-DNA interface with covalent small molecule inhibitors is a viable approach toward regulating canonical NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C. Widen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Aaron M. Kempema
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Villalta
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Daniel A. Harki
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and ‡Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 2231 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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8
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Khazir J, Riley DL, Chashoo G, Mir BA, Liles D, Islam MA, Singh SK, Vishwakarma RA, Pilcher LA. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of Michael-type thiol adducts of α-santonin analogue with exocyclic methylene. Eur J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Structure-activity relationship study of sesquiterpene lactones and their semi-synthetic amino derivatives as potential antitrypanosomal products. Molecules 2014; 19:3523-38. [PMID: 24662071 PMCID: PMC6271975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) are natural products that have potent antitrypanosomal activity in vitro and, in the case of cynaropicrin, also reduce parasitemia in the murine model of trypanosomiasis. To explore their structure-antitrypanosomal activity relationships, a set of 34 natural and semi-synthetic STLs and amino-STLs was tested in vitro against T. b. rhodesiense (which causes East African sleeping sickness) and mammalian cancer cells (rat bone myoblast L6 cells). It was found that the α-methylene-γ-lactone moiety is necessary for both antitrypanosomal effects and cytotoxicity. Antitrypanosomal selectivity is facilitated by 2-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate or 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutylate side chains, and by the presence of cyclopentenone rings. Semi-synthetic STL amines with morpholino and dimethylamino groups showed improved in vitro activity over the native STLs. The dimethylamino derivative of cynaropicrin was prepared and tested orally in the T. b. rhodesiense acute mouse model, where it showed reduced toxicity over cynaropicrin, but also lost antitrypanosomal activity.
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Woods JR, Mo H, Bieberich AA, Alavanja T, Colby DA. Fluorinated amino-derivatives of the sesquiterpene lactone, parthenolide, as (19)f NMR probes in deuterium-free environments. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [PMID: 22029741 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20172k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological activity of fluorinated amino-derivatives of the sesquiterpene lactone, parthenolide, are described. A fluorinated aminoparthenolide analogue with biological activity similar to the parent natural product was discovered, and its X-ray structure was obtained. This lead compound was then studied using (19)F NMR in the presence and absence of glutathione to obtain additional mechanism of action data, and it was found that the aminoparthenolide eliminates amine faster in the presence of glutathione than in the absence of glutathione. The exact changes in concentrations of fluorinated compound and amine were quantified by a concentration-reference method using (19)F NMR; a major benefit of applying this strategy is that no deuterated solvents or internal standards are required to obtain accurate concentrations. These mechanistic data with glutathione may contribute to the conversion of the amino-derivative to parthenolide, the active pharmacological agent, in glutathione-rich cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Woods
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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11
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Yao M, Ritchie HE, Brown-Woodman PD. A reproductive screening test of feverfew: is a full reproductive study warranted? Reprod Toxicol 2006; 22:688-93. [PMID: 16781113 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Feverfew is currently used in the treatment of migraine and arthritis. It is traditionally contraindicated in pregnancy but there are no studies confirming this warning. An in vivo and in vitro preliminary screen was performed using a rat model: five female rats were orally dosed with 839 mg/kg feverfew daily on either gestation days (GD) 1-8 or 8-15. On GD20, rats were sacrificed and fetuses, placentae and ovaries were collected. The fetuses were weighed and examined for malformations. While maternal weight gain appeared to be reduced, ANCOVA analysis suggested that the difference was due to litter size, rather than treatment. Pre-implantation loss appeared increased but this was not statistically significant in the feverfew GD1-8 group. Fetuses exposed to feverfew from GD8-15 were smaller than ethanol controls perhaps as a result of the increased frequency of runts in treated litters. Feverfew induced toxicity when GD10.5 embryos were cultured for 26 h in rat serum to which extract was added. The results of the present preliminary study suggest that a comprehensive reproductive study of feverfew is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia
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12
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Wang J, Zhao L, Wang R, Lu M, Chen D, Jing Y. Synthesis and anticancer activity of 2-alkylaminomethyl-5-diaryl-methylenecyclopentanone hydrochlorides and related compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:1285-91. [PMID: 15670937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 11/06/2004] [Accepted: 11/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new diaryl-methylenecyclopentanone Mannich hydrochlorides and related compounds were synthesized with different modification on Mannich base and alpha,beta-unsaturated bonds. The glutathione-binding ability, glutathione-s-transferase pi (GSTpi) inhibition and antitumor effect of these compounds were compared. Compounds containing both Mannich base and alpha-unsaturated bond have GSH binding ability, GSTpi inhibitory activity and antitumor effect. Compounds without Mannich base or having a alpha-saturated bond lose GSH binding ability and the antitumor effect. Converting of Mannich base from dimethylaminomethyl group to morpholino, pyrrolidino, or piperidino-methyl groups do not evidently change the antitumor effect. However replacement of phenyl group with methylphenyl group on beta-chain significantly increases cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells but not in immortalized mammary epithelial cells. Our data suggest that diaryl-methylenecyclopentanones represent a new category of compounds which might inhibit tumor growth through binding to glutathione or thiol proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110015, China
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Weyerstahl P, Marschall-Weyerstahl H, Penninger J, Walther L. Terpenes and terpene derivatives-22. Tetrahedron 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)87705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hall IH, Williams WL, Chaney SG, Gilbert CJ, Holbrook DJ, Muraoka O, Kiyokawa H, Lee KH. Antitumor agents 68: effects of a series of helenalin derivatives on P-388 lymphocytic leukemia nucleic acid and protein synthesis. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74:250-4. [PMID: 2861271 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600740306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of analogues related to helenalin demonstrated moderate capability for inhibiting the growth of murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia cells in vivo and in vitro. The growth inhibition correlated with suppression of both DNA and protein synthesis in P-388 cells. The inhibition of protein synthesis occurred at a relatively low concentration and appeared to occur at the level of initiation. The suppression of DNA synthesis in P-388 cells correlated positively with inhibition of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase activity. Although nuclear and alpha DNA polymerase activities were suppressed by certain analogues, the inhibition of the polymerases did not correlate positively with DNA synthesis inhibition and, furthermore, the magnitude of suppression of DNA polymerase activity did not appear to be sufficient to account for the observed suppression of DNA synthesis in P-388 cells.
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Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Sumida Y, Wu RY, Waddell TG, Cochran JW, Gerhart KG. Anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds. J Pharm Sci 1979; 68:537-42. [PMID: 311831 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600680505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Some sesquiterpene lactones and related compounds were tested for anti-inflammatory activity in rodents. In the edema-induced carrageenan inflammation screen, the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety of the sesquiterpene lactones was required for inhibitory activity. The 6-hydroxy group of helenalin also was required for potency. In the tenulin series, the 2,3-epoxy derivatives were marginally active. The same structure was required for inhibition of the writhing reflex. In the chronic adjuvant arthritic screen, compounds containing the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety, the beta-unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, and the alpha-epoxy cyclopentenone system afforded significant inhibition at 2.5 mg/kg/day. The sesquiterpene lactones were marginally effective against induced pleurisy. The delayed hypersensitivity was suppressed by these agents whereas immunoglobulin synthesis was slightly stimulated. No delerious side effects were observed with these agents from the limited tests performed.
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Hall IH, Lee KH, Starnes CO, Eigebaly SA, Ibuka T, Wu YS, Kimura T, Haruna M. Antitumor agents XXX: Evaluation of alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone-containing agents for inhibition of tumor growth, respiration, and nucleic acid synthesis. J Pharm Sci 1978; 67:1235-9. [PMID: 690826 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600670912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that a number of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from plants and synthesized pyrimidines containing the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety are potent inhibitors of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and Ehrlich ascites tumor growth and marginal inhibitors of P-388 lymphocytic leukemia and Lewis lung tumor growth. In vitro aerobic basal respiration and oxidative phosphorylation processes of Ehrlich ascites cells were inhibited by these agents as well as deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase and thymidylate synthetase enzymatic activities. These studies indicate that the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety, the beta-unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, and the alpha-epoxycyclopentanone system are the essential moieties for inhibition of these biochemical parameters.
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18
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Marschall H, Vogel F, Weyerstahl P. Darstellung von α-Methylen-γ-lactonen von Acetylcyclohexan und -cycloheptan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.197719770917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Sulferalin, a novel sulfonyl pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpene lactone from Sendai Helenium autumnale L. Tetrahedron Lett 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(01)83706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Mompon B, Toubiana R. Configuration du subluteolide; nouveau guaianolide isole du vernonia sublutea scott elliot (composees). Tetrahedron 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(77)80004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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