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Gupta A, Ahmad I, Kureel J, Hasanain M, Pandey P, Singh S, John AA, Sarkar J, Singh D. Induction of targeted osteogenesis with 3-aryl-2H-benzopyrans and 3-aryl-3H-benzopyrans: Novel osteogenic agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 158:63-75. [PMID: 26807865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of target oriented chemotherapeutics for treatment of chronic diseases have been considered as an important approach in drug development. Following this approach, in our efforts for exploration of new osteogenic leads, substituted 3-aryl-2H-benzopyran and 3-aryl-3H-benzopyran derivatives (19, 20a-e, 21, 22a-e, 26, 27, 28a-e, 29, 31a-b, 32 and 33) have been characterized as estrogen receptor-β selective osteogenic (bone forming) agents. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for osteogenic activity using mouse calvarial osteoblast cells. Four compounds viz20b, 22a, 27and 32 showed significant osteogenic activity at EC50 values 1.35, 34.5, 407 and 29.5pM respectively. Out of these, 20b and 32 were analyzed for their bone mineralization efficacy and osteogenic gene expression by qPCR. The results showed that 20b and 32 significantly increased mineral nodule formation and the transcript levels of BMP-2, RUNX-2 and osteocalcin at 100pM concentrations respectively. Further mechanistic studies of 20b and 32 using transiently knocked down expression of ER-α and β in mouse osteoblast (MOBs) showed that 20b and 32 exerts osteogenic efficacy via activation of estrogen receptor-β preferentially. Additionally, compounds showed significant anticancer activity in a panel of cancer cell lines within the range of (IC50) 6.54-27.79μM. The most active molecule, 22b inhibited proliferation of cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle at sub-G0 phase with concomitant decrease in cells at S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Aijaz A John
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
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Banerjee CK, Umarye JD, Kanjilal PR. Magnesium Methoxide-Assisted Synthesis of 2,4,6-Triaryl Pyridines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2012.696303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jayant D. Umarye
- a Syngenta Research and Technology Centre , Corlim Ilhas , Goa , India
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3
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Sahu PK, Sahu PK, Agarwal DD. Efficient and facile synthesis of heterocycles and their mechanistic consideration using kaolin. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40993g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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4
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Sahu PK, Sahu PK, Gupta S, Thavaselvam D, Agarwal D. Synthesis and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole, pyrazole and benzylidene derivatives of curcumin. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 54:366-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Sahu PK, Sahu PK, Jain R, Yadav R, Agarwal DD. Hydrotalcite: recyclable, novel heterogeneous catalyst for facile, environmentally benign and high yielding multi-component synthesis and mechanistic study under solvent free conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cy20067h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Paniagua E, Rubio MJ, Seoane C, Soto JL. 1,2,3-Triarylpropenones as starting materials for 2-pyridinethiones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19871061102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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8
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Shen ZL, Xu XP, Ji SJ. Brønsted Base-Catalyzed One-Pot Three-Component Biginelli-Type Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of 4,5,6-Triaryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and Mechanistic Study. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1162-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902394y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shun-Jun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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9
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Artok L, Kuş M, Aksın-Artok Ö, Dege FN, Özkılınç FY. Rhodium catalyzed reaction of internal alkynes with organoborons under CO atmosphere: a product tunable reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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In vivo evaluation of substituted 2,3-diaryl acrylophenone amide derivatives as anti-implantation agents. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Salama TA, Elmorsy SS, Khalil AGM. SiCl4–Zn induced reductive coupling of carbonyl compounds: novel and efficient routes for one-pot syntheses of 1,2,3-triaryl-2-propen-1-ones and pinacolones at room temperature. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Kiesman WF, Zhao J, Conlon PR, Dowling JE, Petter RC, Lutterodt F, Jin X, Smits G, Fure M, Jayaraj A, Kim J, Sullivan G, Linden J. Potent and orally bioavailable 8-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines as adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7119-31. [PMID: 17125264 DOI: 10.1021/jm0605381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with greater aqueous solubility than the compounds currently in clinical trials as diuretics, a series of 1,4-substituted 8-cyclohexyl and 8-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines were investigated. The binding affinities of a variety of cyclohexyl and bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines for the rat and human adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors are presented. Bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthine 16 exhibited good pharmaceutical properties and in vivo activity in a rat diuresis model (ED50=0.3 mg/kg po). Optimization of the bridgehead substituent led to propionic acid 29 (BG9928), which retained high potency (hA1, Ki=7 nM) and selectivity for the adenosine A1 receptor (915-fold versus adenosine A2A receptor; 12-fold versus adenosine A2B receptor) with improved oral efficacy in the rat diuresis model (ED50=0.01 mg/kg) as well as high oral bioavailability in rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Kiesman
- Department of Chemistry, Biogen Idec, Inc., 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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Kerr DJ, Hamel E, Jung MK, Flynn BL. The concise synthesis of chalcone, indanone and indenone analogues of combretastatin A4. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3290-8. [PMID: 17360188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of aryl- and aroyl-substituted chalcone analogues of the tubulin binding agent combretastatin A4 (1) were prepared, using a recently introduced one-pot palladium-mediated hydrostannylation-coupling reaction sequence. These chalcones were converted to indanones by Nazarov cyclisation, followed by oxidation to give the corresponding indenones. Indenones were also prepared using a palladium-mediated formal [3+2]-cycloaddition process between ortho-halobenzaldehydes and diarylpropynones. All compounds were assessed as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation, but only E-31 had activity similar to that of 1. However, compound E-31 did not exhibit antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kerr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Australia
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14
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Yan L, Bertarelli DCG, Hayallah AM, Meyer H, Klotz KN, Müller CE. A new synthesis of sulfonamides by aminolysis of p-nitrophenylsulfonates yielding potent and selective adenosine A2B receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:4384-91. [PMID: 16821798 DOI: 10.1021/jm060277v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1-Propyl- and 1,3-dimethyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (PSB-1115 and SPT) were used as starting compounds for the development of adenosine A(2B) receptor antagonists with a sulfonamide structure. Since standard reactions for sulfonamide formation failed or resulted in very low yields, we developed a new method for the preparation of sulfonamides. p-Nitrophenoxide was used as a suitable leaving group with well balanced stability-reactivity properties. A large variety of amines, including aniline, benzylamine, phenethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-hydroxyethylamine, aminoacetic acid, and N-benzylpiperazine reacted with p-nitrophenoxysulfonylphenylxanthine derivatives yielding the desired sulfonamides in satisfying to very good yields. The obtained sulfonamides were much more potent at A(2B) receptors than the parent sulfonates. The most active compound of the present series was 8-[4-(4-benzylpiperazide-1-sulfonyl)phenyl]-1-propylxanthine (11, PSB-601) exhibiting a K(i) value of 3.6 nM for the human A(2B) receptor combined with high selectivity versus the other human adenosine receptor subtypes (575-fold versus A(1), 134-fold versus A(2A), and >278-fold versus A(3)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Yan
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Poppelsdorf, University of Bonn, Kreuzbergweg 26, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Kalla RV, Elzein E, Perry T, Li X, Palle V, Varkhedkar V, Gimbel A, Maa T, Zeng D, Zablocki J. Novel 1,3-disubstituted 8-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) xanthines: high affinity and selective A2B adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3682-92. [PMID: 16759111 DOI: 10.1021/jm051268+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine has been suggested to induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness in asthmatics, which is believed to be an A(2B) adenosine receptor (AdoR) mediated pathway. We hypothesize that a selective, high-affinity A(2B) AdoR antagonist may provide therapeutic benefit in the treatment of asthma. In an attempt to identify a high-affinity, selective antagonist for the A(2B) AdoR, we synthesized 8-(C-4-pyrazolyl) xanthines. Compound 22, 8-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-dipropyl xanthine, is a N-1 unsubstituted pyrazole derivative that has favorable binding affinity (K(i) = 9 nM) for the A(2B) AdoR, but it is only 2-fold selective versus the A(1) AdoR. Introduction of a benzyl group at the N-1-pyrazole position of 22 resulted in 19, which had moderate selectivity. The initial focus of the SAR study was on the preparation of substituted benzyl derivatives of 19 because the corresponding phenyl, phenethyl, and phenpropyl derivatives showed a decrease in A(2B) AdoR affinity and selectivity relative to 19. The preferred substitution on the phenyl ring of 19 contains an electron-withdrawing group, specifically F or CF(3) at the m-position, as in 33 and 36 respectively, increases the selectivity while retaining the affinity for the A(2B) AdoR. Exploring disubstitutions on the phenyl ring of derivatives 33 and36 led to the 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl derivative 50, which retained the A(2B) AdoR affinity but enhanced the selectivity relative to 36. After optimization of the substitution on the 8-pyrazole xanthine, 1,3-disubstitution of the xanthine core was explored with methyl, ethyl, butyl, and isobutyl groups. In comparison to the corresponding dipropyl analogues, the smaller 1,3-dialkyl groups (methyl and ethyl) increased the A(2B) AdoR binding selectivity of the xanthine derivatives while retaining the affinity. However, the larger 1,3-dialkyl groups (isobutyl and butyl) resulted in a decrease in both A(2B) AdoR affinity and selectivity. This final SAR optimization led to the discovery of 1,3-dimethyl derivative 60, 8-(1-(3-(trifluoromethyl) benzyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3-dimethyl xanthine, a high-affinity (K(i) = 1 nM) A(2B) AdoR antagonist with high selectivity (990-, 690-, and 1,000-) for the human A(1), A(2A,) and A(3) AdoRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao V Kalla
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, CV Therapeutics Inc., 3172 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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16
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Yan L, Müller CE. Preparation, properties, reactions, and adenosine receptor affinities of sulfophenylxanthine nitrophenyl esters: toward the development of sulfonic acid prodrugs with peroral bioavailability. J Med Chem 2004; 47:1031-43. [PMID: 14761205 DOI: 10.1021/jm0310030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many currently known antagonists for P2 purinergic receptors are anionic molecules bearing one or several phenylsulfonate groups. Among the P1 (adenosine) receptor antagonists, the xanthine phenylsulfonates are a potent class of compounds. Due to their high acidity, phenylsulfonates are negatively charged at physiologic pH values and do not easily penetrate cell membranes. The present study was aimed at developing lipophilic, perorally bioavailable prodrugs of sulfonates by converting them into chemically stable nitrophenyl esters. Initial stability tests at different pH values using nitrophenyl tosylates as model compounds showed that m-nitrophenyl esters were stable over a wide pH range, while the ortho and para isomers were less stable under strongly acidic or basic conditions. A series of m- and p-nitrophenyl esters of p-sulfophenylxanthine derivatives were synthesized as model compounds. The target xanthine derivatives were obtained in high yields by condensation of the appropriate 5,6-diaminouracils with 4-(nitrophenoxysulfonyl)benzoic acids in the presence of a carbodiimide, followed by ring closure with polyphosphoric acid trimethylsilyl ester. The chemical and enzymatic stability of the m-nitrophenyl esters was investigated in vitro by means of capillary electrophoresis. High stability in aqueous solution, in artificial gastric acid, and in serum was observed. However, compound 5d, used as a prototypic xanthine m-nitrophenylsulfonate, was hydrolyzed by rat liver homogenate indicating an enzymatic pathway of hydrolysis. Thus, nitrophenyl esters of sulfonic acids have a potential as peroral prodrugs of drugs bearing a sulfonate group. The nitrophenyl esters of sulfophenylxanthines were additionally investigated for their adenosine receptor affinities. They showed high affinity at A(1), A(2A), and A(2B), but not at A(3) ARs. One of the most potent compounds was 1-propyl-8-[4-[[p-nitrophenoxy]sulfonyl]phenyl]xanthine (9d), a mixed A(1)/A(2B) antagonist (K(i)A(1) 3.6 nM, K(i)A(2B) 5.4 nM) selective versus the other subtypes. As a further result of this study, the m-nitrophenoxy group was found to be a suitable protecting group for sulfonates in organic synthesis due to its high lipophilicity and stability; it can be split off under strongly basic conditions. This new protection strategy allowed for the upscaling of the synthesis of 1-propyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (PSB-1115), a selective A(2B) antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Yan
- University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Poppelsdorf, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bonn, Germany
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17
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Kim SA, Marshall MA, Melman N, Kim HS, Müller CE, Linden J, Jacobson KA. Structure-activity relationships at human and rat A2B adenosine receptors of xanthine derivatives substituted at the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-positions. J Med Chem 2002; 45:2131-8. [PMID: 12014951 PMCID: PMC6927247 DOI: 10.1021/jm0104318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for improved selective antagonist ligands of the A2B adenosine receptor, which have the potential as antiasthmatic or antidiabetic drugs, we have synthesized and screened a variety of alkylxanthine derivatives substituted at the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-positions. Competition for 125I-ABOPX (125I-3-(4-amino-3-iodobenzyl)-8-(phenyl-4-oxyacetate)-1-propylxanthine) binding in membranes of stably transfected HEK-293 cells revealed uniformly higher affinity (<10-fold) of these xanthines for human than for rat A2B adenosine receptors. Binding to rat brain membranes expressing A1 and A2A adenosine receptors revealed greater A2B selectivity over A2A than A1 receptors. Substitution at the 1-position with 2-phenylethyl (or alkyl/olefinic groups) and at N-3 with hydrogen or methyl favored A2B selectivity. Relative to enprofylline 2b, pentoxifylline 35 was equipotent and 1-propylxanthine 3 was >13-fold more potent at human A2B receptors. Most N-7 substituents did not enhance affinity over hydrogen, except for 7-(2-chloroethyl), which enhanced the affinity of theophylline by 6.5-fold to 800 nM. The A2B receptor affinity-enhancing effects of 7-(2-chloroethyl) vs 7-methyl were comparable to the known enhancement produced by an 8-aryl substitution. Among 8-phenyl analogues, a larger alkyl group at the 1-position than at the 3-position favored affinity at the human A2B receptor, as indicated by 1-allyl-3-methyl-8-phenylxanthine, with a K(i) value of 37 nM. Substitution on the 8-phenyl ring indicated that an electron-rich ring was preferred for A2B receptor binding. In conclusion, new leads for the design of xanthines substituted in the 1-, 3-, 7-, and 8-positions as A2B receptor-selective antagonists have been identified.
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18
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Hayallah AM, Sandoval-Ramírez J, Reith U, Schobert U, Preiss B, Schumacher B, Daly JW, Müller CE. 1,8-disubstituted xanthine derivatives: synthesis of potent A2B-selective adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1500-10. [PMID: 11906291 DOI: 10.1021/jm011049y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3-Unsubstituted xanthine derivatives bearing a cyclopentyl or a phenyl residue in the 8-position were synthesized and developed as A2B adenosine receptor antagonists. Compounds bearing polar substituents were prepared to obtain water-soluble derivatives. 1-Alkyl-8-phenylxanthine derivatives were found to exhibit high affinity for A2B adenosine receptors (ARs). 1,8-disubstituted xanthine derivatives were equipotent to or more potent than 1,3,8-trisubstituted xanthines at A2B ARs, but generally less potent at A1 and A2A, and much less potent at A3 ARs. Thus, the new compounds exhibited increased A2B selectivity versus all other AR subtypes. 9-Deazaxanthines (pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidindiones) appeared to be less potent at A2B ARs than the corresponding xanthine derivatives. 1-Propyl-8-p-sulfophenylxanthine (17) was the most selective compound of the present series, exhibiting a K(i) value of 53 nM at human A2B ARs and showing greater than 180-fold selectivity versus human A1 ARs. Compound 17 was also highly selective versus rat A1 ARs (41-fold) and versus the other human AR subtypes (A2A > 400-fold and A3 > 180-fold). The compound is highly water-soluble due to its sulfonate function. 1-Butyl-8-p-carboxyphenylxanthine (10), another polar analogue bearing a carboxylate function, exhibited a K(i) value of 24 nM for A2B ARs, 49-fold selectivity versus human and 20-fold selectivity versus rat A1 ARs, and greater than 150-fold selectivity versus human A2A and A3 ARs. 8-[4-(2-Hydroxyethylamino)-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl]-1-propylxanthine (29) and 1-butyl-8-[4-(4-benzyl)piperazino-2-oxoethoxy)phenyl]xanthine (35) were among the most potent A2B antagonists showing K(i) values at A2B ARs of 1 nM, 57-fold (29) and 94-fold (35) selectivity versus human A1, ca. 30-fold selectivity versus rat A1, and greater than 400-fold selectivity versus human A2A and A3 ARs. The new potent, selective, water-soluble A2B antagonists may be useful research tools for investigating A2B receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M Hayallah
- University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute Poppelsdorf, Bonn, Germany
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19
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Hajela K, Pandey J, Dwivedy A, Dhar JD, Sarkhel S, Maulik PR, Velumurugan D. Resolution, molecular structure and biological activities of the D- and L-enantiomers of potent anti-implantation agent, DL-2-[4-(2-piperidinoethoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2083-90. [PMID: 10530958 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compound 1 (DL-2-[4-(2-piperidinoethoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran, CDRI 85/287) a potent anti-estrogen and anti-implantation agent has been successfully resolved into its pure D- and L-enantiomers. Biological studies showed L-enantiomer to be the active form, exhibiting a fivefold higher receptor affinity for the rat uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor, 100% contraceptive efficacy at 1.3 mg/kg dose in single day schedule and 89% inhibition of estradiol induced increase of uterine weight at its contraceptive dose. The absolute stereochemistry determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that the L-enantiomer has 2R configuration at its asymmetric centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hajela
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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20
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Holschbach MH, Fein T, Krummeich C, Lewis RG, Wutz W, Schwabe U, Unterlugauer D, Olsson RA. A1 adenosine receptor antagonists as ligands for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET). J Med Chem 1998; 41:555-63. [PMID: 9484505 DOI: 10.1021/jm9705465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high affinity of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX) for the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) provides a good lead for developing radioligands suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET). This study tested the hypothesis that the kinds of chemical modifications made in the synthesis of CPX analogues containing carbon-11, fluorine-18, or radioiodine will not alter affinity for the A1AR. This report describes the synthesis and radioligand binding assays of unlabeled CPX analogues having methyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, or 3-fluoropropyl substituents, respectively, at either N-1 (13a-d) or N-3 (8a-d) or an (E)-3-iodoprop-2-en-1-yl substituent at N-3 (8f). Compounds 8d,f and 13b,d antagonized the binding of [3H]CPX to the A1AR of rat brain with affinities similar to those of CPX; compound 8c was twice as potent as CPX. Analogues 8a,b and 13a were less potent than CPX, but for each the Ki of antagonism was > or = 0.5 nM. Attempts to iodinate the 8-(4-hydroxyphenyl) analogue of CPX failed, probably because the xanthine substituent strongly deactivated the phenol toward electrophilic iodination. In summary, several of the modifications of the propyl groups of CPX needed to produce ligands for imaging by PET and SPET preserve or enhance affinity for the A1AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Holschbach
- Institut für Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Germany
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Müller CE, Geis U, Hipp J, Schobert U, Frobenius W, Pawłowski M, Suzuki F, Sandoval-Ramírez J. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine derivatives, A2A-selective adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 1997; 40:4396-405. [PMID: 9435909 DOI: 10.1021/jm970515+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of 8-substituted derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) was synthesized and investigated as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Different synthetic strategies for the preparation of DMPX derivatives and analogues were explored. A recently developed synthetic procedure starting from 3-propargyl-5,6-diaminouracil proved to be the method of choice for the preparation of this type of xanthine derivatives. The novel compounds were investigated in radioligand binding studies at the high-affinity adenosine receptor subtypes A1 and A2A and compared with standard A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Structure-activity relationships were analyzed in detail. 8-Styryl-substituted DMPX derivatives were identified that exhibit high affinity and selectivity for A2A adenosine receptors, including 8-(m-chlorostyryl)-DMPX (CS-DMPX, Ki A2A = 13 nM, 100-fold selective), 8-(m-bromostyryl)-DMPX (BS-DMPX, Ki A2A = 8 nM, 146-fold selective), and 8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-DMPX (Ki A2A = 15 nM, 167-fold selective). These and other novel compounds are superior to the standard A2A adenosine receptor antagonists KF17837 (4) and CSC (5) with respect to A2A affinity and/or selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Müller
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Germany.
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22
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Pfister JR, Belardinelli L, Lee G, Lum RT, Milner P, Stanley WC, Linden J, Baker SP, Schreiner G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of the enantiomers of the potent and selective A1-adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbonyl)]-xanthine. J Med Chem 1997; 40:1773-8. [PMID: 9191953 DOI: 10.1021/jm970013w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The individual enantiomers 8 and 12 of the potent and highly selective racemic A1-adenosine antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-[2-(5,6-epoxynorbornyl)]xanthine (ENX, 4) were synthesized utilizing asymmetric Diels-Alder cycloadditions for the construction of the norbornane moieties. The absolute configuration of 12 was determined by X-ray crystallography of the 4-bromobenzoate 14, which was derived from the bridged secondary alcohol 13. The latter was obtained from 12 by an acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement. The binding affinities of the enantiomers 8 and 12 and the racemate 4 at guinea pig, rat, and cloned human A1- and A2a-adenosine receptor subtypes were determined. The S-enantiomer 12 (CVT-124) appears to be one of the more potent and clearly the most A1-selective antagonist reported to date, with K1 values of 0.67 and 0.45 nM, respectively, at the rat and cloned human A1-receptors and with 1800-fold (rat) and 2400-fold (human) subtype selectivity. Both enantiomers, administered intravenously to saline-loaded rats, induced diuresis via antagonism of renal A1-adenosine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Pfister
- CV Therapeutics, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.
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Dhar JD, Dwivedi A, Srivastava A, Setty BS. Structure activity relationship of some 2,3-diaryl-2H-1-benzopyrans to their anti-implantation, estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities in rat. Contraception 1994; 49:609-16. [PMID: 8070266 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(94)90102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In an endeavour to develop potent anti-implantation agents, a new antiestrogen, CDRI 85/287 (2-(4-2-piperidinoethoxy)phenyl-3-phenyl(2H)benzo(b)pyran), virtually devoid of agonistic activity, was identified. The present study deals with anti-implantation and estrogen agonistic-antagonistic activities of four structural analogues of 85/287. Results show that none of the compounds induced vaginal cornification, even at doses as high as 2.5 mg/kg. Compounds having p-hydroxyphenyl group at position-3 or hydroxy group at position-7 showed better estrogen receptor affinity (6.6 and 25.3% E2) as well as antiestogenic activity. When 3-p-hydroxyphenyl was replaced by 3-p-methoxyphenyl, a marked reduction in the receptor affinity was observed. However, this compound was relatively more potent as an anti-implantation agent, possibly due to its conversion to hydroxylated metabolite in vivo. The provision of aminoethoxy side chain at para-position and a shift in the piperidinoethoxy side chain from position-4 to position-2 in these molecules resulted in a decrease in estrogenicity and increase in antagonistic property. Results are discussed with regard to molecular configuration, relative binding affinity of these compounds to their biological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Dhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Miquel JF, Gilbert J. A chemical classification of nonsteroidal antagonists of sex-steroid hormone action. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1988; 31:525-44. [PMID: 3059055 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(88)90004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly varied collection of nonsteroids have been reported over the last forty years as being able to exert an antihormonal action versus steroid hormones in vivo. This diversity is partly explained by the manifold molecular targets of these compounds which may be either enzymes or receptors (leading to inhibition of steroid production and action respectively) and by the different possible levels of interference within feedback loops between the central nervous system, pituitary, gonads and other peripheral organs. The present chapter is a chemist's classification of some of these structures often in the absence of detailed biochemical data. Nonsteroid antiestrogens (and estrogens) most often share a common feature with diethylstilbestrol and consequently the effects of structural modifications on biological activities can be studied in a rational manner. This is not the case for non-steroidal antiandrogens that we have only been able to classify into conventional chemical groups. Nor have any true lead compounds nor well-defined chemical classes been identified for nonsteroid antiprogestogens. This is however the only hormonal class where natural products play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Miquel
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Chimie Organique Appliquée (CERCOA)-C.N.R.S., Thiais, France
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25
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Raynaud JP, Ojasoo T. The design and use of sex-steroid antagonists. JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 25:811-33. [PMID: 3543501 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4731(86)90313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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