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Helal MA, Habib ES, Chittiboyina AG. Selective kappa opioid antagonists for treatment of addiction, are we there yet? Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:632-647. [PMID: 29107424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Kappa opioid receptor (KOP) is a G-protein coupled receptor mainly expressed in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus. It is implicated in nociception, diuresis, emotion, cognition, and immune system functions. KOP agonists possess a strong analgesic effect accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria. On the other hand, antagonists of this receptor were found to block depression, anxiety, and drug-seeking behaviors in animal models. Recently, great interest has been given to the development of selective KOP antagonists as an addiction treatment that does not cause dependence itself or show high relapse rates like the currently used agents. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the KOP antagonists developed for this purpose together with their in vivo studies and clinical trials. In addition, a future perspective and recommendations for the work needed to develop clinically relevant KOP antagonists are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12588, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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2
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Sirohi S, Aldrich JV, Walker BM. Species differences in the effects of the κ-opioid receptor antagonist zyklophin. Alcohol 2016; 51:43-9. [PMID: 26992699 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that dysregulation of the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor (DYN/KOR) system contributes to escalated alcohol self-administration in alcohol dependence and that KOR antagonists with extended durations of action selectively reduce escalated alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent animals. As KOR antagonism has gained widespread attention as a potential therapeutic target to treat alcoholism and multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, we tested the effect of zyklophin (a short-acting KOR antagonist) on escalated alcohol self-administration in rats made alcohol-dependent using intermittent alcohol vapor exposure. Following dependence induction, zyklophin was infused centrally prior to alcohol self-administration sessions and locomotor activity tests during acute withdrawal. Zyklophin did not impact alcohol self-administration or locomotor activity in either exposure condition. To investigate the neurobiological basis of this atypical effect for a KOR antagonist, we utilized a κ-, μ-, and δ-opioid receptor agonist-stimulated GTPyS coupling assay to examine the opioid receptor specificity of zyklophin in the rat brain and mouse brain. In rats, zyklophin did not affect U50488-, DAMGO-, or DADLE-stimulated GTPyS coupling, whereas the prototypical KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (norBNI) attenuated U50488-induced stimulation in the rat brain tissue at concentrations that did not impact μ- and δ-receptor function. To reconcile the discrepancy between the present rat data and published mouse data, comparable GTPyS assays were conducted using mouse brain tissue; zyklophin effects were consistent with KOR antagonism in mice. Moreover, at higher concentrations, zyklophin exhibited agonist properties in rat and mouse brains. These results identify species differences in zyklophin efficacy that, given the rising interest in the development of short-duration KOR antagonists, should provide valuable information for therapeutic development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Alcoholism and Addictions Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jane V Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brendan M Walker
- Laboratory of Alcoholism and Addictions Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; Translational Addiction Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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Abstract
κ opioid receptors (KORs) belong to the G-protein-coupled class of receptors (GPCRs). They are activated by the endogenous opioid peptide dynorphin (DYN) and expressed at particularly high levels within brain areas implicated in modulation of motivation, emotion, and cognitive function. Chronic activation of KORs in animal models has maladaptive effects including increases in behaviors that reflect depression, the propensity to engage in drug-seeking behavior, and drug craving. The fact that KOR activation has such a profound influence on behaviors often triggered by stress has led to interest in selective KOR antagonists as potential therapeutic agents. This Perspective provides a description of preclinical research conducted in the development of several different classes of selective KOR antagonists, a summary of the clinical studies conducted thus far, and recommendations for the type of work needed in the future to determine if these agents would be useful as pharmacotherapies for neuropsychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ivy Carroll
- Center for Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute , P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA.
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4
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Dietis N, Guerrini R, Calo G, Salvadori S, Rowbotham D, Lambert D. Simultaneous targeting of multiple opioid receptors: a strategy to improve side-effect profile. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:38-49. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aep129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yang YY, Shou WG, Hong D, Wang YG. Selective Synthesis of 4-Alkylidene-β-lactams and N,N′-Diarylamidines from Azides and Aryloxyacetyl Chlorides via a Ketenimine-Participating One-Pot Cascade Process. J Org Chem 2008; 73:3574-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702733h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wang-Ge Shou
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Deng Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan-Guang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Li W, Tang Y, Zheng YL, Qiu ZB. Molecular modeling and 3D-QSAR studies of indolomorphinan derivatives as kappa opioid antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:601-10. [PMID: 16202615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Revised: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular modeling and 3D-QSAR studies were performed on 31 indolomorphinan derivatives to evaluate their antagonistic behaviors on kappa opioid receptor and provide information for further modification of this kind of compounds. Best predictions were obtained with CoMFA standard model (q2 = 0.693, N = 4, r2 = 0.900) and CoMSIA combined model (q2 = 0.617, N = 4, r2 = 0.904). Both models were further validated by an external test set of eight compounds with satisfactory predictions: r2 = 0.607 for CoMFA and r2 = 0.701 for CoMSIA. In addition, the 3D structure of human kappa opioid receptor was constructed based on the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin, and the CoMSIA contour plots were then mapped into the structural model of kappa opioid receptor-GNTI complex to identify key residues, which might account for kappa antagonist potency and selectivity. The roles of nonconserved Glu297 and conserved Lys227 of human kappa opioid receptor were then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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van Tilburg EW, Windhorst AD, van der Mey M, Herscheid JDM. One-pot synthesis of [11C]ureas via triphenylphosphinimines. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Metcalf MD, Coop A. Kappa opioid antagonists: past successes and future prospects. AAPS JOURNAL 2005. [PMID: 16353947 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070371].] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor were initially investigated as pharmacological tools that would reverse the effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the years following the discovery of the first selective kappa opioid antagonists, much information about their chemistry and pharmacology has been elicited and their potential therapeutic uses have been investigated. The review presents the current chemistry, ligand-based structure activity relationships, and pharmacology of the known nonpeptidic selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. This manuscript endeavors to provide the reader with a useful reference of the investigations made to define the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists and their potential uses as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Metcalf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Metcalf MD, Coop A. Kappa opioid antagonists: past successes and future prospects. AAPS J 2005. [PMID: 16353947 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070371]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor were initially investigated as pharmacological tools that would reverse the effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the years following the discovery of the first selective kappa opioid antagonists, much information about their chemistry and pharmacology has been elicited and their potential therapeutic uses have been investigated. The review presents the current chemistry, ligand-based structure activity relationships, and pharmacology of the known nonpeptidic selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. This manuscript endeavors to provide the reader with a useful reference of the investigations made to define the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists and their potential uses as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Metcalf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Metcalf MD, Coop A. Kappa opioid antagonists: past successes and future prospects. AAPS JOURNAL 2005; 7:E704-22. [PMID: 16353947 PMCID: PMC2751273 DOI: 10.1208/aapsj070371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antagonists of the kappa opioid receptor were initially investigated as pharmacological tools that would reverse the effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists. In the years following the discovery of the first selective kappa opioid antagonists, much information about their chemistry and pharmacology has been elicited and their potential therapeutic uses have been investigated. The review presents the current chemistry, ligand-based structure activity relationships, and pharmacology of the known nonpeptidic selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists. This manuscript endeavors to provide the reader with a useful reference of the investigations made to define the structure-activity relationships and pharmacology of selective kappa opioid receptor antagonists and their potential uses as pharmacological tools and as therapeutic agents in the treatment of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, 21201 Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Coop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 Penn Street, 21201 Baltimore, MD
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Carroll I, Thomas JB, Dykstra LA, Granger AL, Allen RM, Howard JL, Pollard GT, Aceto MD, Harris LS. Pharmacological properties of JDTic: a novel kappa-opioid receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 501:111-9. [PMID: 15464069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Revised: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 08/05/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Biological studies were conducted on (3R)-7-Hydroxy-N-[(1S)-1-[[(3R,4R)-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyl-1-piperidinyl]methyl]-2-methylpropyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinoline-carboxamide (JDTic), the first potent kappa-selective opioid receptor antagonist not derived from an opiate class of compounds. In the mouse tail-flick test, JDTic, administered subcutaneously (s.c.), blocked anticociceptive activity for up to 2 weeks. When JDTic was administered either s.c. or p.o. 24 h before the selective KOP (kappa)-opioid receptor agonist, enadoline, AD(50s) of 4.1 and 27.3, respectively, were obtained. A time-course study of JDTic versus enadoline indicated significant antagonist p.o. activity up to 28 days. In contrast, JDTic, s.c., failed to antagonize the analgesic effects of the selective MOP mu-opioid receptor agonist, sufentanil. In the squirrel monkey shock titration antinociception test, JDTic given intramuscularly (i.m.) shifted the trans-3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-[1-pyrrolidinyl] cyclohexyl) benzeneacetamide (U50,488) dose-effect curve to the right. In the U50,488-induced diuresis rat test, JDTic, s.c., suppressed diuretic activity with a greater potency than that of nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI). Thus, JDTic is a potent long- and orally acting selective kappa-opioid antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Carroll
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
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Abstract
This review covers beta-phenylethylamines and isoquinoline alkaloids derived from them, including further products of oxidation. condensation with formaldehyde and rearrangement, some of which do not contain an isoquinoline system, together with naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, which have a different biogenetic origin. The occurrence of the alkaloids, with the structures of new bases, together with their reactions, syntheses and biological activities are reported. The literature from July 2002 to June 2003 is reviewed, with 568 references cited.
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Abstract
Opioid analgesics provide outstanding benefits for relief of severe pain. The mechanisms of the analgesia accompanied with some side effects have been investigated by many scientists to shed light on the complex biological processes at the molecular level. New opioid drugs and therapies with more desirable properties can be developed on the bases of accurate insight of the opioid ligand-receptor interaction and clear knowledge of the pharmacological behavior of opioid receptors and the associated proteins. Toward this goal, recent advances in selective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists including opioid ligand-receptor interactions are summarized in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Eguchi
- Pacific Northwest Research Institute, 720 Broadway, Seattle, Washington 98122, USA.
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