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Shchelik IS, Gademann K. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Cephalosporin Derivatives Containing Cyclic Disulfide Moieties. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:2327-2338. [PMID: 36251034 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to a steady increase in microbial resistance, there is a need to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic performance by involving additional mechanisms of their penetration or retention for their better action. Cephalosporins are a successful group of antibiotics to combat pathogenic microorganisms, including drug-resistant strains. In this study, we investigated the effect of newly synthesized cephalosporin derivatives with cyclic disulfide modifications against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains as well as against biofilm formation. The incorporation of asparagusic acid was found to be effective in improving the activity of the drug against Gram-negative strains compared to the all carbon-control compounds. Furthermore, we could demonstrate the successful reduction of biofilm formation for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at similar concentrations as obtained against planktonic cells. We propose that the incorporation of cyclic disulfides is one additional strategy to improve antibiotic activity and to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga S Shchelik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Kumari S, Carmona AV, Tiwari AK, Trippier PC. Amide Bond Bioisosteres: Strategies, Synthesis, and Successes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12290-12358. [PMID: 32686940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The amide functional group plays a key role in the composition of biomolecules, including many clinically approved drugs. Bioisosterism is widely employed in the rational modification of lead compounds, being used to increase potency, enhance selectivity, improve pharmacokinetic properties, eliminate toxicity, and acquire novel chemical space to secure intellectual property. The introduction of a bioisostere leads to structural changes in molecular size, shape, electronic distribution, polarity, pKa, dipole or polarizability, which can be either favorable or detrimental to biological activity. This approach has opened up new avenues in drug design and development resulting in more efficient drug candidates introduced onto the market as well as in the clinical pipeline. Herein, we review the strategic decisions in selecting an amide bioisostere (the why), synthetic routes to each (the how), and success stories of each bioisostere (the implementation) to provide a comprehensive overview of this important toolbox for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Angelica V Carmona
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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3
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Socrier L, Rosselin M, Gomez Giraldo AM, Chantemargue B, Di Meo F, Trouillas P, Durand G, Morandat S. Nitrone-Trolox conjugate as an inhibitor of lipid oxidation: Towards synergistic antioxidant effects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1489-1501. [PMID: 31247162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Free radical scavengers like α-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) have been widely used as protective agents in various biomimetic and biological models. A series of three amphiphilic Trolox and PBN derivatives have been designed by adding to those molecules a perfluorinated chain as well as a sugar group in order to render them amphiphilic. In this work, we have studied the interactions between these derivatives and lipid membranes to understand how they influence their ability to prevent membrane lipid oxidation. We showed the derivatives better inhibited the AAPH-induced oxidation of 1,2-dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLiPC) small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) than the parent compounds. One of the derivatives, bearing both PBN and Trolox moieties on the same fluorinated carrier, exhibited a synergistic antioxidant effect by delaying the oxidation process. We next investigated the ability of the derivatives to interact with DLiPC membranes in order to better understand the differences observed regarding the antioxidant properties. Surface tension and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments revealed the derivatives exhibited the ability to form monolayers at the air/water interface and spontaneously penetrated lipid membranes, underlying pronounced hydrophobic properties in comparison to the parent compounds. We observed a correlation between the hydrophobic properties, the depth of penetration and the antioxidant properties and showed that the location of these derivatives in the membrane is a key parameter to rationalize their antioxidant efficiency. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations supported the understanding of the mechanism of action, highlighting various key physical-chemical descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Socrier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France.
| | - Marie Rosselin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Ana Milena Gomez Giraldo
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France
| | - Benjamin Chantemargue
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IPPRITT, U1248, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; RCPTM, Palacký University, Faculty of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Florent Di Meo
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IPPRITT, U1248, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Trouillas
- INSERM, Univ. Limoges, IPPRITT, U1248, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges, France; RCPTM, Palacký University, Faculty of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM) & Avignon University, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, F-84916 Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Sandrine Morandat
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, FRE 3580, Centre de recherches Royallieu, CS 60319, 60203, Compiègne cedex, France
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4
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Synthesis, structure, antioxidant activity, and water solubility of trolox ion conjugates. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:84-92. [PMID: 29379338 PMCID: PMC5783810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of trolox with ammonia, alkylamines of different classes, and amino derivatives of heterocyclic compounds, including nitroxyl radicals and alkaloids, led to the production of ammonium salts called ion conjugates (ICs). Five ICs were characterised by X-ray diffraction. This is the first time a wide range of ICs were made from trolox with amines, and ESI-MS data demonstrated they have the potential to generate pseudomolecular [(A−B+) + H]+ ions. For all obtained trolox ICs, a significant increase (1–3 orders of magnitude) in water solubility was achieved while retaining high antioxidant activity. ICs synthesised from two biologically active fragments may be used to create polyfunctional agents with varying solubility and bioavailability.
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Novel NSAID-Derived Drugs for the Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071035. [PMID: 27376271 PMCID: PMC4964411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been suggested for the potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Prolonged use of NSAIDs, however, produces gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. To overcome this serious limitation, the aim of this study was to develop novel NSAID-derived drug conjugates (Anti-inflammatory-Lipoyl derivatives, AL4-9) that preserve the beneficial effects of NSAIDS without causing GI problems. As such, we conjugated selected well-known NSAIDs, such as (S)-naproxen and (R)-flurbiprofen, with (R)-α-lipoic acid (LA) through alkylene diamine linkers. The selection of the antioxidant LA was based on the proposed role of oxidative stress in the development and/or progression of AD. Our exploratory studies revealed that AL7 containing the diaminoethylene linker between (R)-flurbiprofen and LA had the most favorable chemical and in vitro enzymatic stability profiles among the synthesized compounds. Upon pretreatment, this compound exhibited excellent antioxidant activity in phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated U937 cells (lymphoblast lung from human) and Aβ(25-35)-treated THP-1 cells (leukemic monocytes). Furthermore, AL7 also modulated the expression of COX-2, IL-1β and TNF-α in these cell lines, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. Taken together, AL7 has emerged as a potential lead worthy of further characterization and testing in suitable in vivo models of AD.
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Kim BC, Lee SH, Jang M, Won MH, Park JH. ( S)-Allyl Cysteine Derivatives as a New-type Cholinesterase Inhibitor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon 200-701 Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; Hanbat National University; Daejeon 305-719 South Korea
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8
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Koufaki M. Therapeutic applications of lipoic acid: a patent review (2011 – 2014). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:993-1005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.937425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Bolognesi ML, Bergamini C, Fato R, Oiry J, Vasseur JJ, Smietana M. Synthesis of New Lipoic Acid Conjugates and Evaluation of Their Free Radical Scavenging and Neuroprotective Activities. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 83:688-96. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 and Via Irnerio 4 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 and Via Irnerio 4 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology; University of Bologna; Via Belmeloro 6 and Via Irnerio 4 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Joël Oiry
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron; IBMM UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier 1; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Jean-Jacques Vasseur
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron; IBMM UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier 1; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
| | - Michael Smietana
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron; IBMM UMR 5247 CNRS; Université Montpellier 1; Université Montpellier 2; Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
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10
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Lipid metabolites and their differential pro-arrhythmic profiles: of importance in the development of a new anti-arrhythmic pharmacology. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 393:191-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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11
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Yushkova YV, Chernyak EI, Polienko YF, Gatilov YV, Morozov SV, Grigor’ev IA. Synthesis of spin-labeled amides of 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox). Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Yeun GH, Lee SH, Lim YB, Lee HS, Won MH, Lee BH, Park JH. Synthesis of Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Coupled between α-Lipoic Acid and Polyphenols by Using 2-(Piperazin-1-yl)ethanol Linker. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.4.1025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Discovery of new orally effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory hybrid furoxanyl N-acylhydrazone derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2158-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Woo YJ, Lee BH, Yeun GH, Kim HJ, Ko JM, Won MH, Lee BH, Park JH. Development of Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Using (R)-Lipoic Acid-Polyphenol Hybrid Molecules. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Woo YJ, Lee BH, Yeun GH, Kim HJ, Won MH, Kim SH, Lee BH, Park JH. Selective Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Using Polyphenol-polyphenol Hybrid Molecules. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Koufaki M, Tsatsaroni A, Alexi X, Guerrand H, Zerva S, Alexis MN. Isoxazole substituted chromans against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4841-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.06.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Matralis AN, Katselou MG, Nikitakis A, Kourounakis AP. Novel benzoxazine and benzothiazine derivatives as multifunctional antihyperlipidemic agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5583-91. [PMID: 21702499 DOI: 10.1021/jm200763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease with several mechanisms participating in its manifestation. To address this disorder, we applied a strategy involving the design of a single chemical compound able to simultaneously modulate more than one target. We hereby present the development of novel benzoxazine and benzothiazine derivatives that significantly inhibit in vitro microsomal lipid peroxidation and LDL oxidation as well as squalene synthase activity (IC(50) of 5-16 μM). Further, these compounds show antidyslipidemic and antioxidant properties in vivo, decreasing total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride, and MDA levels of hyperlipidemic rats by 26-74%. Finally, by determination of their in vivo concentration (up to 24 h) in target tissues (blood/liver), it is shown that compounds reach their targets in the low micromolar range. The new compounds seem to be interesting multifunctional molecules for the development of a new pharmacophore for disease-modifying agents useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios N Matralis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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18
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Synthesis of cinnamoyl ketoamides as hybrid structures of antioxidants and calpain inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2850-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang SJ, Ge QF, Guo DW, Hu WX, Liu HZ. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of alpha-lipoic acid derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3078-83. [PMID: 20403695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
alpha-Lipoic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activities against NCI-460, HO-8910, KB, BEL-7402, and PC-3 cell lines. The results, for most compounds exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory property and several compounds had good inhibitions at the dose of 100 microg/mL. Compound 17 m was further selected for in vivo evaluation against S180 xenograft in ICR mice, which had 24.7% tumor-weight inhibition through intragastric administration of 200mg/kg of body weight. Moreover, the LD(50) in mice for 17 m through ig exceeded 1000 mg/kg of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
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20
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Koufaki M, Theodorou E, Alexi X, Nikoloudaki F, Alexis MN. Synthesis of tropolone derivatives and evaluation of their in vitro neuroprotective activity. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:1107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Kim JH, Sim GS, Bae JT, Oh JY, Lee GS, Lee DH, Lee BC, Pyo HB. Synthesis and anti-melanogenic effects of lipoic acid-polyethylene glycol ester. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 60:863-70. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To develop a new potent anti-melanogenic agent, we have conjugated lipoic acid (LA) to poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 2000 and examined the effects on inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. The water-soluble LA-PEG 2000 was synthesized from LA and methylated PEG by an esterification reaction in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide. Synthetic LA-PEG 2000 was confirmed by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The new conjugate is a highly water-soluble molecule, which has lower cell cytotoxicity than LA. Treatment with LA-PEG 2000 significantly suppressed the biosynthesis of melanin by up to 63% at 0.25 mm and reduced tyrosinase activity by up to 80% at 0.50 mm in B16F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, Western blot and RT-PCR studies indicated that treatment with LA-PEG 2000 decreased the level of tyrosinase, which is a melanogenic enzyme. Taken together, these results suggest that LA-PEG 2000 may inhibit melanin biosynthesis by down-regulating levels and expression of tyrosinase activity. Therefore, LA-PEG 2000 can be used effectively as a new agent to inhibit mel-anogenesis, with lower cytotoxicity than LA (parent molecule) in B16F10 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwa Kim
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
| | - Gwan-Sub Sim
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
| | - Jun-Tae Bae
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
| | - Jung-Young Oh
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
| | - Geun-Su Lee
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Lee
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
| | - Bum-Chun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1×5, Canada
| | - Hyeong-Bae Pyo
- R&D Center, Hanbul Cosmetics Co. Ltd, 72-7, Yongsung-ri, Samsung-myun, Umsung-kun, Chungbuk 369-834, Korea
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Abstract
The design and synthesis of hybrid molecules encompassing two pharmacophores in one molecular scaffold is a well-established approach to the synthesis of more potent drugs with dual activity. In this chapter, we will present the most important synthetic methodologies we have applied for the preparation of hybrid compounds containing the "universal antioxidant" alpha-lipoic acid. Experimental details for the synthesis and purification techniques of specific examples of molecules will be given. The synthesized molecules combine antioxidant activity with a variety of other biological activities such as protection against reperfusion arrhythmias, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Athens, Greece
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Yang LX, Huang KX, Li HB, Gong JX, Wang F, Feng YB, Tao QF, Wu YH, Li XK, Wu XM, Zeng S, Spencer S, Zhao Y, Qu J. Design, synthesis, and examination of neuron protective properties of alkenylated and amidated dehydro-silybin derivatives. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7732-52. [PMID: 19673490 DOI: 10.1021/jm900735p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of C7-O- and C20-O-amidated 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHS) derivatives ((+/-)-1a-f and (+/-)-2), as well as a set of alkenylated DHS analogues ((+/-)-4a-f), were designed and de novo synthesized. A diesteric derivative of DHS ((+/-)-3) and two C23 esterified DHS analogues ((+/-)-5a and (+/-)-5b) were also prepared for comparison. The cell viability of PC12 cells, Fe(2+) chelation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), free radical scavenging, and xanthine oxidase inhibition models were utilized to evaluate their antioxidative and neuron protective properties. The study revealed that the diether at C7-OH and C20-OH as well as the monoether at C7-OH, which possess aliphatic substituted acetamides, demonstrated more potent LPO inhibition and Fe(2+) chelation compared to DHS and quercetin. Conversely, the diallyl ether at C7-OH and C20-OH was more potent in protection of PC12 cells against H(2)O(2)-induced injury than DHS and quercetin. Overall, the more lipophilic alkenylated DHS analogues were better performing neuroprotective agents than the acetamidated derivatives. The results in this study would be beneficial for optimizing the therapeutic potential of lignoflavonoids, especially in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Zhejiang TCM R&D, Pharmacy School of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China
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He L, Galland S, Dufour C, Chen GR, Dangles O, Fenet B, Praly JP. C-D-Glucopyranosyl Derivatives of Tocopherols – Synthesis and Evaluation as Amphiphilic Antioxidants. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Reddy DS, Srinivas P, Balasubrahmanyam D, Iqbal J. Synthesis of an oxa-lipoic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Koufaki M, Kiziridi C, Nikoloudaki F, Alexis MN. Design and synthesis of 1,2-dithiolane derivatives and evaluation of their neuroprotective activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4223-7. [PMID: 17531485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 05/09/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized new analogues containing 1,2-dithiolane-3-alkyl and protected or free catechol moieties connected through heteroaromatic rings such as triazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, tetrazole or thiazole in order to explore the influence of the bioisosteric replacement of the amide group on the neuroprotective activity of the lipoic acid/dopamine conjugate. Evaluation of the activity of the new compounds, using glutamate-challenged hippocampal HT22 cells, showed that incorporation of heteroaromatic rings in the alkyl-1,2-dithiolane moieties in conjunction with another antioxidant, in this case catechol, may result in strong neuroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 48 Vas. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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27
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Detsi A, Bouloumbasi D, Prousis KC, Koufaki M, Athanasellis G, Melagraki G, Afantitis A, Igglessi-Markopoulou O, Kontogiorgis C, Hadjipavlou-Litina DJ. Design and synthesis of novel quinolinone-3-aminoamides and their alpha-lipoic acid adducts as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2450-8. [PMID: 17444626 DOI: 10.1021/jm061173n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted-quinolinone-3-aminoamides and their hybrids containing the alpha-lipoic acid functionality were designed and synthesized as potential bifunctional agents combining antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The new compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and for their ability to inhibit in vitro lipoxygenase as well as for their anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. In general, the derivatives were found to be potent antioxidant or anti-inflammatory agents. The results are discussed in terms of structure-activity relationships and an attempt is made to define the structural features required for activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Detsi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zorgafou Campus, GR 157 73, Athens, Greece.
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28
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29
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Menichetti S, Pagliuca C, Viglianisi C. Ortho-thioquinones and mediterranean diet: The sulfur connection. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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30
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Huang K, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW. Enantiomeric impurities in chiral synthons, catalysts, and auxiliaries. Part 3. TETRAHEDRON, ASYMMETRY 2006; 17:2821-2832. [PMID: 25598583 PMCID: PMC4294700 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2006.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomeric excess of chiral reagents used in asymmetric syntheses directly affects the reaction selectivity and product purity. In this work, 84 of the more recently available chiral compounds were evaluated to determine their actual enantiomeric composition. These compounds are widely used in asymmetric syntheses as chiral synthons, catalysts, and auxiliaries. These include chiral alcohols, amines, amino alcohols, amides, carboxylic acids, epoxides, esters, ketones, and oxolanes among other classes of compounds. All enantiomeric test results were categorized within five purity levels (i.e. <0.01%, 0.01% to 0.1%, 0.1% to 1%, 1% to 10%, and >10%). The majority of the reagents tested were determined to have enantiomeric impurities over 0.01%, and two of them were found to contain enantiomeric impurities exceeding the 10% level. The most effective enantioselective analysis method was a GC approach using a Chiraldex GTA chiral stationary phase (CSP). This method worked exceedingly well with chiral amines and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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31
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Gupta S, Sharma SS. Neuroprotective effects of trolox in global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:957-61. [PMID: 16651726 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a third leading cause of death and oxygen free radicals have been shown to be involved in its pathophysiology. In the present study, we have investigated neuroprotective potential of trolox, a free radical scavenger in bilateral carotid arteries occlusion (5 min) model of global cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Gerbils were treated with trolox (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to occlusion. There was a significant increase in neurological symptoms and locomotor activity in ischemic animals as compared with the sham-operated animals. These effects were attenuated by trolox 30 mg/kg, i.p. Significant increase in the number of the surviving neurons in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal region was observed in ischemic animals treated with trolox 30 mg/kg, i.p. There was significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in ischemic animals indicating oxidative stress. Elevated levels of MDA in ischemic animals (25.79+/-3.34 microM/mg of protein) were reduced (16.43+/-3.32 microM/mg of protein) and (8.98+/-0.89 microM/mg of protein) by trolox 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p., respectively. This study demonstrates the neuroprotective potential of trolox in global cerebral ischemia in gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India
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32
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Vassilopoulos A, Papazafiri P. Attenuation of oxidative stress in HL-1 cardiomyocytes improves mitochondrial function and stabilizes Hif-1alpha. Free Radic Res 2005; 39:1273-84. [PMID: 16298857 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500166685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
HL-1 cardiomyocytes were subjected to simulated hypoxia, in the presence of cobalt chloride, which resulted in reduction of cell viability and induction of DNA laddering, indicating the activation of the apoptotic cascade. In the presence of trolox, ascorbic acid, melatonin and the hybrid compound of trolox and lipoic acid (LaT 3a), cell viability was increased, with LaT 3a exhibiting the best effect. Antioxidant treatment restored ATP levels, abolished laddering of DNA, abrogated MPTP opening, Bax translocation to the mitochondria and cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm. Moreover, severe hypoxia, was found to destabilize hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (Hif-1alpha) mRNA. Reduction of oxidative stress attenuated this effect, implying a possible anti-apoptotic action of the master regulator of hypoxia response. Our data suggest that antioxidants can maintain cell function and survival by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and stabilizing Hif-1alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Vassilopoulos
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
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33
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Koufaki M, Theodorou E, Galaris D, Nousis L, Katsanou ES, Alexis MN. Chroman/Catechol Hybrids: Synthesis and Evaluation of Their Activity against Oxidative Stress Induced Cellular Damage. J Med Chem 2005; 49:300-6. [PMID: 16392814 DOI: 10.1021/jm0506120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Three series of chromans substituted at positions 2 or 5 by catechol derivatives were synthesized, and their activity against oxidative stress induced cellular damage was studied. Specifically, the ability of the new molecules to protect cultured cells from H(2)O(2)-induced DNA damage was evaluated using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), while the neuroprotective activity of the new compounds against oxidative stress induced programmed cell death was studied using glutamate-challanged hippocampal HT22 cells. The majority of the new compounds are stronger neuroprotectants than quercetin. 5-Substituted chroman analogues such as the caffeic acid amides 12 and 16 and the dihydrostilbene analogue 24 were the most potent against both H(2)O(2)- and glutamate-induced damage in Jurkat T cells and HT22 cells, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vas. Constantinou Ave., 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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Koufaki M, Detsi A, Theodorou E, Kiziridi C, Calogeropoulou T, Vassilopoulos A, Kourounakis AP, Rekka E, Kourounakis PN, Gaitanaki C, Papazafiri P. Synthesis of chroman analogues of lipoic acid and evaluation of their activity against reperfusion arrhythmias. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 12:4835-41. [PMID: 15336262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel hybrids of lipoic acid and trolox connected through triamine spacers as well as analogues in which the lipoic acid was attached at different positions of the chroman moiety of vitamin E through an amide bond, were synthesized and exhibited strong inhibition of the microsomal lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the new molecules, at 1 microM concentration, reduced reperfusion arrhythmias and MDA content on isolated rat heart preparations, with the 2- and 5-subtituted chromans possessing the better cardioprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vasileos Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece.
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35
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Menichetti S, Aversa MC, Cimino F, Contini A, Viglianisi C, Tomaino A. Synthesis and “double-faced” antioxidant activity of polyhydroxylated 4-thiaflavans. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:3066-72. [PMID: 16186941 DOI: 10.1039/b507496g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthetic methodology, based on the inverse electron demand hetero Diels-Alder reaction of electron-poor dienic o-thioquinones with electron-rich styrenes used as dienophiles, allowed the preparation of several polyhydroxylated 4-thiaflavans. Such compounds, as a function of the nature and position of the substituents on the aromatic rings, as well as of the oxidation state of the sulfur atom, are able to behave in vitro as efficient antioxidants mimicking the action of catechol containing flavonoids or/and tocopherols. The possibility of joining together the potentialities of two relevant families of natural polyphenolic antioxidants appears particularly appealing since an efficient protection against free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) depends in vivo upon the synergic action of different antioxidant derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menichetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica, Polo Scientifico-Università di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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36
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Hamilton KL, Quindry JC, French JP, Staib J, Hughes J, Mehta JL, Powers SK. MnSOD antisense treatment and exercise-induced protection against arrhythmias. Free Radic Biol Med 2004; 37:1360-8. [PMID: 15454275 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise provides protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I-R)-induced arrhythmias, myocardial stunning, and infarction. An exercise-induced increase in myocardial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity has been reported to be vital for protection against infarction. However, whether MnSOD is essential for exercise-induced protection against ventricular arrhythmias is unknown. We determined the effects of preventing the exercise-induced increase in MnSOD activity on arrhythmias during I-R resulting in myocardial stunning. Male rats remained sedentary or were subjected to successive bouts of endurance exercise. During in vivo myocardial I-R, the incidence of arrhythmias was significantly lower in the exercise-trained rats than in the sedentary rats as evidenced by the arrhythmia. When exercised rats were pretreated with antisense oligonucleotides directed against MnSOD, protection from arrhythmias was attenuated. Moreover, I-R resulted in significant increases in nitro-tyrosine (NT) in the sedentary group. Exercise abolished this I-R-induced NT formation but this protection was unchanged by antisense treatment. Protein carbonyls were increased by I-R, but neither exercise nor antisense treatment impacted carbonyl formation. These data demonstrate that an exercise-induced increase in MnSOD activity is important for protection against arrhythmias. The mechanism by which MnSOD provides protection does not appear to be linked to protein nitrosylation or oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn L Hamilton
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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37
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Marczin N, El-Habashi N, Hoare GS, Bundy RE, Yacoub M. Antioxidants in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: therapeutic potential and basic mechanisms. Arch Biochem Biophys 2004; 420:222-36. [PMID: 14654061 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2003.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a constant threat to all living organisms and an immense repertoire of cellular defense systems is being employed by most pro- and eukaryotic systems to eliminate or to attenuate oxidative stress. Ischemia and reperfusion is characterized by both a significant oxidative stress and characteristic changes in the antioxidant defense. By focusing on this antioxidant response of the cardiovascular system in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury, the aim of this review was threefold. First, based on recent animal experiments and clinical studies we shall discuss how endogenous antioxidants respond to oxidative stress during ischemia-reperfusion injury and highlight the results of recent trials on the ability of antioxidants to modulate ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this aspect, we will particularly focus on the emerging concept that various lines of antioxidant defenses do not act individually but are linked to each other in a systematic relationship as part of an antioxidant network. It is well known that enzymatic mechanisms are important components of the endogenous antioxidant repertoire; however, the relative importance of the different enzyme systems and isoforms has been much debated. The second part will focus on recent suggestions attributing a potentially key role of mitochondrial MnSOD in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Finally, the third part of the review will critically examine how endogenous antioxidants might regulate the complex signal transduction pathways of cellular activation with particular attention to the NF-kappaB and MAPK systems that appears to determine outcome of injury, survival, and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nándor Marczin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute at the Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex UB9 6JH, UK.
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38
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Koufaki M, Calogeropoulou T, Rekka E, Chryselis M, Papazafiri P, Gaitanaki C, Makriyannis A. Bifunctional agents for reperfusion arrhythmias: Novel hybrid vitamin E/Class I antiarrhythmics. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:5209-19. [PMID: 14604685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2003.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of hybrid compounds combining the pharmacophoric redox moieties of vitamin E and key features responsible for the antiarrhythmic properties of the class I antiarrhythmics procainamide and lidocaine. Procainamide analogue (2a) and lidocaine analogues (14a) and (14b) are very strong inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. All analogues tested at 100 or 30 microM enhanced the post ischemic recovery without inducing ventricular fibrillations while there was no evidence in our experiments for drug-induced pro-arrhythmia. In addition, they induced a widening of the QRS intervals. Our data suggest that the efficacy of the new compounds in preventing reperfusion arrhythmias could be attributed to their combined effects involving inhibition of free radical mediated damage coupled with antiarrhythmic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- Institute of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Ave., 116 35, Athens, Greece.
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39
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Durand G, Polidori A, Salles JP, Prost M, Durand P, Pucci B. Synthesis and antioxidant efficiency of a new amphiphilic spin-trap derived from PBN and lipoic acid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2673-6. [PMID: 12873491 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new amphiphilic antioxidant called PBNLP and derived from both alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) and lipoic acid was described. Grafting a lactobionamide moiety onto the aromatic group of the PBN provided the water solubility of this compound. In vitro preliminary biological evaluations of its antioxidant capacity were performed using the KRL biological test based on free radical-induced hemolysis. The PBNLP induces a protection of erythrocytes against exogenous free radicals higher than that measured with lipoic acid or PBN alone or with lipoic acid or PBN derivatives in admixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Durand
- Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et des Systèmes Moléculaire Vectoriels, Faculté des Sciences, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France.
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40
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Arrault A, Dubuisson M, Gharbi S, Marchand C, Verbeuren T, Rupin A, Cordi A, Bouskela E, Rees JF, Marchand-Brynaert J. Protective effect of imidazolopyrazinone antioxidants on ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:653-6. [PMID: 12639551 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)01049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-substituted 3,7-dihydroimidazolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-3-ones has been synthesized and evaluated for their antioxidant activity. Compounds 1-8 are inhibitors of AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation (in vitro) and excellent protectors against microvascular damages in ischemia/reperfusion (in vivo). Hence, the bicyclic structure typical of coelenterazine (luciferin) could be considered as a useful lead in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Arrault
- Unité de Chimie Organique et Médicinale, Université Catholique de Louvain, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Place Louis Pasteur 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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