1
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Siutkina A, Kalinina S, Liu R, Heitman LH, Junker A, Daniliuc CG, Kalinin DV. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, Structure, and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Novel 6-Methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14097-14112. [PMID: 37091407 PMCID: PMC10116508 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We herein disclose the microwave-assisted synthesis of previously unreported 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines, whose purine-like scaffold is promising for drug discovery. The method is simple, fast, and relies on easily accessible reagents such as trimethyl orthoformate, acetic acid, and aminotriazole-derived N,N'-disubstituted formamidines. The preliminary biological evaluation revealed that selected representatives of synthesized 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydro-5-azapurines dose-dependently reduce the viability of HepG2 and A549 cancer cells having little to no influence on five tested purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena
I. Siutkina
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Svetlana Kalinina
- Institute
of Food Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rongfang Liu
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Drug Discovery
and Safety, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H. Heitman
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Division of Drug Discovery
and Safety, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Junker
- European
Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dmitrii V. Kalinin
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- . Tel.: +49-2-51-83-33372
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2
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Brullo C, Caviglia D, Spallarossa A, Alfei S, Franzblau SG, Tasso B, Schito AM. Microbiological Screening of 5-Functionalized Pyrazoles for the Future Development of Optimized Pyrazole-Based Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091770. [PMID: 36145518 PMCID: PMC9503297 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrazole ring represents a widely applied chemical scaffold in medicinal chemistry research and we have observed that the physicochemical and biological features of highly substituted pyrazoles can be successfully improved by their encapsulation in dendrimer nanoparticles (NPs). For the future development of new optimized antibacterial delivery systems, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 5-amino functionalized pyrazole library (compounds 2–7). In detail, new derivatives 2–7 were differently decorated in C3, C4 and C5 positions. An in silico study predicted pyrazoles 2–7 to exert good drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 3c and 4b were endowed with moderate, but nanotechnologically improvable activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of Gram-positive species, especially of the Staphylococcus genus (MICs = 32–64 µg/mL). In addition, derivatives 3c and 4a showed moderate activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 4a evidenced activity also against MDR strains. Overall, the collected evidence supported that, upon nano-formulation with proper polymer matrices, the new synthesized compounds could provide new pyrazole-based drug delivery systems with an enhanced and enlarged-spectrum of antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Debora Caviglia
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Spallarossa
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Organic Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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3
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Di Maria S, Picarazzi F, Mori M, Cianciusi A, Carbone A, Crespan E, Perini C, Sabetta S, Deplano S, Poggialini F, Molinari A, Aronne R, Maccioni E, Maga G, Angelucci A, Schenone S, Musumeci F, Dreassi E. Novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as dual Src/Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors: Synthesis and biological evaluation for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106071. [PMID: 35932498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase (TK) is the molecular hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Src is another TK kinase whose involvement in CML was widely demonstrated. Small molecules active as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors emerged as effective targeted therapies for CML and a few compounds are currently in clinical use. In this study, we applied a target-oriented approach to identify a family of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors as anti-leukemia agents. Considering the high homology between Src and Bcr-Abl, in-house Src inhibitors 8a-l and new analogue compounds 9a-n were screened as dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitors. The antiproliferative activity on K562 CML cells and the ADME profile were determined for the most promising compounds. Molecular modeling studies elucidated the binding mode of the inhibitors into the Bcr-Abl (wt) catalytic pocket. Compounds 8j and 8k showed nanomolar activities in enzymatic and cellular assays, together with favorable ADME properties, emerging as promising candidates for CML therapy. Finally, derivatives 9j and 9k, emerging as valuable inhibitors of the most aggressive Bcr-Abl mutation, T315I, constitute a good starting point in the search for compounds able to treat drug-resistant forms of CML. Overall, this study allowed us to identify more potent compounds than those previously reported by the group, marking a step forward in searching for new antileukemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Di Maria
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Picarazzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Cianciusi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Perini
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Samantha Sabetta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Serenella Deplano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A-Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Molinari
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossella Aronne
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elias Maccioni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Blocco A-Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, S.P. 8 km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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4
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Signorello MG, Rapetti F, Meta E, Sidibè A, Bruno O, Brullo C. New Series of Pyrazoles and Imidazo-Pyrazoles Targeting Different Cancer and Inflammation Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195735. [PMID: 34641279 PMCID: PMC8510017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: different previously synthesized pyrazoles and imidazo-pyrazoles showed interesting anti-angiogenic action, being able to interfere with ERK1/2, AKT and p38MAPK phosphorylation in different manners and with different potency; (2) Methods: here, a new small compound library, endowed with the same differently decorated chemical scaffolds, has been synthetized to obtain new agents able to inhibit different pathways involved in inflammation, cancer and human platelet aggregation. (3) Results: most of the new synthesized derivatives resulted able to block ROS production, platelet aggregation and p38MAPK phosphorylation both in platelets and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial cells (HUVEC). This paves the way for the development of new agents with anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Signorello
- Biochemistry Lab., Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Federica Rapetti
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (O.B.)
| | - Elda Meta
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut Voor Biotechnologie, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Adama Sidibè
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Olga Bruno
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (O.B.)
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Section of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (O.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-353-8368
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5
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Brullo C, Rapetti F, Alfei S, Maric I, Rizzelli F, Mapelli M, Rosano C, Viale M, Bruno O. Discovery of New Antiproliferative Imidazopyrazole Acylhydrazones Able To Interact with Microtubule Systems. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:961-969. [PMID: 32233110 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Even though immunotherapy has radically changed the search for anticancer therapies, there are still many different pathways that are open to intervention with traditional small molecules. To expand our investigation in the anticancer field, we report here a new series of compounds in which our previous pyrazole and imidazopyrazole scaffolds are linked to a differently decorated phenyl ring through an acylhydrazone linker. Preliminary tests on the library were performed at the National Cancer Institute (USA) against the full NCI 60 cell panel. The best compounds among the imidazopyrazole series were then tested by immunofluorescence staining for their inhibition of cell proliferation, apoptosis induction, and their effect on the cell cycle and on microtubules. Two compounds, in particular 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxybenzyliden imidazopyrazole-7-carbohydrazide showed good growth inhibition, with IC50 values in the low-micromolar range, and induced apoptosis. Both compounds altered the cell-cycle phases with the appearance of polyploid cells. Immunofluorescence analysis evidenced microtubules alterations; tubulin polymerization assays and docking studies suggested the tubulin system to be the possible, although not exclusive, target of the new acylhydrazone series reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Rapetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, V.le Cembrano, 4, 16148, Genova, Italy
| | - Irena Maric
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, U.O. Cellular Oncology, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Marina Mapelli
- European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Unit, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Viale
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, U.O. Biotherapy, L.go. R. Benzi, 10, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV, 3, 16132, Genova, Italy
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6
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Brullo C, Massa M, Rapetti F, Alfei S, Bertolotto MB, Montecucco F, Signorello MG, Bruno O. New Hybrid Pyrazole and Imidazopyrazole Antinflammatory Agents Able to Reduce ROS Production in Different Biological Targets. Molecules 2020; 25:E899. [PMID: 32085423 PMCID: PMC7070443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several anti-inflammatory agents based on pyrazole and imidazopyrazole scaffolds and a large library of substituted catechol PDE4D inhibitors were reported by us in the recent past. To obtain new molecules potentially able to act on different targets involved in inflammation onset we designed and synthesized a series of hybrid compounds by linking pyrazole and imidazo-pyrazole scaffolds to differently decorated catechol moieties through an acylhydrazone chain. Some compounds showed antioxidant activity, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation in neutrophils, and a good inhibition of phosphodiesterases type 4D and, particularly, type 4B, the isoform most involved in inflammation. In addition, most compounds inhibited ROS production also in platelets, confirming their ability to exert an antiinflammatory response by two independent mechanism. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses evidenced that both heterocyclic scaffolds (pyrazole and imidazopyrazole) and the substituted catechol moiety were determinant for the pharmacodynamic properties, even if hybrid molecules bearing to the pyrazole series were more active than the imidazopyrazole ones. In addition, the pivotal role of the catechol substituents has been analyzed. In conclusion the hybridization approach gave a new serie of multitarget antiinflammatory compounds, characterized by a strong antioxidant activity in different biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.); (O.B.)
| | - Matteo Massa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.); (O.B.)
| | - Federica Rapetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.); (O.B.)
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical and Food Technologies, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy;
| | - Maria B. Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Largo R. Benzi 10, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genova-Italian Cardiovascular Network, Largo R. Benzi 10, I-16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.B.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Grazia Signorello
- Department of Pharmacy, Biochemistry Lab., University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.R.); (O.B.)
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7
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Hollow silica microspheres as robust immobilization carriers. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:102813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Meta E, Brullo C, Tonelli M, Franzblau SG, Wang Y, Ma R, Baojie W, Orena BS, Pasca MR, Bruno O. Pyrazole and imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole Derivatives as New Potential Antituberculosis Agents. Med Chem 2019; 15:17-27. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406414666180524084023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
We screened a large library of differently decorated imidazo-pyrazole and
pyrazole derivatives as possible new antitubercular agents and this preliminary screening showed
that many compounds are able to totally inhibit Mycobacterium growth (>90 %). Among the most
active compounds, we selected some new possible hits based on their similarities and, at the same
time, on their novelty with respect to the pipeline drugs.
</P><P>
Methods: In order to increase the potency and obtain more information about structure-activity relationship
(SAR), we designed and synthesized three new series of compounds (2a–e, 3a–e, and
4a–l).
Conclusion:
Performed tests confirmed that both new pyrazoles and imidazo-pyrazoles could represent
a new starting point to obtain more potent compounds and further work is now underway to
identify the protein targets of this new class of anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elda Meta
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 -16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 -16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 -16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Scott G. Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Wan Baojie
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | | | | | - Olga Bruno
- Department of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 3 -16132 Genoa, Italy
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9
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Tsai SE, Yen WP, Tseng CC, Xie JJ, Liou MY, Li YT, Uramaru N, Wong FF. Efficient acid catalytic synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidines from 1H-pyrazol-5-yl-N,N-dimethylformamidines with cyanamide. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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El-Moghazy SM, George RF, Osman EEA, Elbatrawy AA, Kissova M, Colombo A, Crespan E, Maga G. Novel pyrazolo[3,4- d ]pyrimidines as dual Src-Abl inhibitors active against mutant form of Abl and the leukemia K-562 cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Insight into the Structural Determinants of Imidazole Scaffold-Based Derivatives as TNF-α Release Inhibitors by in Silico Explorations. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20118-38. [PMID: 26307982 PMCID: PMC4613192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, 151 widely-diverse pyridinylimidazole-based compounds that show inhibitory activities at the TNF-α release were investigated. By using the distance comparison technique (DISCOtech), comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) methods, the pharmacophore models and the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) of the compounds were explored. The proposed pharmacophore model, including two hydrophobic sites, two aromatic centers, two H-bond donor atoms, two H-bond acceptor atoms, and two H-bond donor sites characterizes the necessary structural features of TNF-α release inhibitors. Both the resultant CoMFA and CoMSIA models exhibited satisfactory predictability (with Q2 (cross-validated correlation coefficient) = 0.557, R2ncv (non-cross-validated correlation coefficient) = 0.740, R2pre (predicted correlation coefficient) = 0.749 and Q2 = 0.598, R2ncv = 0.767, R2pre = 0.860, respectively). Good consistency was observed between the 3D-QSAR models and the pharmacophore model that the hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonds play crucial roles in the mechanism of actions. The corresponding contour maps generated by these models provide more diverse information about the key intermolecular interactions of inhibitors with the surrounding environment. All these models have extended the understanding of imidazole-based compounds in the structure-activity relationship, and are useful for rational design and screening of novel 2-thioimidazole-based TNF-α release inhibitors.
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12
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Vignaroli G, Mencarelli M, Sementa D, Crespan E, Kissova M, Maga G, Schenone S, Radi M, Botta M. Exploring the chemical space around the privileged pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold: toward novel allosteric inhibitors of T315I-mutated Abl. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2014; 16:168-75. [PMID: 24597676 DOI: 10.1021/co500004e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A library of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, endowed with a high level of molecular diversity, has been developed applying a synthetic sequence that allowed C3, N1, C4, and C6 substitution. The enzymatic screening of this "privileged scaffold"-based compound collection, validated the use of a diversity-oriented approach in a field characteristically explored by target-oriented synthesis. In fact, several compounds showed high activity against the selected kinases (i.e., Src, Abl wt, and T315I mutated-form), furthermore and interestingly a new compound has emerged as an allosteric inhibitor of the T315I mutated-form of Abl, opening up new opportunities for the development of a novel class of noncompetitive inhibitors of Abl (T315I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vignaroli
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Martina Mencarelli
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Deborah Sementa
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Miroslava Kissova
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, IGM-CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento
di Scienza Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle
Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro
Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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13
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Pandey VP, Jaiswal N, Srivastava AK, Shukla SK, Tripathi RP. Synthesis and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Highly Functionalized Pyridylmethyl-C-β-D-Glycosides. J Carbohydr Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2011.618280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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14
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Yaziji V, Rodríguez D, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Coelho A, Caamaño O, García-Mera X, Brea J, Loza MI, Cadavid MI, Sotelo E. Pyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective A3 adenosine receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2010; 54:457-71. [PMID: 21186795 DOI: 10.1021/jm100843z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two regioisomeric series of diaryl 2- or 4-amidopyrimidines have been synthesized and their adenosine receptor affinities were determined in radioligand binding assays at the four human adenosine receptors (hARs). Some of the ligands prepared herein exhibit remarkable affinities (K(i) < 10 nm) and, most noticeably, the absence of activity at the A(1), A(2A), and A(2B) receptors. The structural determinants that support the affinity and selectivity profiles of the series were highlighted through an integrated computational approach, combining a 3D-QSAR model built on the second generation of GRid INdependent Descriptors (GRIND2) with a novel homology model of the hA(3) receptor. The robustness of the computational model was subsequently evaluated by the design of new derivatives exploring the alkyl substituent of the exocyclic amide group. The synthesis and evaluation of the novel compounds validated the predictive power of the model, exhibiting excellent agreement between predicted and experimental activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Yaziji
- Combinatorial Chemistry Unit (COMBIOMED), Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain
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15
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Rossi A, Schenone S, Angelucci A, Cozzi M, Caracciolo V, Pentimalli F, Puca A, Pucci B, La Montagna R, Bologna M, Botta M, Giordano A. New pyrazolo-[3,4-d]-pyrimidine derivative Src kinase inhibitors lead to cell cycle arrest and tumor growth reduction of human medulloblastoma cells. FASEB J 2010; 24:2881-92. [PMID: 20354138 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-148593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, and despite improvements in the overall survival rate, it still lacks an effective treatment. Src plays an important role in cancer, and recently high Src activity was documented in medulloblastoma. In this report, we examined the effects of novel pyrazolo-[3,4-d]-pyrimidine derivative Src inhibitors in medulloblastoma. By MTS assay, we showed that the pyrimidine derivatives indicated as S7, S29, and SI163 greatly reduce the growth rate of medulloblastoma cells by inhibiting Src phosphorylation, compared with HT22 non-neoplastic nerve cells. These compounds also halt cells in the G(2)/M phase, and this effect likely occurs through the regulation of cdc2 and CDC25C phosphorylation, as shown by Western blot. Moreover, the exposure to pyrimidine derivatives induces apoptosis, assayed by the supravital propidium iodide assay, through modulation of the apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl2, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo in a mouse model. Notably, S7, S29, and SI163 show major inhibitory effects on medulloblastoma cell growth compared with the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin and etoposide. In conclusion, our results suggest that S7, S29, and SI163 could be novel attractive candidates for the treatment of medulloblastoma or tumors characterized by high Src activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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16
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Cichero E, Casolino C, Menozzi G, Mosti L, Fossa P. Exploring the QSAR of Pyrazolo[3,4-b]Pyridine, Pyrazolo[3,4-b]Pyridone and Pyrazolo[3,4-b]Pyrimidine Derivatives as Antagonists for A1Adenosine Receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200860048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Schenone S, Brullo C, Bruno O, Bondavalli F, Mosti L, Maga G, Crespan E, Carraro F, Manetti F, Tintori C, Botta M. Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of 4-amino substituted 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 43:2665-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 01/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Tuccinardi T, Schenone S, Bondavalli F, Brullo C, Bruno O, Mosti L, Zizzari AT, Tintori C, Manetti F, Ciampi O, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Martinelli A, Botta M. Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as Potent A1 Adenosine Antagonists: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Development of an A1 Bovine Receptor Model. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:898-913. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Martinelli A, Tuccinardi T. Molecular modeling of adenosine receptors: new results and trends. Med Res Rev 2008; 28:247-77. [PMID: 17492754 DOI: 10.1002/med.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous neuromodulator, which carries out its biological task by stimulating four cell surface receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)). Adenosine receptors (ARs) are members of the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Their discovery opened up new avenues for potential drug treatment of a variety of conditions such as asthma, neurodegenerative disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and many other physiopathological states that are believed to be associated with changes in adenosine levels. Knowledge of the 3D structure of ARs could be of great help in the task of understanding their function and in the rational design of specific ligands. However, since GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins, high-resolution structural characterization is still an extremely difficult task. For this reason, great importance has been placed on molecular modeling studies and, particularly in the last few years, on homology modeling (HM) techniques. The publication of the first high-resolution crystal structure for bovine rhodopsin (bRh), a GPCR superfamily member, provides the option of utilizing HM to generate 3D models based on detailed structural information. In this review we report, analyze, and compare the main experimental data, computational HM procedures and validation methods used for ARs, describing in detail the most successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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20
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Mosti L, Fossa P, Menozzi G, Trincavelli L, Floreani M. Quinolinedione nucleus as a novel scaffold for A1 and A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Med Chem Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-008-9100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Sakya SM, Abrams B, Snow SL, Rast B. Facile microwave assisted decarbonylation of 4-formyl group in 5-alkyl amino substituted pyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Spreafico A, Schenone S, Serchi T, Orlandini M, Angelucci A, Magrini D, Bernardini G, Collodel G, Di Stefano A, Tintori C, Bologna M, Manetti F, Botta M, Santucci A. Antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative Src kinase inhibitors in human osteosarcoma cells. FASEB J 2008; 22:1560-71. [PMID: 18171692 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9873com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primitive malignant tumor of the skeletal system, characterized by an extremely aggressive clinical course that still lacks an effective treatment. Src kinase seems to be involved in the osteosarcoma malignant phenotype. We show that the treatment of human osteosarcoma cell lines with a new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivative Src inhibitor, namely SI-83, impaired cell viability, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 12 microM in nonstarved cells and a kinetic different from that known for the Src inhibitor PP2. Analysis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling, Hoechst, and flow cytometric assay showed that SI-83 induced apoptosis in SaOS-2 cells. Moreover, SI-83, by inhibiting Src phosphorylation, decreased in vivo osteosarcoma tumor mass in a mouse model. Finally, SI-83 showed selectivity for osteosarcoma, since it had a far lower effect in primary human osteoblasts. These results show that human osteosarcoma had Src-dependent proliferation and that modulation of Src activity may be a therapeutic target of this new compound with low toxicity for nonneoplastic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Spreafico
- Università degli Studi di Siena, Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
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23
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González MP, Terán C, Teijeira M. Search for new antagonist ligands for adenosine receptors from QSAR point of view. How close are we? Med Res Rev 2008; 28:329-71. [PMID: 17668454 DOI: 10.1002/med.20108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In view of the large libraries of nucleoside analogues that are now being handled in organic synthesis, the identification of drug biological activity is advisable prior to synthesis and this can be achieved by employing predictive biological property methods. In this sense, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) or docking approaches have emerged as promising tools. Although a large number of in silico approaches have been described in the literature for the prediction of different biological activities, the use of QSAR applications to develop adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists is not common as for the case of the antibiotics and anticancer compounds for instance. The intention of this review is to summarize the present knowledge concerning computational predictions of new molecules as adenosine receptor antagonists.
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24
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Manetti F, Santucci A, Locatelli GA, Maga G, Spreafico A, Serchi T, Orlandini M, Bernardini G, Caradonna NP, Spallarossa A, Brullo C, Schenone S, Bruno O, Ranise A, Bondavalli F, Hoffmann O, Bologna M, Angelucci A, Botta M. Identification of a novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine able to inhibit cell proliferation of a human osteogenic sarcoma in vitro and in a xenograft model in mice. J Med Chem 2007; 50:5579-88. [PMID: 17929792 DOI: 10.1021/jm061449r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines were synthesized and found to inhibit Src phosphorylation in a cell-free assay. Some of them significantly reduced the growth of human osteogenic sarcoma (SaOS-2) cells. The best compound, in terms of inhibitory properties toward both Src and SaOS-2 cells, was further investigated and found to reduce bone resorption when used to treat mouse osteoclasts, without interfering with normal osteoblast growth. Moreover, its metabolic stability prompted its study on a human SaOS-2 xenograft tumor model in nude mice, where the compound reduced significantly both the volume and weight of the tumor. These experimental findings make the new compound an interesting hit in the field of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
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25
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Bruno O, Brullo C, Bondavalli F, Ranise A, Schenone S, Falzarano MS, Varani K, Spisani S. 2-Phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole derivatives: New potent inhibitors of fMLP-induced neutrophil chemotaxis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3696-701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Drabczyńska A, Müller CE, Karolak-Wojciechowska J, Schumacher B, Schiedel A, Yuzlenko O, Kieć-Kononowicz K. N9-benzyl-substituted 1,3-dimethyl- and 1,3-dipropyl-pyrimido[2,1-f]purinediones: synthesis and structure-activity relationships at adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5003-17. [PMID: 17499511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and physicochemical properties of N-benzyl pyrimido[2,1-f]purinediones are described. These derivatives were synthesized by the cyclization of 7-chloropropylo-8-bromo-1,3-dimethyl- or 1,3-dipropyl xanthine derivatives with corresponding (un)substituted benzylamines. Dipropyl derivatives were obtained under microwave irradiation conditions either. The obtained compounds (1-20) were evaluated for their affinity to adenosine A1 and A2A receptors, selected compounds were additionally investigated for affinity to the A3 receptor subtype. The results of the radioligand binding assays to A1 and A2A adenosine receptors showed that most of the 1,3-dimethyl-9-benzylpyrimidopurinediones exhibited selective affinity to A2A receptors at micromolar or submicromolar concentrations (for example, derivative 9 with o-methoxy substituent displayed a Ki value of 0.699 microM at rat A2A receptor with more than 36-fold selectivity). Contrary to previously described arylpyrimido[2,1-f]purinediones dipropyl derivatives (compounds 15-20) showed affinity to both kinds of receptors increased, however A1 affinity increased to a larger extent, with the result that A2A selectivity was abolished. The best adenosine A1 receptor ligand was m-chlorobenzyl derivative 18 (Ki=0.089 microM and 5-fold A1 selectivity). Structure-activity relationships were discussed with the analysis of lipophilic and spatial properties of the investigated compounds. Pharmacophore model of adenosine A1 receptor antagonist was adopted for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drabczyńska
- Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, Pl 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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27
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Kiesman WF, Zhao J, Conlon PR, Dowling JE, Petter RC, Lutterodt F, Jin X, Smits G, Fure M, Jayaraj A, Kim J, Sullivan G, Linden J. Potent and orally bioavailable 8-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines as adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7119-31. [PMID: 17125264 DOI: 10.1021/jm0605381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the search for a selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with greater aqueous solubility than the compounds currently in clinical trials as diuretics, a series of 1,4-substituted 8-cyclohexyl and 8-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines were investigated. The binding affinities of a variety of cyclohexyl and bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines for the rat and human adenosine A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors are presented. Bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthine 16 exhibited good pharmaceutical properties and in vivo activity in a rat diuresis model (ED50=0.3 mg/kg po). Optimization of the bridgehead substituent led to propionic acid 29 (BG9928), which retained high potency (hA1, Ki=7 nM) and selectivity for the adenosine A1 receptor (915-fold versus adenosine A2A receptor; 12-fold versus adenosine A2B receptor) with improved oral efficacy in the rat diuresis model (ED50=0.01 mg/kg) as well as high oral bioavailability in rat, dog, and cynomolgus monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Kiesman
- Department of Chemistry, Biogen Idec, Inc., 14 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
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28
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Invited Lectures : Overviews Purinergic signalling: past, present and future. Purinergic Signal 2006; 2:1-324. [PMID: 18404494 PMCID: PMC2096525 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-006-9006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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29
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Carraro F, Naldini A, Pucci A, Locatelli GA, Maga G, Schenone S, Bruno O, Ranise A, Bondavalli F, Brullo C, Fossa P, Menozzi G, Mosti L, Modugno M, Tintori C, Manetti F, Botta M. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines as Potent Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Agents toward A431 and 8701-BC Cells in Culture via Inhibition of c-Src Phosphorylation. J Med Chem 2006; 49:1549-61. [PMID: 16509573 DOI: 10.1021/jm050603r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives along with their biological properties as inhibitors of isolated Src and cell line proliferation (A431 and 8701-BC cells). Such compounds block the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the phosphorylation of Src, and they act as proapoptotic agents through the inhibition of the anti apoptotic gene BCL2. Several of them were found to be more active than the reference compound (1-(tert-butyl)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, PP2) in inhibiting cell proliferation and in inducing apoptosis, and as active as PP2 in the inhibition of the phosphorylation of isolated Src. Moreover, molecular modeling simulations have been performed to hypothesize the way, at the molecular level, by which the inhibitors were able to act as antiproliferative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Carraro
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia, Sezione di Neuroimmunofisiologia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100, Siena, Italy
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30
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Bulicz J, Bertarelli DCG, Baumert D, Fülle F, Müller CE, Heber D. Synthesis and pharmacology of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones bearing polar substituents as adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:2837-49. [PMID: 16377196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 11/28/2005] [Accepted: 12/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinediones have previously been found to bind to adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in micromolar concentrations. The present study was aimed at studying the structure-activity relationships of this class of compounds in more detail. Most of the investigated compounds were provided with polar substituents, such as ethoxycarbonyl groups and basic amino functions, in order to improve their water-solubility. The compounds were synthesized starting from 6-amino-1,3-dimethyluracil via different reaction sequences involving (cyano)acetylation, Vilsmeier formylation, or reaction with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (EMME). The most potent and selective compound of the present series was 6-carbethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-5-(2-naphthylmethyl)aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione (11c) with a Ki value of 5 nM at rat and 25 nM at human A1 receptors. The compound was more than 60-fold selective versus A3 and more than 300-fold selective versus A2A receptors. It showed an over 300-fold improvement with respect to the lead compound. In GTPgammaS binding studies at membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells recombinantly expressing the human adenosine A1 receptor, 11c behaved as an antagonist with inverse agonistic activity. A regioisomer of 11c, 6-carbethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-7-(2- naphthylmethyl)aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione (7a) in which the 2-naphthylmethylamino substituent at position 5 of 11c was moved to the 7-position, was a relatively potent (Ki=226 nM) and selective (>20-fold) A3 ligand. In the series of compounds lacking an electron-withdrawing ethoxycarbonyl or cyano substituent in the 6-position, compounds with high affinity for adenosine A2A receptors were identified, such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-5-(1-naphthyl)aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione 16b (Ki human A2A=81.3 nM, Ki human A1=153 nM, and Ki human A3>10,000 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Bulicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Gutenbergstrasse 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
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31
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D'hooghe M, Van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M, De Kimpe N. Regio- and stereospecific ring opening of 1,1-dialkyl-2-(aryloxymethyl)aziridinium salts by bromide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:1554-6. [PMID: 16575458 DOI: 10.1039/b518298k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure 2-(aryloxymethyl)aziridines are efficiently transformed into chiral N-(2-bromo-3-aryloxypropyl)amines via a regio- and stereospecific ring opening of the intermediate aziridinium salts, and the experimental results are rationalized on the basis of some high level ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias D'hooghe
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.
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32
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Fossa P, Mosti L, Bondavalli F, Schenone S, Ranise A, Casolino C, Forina M. Affinity prediction on A1 adenosine receptor agonists: the chemometric approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1348-63. [PMID: 16263293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 09/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we are presenting a quantitative-structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study performed on 21 selective A(1) adenosine receptor agonists plus the endogenous substrate, adenosine, so as to identify those predictors which play a key role in describing the binding of the ligand with the A(1) receptor. A large number of molecular descriptors plus a calculated receptor-agonist binding energy and atomic charges were taken into account to derive different QSAR models, using different regression techniques. The results obtained both with linear and nonlinear approaches converge to the selection of the same informative parameters, highlighting the correlation of these descriptors with the biological Response. The evaluation 'a priori' of these predictors could therefore represent a useful tool in the screening of large libraries of compounds and in the rational design of new selective agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
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33
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Manetti F, Schenone S, Bondavalli F, Brullo C, Bruno O, Ranise A, Mosti L, Menozzi G, Fossa P, Trincavelli ML, Martini C, Martinelli A, Tintori C, Botta M. Synthesis and 3D QSAR of New Pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines: Potent and Selective Inhibitors of A1 Adenosine Receptors. J Med Chem 2005; 48:7172-85. [PMID: 16279775 DOI: 10.1021/jm050407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A number of 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines 5-carboxylic acid esters (2-8) were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinity at the A1, A2A, and A3 adenosine receptors (AR), in bovine cortical membranes, as well as for their affinity toward human A1AR (hA1AR). Some of the new compounds were characterized by a high affinity and selectivity toward the A1 receptor subtype, showing a significant improvement in comparison with other pyrazolo-pyridines previously reported in the literature. In particular the methyl ester 2h as well as the isopropyl ester 5h, both of them bearing a p-methoxyphenylethylamino side chain at the position 4, presented Ki values of 6 and 7 nM, respectively. To rationalize the relationships between structure and affinity of the novel compounds, a 3D QSAR model was also generated starting from compounds belonging to different classes of known A1AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Manetti
- Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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34
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Fossa P, Pestarino M, Menozzi G, Mosti L, Schenone S, Ranise A, Bondavalli F, Trincavelli ML, Lucacchini A, Martini C. New pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridones as selective A(1) adenosine receptor antagonists: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modelling studies. Org Biomol Chem 2005; 3:2262-70. [PMID: 16010360 DOI: 10.1039/b502831k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ethyl 4-amino-1-(2-chloro-2-phenylethyl)-6-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylates () has been synthesized as potential A(1) adenosine receptor (A(1) AR) ligands. Binding affinities of the new compounds were determined for adenosine A(1), A(2A) and A(3) receptors. Compounds and showed good affinity (K(i)= 299 nM and 517 nM, respectively) and selectivity towards A(1) AR, whereas showed good affinity for A(2A) AR (K(i)= 290 nM), higher than towards A(1) AR (K(i)= 1000 nM). The only arylamino derivative of the series displayed high affinity (K(i)= 4.6 nM) and selectivity for A(3) AR. Molecular modelling and 3D-QSAR (CoMFA) studies carried out on the most active compounds gave further support to the pharmacological results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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35
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Schenone S, Bruno O, Bondavalli F, Ranise A, Mosti L, Menozzi G, Fossa P, Donnini S, Santoro A, Ziche M, Manetti F, Botta M. Antiproliferative activity of new 1-aryl-4-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives toward the human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cell line. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 39:939-46. [PMID: 15501543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new class of 1-aryl-4-amino-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives are reported. A preliminary cellular assay system using the tumor cell line A431 responding to epidermal growth factor (EGF) for its growth, shows that the new compounds are potent inhibitors of cell growth. The inhibition of tumor cell proliferation is not associated with blockage of EGF receptor (EGFR), but substantially due to the interference with the signalling pathway at the level of Src tyrosine kinase and at the level of the downstream effector signal mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK1-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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36
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Chang LCW, Spanjersberg RF, von Frijtag Drabbe Künzel JK, Mulder-Krieger T, van den Hout G, Beukers MW, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines as a new class of selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2005; 47:6529-40. [PMID: 15588088 DOI: 10.1021/jm049448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptor antagonists usually possess a bi- or tricyclic heteroaromatic structure at their core with varying substitution patterns to achieve selectivity and/or greater affinity. Taking into account molecular modeling results from a series of potent adenosine A1 receptor antagonists, a pharmacophore was derived from which we show that a monocyclic core can be equally effective. To achieve a compound that may act at the CNS we propose imposing a restriction related to its polar surface area (PSA). In consequence, we have synthesized two novel series of pyrimidines, possessing good potency at the adenosine A1 receptor and desirable PSA values. In particular, compound 30 (LUF 5735) displays excellent A1 affinity (Ki = 4 nM) and selectivity (< or =50% displacement of 1 muM concentrations of the radioligand at the other three adenosine receptors) and has a PSA value of 53 A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C W Chang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Schenone S, Bruno O, Ranise A, Bondavalli F, Brullo C, Fossa P, Mosti L, Menozzi G, Carraro F, Naldini A, Bernini C, Manetti F, Botta M. New pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines endowed with A431 antiproliferative activity and inhibitory properties of Src phosphorylation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2511-7. [PMID: 15109642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Revised: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New 4-aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines bearing various substituents at the position 1 and 6, were synthesized. The new compounds showed antiproliferative activity toward A431 cells, were found to be inhibitors of Src phosphorylation, and induced apoptotic cell death. In particular, 2h was a better inhibitor of Src phosphorylation than the reference compound PP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, I-16132 Genoa, Italy.
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38
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Chang LCW, Brussee J, Ijzerman AP. Non-Xanthine Antagonists for the Adenosine A1 Receptor. Chem Biodivers 2004; 1:1591-626. [PMID: 17191804 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200490122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C W Chang
- Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Medicinal Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, NL-2300 RA Leiden
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39
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Liu CH, Wang B, Li WZ, Yun LH, Liu Y, Su RB, Li J, Liu H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4-alkylamino-1-hydroxymethylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines as adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:4701-7. [PMID: 15358296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2004] [Revised: 06/20/2004] [Accepted: 06/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-alkylamino-1-hydroxymethylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxalines have been synthesized and evaluated for their adenosine A(1) receptor inhibitory activity in the radioligand binding assays. The compounds were tested for the inhibition percent (IP) and the affinity toward A(1)AR (K(i)) that IP were more than 90% in the nanomolar range. 4-Cyclopentylamino-7,8-dichloro-1-hydroxymethylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoxaline 18 is the most potent compound in this series, having K(i)=7nM, which is remarkably higher than that of IRFI-165 (K(i)=48). 1-Hydroxymethyl groups of the tricyclic heteroarmatic compounds displayed the potent affinities toward A(1)AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-He Liu
- No. 7 Department, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Academy, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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40
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Schenone S, Bruno O, Bondavalli F, Ranise A, Mosti L, Menozzi G, Fossa P, Manetti F, Morbidelli L, Trincavelli L, Martini C, Lucacchini A. Synthesis of 1-(2-chloro-2-phenylethyl)-6-methylthio-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 4-amino substituted and their biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2004; 39:153-60. [PMID: 14987824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2003.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2003] [Revised: 11/19/2003] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 4-amino-6-methylthio-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (2a-m) bearing the 2-chloro-2-phenylethyl chain at the N1 position, has been synthesized. The affinity of these compounds for A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) was measured. The compounds showed poor affinity. A more interesting result was obtained by 2a, 2d, 2g, which demonstrated inhibitory activity on cell proliferation of the A-431 cell line stimulated by epithelial growth factor (EGF) and on EGF receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Genova, viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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