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Vijayaraj A, Prabu R, Suresh R, Sangeetha Kumari R, Kaviyarasan V, Narayanan V, Tamizhdurai P, Mangesh V, Ali Alasmary F, Rajaji U, Govindasamy M. DNA binding, Cleavage, Catalytic, Magnetic Active; 2,2–bipyridyl based d-f hetero binuclear Gd(III), Cu(II) Complexes and Their Electrochemical, Fluorescence Studies. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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2
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Biswas A, Rajesh Y, Das S, Banerjee I, Kapoor N, Mitra P, Mandal M. Therapeutic targeting of RBPJ, an upstream regulator of ETV6 gene, abrogates ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene transformations in glioblastoma. Cancer Lett 2022; 544:215811. [PMID: 35787922 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fusion genes are abnormal genes resulting from chromosomal translocation, insertion, deletion, inversion, etc. ETV6, a rather promiscuous partner forms fusions with several other genes, most commonly, the NTRK3 gene. This fusion leads to the formation of a constitutively activated tyrosine kinase which activates the Ras-Raf-MEK and PI3K/AKT/MAPK pathways, leading the cells through cycles of uncontrolled division and ultimately resulting in cancer. Targeted therapies against this ETV6-NTRK3 fusion protein are much needed. Therefore, to find a targeted approach, a transcription factor RBPJ regulating the ETV6 gene was established and since the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene is downstream of the ETV6 promoter/enhancer, this fusion protein is also regulated. The regulation of the ETV6 gene via RBPJ was validated by ChIP analysis in human glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines and patient tissue samples. This study was further followed by the identification of an inhibitor, Furamidine, against transcription factor RBPJ. It was found to be binding with the DNA binding domain of RBPJ with antitumorigenic properties and minimal organ toxicity. Hence, a new target RBPJ, regulating the production of ETV6 and ETV6-NTRK3 fusion protein was found along with a potent RBPJ inhibitor Furamidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Indranil Banerjee
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Neelkamal Kapoor
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Pralay Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Costas-Lago MC, Vila N, Rahman A, Besada P, Rozas I, Brea J, Loza MI, González-Romero E, Terán C. Novel Pyridazin-3(2 H)-one-Based Guanidine Derivatives as Potential DNA Minor Groove Binders with Anticancer Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:463-469. [PMID: 35300077 PMCID: PMC8919506 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel aryl guanidinium analogues containing the pyridazin-3(2H)-one core were proposed as minor groove binders (MGBs) with the support of molecular docking studies. The target dicationic or monocationic compounds, which show the guanidium group at different positions of the pyridazinone moiety, were synthesized using the corresponding silyl-protected pyridazinones as key intermediates. Pyridazinone scaffolds were converted into the adequate bromoalkyl derivatives, which by reaction with N,N'-di-Boc-protected guanidine followed by acid hydrolysis provided the hydrochloride salts 1-14 in good yields. The ability of new pyridazin-3(2H)-one-based guanidines as DNA binders was studied by means of DNA UV-thermal denaturation experiments. Their antiproliferative activity was also explored in three cancer cell lines (NCI-H460, A2780, and MCF-7). Compounds 1-4 with a bis-guanidinium structure display a weak DNA binding affinity and exhibit a reasonable cellular viability inhibition percentage in the three cancer cell lines studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Costas-Lago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, España
| | - Noemí Vila
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, España
| | - Adeyemi Rahman
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pedro Besada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, España
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - José Brea
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, CIMUS Research Center. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - María Isabel Loza
- Drug Screening Platform/Biofarma Research Group, CIMUS Research Center. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, España
| | - Elisa González-Romero
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Alimentaria, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, España
| | - Carmen Terán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, España
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Murade CU, Shubeita GT. A fluorescent reporter on electrostatic DNA-ligand interactions. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:159-167. [PMID: 35154861 PMCID: PMC8803044 DOI: 10.1364/boe.439791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Among the various types of interactions between biomolecules, electrostatic interactions dominate as these are long-range interactions and are often a generic first step in the recruitment of specific ligands. DNA, being a highly charged molecule, attracts a plethora of molecules. Interactions between DNA and proteins or small molecules shape the overall function of the cell. Various processes such as DNA replication, DNA repair, synthesis of mRNA, and packaging of DNA are mediated by interactions between protein molecules and DNA that are predominantly electrostatic. Here, we present a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based probe which can report on the electrostatic interactions between the negatively-charged DNA and positively-charged metal ions, oligopeptides, as well as DNA groove-binding drug molecules. The simplicity, sensitivity, and versatility of the DNA-based probe makes it suited for applications where specific protein-DNA interactions can be probed, and DNA-binding drugs can be discovered in high-throughput screens of compound libraries. This is particularly relevant given that some of the most potent antitumor and antimicrobial drugs associate with DNA electrostatically.
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5
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Feng J, Qi H, Sun X, Feng S, Liu Z, Song Y, Qiao X. Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives as Promising DNA-Binding Agents and Evaluation of Antitumor and Antitopoisomerases I/II Activities. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:1065-1071. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University
| | - Hui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University
| | - Siran Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University
| | - Zhenming Liu
- Drug Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University
| | - Yali Song
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hebei University
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Hebei University
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Matthes F, Massari S, Bochicchio A, Schorpp K, Schilling J, Weber S, Offermann N, Desantis J, Wanker E, Carloni P, Hadian K, Tabarrini O, Rossetti G, Krauss S. Reducing Mutant Huntingtin Protein Expression in Living Cells by a Newly Identified RNA CAG Binder. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1399-1408. [PMID: 29506378 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded CAG trinucleotide repeats in Huntington's disease (HD) are causative for neurotoxicity. The mutant CAG repeat RNA encodes neurotoxic polyglutamine proteins and can lead to a toxic gain of function by aberrantly recruiting RNA-binding proteins. One of these is the MID1 protein, which induces aberrant Huntingtin (HTT) protein translation upon binding. Here we have identified a set of CAG repeat binder candidates by in silico methods. One of those, furamidine, reduces the level of binding of HTT mRNA to MID1 and other target proteins in vitro. Metadynamics calculations, fairly consistent with experimental data measured here, provide hints about the binding mode of the ligand. Importantly, furamidine also decreases the protein level of HTT in a HD cell line model. This shows that small molecules masking RNA-MID1 interactions may be active against mutant HTT protein in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Matthes
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Bochicchio
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kenji Schorpp
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Schilling
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephanie Weber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Offermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenny Desantis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Erich Wanker
- Neuroproteomics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-HPC, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Kamyar Hadian
- Assay Development and Screening Platform, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sybille Krauss
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Sović I, Jambon S, Kraljević Pavelić S, Markova-Car E, Ilić N, Depauw S, David-Cordonnier MH, Karminski-Zamola G. Synthesis, antitumor activity and DNA binding features of benzothiazolyl and benzimidazolyl substituted isoindolines. Bioorg Med Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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8
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Laughlin-Toth S, Carter EK, Ivanov I, Wilson WD. DNA microstructure influences selective binding of small molecules designed to target mixed-site DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1297-1306. [PMID: 28180310 PMCID: PMC5388402 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific targeting of protein–nucleic acid interactions is an area of current interest, for example, in the regulation of gene-expression. Most transcription factor proteins bind in the DNA major groove; however, we are interested in an approach using small molecules to target the minor groove to control expression by an allosteric mechanism. In an effort to broaden sequence recognition of DNA-targeted-small-molecules to include both A·T and G·C base pairs, we recently discovered that the heterocyclic diamidine, DB2277, forms a strong monomer complex with a DNA sequence containing 5΄-AAAGTTT-3΄. Competition mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance identified new monomer complexes, as well as unexpected binding of two DB2277 with certain sequences. Inherent microstructural differences within the experimental DNAs were identified through computational analyses to understand the molecular basis for recognition. These findings emphasize the critical nature of the DNA minor groove microstructure for sequence-specific recognition and offer new avenues to design synthetic small molecules for effective regulation of gene-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Laughlin-Toth
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Kathleen Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - W David Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Characterisation of a novel coumarin-based fluorescent probe for monitoring nitric oxide production in macrophages. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5743-5748. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Antiprion Activity of DB772 and Related Monothiophene- and Furan-Based Analogs in a Persistently Infected Ovine Microglia Culture System. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:5467-82. [PMID: 27381401 PMCID: PMC4997874 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00811-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the misfolding of the native cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the accumulating, disease-associated isoform (PrPSc). Despite extensive research into the inhibition of prion accumulation, no effective treatment exists. Previously, we demonstrated the inhibitory activity of DB772, a monocationic phenyl-furan-benzimidazole, against PrPSc accumulation in sheep microglial cells. In an effort to determine the effect of structural substitutions on the antiprion activity of DB772, we employed an in vitro strategy to survey a library of structurally related, monothiophene- and furan-based compounds for improved inhibitory activity. Eighty-nine compounds were screened at 1 μM for effects on cell viability and prion accumulation in a persistently infected ovine microglia culture system. Eleven compounds with activity equivalent to or higher than that of DB772 were identified as preliminary hit compounds. For the preliminary hits, cytotoxicities and antiprion activities were compared to calculate the tissue culture selectivity index. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was performed to determine molecular components contributing to antiprion activity. To investigate potential mechanisms of inhibition, effects on PrPC and PrPSc were examined. While inhibition of total PrPC was not observed, the results suggest that a potential target for inhibition at biologically relevant concentrations is through PrPC misfolding to PrPSc. Further, SAR analysis suggests that two structural elements were associated with micromolar antiprion activity. Taken together, the described data provide a foundation for deeper investigation into untested DB compounds and in the design of effective therapeutics.
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11
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Isouronium and N -hydroxyguanidinium derivatives as Cell growth inhibitors: A comparative study. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:269-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Stolić I, Barić D, Kazazić S, Bratoš I, Bajić M. Mechanistic investigation of charge-remote and charge-driven fragmentation processes in 2,5-diphenyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene diamidines. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:933-943. [PMID: 26969936 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diphenylfuran diamidines represent an important class of DNA minor groove binders of high therapeutic interest as antitumor and antibacterial agents. This study aimed to investigate fragmentation patterns in mass spectra of four diamidine derivatives with significant antitumor activity, in order to gain more insight into the structures and stability of their putative biological metabolites. METHODS Compounds were investigated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) using low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). Density functional theory calculations were performed to confirm the main fragmentation paths. RESULTS The most abundant ion present in mass spectra is the doubly protonated molecule, whereas singly protonated molecules are present to a lesser extent. In the simplest compound, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, the main fragmentation path was loss of ammonia, followed by loss of HCN where possible. The fragmentation of the N-alkyl derivatives (N-isopropyl-, N-isobutyl-, N-cyclopentyl-) includes competition between loss of alkene and the corresponding amine, followed by loss of another alkene and formation of fragment ions present in the pathway of the parent compound. CONCLUSIONS The primary sites of fragmentations of investigated compounds are amidine groups, while breaking the core 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene ring system does not take place. Fragmentation of the singly protonated molecule [M + H](+) occurs primarily on the charged side of the molecule, but a charge-remote process is energetically viable. The fragmentation mechanism of the alkyl derivatives revealed that singly and doubly protonated molecules cleave to the singly and doubly protonated molecules of the parent compound. Once formed, they are gradually transformed into nitrile. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stolić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Barić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snj Kazazić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, 10002, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Bratoš
- TAPI Research & Development, PLIVA Croatia Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Bajić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Alnabulsi S, Santina E, Russo I, Hussein B, Kadirvel M, Chadwick A, Bichenkova EV, Bryce RA, Nolan K, Demonacos C, Stratford IJ, Freeman S. Non-symmetrical furan-amidines as novel leads for the treatment of cancer and malaria. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 111:33-45. [PMID: 26854376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 enzyme (NQO2) is a potential therapeutic target in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, with roles in either chemoprevention or chemotherapy. Here we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of non-symmetrical furan-amidines and their analogues as novel selective NQO2 inhibitors with reduced adverse off-target effects, such as binding to DNA. A pathway for the synthesis of the non-symmetrical furan-amidines was established from the corresponding 1,4-diketones. The synthesized non-symmetrical furan-amidines and their analogues showed potent NQO2 inhibition activity with nano-molar IC50 values. The most active compounds were non-symmetrical furan-amidines with meta- and para-nitro substitution on the aromatic ring, with IC50 values of 15 nM. In contrast to the symmetric furan-amidines, which showed potent intercalation in the minor grooves of DNA, the synthesized non-symmetrical furan-amidines showed no affinity towards DNA, as demonstrated by DNA melting temperature experiments. In addition, Plasmodium parasites, which possess their own quinone oxidoreductase PfNDH2, were inhibited by the non-symmetrical furan-amidines, the most active possessing a para-fluoro substituent (IC50 9.6 nM). The high NQO2 inhibition activity and nanomolar antimalarial effect of some of these analogues suggest the lead compounds are worthy of further development and optimization as potential drugs for novel anti-cancer and antimalarial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Alnabulsi
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Elham Santina
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Buthaina Hussein
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Manikandan Kadirvel
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Manchester M20 3LJ, UK
| | - Amy Chadwick
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Elena V Bichenkova
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard A Bryce
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Karen Nolan
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Ian J Stratford
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sally Freeman
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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15
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Kiakos K, Pett L, Satam V, Patil P, Hochhauser D, Lee M, Hartley JA. Nuclear Localization and Gene Expression Modulation by a Fluorescent Sequence-Selective p-Anisyl-benzimidazolecarboxamido Imidazole-Pyrrole Polyamide. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2015; 22:862-75. [PMID: 26119998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pyrrole (P)-imidazole (I) containing polyamides can target predetermined DNA sequences and modulate gene expression by interfering with transcription factor binding. We have previously shown that rationally designed polyamides targeting the inverted CCAAT box 2 (ICB2) of the topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) promoter can inhibit binding of transcription factor NF-Y, re-inducing expression of the enzyme in confluent cells. Here, the A/T recognizing fluorophore, p-anisylbenzimidazolecarboxamido (Hx) was incorporated into the hybrid polyamide HxIP, which fluoresces upon binding to DNA, providing an intrinsic probe to monitor cellular uptake. HxIP targets the 5'-TACGAT-3' sequence of the 5' flank of ICB2 with high affinity and sequence specificity, eliciting an ICB2-selective inhibition/displacement of NF-Y. HxIP is readily taken up by NIH3T3 and A549 cells, and detected in the nucleus within minutes. Exposure to the polyamide at confluence resulted in a dose-dependent upregulation of topo IIα expression and enhanced formation of etoposide-induced DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kiakos
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Luke Pett
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vijay Satam
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East, 12(th) Street, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - Pravin Patil
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East, 12(th) Street, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Moses Lee
- Division of Natural & Applied Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Hope College, 35 East, 12(th) Street, Holland, MI 49423, USA
| | - John A Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Stolić I, Čipčić Paljetak H, Perić M, Matijašić M, Stepanić V, Verbanac D, Bajić M. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of amidine derivatives of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene as novel antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 90:68-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Nagle PS, McKeever C, Rodriguez F, Nguyen B, Wilson WD, Rozas I. Unexpected DNA affinity and sequence selectivity through core rigidity in guanidinium-based minor groove binders. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7663-72. [PMID: 25158031 DOI: 10.1021/jm5008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report the design and biophysical evaluation of novel rigid-core symmetric and asymmetric dicationic DNA binders containing 9H-fluorene and 9,10-dihydroanthracene cores as well as the synthesis of one of these fluorene derivatives. First, the affinity toward particular DNA sequences of these compounds and flexible core derivatives was evaluated by means of surface plasmon resonance and thermal denaturation experiments finding that the position of the cations significantly influence the binding strength. Then their affinity and mode of binding were further studied by performing circular dichroism and UV studies and the results obtained were rationalized by means of DFT calculations. We found that the fluorene derivatives prepared have the ability to bind to the minor groove of certain DNA sequences and intercalate to others, whereas the dihydroanthracene compounds bind via intercalation to all the DNA sequences studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padraic S Nagle
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Kahvedžić A, Nathwani SM, Zisterer DM, Rozas I. Aromatic Bis-N-hydroxyguanidinium Derivatives: Synthesis, Biophysical, and Biochemical Evaluations. J Med Chem 2013; 56:451-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301358s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amila Kahvedžić
- School of
Chemistry, Trinity
Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Seema-Maria Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology,
Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela M. Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology,
Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse St., Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of
Chemistry, Trinity
Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 154-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
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19
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Perin N, Martin-Kleiner I, Nhili R, Laine W, David-Cordonnier MH, Vugrek O, Karminski-Zamola G, Kralj M, Hranjec M. Biological activity and DNA binding studies of 2-substituted benzimidazo[1,2-a]quinolines bearing different amino side chains. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00193h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Stanton JB, Schneider DA, Dinkel KD, Balmer BF, Baszler TV, Mathison BA, Boykin DW, Kumar A. Discovery of a novel, monocationic, small-molecule inhibitor of scrapie prion accumulation in cultured sheep microglia and Rov cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51173. [PMID: 23226483 PMCID: PMC3511409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases, including sheep scrapie, are neurodegenerative diseases with the fundamental pathogenesis involving conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) to disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc). Chemical inhibition of prion accumulation is widely investigated, often using rodent-adapted prion cell culture models. Using a PrPSc-specific ELISA we discovered a monocationic phenyl-furan-benzimidazole (DB772), which has previously demonstrated anti-pestiviral activity and represents a chemical category previously untested for anti-prion activity, that inhibited PrPSc accumulation and prion infectivity in primary sheep microglial cell cultures (PRNP 136VV/154RR/171QQ) and Rov9 cultures (VRQ-ovinized RK13 cells). We investigated potential mechanisms of this anti-prion activity by evaluating PrPC expression with quantitative RT-PCR and PrP ELISA, comparing the concentration-dependent anti-prion and anti-pestiviral effects of DB772, and determining the selectivity index. Results demonstrate at least an approximate two-log inhibition of PrPSc accumulation in the two cell systems and confirmed that the inhibition of PrPSc accumulation correlates with inhibition of prion infectivity. PRNP transcripts and total PrP protein concentrations within cell lysates were not decreased; thus, decreased PrPC expression is not the mechanism of PrPSc inhibition. PrPSc accumulation was multiple logs more resistant than pestivirus to DB772, suggesting that the anti-PrPSc activity was independent of anti-pestivirus activity. The anti-PrPSc selectivity index in cell culture was approximately 4.6 in microglia and 5.5 in Rov9 cells. The results describe a new chemical category that inhibits ovine PrPSc accumulation in primary sheep microglia and Rov9 cells, and can be used for future studies into the treatment and mechanism of prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Stanton
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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21
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Shahraki M, Khorassani SMH, Ebrahimi A, Maghsoodlou MT, Paknahad A. Theoretical, Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies of the Reaction between Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates, Triphenylphosphine and Pyrrole in Organic Solvents. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2012. [DOI: 10.3184/146867812x13481351806737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction between triphenylphosphine, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and pyrrole in dry organic solvents at different temperatures have been studied spectrophotometrically. The observed overall second rate constant ( k2)for reaction decreases with decreasing solvent dielectric constant and media temperature; k2 follows the Arrhenius equation, and the overall reaction is first order in both the dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine concentrations. The proposed mechanism has been evaluated, and the activation parameters Δ G≠, Δ S≠ and Δ H≠ for the first, rate-determining step, as an elementary reaction have been determined on the basis of Eyring equation. In addition, the Z- and E-isomers have been optimized at HF and B3LYP levels with the 6-311++G** basis set; the more stable is the E-isomer, in agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, to better understand the intramolecular interactions, atoms in molecules (AIM) calculations and natural population analysis (NPA) methods have been carried out. The 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR data of these ylides are consistent with results obtained from theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shahraki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, PO Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, PO Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Malek Taher Maghsoodlou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, PO Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Ali Paknahad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, PO Box 98135-674, Zahedan, Iran
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22
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Newcomer BW, Marley MS, Galik PK, Walz PH, Zhang Y, Riddell KP, Dykstra CC, Boykin DW, Kumar A, Cruz-Espindola C, Boothe DM, Joiner KS, Givens MD. Antiviral treatment of calves persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Antivir Chem Chemother 2012; 22:171-9. [PMID: 22182713 DOI: 10.3851/imp1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animals persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) are a key source of viral propagation within and among herds. Currently, no specific therapy exists to treat PI animals. The purpose of this research was to initiate evaluation of the pharmacokinetic and safety data of a novel antiviral agent in BVDV-free calves and to assess the antiviral efficacy of the same agent in PI calves. METHODS One BVDV-free calf was treated with 2-(2-benzimidazolyl)-5-[4-(2-imidazolino)phenyl]furan dihydrochloride (DB772) once at a dose of 1.6 mg/kg intravenously and one BVDV-free calf was treated three times a day for 6 days at 9.5 mg/kg intravenously. Subsequently, four PI calves were treated intravenously with 12 mg/kg DB772 three times a day for 6 days and two PI control calves were treated with an equivalent volume of diluent only. RESULTS Prior to antiviral treatment, the virus isolated from each calf was susceptible to DB772 in vitro. The antiviral treatment effectively inhibited virus for 14 days in one calf and at least 3 days in three calves. Subsequent virus isolated from the three calves was resistant to DB772 in vitro. No adverse effects of DB772 administration were detected. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate that DB772 administration is safe and exhibits antiviral properties in PI calves while facilitating the rapid development of viral resistance to this novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Newcomer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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23
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Lo ATS, Salam NK, Hibbs DE, Rutledge PJ, Todd MH. Polyamide-scorpion cyclam lexitropsins selectively bind AT-rich DNA independently of the nature of the coordinated metal. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17446. [PMID: 21573061 PMCID: PMC3090394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclam was attached to 1-, 2- and 3-pyrrole lexitropsins for the first time through a synthetically facile copper-catalyzed "click" reaction. The corresponding copper and zinc complexes were synthesized and characterized. The ligand and its complexes bound AT-rich DNA selectively over GC-rich DNA, and the thermodynamic profile of the binding was evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. The metal, encapsulated in a scorpion azamacrocyclic complex, did not affect the binding, which was dominated by the organic tail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T. S. Lo
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - Noeris K. Salam
- Schrödinger, Inc., New York, New York, United States of
America
| | - David E. Hibbs
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - Peter J. Rutledge
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
| | - Matthew H. Todd
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
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24
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Stolić I, Mišković K, Piantanida I, Lončar MB, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Bajić M. Synthesis, DNA/RNA affinity and antitumour activity of new aromatic diamidines linked by 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:743-55. [PMID: 21227551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Cunningham CW, Mukhopadhyay A, Lushington GH, Blagg BSJ, Prisinzano TE, Krise JP. Uptake, distribution and diffusivity of reactive fluorophores in cells: implications toward target identification. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:1301-10. [PMID: 20557111 DOI: 10.1021/mp100089k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is much recent interest in the application of copper-free click chemistry to study a wide range of biological events in vivo and in vitro. Specifically, azide-conjugated fluorescent probes can be used to identify targets which have been modified with bioorthogonal reactive groups. For intracellular applications of this chemistry, the structural and physicochemical properties of the fluorescent azide become increasingly important. Ideal fluorophores should extensively accumulate within cells, have even intracellular distribution, and be free (unbound), allowing them to efficiently participate in bimolecular reactions. We report here on the synthesis and evaluation of a set of structurally diverse fluorescent probes to examine their potential usefulness in intracellular click reactions. Total cellular uptake and intracellular distribution profiles were comparatively assessed using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The intracellular diffusion coefficients were measured using a fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)-based method. Many reactive fluorophores exhibited suboptimal properties for intracellular reactions. BODIPY- and TAMRA-based azides had superior cellular accumulation, whereas TAMRA-based probes had the most uniform intracellular distribution and best cytosolic diffusivity. Collectively, these results provide an unbiased comparative evaluation regarding the suitability of azide-linked fluorophores for intracellular click reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Cunningham
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, and Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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26
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Chen X, Orser BA, MacDonald JF. Design and screening of ASIC inhibitors based on aromatic diamidines for combating neurological disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 648:15-23. [PMID: 20854810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) are implicated in various brain functions including learning and memory and are involved in a number of neurological disorders such as pain, ischemic stroke, depression, and multiple sclerosis. We have recently defined ASICs as one of receptor targets of aromatic diamidines in neurons. Aromatic diamidines are DNA-binding agents and have long been used in the treatment of leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, pneumocystis pneumonia and babesiosis. Moreover, some aromatic diamidines are used as skin-care and baby products and others have potential to suppress tumor growth or to combat malaria. A large number of aromatic diamidines or analogs have been synthesized. Many efforts are being made to optimize the therapeutic spectrum of aromatic diamidines, i.e. to reduce toxicity, increase oral bioavailability and enhance their penetration of the blood-brain barrier. Aromatic diamidines therefore provide a shortcut of screening for selective ASIC inhibitors with therapeutic potential. Intriguingly nafamostat, a protease inhibitor for treating acute pancreatitis, also inhibits ASIC activities. Aromatic diamidines and nafamostat have many similarities although they belong to distinct classes of medicinal agents for curing different diseases. Here we delineate background, clinical application and drug development of aromatic diamidines that could facilitate the screening for selective ASIC inhibitors for research purposes. Further studies may lead to a drug with therapeutic value and extend the therapeutic scope of aromatic diamidines to combat neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanmao Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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27
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Racané L, Tralić-Kulenović V, Kraljević Pavelić S, Ratkaj I, Peixoto P, Nhili R, Depauw S, Hildebrand MP, David-Cordonnier MH, Pavelić K, Karminski-Zamola G. Novel diamidino-substituted derivatives of phenyl benzothiazolyl and dibenzothiazolyl furans and thiophenes: synthesis, antiproliferative and DNA binding properties. J Med Chem 2010; 53:2418-32. [PMID: 20170096 DOI: 10.1021/jm901441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of new diamidino-, diisopropylamidino-, and diimidazolinyl-substituted derivatives of phenyl benzothiazolyl and dibenzothiazolyl furans and thiophenes were successfully prepared and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on tumor cell lines in vitro, DNA binding propensity, and sequence selectivity as well as cellular distribution. A strong antiproliferative effect of the tested compounds was observed on all tested cell lines in a concentration-dependent response pattern. In general, imidazolinyl-substituted derivatives and/or the thiophene core were in correlation with increased antiproliferative activity. Two compounds (2b and 3b) were chosen for biological studies due to their differential antiproliferative properties. The DNA binding properties of this new series of compounds were assessed and evidenced their efficient minor groove binding properties with preferential interaction at AT-rich sites. Both compounds also present nuclear subcellular localization, suggesting that their cellular mode of action implies localization in the DNA compartment and direct inhibition of DNA replication and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Racané
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Baruna Filipovića 28a 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Nagle PS, Rodriguez F, Kahvedzić A, Quinn SJ, Rozas I. Asymmetrical diaromatic guanidinium/2-aminoimidazolinium derivatives: synthesis and DNA affinity. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7113-21. [PMID: 19873979 DOI: 10.1021/jm901017t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we report the synthesis of three families of new amidine-based aromatic derivatives as potential DNA minor groove binding agents for the treatment of cancer. The preparation of monoguanidine, mono-2-aminoimidazoline, and asymmetric diphenylguanidine/2-aminoimidazoline derivatives (compounds 1a-c to 8a-c) is presented. The affinity of these substrates and of a family of mono- and bis-isoureas (previously prepared in Rozas' laboratory) for DNA was evaluated by means of DNA thermal denaturation measurements. In particular, compounds 2c, 5c, 6c, 7c, and 8c were found to bind strongly both to natural DNA and to adenine-thymine oligonucleotides, showing a preference for the adenine-thymine base pair sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padraic S Nagle
- School of Chemistry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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29
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Bakunova SM, Bakunov SA, Patrick DA, Kumar EVKS, Ohemeng KA, Bridges AS, Wenzler T, Barszcz T, Jones SK, Werbovetz KA, Brun R, Tidwell RR. Structure-activity study of pentamidine analogues as antiprotozoal agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:2016-35. [PMID: 19267462 DOI: 10.1021/jm801547t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diamidine 1 (pentamidine) and 65 analogues (2-66) have been tested for in vitro antiprotozoal activities against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Plasmodium falciparum, and Leishmania donovani, and for cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Dications 32, 64, and 66 exhibited antitrypanosomal potencies equal or greater than melarsoprol (IC(50) = 4 nM). Nine congeners (2-4, 12, 27, 30, and 64-66) were more active against P. falciparum than artemisinin (IC(50) = 6 nM). Eight compounds (12, 32, 33, 44, 59, 62, 64, and 66) exhibited equal or better antileishmanial activities than 1 (IC(50) = 1.8 microM). Several congeners were more active than 1 in vivo, curing at least 2/4 infected animals in the acute mouse model of trypanosomiasis. The diimidazoline 66 was the most promising compound in the series, showing excellent in vitro activities and high selectivities against T. b. rhodesiense, P. falciparum, and L. donovani combined with high antitrypanosomal efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana M Bakunova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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30
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Effect of 3,4-ethylenedioxy-extension of thiophene core on the DNA/RNA binding properties and biological activity of bisbenzimidazole amidines. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2544-54. [PMID: 19231203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel bisbenzimidazoles (4-6), characterized by 3,4-ethylenedioxy-extension of thiophene core, revealed pronounced affinity and strong thermal stabilization effect toward ds-DNA. They interact within ds-DNA grooves as dimmers or even oligomers and agglomerate along ds-RNA. Compounds 4-6 have shown moderate to strong antiproliferative effect toward panel of eight carcinoma cell lines. Compound 5 displayed the best inhibitory potential and in equitoxic concentration (IC(50)=1 x 10(-6)M) induced accumulation of cells in G2/M phase after 48 h of incubation. Fluorescence microscopy showed that 5 entered into live HeLa cells within 30 min, but did not accumulate in nuclei even after 2.5h. Compound 5 inhibited the growth of Trypanosome cruzi epimastigotes (IC(50)=4.3 x 10(-6)M).
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31
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Yan L, Wang Z, Chen MT, Wu N, Lan J, Gao X, You J, Gau HM, Chen CT. Preferential Formation of Homochiral Helical Sandwich-Shaped Architectures through the Metal-Mediated Assembly of Tris(imidazoline) Ligands with a Set of d3-d10 Transition-Metal Ions. Chemistry 2008; 14:11601-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Ming X, Ju W, Wu H, Tidwell RR, Hall JE, Thakker DR. Transport of dicationic drugs pentamidine and furamidine by human organic cation transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 37:424-30. [PMID: 18971316 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.024083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiparasitic activity of aromatic diamidine drugs, pentamidine and furamidine, depends on their entry into the pathogenic protozoa via membrane transporters. However, no such diamidine transporter has been identified in mammalian cells. The goal of this study is to investigate whether these dicationic drugs are substrates for human organic cation transporters (hOCTs, solute carrier family 22A1-3) and whether hOCTs play a role in their tissue distribution, elimination, and toxicity. Inhibitory and substrate activities of pentamidine and furamidine were studied in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The results of [(3)H]1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium uptake study showed that pentamidine is a potent inhibitor for all three OCT isoforms (IC50 < 20 microM), whereas furamidine is a potent inhibitor for hOCT1 and hOCT3 (IC50 < 21 microM) but a less potent inhibitor for hOCT2 (IC50 = 189.2 microM). Both diamidines are good substrates for hOCT1 (Km = 36.4 and 6.1 microM, respectively), but neither is a substrate for hOCT2 or hOCT3. The cytotoxicity of pentamidine and furamidine was 4.4- and 9.3-fold greater, respectively, in CHO-hOCT1 cells compared with the mock cells. Ranitidine, an hOCT1 inhibitor, reversed this hOCT1-mediated potentiation of cytotoxicity. This is the first finding that dicationic drugs, such as pentamidine and furamidine, are substrates for hOCT1. In humans, aromatic diamidines are primarily eliminated in the bile but are distributed and cause toxicity in both liver and kidney. These transporters may play important roles in the disposition of aromatic diamidines in humans, as well as resultant drug-drug interactions and toxicity involving diamidine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ming
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 3309 Kerr Hall, CB 7360, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
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33
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Spychała J. The usefulness of cyclic diamidines with different core-substituents as antitumor agents. Bioorg Chem 2008; 36:183-9. [PMID: 18571215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/06/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of related polycationic compounds has been screened for potential antitumor activity by the NCI's in vitro testing (one dose primary anticancer assay and the NCI-60 full panel screening). The GI50 values of triazines 3 and 4 are on average 1.9 microM and 2.4 microM, respectively. Furan 8 deserves mention too (1.9 microM). The biological test results showed that carbazole 10 possessed cytotoxic activity in the nanomolar range, much better than the other compounds tested, only against several cancer cell lines: CCRF-CEM, HL-60(TB), MOLT-4, NCI-H522, COLO 205, SF-268, but the average GI50 value was higher (15 microM). The activity appears closely dependent on the core-shape and length of the bisimidazoline molecules (important for both high cytotoxicity and DNA binding). The mechanism of DNA minor-groove binding of diamidines 1-12, based on the anticancer parameters, is highly probable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Spychała
- Department of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland.
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34
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Yin G, Wang Z, Chen A, Gao M, Wu A, Pan Y. A New Facile Approach to the Synthesis of 3-Methylthio-Substituted Furans, Pyrroles, Thiophenes, and Related Derivatives. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3377-83. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702585s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Anxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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35
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Xu G, Yin G, Guo W, Wu A, Cui Y. Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments and Z/E-stereoconfiguration determination of isomers of 1,4-diketone derivatives. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2008; 46:84-87. [PMID: 18098223 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments and Z/E-stereoconfiguration determination for a series of new isomers of 1,4-diketone derivatives obtained via self-sorting tandem reaction were accomplished by means of one- and two-dimentional NMR experiments including 1H, 13C, gCOSY, gHSQC, gHMBC, and NOESY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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36
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Biological properties of 4-methyl-2,7-diamino-5,10-diphenyl-4,9-diazapyrenium hydrogensulfate (ADAP). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 62:595-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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37
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Munde M, Ismail MA, Arafa R, Peixoto P, Collar CJ, Liu Y, Hu L, David-Cordonnier MH, Lansiaux A, Bailly C, Boykin DW, Wilson WD. Design of DNA minor groove binding diamidines that recognize GC base pair sequences: a dimeric-hinge interaction motif. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:13732-43. [PMID: 17935330 PMCID: PMC3865524 DOI: 10.1021/ja074560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The classical model of DNA minor groove binding compounds is that they should have a crescent shape that closely fits the helical twist of the groove. Several compounds with relatively linear shape and large dihedral twist, however, have been found recently to bind strongly to the minor groove. These observations raise the question of how far the curvature requirement could be relaxed. As an initial step in experimental analysis of this question, a linear triphenyl diamidine, DB1111, and a series of nitrogen tricyclic analogues were prepared. The goal with the heterocycles is to design GC binding selectivity into heterocyclic compounds that can get into cells and exert biological effects. The compounds have a zero radius of curvature from amidine carbon to amidine carbon but a significant dihedral twist across the tricyclic and amidine-ring junctions. They would not be expected to bind well to the DNA minor groove by shape-matching criteria. Detailed DNase I footprinting studies of the sequence specificity of this set of diamidines indicated that a pyrimidine heterocyclic derivative, DB1242, binds specifically to a GC-rich sequence, -GCTCG-. It binds to the GC sequence more strongly than to the usual AT recognition sequences for curved minor groove agents. Other similar derivatives did not exhibit the GC specificity. Biosensor-surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry experiments indicate that DB1242 binds to the GC sequence as a highly cooperative stacked dimer. Circular dichroism results indicate that the compound binds in the minor groove. Molecular modeling studies support a minor groove complex and provide an inter-compound and compound-DNA hydrogen-bonding rational for the unusual GC binding specificity and the requirement for a pyrimidine heterocycle. This compound represents a new direction in the development of DNA sequence-specific agents, and it is the first non-polyamide, synthetic compound to specifically recognize a DNA sequence with a majority of GC base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Munde
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | - Reem Arafa
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | - Paul Peixoto
- INSERM U-837, JPARC, Equipe N°4, IRCL, Lille 59045, France
| | - Catharine J. Collar
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | - Laixing Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | | | - Amélie Lansiaux
- INSERM U-837, JPARC, Equipe N°4, IRCL, Lille 59045, France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Antitumorale du Centre Oscar Lambret, IRCL, Lille, France
| | | | - David W. Boykin
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
| | - W. David Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
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38
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Mathis AM, Bridges AS, Ismail MA, Kumar A, Francesconi I, Anbazhagan M, Hu Q, Tanious FA, Wenzler T, Saulter J, Wilson WD, Brun R, Boykin DW, Tidwell RR, Hall JE. Diphenyl furans and aza analogs: effects of structural modification on in vitro activity, DNA binding, and accumulation and distribution in trypanosomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51:2801-10. [PMID: 17517831 PMCID: PMC1932548 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00005-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a devastating disease with only a few treatment options, including pentamidine. Diamidine compounds such as pentamidine, DB75, and DB820 are potent antitrypanosomal compounds. Previous investigations have shown that diamidines accumulate to high concentrations in trypanosomes. However, the mechanism of action of this class of compounds remains unknown. A long-hypothesized mechanism of action has been binding to DNA and interference with DNA-associated enzymes. The fluorescent diamidines, DB75 and DB820, have been shown to localize not only in the DNA-containing nucleus and kinetoplast of trypanosomes but also to the acidocalcisomes. Here we investigate two series of analogs of DB75 and DB820 with various levels of in vitro antitrypanosomal activity to determine whether any correlation exists between trypanosome accumulation, distribution, and in vitro activity. Despite wide ranges of in vitro antitrypanosomal activity, all of the compounds investigated accumulated to millimolar concentrations in trypanosomes over a period of 8 h. Interestingly, some of the less potent compounds accumulated to concentrations much higher than those of more potent compounds. All of the compounds were localized to the DNA-containing nucleus and/or kinetoplast, and many were also found in the acidocalcisomes. Accumulation in the nucleus and kinetoplast should be important to the mechanism of action of these compounds. The acidocalcisomes may also play a role in the mechanism of action of these compounds. This investigation suggests that the extent of accumulation alone is not responsible for killing trypanosomes and that organelle-specific accumulation may not predict in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Mathis
- Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC School of Pharmacy, 3312 Kerr Hall, CB#7360, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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39
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Chochois H, Sauthier M, Maerten E, Castanet Y, Mortreux A. 1,4-Carbonylative addition of arylboronic acids to methyl vinyl ketone: a new synthetic tool for rapid furan and pyrrole synthesis. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Le NM, Sielaff AM, Cooper AJ, Mackay H, Brown T, Kotecha M, O'Hare C, Hochhauser D, Lee M, Hartley JA. Binding of f-PIP, a pyrrole- and imidazole-containing triamide, to the inverted CCAAT box-2 of the topoisomerase IIα promoter and modulation of gene expression in cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:6161-4. [PMID: 17011187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An N-formamido pyrrole- and imidazole-containing triamide (f-PIP) has been shown by DNase I footprinting, SPR, and CD studies to bind as a stacked dimer to its cognate sequences: 5'-TACGAT-3' (5'-flank of the inverted CCAAT box-2 of the human topoisomerase IIalpha promoter) and 5'-ATCGAT-3'. A gel shift experiment provided evidence for f-PIP to inhibit protein-DNA interaction at the ICB2 site. Western blot studies showed that expression of the topoisomerase IIalpha gene in confluent NIH 3T3 cells was induced by treatment with f-PIP. The results suggested that the triamide was able to enter the nucleus, interacted with the target site within ICB2, inhibited NF-Y binding, and activated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Minh Le
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, 3300 Pointsett Highway, Greenville, SC 29613, USA
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41
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Starcević K, Kralj M, Piantanida I, Suman L, Pavelić K, Karminski-Zamola G. Synthesis, photochemical synthesis, DNA binding and antitumor evaluation of novel cyano- and amidino-substituted derivatives of naphtho-furans, naphtho-thiophenes, thieno-benzofurans, benzo-dithiophenes and their acyclic precursors. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:925-39. [PMID: 16650510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the research on the improvement of an alternative to conventional photodynamic therapy by light-induced formation of intercalators, we synthesized a series of novel heterocyclic compounds and their acyclic precursors. We now report details about their synthesis/characterization in respect to their potential of photoinduced cyclization, interactions with DNA and inhibition of the tumor cell growth in vitro. Among studied compounds only amidino-furyl-substituted phenyl acrylates were efficiently converted to the corresponding naphthofuranes, while their thiophene analogues, all non-charged derivatives and amidino-phenyl-substituted analogues didn't show acceptable photoconversion. The significantly stronger antiproliferative activity of cyclic analogues could be correlated to the property of these molecules to intercalate into DNA. The acyclic molecules did not show any interaction with DNA, correlating with the inferior biological activity, except for one cyano-bearing molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Starcević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20, P.O. Box 177, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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42
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Givens MD, Stringfellow DA, Riddell KP, Galik PK, Carson RL, Riddell MG, Navarre CB. Normal calves produced after transfer of in vitro fertilized embryos cultured with an antiviral compound. Theriogenology 2006; 65:344-55. [PMID: 15955552 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replicates in embryo co-culture systems and remains associated with developing IVF bovine embryos, despite washing and trypsin treatment. Previous research demonstrated that 2-(4-[2-imidazolinyl]phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan (DB606) inhibits replication of BVDV in cultured cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of IVF embryos to develop into normal, weaned calves after exposure to antiviral concentrations of DB606 during IVC. Oocytes were obtained from cows via transvaginal, ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Presumptive zygotes (n = 849) that resulted from fertilization of these oocytes were cultured for 7 d in medium supplemented with 0.4 microM DB606 or medium lacking antiviral agent. All blastocysts (n = 110) were transferred individually into the uterus of a synchronized recipient. The pregnancy status of recipients was determined using transrectal ultrasonography at 21-23 d after embryo transfer. Additional pregnancies as controls (n = 21) were initiated by natural breeding. Developing fetuses and resulting calves were evaluated every 27-34 d. Blastocyst development, pregnancies per transferred embryo, pregnancies maintained per pregnancies established, gestation length, gender ratio, birth weights, viability of neonates, complete blood counts, and serum chemistry profiles at 3 mo of age and adjusted 205 d weaning weights were compared for research treatments. Development to weaning after exposure to DB606 did not differ significantly from controls. In conclusion, bovine embryo cultures can be safely supplemented with antiviral concentrations of DB606; addition of DB606 agent might prevent viral transmission if BVDV were inadvertently introduced into the embryo culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Givens
- 127 Sugg Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5516, USA.
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43
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Turlington M, Mackay H, Rutledge C, Taherbhai Z, Nguyen B, Wilson D, Lee M. SYNTHESIS AND BIOPHYSICAL TESTING OF A NOVEL PYRROLE-CONTAINING POLYAMIDE-BENZAMIDINE HYBRID. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2006.12.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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44
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Ismail MA, Boykin DW, Stephens CE. An efficient synthesis of 5,5′-diaryl-2,2′-bichalcophenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Givens MD, Galik PK, Riddell KP, Dykstra CC, Brock KV, Stringfellow DA. Effects of aromatic cationic molecules on bovine viral diarrhea virus and embryonic development. Theriogenology 2005; 63:1984-94. [PMID: 15823354 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has been shown to replicate in embryo culture systems and remain associated with bovine embryos developing in vitro. In this study, novel antiviral agents were evaluated for capability to inhibit replication of BVDV without affecting embryonic development. Serial concentrations of 2-[5(6)-{2-imidazolinyl}-2-benzimidazolyl]-5-(4-aminophenyl)furan (DB456) or 2-(4-[2-imidazolinyl]phenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)furan (DB606) were prepared in IVC medium. Then, bovine uterine tubal epithelial cells (UTC) were placed in IVC media with varying concentrations of DB456 or DB606. Within 1h, a genotype I or II strain of BVDV was added to the cultures. Cultures were maintained for 7 days. Infectious virus was quantitated in IVC media collected on days 3 and 7 and in UTC lysates harvested on day 7. The effective antiviral concentrations of DB606 were much lower than effective antiviral concentrations of DB456. In subsequent experiments, IVF presumptive zygotes were cultured in IVC medium with or without DB456 or DB606 at multiple concentrations for 7 days to evaluate effect of the compound on conceptus development. On day 7, stage of embryonic development was observed, and blastocysts were harvested and stained using Hoechst 33342 to enumerate embryonic cells. While DB456 inhibited blastocyst development, DB606 at 20 times the effective antiviral concentration did not hinder blastocyst development or reduce the mean number of cells per blastocyst. These preliminary results indicated that bovine embryo cultures might be safely supplemented with effective concentrations of an antiviral agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Givens
- Department of Pathobiology, Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 127 Sugg Laboratory Building, Auburn, AL 36849-5516, USA.
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46
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Stefanovic L, Stephens CE, Boykin D, Stefanovic B. Inhibitory effect of dicationic diphenylfurans on production of type I collagen by human fibroblasts and activated hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci 2005; 76:2011-26. [PMID: 15707883 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2004] [Accepted: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of extracellular matrix is responsible for clinical manifestations of fibroproliferative disorders and drugs which can inhibit excessive synthesis of type I collagen are needed for the therapy. Several dicationic diphenylfurans were synthesized and were found to bind RNA. Two of these type compounds were able to reduce synthesis of type I collagen by human fibroblasts and human activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Activated HSCs are responsible for collagen production in liver fibrosis. When added at 40 microM compound 588 reduced intracellular level and secretion of procollagen alpha1(I) by 50%, while compound 654 reduced these parameters by more than 80% at 20 microM. 654 also significantly reduced secretion of fibronectin. Toxic effects were observed at 80 microM for 588 and 40 microM for 654. 654 reduced expression of a reporter gene with collagen signal peptide, while expression of the same gene without signal peptide was unaffected. Also, expression of intracellular proteins tubulin and calnexin was unchanged. 654 accumulated inside the cell in the cytoplasm and did not change the steady-state level of collagen mRNAs. Treatment of cells with proteosome inhibitor MG132 did not change the inhibitory effect of 654, suggesting that 654 acts as suppressor of translation of proteins containing a signal peptide. Most secreted proteins of fibroblasts and activated HSCs are components of extracellular matrix. Therefore inhibition of their production, as shown here for procollagen alpha1(I) and fibronectin, may be a useful property of some of diphenylfurans, making these compounds a basis for development of antifibrotic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lela Stefanovic
- Department of Biomedical Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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47
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Drożdżewski P, Musiała M. Synthesis and vibrational spectroscopy of new palladium(II) complexes with 2-hydrazino-2-imidazoline. Band assignment based on isotope substitution and density functional calculations. J Mol Struct 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Mallena S, Lee MPH, Bailly C, Neidle S, Kumar A, Boykin DW, Wilson WD. Thiophene-Based Diamidine Forms a “Super” AT Binding Minor Groove Agent. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:13659-69. [PMID: 15493923 DOI: 10.1021/ja048175m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The DNA minor groove is the interaction site for many enzymes and transcription control proteins and as a result, development of compounds that target the minor groove is an active research area. In an effort to develop biologically active minor groove agents, we are preparing and exploring the DNA interactions of a systematic set of diamidine derivatives with a powerful array of methods including DNase I footprinting, biosensor-SPR methods, and X-ray crystallography. Surprisingly, conversion of the parent phenyl-furan-phenyl diamidine to a phenyl-thiophene-benzimidazole derivative yields a compound with over 10-fold-increased affinity for the minor groove at AT sequences. Single conversion of the furan to a thiophene or a phenyl to benzimidazole does not cause a similar increase in affinity. X-ray results indicate a small bond angle difference between the C-S-C angle of thiophene and the C-O-C angle of furan that, when amplified out to the terminal amidines of the benzimidazole compounds, yields a very significant difference in the positions of the amidines and their DNA interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirish Mallena
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 4098, Atlanta, Georgia 30302-4098, USA
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49
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De Souza EM, Lansiaux A, Bailly C, Wilson WD, Hu Q, Boykin DW, Batista MM, Araújo-Jorge TC, Soeiro MNC. Phenyl substitution of furamidine markedly potentiates its anti-parasitic activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:593-600. [PMID: 15276066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 04/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Furamidine (DB75) and related unfused aromatic diamidines have proven useful for the treatment of parasitic infections. These compounds were primarily developed to combat infections by Pneumocystis carinii and African trypanosomes but they are also active against other parasites. Here we have investigated the in vitro effects of DB75 and its phenyl-substituted analog DB569 on two kinetoplastid haemoflagellates Trypanosomatidae: Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania (L) amazonensis. The phenyl-amidine compound DB569 has equivalent DNA binding properties compared to DB75 but it was selected on the basis of its distinct tumor cell distribution properties. We found that DB569 is significantly more potent than DB75 at reducing the proliferation of the parasites, using either isolated parasites in cultures or with cardiomyocyte and macrophage host cells. DB569 is effective towards the intracellular forms of T. cruzi (IC(50) in the low-micromolar range) and it exhibits trypanocidal dose-dependent effects against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi parasites obtained from the Y strain and Dm28c clone, which belong to two different biodemes. Fluorescence microscopy experiments indicated that both diamidines were mostly localized in the nucleus of the mammalian host cells and within the nuclei and kinetoplast of the parasites. Electron microscopy studies showed that the treatment of the parasites with DB75 and DB569 induces important alterations of the parasite nucleus and kinetoplast, at sites where their DNA target is localized. Altogether, the data suggest that the phenyl-substituted furamidine analogue DB569 is a potential new candidate for the treatment of the Chagas' disease and Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M De Souza
- Lab. Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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50
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Tanious F, Wilson WD, Wang L, Kumar A, Boykin DW, Marty C, Baldeyrou B, Bailly C. Cooperative dimerization of a heterocyclic diamidine determines sequence-specific DNA recognition. Biochemistry 2004; 42:13576-86. [PMID: 14622004 DOI: 10.1021/bi034852y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the course of a program aimed at discovering novel DNA-targeted antiparasitic drugs, the phenylfuran-benzimidazole unfused aromatic dication DB293 was identified as the first diamidine capable of forming stacked dimers in the DNA minor groove of GC-containing sequences. Its preferred binding sequence encompasses the tetranucleotide 5'-ATGA.5'-TCAT to which DB293 binds tightly with a strong positive cooperativity. Here we have investigated the influence of the DNA sequence on drug binding using two complementary technical approaches: surface plasmon resonance and DNase I footprinting. The central dinucleotide of the primary ATGA motif was systematically varied to represent all of the eight possible combinations (AXGA and ATYA, where X or Y = A, T, G, or C). Binding affinities for each site were precisely measured by SPR, and the extent of cooperative drug binding was also determined. The sequence recognition process was found to be extremely dependent on the nature of the central dinucleotide pair. Modification of the central TG step decreases binding affinity by a factor varying from 2 to over 500 depending on the base substitution. However, the diminished binding affinity does not affect the unique binding mode. In nearly all cases, the SPR titrations revealed a positive cooperativity in complex formation which reflects the ease of the dication to form stacked dimeric motifs in the DNA minor groove. DNase I footprinting served to identify additional binding sites for DB293 in the context of long DNA sequences offering a large variety of randomly distributed or specifically designed sites. The ATGA motif provided the best receptor for the drug, but lower affinity sequences were also identified. The design of two DNA fragments composed of various targeted tetranucleotide binding sites separated by an "insulator" (nonbinding) sequence allowed us to delineate further the influence of DNA sequence on drug binding and to identify a novel high-affinity site: 5'-ACAA.5'-TTGT. Collectively, the SPR and footprinting results show that the consensus sequence 5'-(A/T)-TG-(A/T) represents the optimal site for cooperative dimerization of the heterocyclic diamidine DB293.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farial Tanious
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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