1
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Alcázar JJ. Thiophene Stability in Photodynamic Therapy: A Mathematical Model Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2528. [PMID: 38473777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-containing photosensitizers are gaining recognition for their role in photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the inherent reactivity of the thiophene moiety toward singlet oxygen threatens the stability and efficiency of these photosensitizers. This study presents a novel mathematical model capable of predicting the reactivity of thiophene toward singlet oxygen in PDT, using Conceptual Density Functional Theory (CDFT) and genetic programming. The research combines advanced computational methods, including various DFT techniques and symbolic regression, and is validated with experimental data. The findings underscore the capacity of the model to classify photosensitizers based on their photodynamic efficiency and safety, particularly noting that photosensitizers with a constant rate 1000 times lower than that of unmodified thiophene retain their photodynamic performance without substantial singlet oxygen quenching. Additionally, the research offers insights into the impact of electronic effects on thiophene reactivity. Finally, this study significantly advances thiophene-based photosensitizer design, paving the way for therapeutic agents that achieve a desirable balance between efficiency and safety in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson J Alcázar
- Centro de Química Médica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7780272, Chile
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2
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Pukhovskaya SG, Ivanova YB, Kruk NN, Plotnikova AO, Vashurin AS, Syrbu SA. Coordination and Spectral Properties of Oxa-Substituted Tetraphenylporphyrin Derivatives. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602362203010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Sun Y, Geng X, Wang Y, Su X, Han R, Wang J, Li X, Wang P, Zhang K, Wang X. Highly Efficient Water-Soluble Photosensitizer Based on Chlorin: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:802-812. [PMID: 33860203 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The clinical applications of many photosensitizers (PSs) are limited because of their poor water solubility, weak tissue penetration, low chemical purity, and severe toxicity in the absence of light. We designed a novel chlorin-based PS (designated as HPS) to achieve fluorescence image-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) with efficient ROS generation. In addition to its simple fabrication process, HPS has other advantages such as excellent water solubility, strong NIR absorption, and high biocompatibility upon chemical functionalization for enhanced phototherapy. HPS exhibited high photodynamic performance against lung cancer and breast cancer cells by generating a large amount of singlet oxygen (1O2) under 654 nm laser irradiation. HPS accumulated into multiple organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum and triggered cell apoptosis by laser exposure. In the tumor-bearing mice, in vivo, HPS showed an optimal half-life in circulation and achieved fluorescence-image-guided PDT within the irradiation window, resulting in effective tumor growth inhibition and the prolonged survival of animals. Moreover, the antitumor PDT effect of HPS was close to the clinical trial phase II stage of HPPH even at the low dosage of 0.32 mg/kg (under 75 J/cm2 laser), while the systemic safety of HPS was much higher. In conclusion, HPS is a novel water-soluble chlorin derivative with excellent PDT potential for clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorui Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yihui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- Shannxi Blood Center, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, The People's Republic of China
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Kubheka G, Babu B, Prinsloo E, Kobayashi N, Mack J, Nyokong T. Photodynamic activity of 2,6-dibrominated dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and disubstituted 2,6-dibromo-dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes were successfully prepared, and their in vitro photodynamic activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells were evaluated with a Thorlabs M660L4 660 nm LED (336 J · cm[Formula: see text]. The IC[Formula: see text] value of the monophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY was ca. 2.1 [Formula: see text]M, while that of the diphenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY was > 50 [Formula: see text]M. Both dyes exhibited minimal dark toxicity. The results demonstrate that monosubstituted 2,6-dibromo-dimethylaminophenylbuta-1,3-dienylBODIPY dyes merit further in-depth study for use as photosensitizer dyes in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugu Kubheka
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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5
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Lin Y, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Chemical approaches for the enhancement of porphyrin skeleton-based photodynamic therapy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1080-1099. [PMID: 32329382 PMCID: PMC7241559 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of photodynamic therapy (PDT), remarkable studies have been conducted to generate photosensitisers (PSs), especially porphyrin PSs. A variety of chemical modifications of the porphyrin skeleton have been introduced to improve cellular delivery, stability, and selectivity for cancerous tissues. This review aims to highlight the developments in porphyrin-based structural modifications, with a specific emphasis on the role of PDT in anticancer treatment and the design of PSs to achieve a synergistic effect on multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Syrbu SA, Pukhovskaya SG, Ivanova YB, Vashurin AS. Spectrophotometric Study of Acid-Base Properties of Sulfonated Derivatives of 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21-thiaand 5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21-oxoporphyrins in the Ethanol–Sulfuric Acid System. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Babu B, Amuhaya E, Oluwole D, Prinsloo E, Mack J, Nyokong T. Preparation of NIR absorbing axial substituted tin(iv) porphyrins and their photocytotoxic properties. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:41-48. [PMID: 30774853 PMCID: PMC6349065 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00373d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sn(iv) porphyrins ([Sn(iv)TTP(3PyO)2] (5) and [Sn(iv)TPP(3PyO)2] (6) [tetrathienylporphyrin (TTP), tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP), and pyridyloxy (PyO)]) were prepared and characterized and their photocytotoxicity upon irradiation with 625 nm light has been studied. The presence of the 3PyO axial ligands was found to limit the aggregation and enhance the solubility of 5 and 6 in DMF/H2O (1 : 1). The photophysical properties and photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of the meso-2-thienyl and meso-phenyl-substituted Sn(iv) porphyrins are compared. 5 and 6 were found to be photocytotoxic in MCF-7 cancer cells when irradiated with a Thorlabs M625L3 LED at 625 nm but remained nontoxic in the dark. The PDT activity of Sn(iv) meso-tetra-2-thienylporphyrin 5 was found to be significantly enhanced relative to its analogous tetraphenylporphyrin 6. There is a marked red-shift of the Q00 band of 5 into the therapeutic window due to the meso-2-thienyl rings, and 5 has an unusually high singlet oxygen quantum yield value of 0.83 in DMF. The results demonstrate that readily synthesized axially ligated Sn(iv) meso-arylporphyrins are potentially suitable for use as singlet oxygen photosensitizers in biomedical applications and merit further in depth investigation in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Babu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Edith Amuhaya
- School of Pharmacy and Healthy Sciences , United States International University - Africa , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - David Oluwole
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa
| | - John Mack
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Centre for Nanotechnology Innovation , Department of Chemistry , Rhodes University , Makhanda 6140 , South Africa .
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8
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Paul AK, Jayaram DT, Babu PSS, Adarsh N, Thurakkal S, Nair AS, Ramaiah D. Synthesis and in vitro photobiological studies of porphyrin capped gold nanoparticles
$$^{\S }$$
§. J CHEM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-018-1539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Sun Z, Wang Y, Fang DC, Zhao Y. The effects of bromine atoms on the photophysical and photochemical properties of 3-cinnamoylcoumarin derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coumarin derivatives modified using bromine atoms linked onto the right benzene ring (mainly in the HOMO) could enhance singlet oxygen generation capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Sun
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yu Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
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10
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Luciano M, Brückner C. Modifications of Porphyrins and Hydroporphyrins for Their Solubilization in Aqueous Media. Molecules 2017; 22:E980. [PMID: 28608838 PMCID: PMC6152633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing popularity of porphyrins and hydroporphyrins for use in a variety of biomedical (photodynamic therapy, fluorescence tagging and imaging, photoacoustic imaging) and technical (chemosensing, catalysis, light harvesting) applications is also associated with the growing number of methodologies that enable their solubilization in aqueous media. Natively, the vast majority of synthetic porphyrinic compounds are not water-soluble. Moreover, any water-solubility imposes several restrictions on the synthetic chemist on when to install solubilizing groups in the synthetic sequence, and how to isolate and purify these compounds. This review summarizes the chemical modifications to render synthetic porphyrins water-soluble, with a focus on the work disclosed since 2000. Where available, practical data such as solubility, indicators for the degree of aggregation, and special notes for the practitioner are listed. We hope that this review will guide synthetic chemists through the many strategies known to make porphyrins and hydroporphyrins water soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Luciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
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11
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Duan X, Yin Z, Jiang C, Jin Q, Zhang D, Sun Z, Ye W, Zhang J. Radioiodinated hypericin disulfonic acid sodium salts as a DNA-binding probe for early imaging of necrotic myocardium. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:151-159. [PMID: 28414189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Necrotic myocardium imaging can provide great indicators of salvaged myocardial areas for clinical guidances to patients with myocardial infarction (MI). One of the key challenges in necrotic myocardium imaging however, is lack of ideal necrotic imaging tracers for exactly and timely depicting the necrotic myocardium. 131I-hypericin (131I-Hyp) is a promising tracer in exact necrotic myocardium delineation. However, it can't clearly image necrotic myocardium until 9h post injection (p.i.) for the high background signals in blood and lung due to the strong lipophilicity. Herein, an optimized 131I-hypericin-2,5-disulfonic acid sodium salts (131I-Shyp) probe was synthesized for better pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties to necrosis imaging. And the related mechanisms of necrotic avidity ability of 131I-Hyp and 131I-Shyp were also explored. In the results, 131I-Shyp still showed selectively high accumulation in both necrotic cells and tissues. Biodistribution data revealed the decreased uptake of 131I-Shyp in normal organs (lung, spleen and heart) and blood (as shown in pharmacokinetics studies). 131I-Shyp presented quicker and clearer imaging for necrotic myocardium at 4h p.i. compared with 131I-Hyp, suggesting that improved hydrophilicity of 131I-Shyp may be conducive to its better pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties to imaging. Additionally, DNA competitive binding assays and blocking experiments indicated that E-DNA is the possible target of Shyp and Hyp for their necrosis avidity. 131I-Shyp may serve as a potential E-DNA targeted probe for necrotic myocardium imaging with molecular specificity for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Duan
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qiaomei Jin
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongjian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ziping Sun
- Radiation Medical Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Wencai Ye
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratories of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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12
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Horne TK, Cronjé MJ. Mechanistics and photo-energetics of macrocycles and photodynamic therapy: An overview of aspects to consider for research. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:221-242. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamarisk K. Horne
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
| | - Marianne J. Cronjé
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Johannesburg; Auckland Park South Africa
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Liao PY, Gao YH, Wang XR, Bao LL, Bian J, Hu TS, Zheng MZ, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Tetraphenylporphyrin derivatives possessing piperidine group as potential agents for photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 165:213-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Liao PY, Wang XR, Gao YH, Zhang XH, Zhang LJ, Song CH, Zhang DP, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Synthesis, photophysical properties and biological evaluation of β-alkylaminoporphyrin for photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:6040-6047. [PMID: 27713013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of β-alkylaminoporphyrins conjugated with different amines at β position (D1-D3) or with electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents at phenyl position (D4-D6) were synthesized. Their photophysical and photochemical properties, intracellular localization, photocytotoxicities in vitro and vivo were also investigated. All target compounds exhibited no cytotoxicities in the dark and excellent photocytotoxicities against HeLa cells. Among them, D6 showed the highest phototoxicity and the lowest dark toxicity, which was more phototoxic than Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). In addition, D6 exhibited best photodynamic antitumor efficacy on BALB/c nude mice bearing HeLa tumor. Therefore, D6 is a powerful and promising antitumor photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xin-Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying-Hua Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiang-Hua Zhang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dan-Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Ningbo Dongmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Ningbo 315899, China
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Chemistry and Biology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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16
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Photophysical Characterization and in Vitro Phototoxicity Evaluation of 5,10,15,20-Tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin as a Potential Sensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2016; 21:439. [PMID: 27043519 PMCID: PMC6273532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a selective and minimally invasive therapeutic approach, involving the combination of a light-sensitive compound, called a photosensitizer (PS), visible light and molecular oxygen. The interaction of these per se harmless agents results in the production of reactive species. This triggers a series of cellular events that culminate in the selective destruction of cancer cells, inside which the photosensitizer preferentially accumulates. The search for ideal PDT photosensitizers has been a very active field of research, with a special focus on porphyrins and porphyrin-related macrocycle molecules. The present study describes the photophysical characterization and in vitro phototoxicity evaluation of 5,10,15,20-tetra(quinolin-2-yl)porphyrin (2-TQP) as a potential PDT photosensitizer. Molar absorption coefficients were determined from the corresponding absorption spectrum, the fluorescence quantum yield was calculated using 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) as a standard and the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation was determined by direct phosphorescence measurements. Toxicity evaluations (in the presence and absence of irradiation) were performed against HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells. The results from this preliminary study show that the hydrophobic 2-TQP fulfills several critical requirements for a good PDT photosensitizer, namely a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation (Φ∆ 0.62), absence of dark toxicity and significant in vitro phototoxicity for concentrations in the micromolar range.
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Küçüköz B, Sevinç G, Yildiz E, Karatay A, Zhong F, Yılmaz H, Tutel Y, Hayvalı M, Zhao J, Yaglioglu HG. Enhancement of two photon absorption properties and intersystem crossing by charge transfer in pentaaryl boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13546-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01266c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Indication of charge transfer and an intersystem crossing mechanism for the B4 compound by using ultrafast pump probe spectroscopy.
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19
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Zhang T, Lan R, Gong L, Wu B, Wang Y, Kwong DWJ, Wong WK, Wong KL, Xing D. An Amphiphilic BODIPY-Porphyrin Conjugate: Intense Two-Photon Absorption and Rapid Cellular Uptake for Two-Photon-Induced Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2015; 16:2357-64. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science; Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Rongfeng Lan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road Hong Kong China
| | - Longlong Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science; Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Baoyan Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science; Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road Hong Kong China
| | - Daniel W. J. Kwong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road Hong Kong China
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road Hong Kong China
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Areas of Excellence Scheme University Grants Committee Hong Kong) and; Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials; Hong Kong Baptist University; Waterloo Road Hong Kong China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science; Institute of Laser Life Science; College of Biophotonics; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
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20
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Bromby AD, Keller SN, Bozek KJA, Williams VE, Sutherland TC. Pi-Extended Ethynyl 21,23-Dithiaporphyrins: A Synthesis and Comparative Study of Electrochemical, Optical, and Self-Assembling Properties. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9401-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Bromby
- University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Samantha N. Keller
- University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Kevin J. A. Bozek
- Simon Fraser University, 8888
University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Vance E. Williams
- Simon Fraser University, 8888
University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Todd C. Sutherland
- University of Calgary, 2500 University
Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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Zhu S, Wu F, Wang K, Zheng Y, Li Z, Zhang X, Wong WK. Photocytotoxicity, cellular uptake and subcellular localization of amidinophenylporphyrins as potential photodynamic therapeutic agents: An in vitro cell study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4513-7. [PMID: 26338364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell-based studies of 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis (4-amidinophenyl) porphyrin (Por1), its Zn complex (Por2) and amidinophenyl bisporphyrin (Por3) were carried out to examine their photocytotoxicity, cellular uptake and sub-cellular localization with human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (HK-1), using 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (H2TMPyP) as a reference. These porphyrins showed low dark-cytotoxicity and high photo-cytotoxicity against HK-1. The amphiphilic amidinophenyl bisporphyrin (Por3) displayed better cellular uptake than the single hydrophilic Por1, Por2 and H2TMPyP. As seen from the extent of overlapping of the fluorescence profiles, lysosomal localization of amidinophenylporphyrin Por1-Por3 and mito/lyso localization of the H2TMPyP occurred in the cells. The results suggest these porphyrins with amidine group could be used as potential agents in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Fengshou Wu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China; College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Yunman Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zaoying Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Xiulan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Advanced Materials, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, PR China.
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22
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Park JH, Ban SJ, Ahmed T, Choi HS, Yoon HE, Yoon JH, Choi HK. Development of DH-I-180-3 loaded lipid nanoparticle for photodynamic therapy. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:393-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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23
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Turan IS, Cakmak FP, Yildirim DC, Cetin-Atalay R, Akkaya EU. Near-IR Absorbing BODIPY Derivatives as Glutathione-Activated Photosensitizers for Selective Photodynamic Action. Chemistry 2014; 20:16088-92. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Bio M, Rajaputra P, Nkepang G, You Y. Far-red light activatable, multifunctional prodrug for fluorescence optical imaging and combinational treatment. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3401-9. [PMID: 24694092 PMCID: PMC4002125 DOI: 10.1021/jm5000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We recently developed “photo-unclick
chemistry”,
a novel chemical tool involving the cleavage of aminoacrylate by singlet
oxygen, and demonstrated its application to visible light-activatable
prodrugs. In this study, we prepared an advanced multifunctional prodrug,
Pc-(L-CA4)2, composed of the fluorescent photosensitizer
phthalocyanine (Pc), an SO-labile aminoacrylate linker (L), and a
cytotoxic drug combretastatin A-4 (CA4). Pc-(L-CA4)2 had
reduced dark toxicity compared with CA4. However, once illuminated,
it showed improved toxicity similar to CA4 and displayed bystander
effects in vitro. We monitored the time-dependent
distribution of Pc-(L-CA4)2 using optical imaging with
live mice. We also effectively ablated tumors by the illumination
with far-red light to the mice, presumably through the combined effects
of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and released chemotherapy drug, without
any sign of acute systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Bio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, United States
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25
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Santos PM, Laranjo M, Serra AC, Abrantes AM, Piñeiro M, Casalta-Lopes J, Trindade D, Maia J, Rocha-Gonsalves A, Botelho MF. Evaluation of a99mTc-labelledmeso-bisphenylporphyrin as a tumour image agent. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:141-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M. Santos
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- University of Beira Interior; 6200-001 Covilhã Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Chymiotechnon, Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; Rua Larga 3000 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Marta Piñeiro
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Chymiotechnon, Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; Rua Larga 3000 Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Casalta-Lopes
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- Radiation Oncology Department; Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Praceta Mota Pinto; 3000-075 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Diná Trindade
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Jorge Maia
- University of Beira Interior; 6200-001 Covilhã Portugal
| | - António Rocha-Gonsalves
- Chymiotechnon, Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; Rua Larga 3000 Coimbra Portugal
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Biophysics Unit, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- IBILI, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas; 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
- CIMAGO, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra; Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas 3000-548 Coimbra Portugal
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26
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Mane SB, Hung CH. Synthesis of carboxylate functionalized A3B and A2B2 thiaporphyrins and their application in dye-sensitized solar cells. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thiaporphyrins were effectively applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. Among them, N3S-ECN with an ethynylphenyl linker and cyanoacrylic acid anchor, achieved the highest efficiency of 1.69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep B. Mane
- Institute of Chemistry
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan Normal University
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27
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Bio M, Rajaputra P, Nkepang G, Awuah SG, Hossion AML, You Y. Site-Specific and Far-Red-Light-Activatable Prodrug of Combretastatin A-4 Using Photo-Unclick Chemistry. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3936-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400139w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moses Bio
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Pallavi Rajaputra
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Gregory Nkepang
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Abugafar M. L. Hossion
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73117, United States
| | - Youngjae You
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma 73117, United States
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28
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Wang K, Jin Q, Zhang X, Song SH. Synthesis, DNA Photocleavage and Singlet Oxygen Measurement of Cationic Bisporphyrins. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2013.57.2.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Rajaputra P, Nkepang G, Watley R, You Y. Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of lipophilic cation conjugated photosensitizers for targeting mitochondria. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:379-87. [PMID: 23245573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria-specific photosensitizers were designed by taking advantage of the preferential localization of delocalized lipophilic cations (DLCs) in mitochondria. Three DLC-porphyrin conjugates: CMP-Rh (a core modified porphyrin-rhodamine B cation), CMP-tPP (a core modified porphyrin-mono-triphenyl phosphonium cation), CMP-(tPP)(2) (a core modified porphyrin-di-tPP cation) were prepared. The conjugates were synthesized by conjugating a monohydroxy core modified porphyrin (CMP-OH) to rhodamine B (Rh B), or either one or two tPPs, respectively, via a saturated hydrocarbon linker. Their ability for delivering photosensitizers to mitochondria was evaluated using dual staining fluorescence microscopy. In addition, to evaluate the efficiency of the conjugates as photosensitizers, their photophysical properties and in vitro biological activities were studied in comparison to those of CMP-OH. Fluorescence imaging study suggested that CMP-Rh specifically localized in mitochondria. On the other hand, CMP-tPP and CMP-(tPP)(2) showed less significant mitochondrial localization. All conjugates were capable of generating singlet oxygen at rates comparable to CMP-OH. Interestingly, all cationic conjugates showed dramatic increase in cellular uptake and phototoxicity compared to CMP-OH. This improved photodynamic activity might be primarily due to an enhanced cellular uptake. Our study suggests that Rh B cationic group is better at least for CMP than tPP as a mitochondrial targeting vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Rajaputra
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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30
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Xu HJ, Mack J, Wu D, Xue ZL, Descalzo AB, Rurack K, Kobayashi N, Shen Z. Synthesis and Properties of Fused-Ring-Expanded Porphyrins that were Core-Modified with Group 16 Heteroatoms. Chemistry 2012; 18:16844-67. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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31
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Wang K, Poon CT, Choi CY, Wong WK, Kwong DW, Yu FQ, Zhang H, Li ZY. Synthesis, circular dichroism, DNA cleavage and singlet oxygen photogeneration of 4-amidinophenyl porphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s108842461100435x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-amidinophenyl)porphyrin (Por 1), its Zn complex (Por 2) and its conjugate with a tetraphenylporphyrin to form a bisporphyrin (Por 3) were prepared. The monomeric Por 1 and Por 2 showed both intercalative and external binding with DNA whereas only external DNA binding was seen in the bisporphyrin, Por 3 by circular dichroism and UV-vis. The DNA photocleavage activities of these porphyrins followed the order: Por 1 ~ Por 2 > Por 3, which did not correlate with their measured 1O2 production rates. It suggests 4-amidinophenylporphyrins are promising new photodynamic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chun T. Poon
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Chun Y. Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Daniel W.J. Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Fa Q. Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zao Y. Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, P.R. China
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32
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Xie Y, Joshi P, Ropp M, Galipeau D, Zhang L, Fong H, You Y, Qiao Q. Structural effects of core-modified porphyrins in dye-sensitized solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424609001145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of core-modified porphyrins with different meso aryl groups ( R 1), anchoring groups ( R 2), and core atoms (X) were studied as light-harvesting sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). DSSCs were fabricated using these porphyrins as well as TiO2 nanoparticles with a particle diameter of around 25 nm. A dense layer of TiO2 was deposited as an interfacial layer on fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO) substrates. A TiO2 nanocrystalline film was then deposited on the dense layer by spin coating. The comparison of DSSC performance from different core-modified porphyrins was studied. The UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of porphyrin films attached on TiO2 and porphyrin solutions were also measured. The results indicated that both anchoring and meso aryl groups impacted on cell performance. The cell efficiency was correlated to the absorption of porphyrin films attached on TiO2 at the Soret band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Prakash Joshi
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Mike Ropp
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - David Galipeau
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Hao Fong
- Department of Chemistry, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
| | - Youngjae You
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
| | - Qiquan Qiao
- Center for Advanced Photovoltaics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57006, USA
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33
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Nkepang G, Pogula PK, Bio M, You Y. Synthesis and Singlet Oxygen Reactivity of 1,2-Diaryloxyethenes and Selected Sulfur and Nitrogen Analogs. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88:753-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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You Y, Daniels TS, Dominiak PM, Detty MR. Synthesis, spectral data, and crystal structure of two novel substitution patterns in dithiaporphyrins. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses, characterizations and crystal structures of 5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-15,20-diphenyl-10-(4-methoxy)phenyl-21,23-dithiaporphyrin (1b) and 2,3-dimethoxy-10,15-diphenyl-21,23-dithiaporphyrin (2) are described. The cyclization of 2-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-pyrrolomethyl]-5-(1-phenyl-1-pyrrolomethyl)thiophene and 2-[1-(4-t-butylphenyl)-1-hydroxymethyl]-5-(1-phenyl-1-hydroxymethyl)thiophene gave predominantly the cis-regioisomer, which was characterized by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjae You
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007-0896, USA
| | - Thalia S. Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Paulina M. Dominiak
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
| | - Michael R. Detty
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA
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35
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Pereira N, Serra AC, Pineiro M, Gonsalves AMDR, Abrantes M, Laranjo M, Botelho F. Synthetic porphyrins bearing β-propionate chains as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424610002227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins with different numbers of β-propionate chains mimicking natural porphyrins were prepared via the 2+2 MacDonald type approach. Photodynamic activity against WiDr colon adenocarcinoma cells showed that activity is related to the number of β-propionate chains, with the derivatives with two carboxylic groups showing higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Pereira
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arménio C. Serra
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António M. d'A. Rocha Gonsalves
- Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Margarida Abrantes
- Instituto de Biofísica/Biomatemática, IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Instituto de Biofísica/Biomatemática, IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filomena Botelho
- Instituto de Biofísica/Biomatemática, IBILI, Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Ambiente, Genética e Oncobiologia, (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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Awuah SG, Polreis J, Biradar V, You Y. Singlet oxygen generation by novel NIR BODIPY dyes. Org Lett 2011; 13:3884-7. [PMID: 21732590 DOI: 10.1021/ol2014076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Five novel near-infrared BODIPY dyes were prepared for improved singlet oxygen generation using thiophene and bromine. Theoretical, optical, photostable, and singlet oxygen generation characteristics of these dyes were assessed. Predicted excitation energies by TDDFT calculations were in good agreement (ΔE ≈ 0.06 eV) with experimental data. All five dyes showed both excitation and emission in the NIR range. In particular, two dyes having sulfur and bromine atoms showed efficient singlet oxygen generation with high photostability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G Awuah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, USA
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37
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Maduray K, Karsten A, Odhav B, Nyokong T. In vitro toxicity testing of zinc tetrasulfophthalocyanines in fibroblast and keratinocyte cells for the treatment of melanoma cancer by photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 103:98-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Alvarez M, Villanueva A, Acedo P, Cañete M, Stockert JC. Cell death causes relocalization of photosensitizing fluorescent probes. Acta Histochem 2011; 113:363-8. [PMID: 20138336 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When cultured cells are treated with fluorescent organelle probes or photosensitizer agents, a characteristic redistribution of fluorescence in cell structures occurs frequently after light irradiation. It is currently assumed that such changes, referred to as relocalizations of the fluorescent compounds, represent an important aspect of the photodynamic process, which is based on the excitation of photosensitizers by light in the presence of oxygen. As cell damage and death result from the oxidative stress induced by photodynamic treatments, we have studied here the redistribution of acridine orange (AO) and 3,3'-dimethyl-oxacarbocyanine (DiOC(1)(3)) fluorescence after incubation of HeLa cell cultures with these compounds followed by blue light irradiation to achieve lethal effects. The relocalization of dyes from their original labeling sites (AO: lysosomes, DiOC(1)(3): mitochondria) to nucleic acid-containing structures (cytoplasm, nuclei and nucleoli) appeared clearly associated with cell death. Therefore, the relocalization phenomenon simply reflects fluorescence changes due to the different affinity of these dyes for living and damaged or dead cells. As fluorescent probes are often photosensitizers, prolonged light exposures using fluorescence microscopy will produce lethal photodynamic effects with relocalization of the fluorescent signal and changes in the cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Alvarez
- Anatomical Institute José Izquierdo, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, 1050 Caracas, Venezuela
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Silva P, Fonseca SM, Arranja CT, Burrows HD, Urbano AM, Sobral AJFN. A new nonconjugated naphthalene derivative of meso-tetra-(3-hydroxy)-phenyl-porphyrin as a potential sensitizer for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2011; 86:1147-53. [PMID: 20553404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2010.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new 5,10,15,20-tetra-(phenoxy-3-carbonyl-1-amino-naphthyl)-porphyrin was prepared by an isocyanate condensation reaction and its photophysical properties fully evaluated, both in terms of photostability and singlet oxygen production. It shows considerably enhanced photostability when compared with the parent 5,10,15,20-tetra-(3-hydroxy-phenyl)-porphyrin, with the photodegradation quantum yields for T(NAF)PP and T(OH)PP being 4.65×10(-4) and 5.19×10(-3) , respectively. Its photodynamic effect in human carcinoma HT-29 cells was evaluated. The new porphyrin showed good properties as a sensitizer in photodynamic therapy with an in vitro cytotoxicity IC(50) value of 6.80μg mL(-1) for a 24h incubation. In addition to the potential of this compound, the synthetic route used provides possibilities of extension to a wide range of new sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Silva
- Departamento de Química, FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Singh K, Sharma A. Highly regioselective lithiation of inter-ring carbon of bis(thien-2yl)methane: a general meso-elaboration protocol. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Designing photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy: strategies, challenges and promising developments. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:667-91. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) are techniques that combine the effects of visible light irradiation with subsequent biochemical events that arise from the presence of a photosensitizing drug (possessing no dark toxicity) to cause destruction of selected cells. Despite its still widespread clinical use, Photofrin® has several drawbacks that limit its general clinical use. Consequently, there has been extensive research into the design of improved alternative photosensitizers aimed at overcoming these drawbacks. While there are many review articles on the subject of PDT and PACT, these have focused on the photosensitizers that have been used clinically, with little emphasis placed on how the chemical aspects of the molecule can affect their efficacy as PDT agents. Indeed, many of the PDT/PACT agents used clinically may not even be the most appropriate within a given class. As such, this review aims to provide a better understanding of the factors that have been investigated, while aiming at improving the efficacy of a molecule intended to be used as a photosensitizer. Recent publications, spanning the last 5 years, concerning the design, synthesis and clinical usage of photosensitizers for application in PDT and PACT are reviewed, including 5-aminolevulinic acid, porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, texaphyrins, phthalocyanines and porphycenes. It has been shown that there are many important considerations when designing a potential PDT/PACT agent, including the influence of added groups on the lipophilicity of the molecule, the positioning and nature of these added groups within the molecule, the presence of a central metal ion and the number of charges that the molecule possesses. The extensive ongoing research within the field has led to the identification of a number of potential lead molecules for application in PDT/PACT. The development of the second-generation photosensitizers, possessing shorter periods of photosensitization, longer activation wavelengths and greater selectivity for diseased tissue provides hope for attaining the ideal photosensitizer that may help PDT and PACT move from laboratory investigation to clinical practice.
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Wang K, Poon CT, Wong WK, Wong WY, Choi CY, Kwong DWJ, Zhang H, Li ZY. Synthesis, Characterization, Singlet-Oxygen Photogeneration, DNA Photocleavage and Two-Photon-Absorption Properties of Some (4-Cyanophenyl)porphyrins. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Khdair A, Gerard B, Handa H, Mao G, Shekhar MPV, Panyam J. Surfactant−Polymer Nanoparticles Enhance the Effectiveness of Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2008; 5:795-807. [DOI: 10.1021/mp800026t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Khdair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Brigitte Gerard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Hitesh Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Malathy P. V. Shekhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, Breast Cancer Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 110 East Warren Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Department of Pathology,
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Noiseux I, Mermut O, Bouchard JP, Cormier JF, Desroches P, Fortin M, Gallant P, Leclair S, Vernon ML, Diamond KR, Patterson MS. Effect of liposomal confinement on photochemical properties of photosensitizers with varying hydrophilicity. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:041313. [PMID: 19021321 DOI: 10.1117/1.2950309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Preferential tumor localization and the aggregation state of photosensitizers (PSs) can depend on the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of the molecule and affect their phototoxicity. In this study, three PSs of different hydrophilicity are introduced in liposomes to understand the structure-photochemistry relationship of PSs in this cellular model system. Absorbance and fluorescence spectra of amphiphilic aluminum (III) phthalocyanine disulfonate chloride adjacent isomer (Al-2), hydrophilic aluminum (III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (Al-4), and lipophilic 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide (HPPH) are compared in a liposomal confined state with free PS in bulk solution. For fluorescence measurements, a broad range of concentrations of both bulk and liposomal confined PSs are examined to track the transition from monomers to dimers or higher order aggregates. Epifluorescence microscopy, absorbance, and fluorescence measurements all confirm different localization of the PSs in liposomes, depending on their hydrophilicity. In turn, the localization affects the aggregation of molecules inside the liposome cell model. Data obtained with such cellular models could be useful in optimizing the photochemical properties of photosensitizing drugs based on their structure-dependent interactions with cellular media and subcellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Noiseux
- INO (National Optics Institute), Department of Biophotonics, 2740 Einstein Street, Quebec G1P 4S4, Canada
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Mermut O, Noiseux I, Bouchard JP, Cormier JF, Desroches P, Fortin M, Gallant P, Leclair S, Vernon ML, Diamond KR, Patterson MS. Effect of liposomal confinement on photothermal and photo-oximetric fluorescence lifetimes of photosensitizers with varying hydrophilicity. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:041314. [PMID: 19021322 DOI: 10.1117/1.2952298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The time-resolved fluorescence of photosensitizers (PSs) of varying hydrophobicities, di-and tetrasulfonated Al phthalocyanines (Al-2 and Al-4), and Photochlor (HPPH), was investigated in liposomes used as cell-mimetic models. Using frequency-and time-domain apparatus, the fluorescence lifetime, tau(fluo), was compared for PSs free in aqueous solution and in a liposome-associated state at varied temperatures (25 to 78 degrees C) and oxygen concentrations (0-190 microM). The analysis of tau(fluo) revealed different decay behaviors for the free-solution and liposome-confined PSs, most significantly for the lipophilic HPPH. Hydrophilic PS drugs (Al-4, Al-2) were less affected by the liposomal confinement, depending on the relative hydrophilicity of the compound and the consequent localization in liposomes. Changes in the emission decay due to confinement were detected as differences in the lifetime between the bulk solution and the liposome-localized PS in response to heating and deoxygenation. Specifically, hydrophilic Al-4 produced an identical lifetime trend as a function of temperature both in solu and in a liposome-confined state. Hydrophobic HPPH exhibited a fundamental transformation in its fluorescence decay kinetics, transitioning from a multiexponential (in free solution) to single-exponential (in liposome) decay. Deoxygenation resulted in a ubiquitous tau(fluo) increase for all PSs in free solution, while the opposite, a tau(fluo) decrease, occurred in all liposomal PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozzy Mermut
- National Optics Institute, Department of Biophotonics, 2740 Einstein St., Quebec, QC, Canada, G1P 4S4.
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Jiang FL, Poon CT, Wong WK, Koon HK, Mak NK, Choi CY, Kwong DWJ, Liu Y. An Amphiphilic Bisporphyrin and Its YbIII Complex: Development of a Bifunctional Photodynamic Therapeutic and Near-Infrared Tumor-Imaging Agent. Chembiochem 2008; 9:1034-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Porphyrin with amino acid moieties: A tumor photosensitizer. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 172:154-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cauchon N, Nader M, Bkaily G, van Lier JE, Hunting D. Photodynamic activity of substituted zinc trisulfophthalocyanines: role of plasma membrane damage. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 82:1712-20. [PMID: 16906790 DOI: 10.1562/2005-12-13-ra-752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that variations in cellular phototoxicity among a series of alkynyl-substituted zinc trisulfophthalocyanines (ZnPcS3Cn) correlates with their hydrophobicity, with the most amphiphilic derivatives showing the highest cell uptake and phototoxicity. In this study we address the role of the plasma membrane in the photodynamic response as it relates to the overall hydrophobicity of the photosensitizer. The membrane tracker dye 1-[4(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenylhexa-1,3,5-triene (TMA-DPH), which is incorporated into plasma membranes by endocytosis, was used to establish plasma membrane uptake by EMT-6 cells of the ZnPcS3C, by colocalization, and TMA-DPH membrane uptake rates after photodynamic therapy were used to quantify membrane damage. TMA-DPH colocalization patterns show plasma membrane uptake of the photosensitizers after short 1 h incubation periods. TMA-DPH plasma membrane uptake rates after illumination of the photosensitizer-treated cells show a parabolic relationship with photosensitizer hydrophobicity that correlates well with the phototoxicity of the ZnPcS3C,. After a 1 h incubation period, overall phototoxicity correlates closely with the postillumination rate of TMA-DPH incorporation into the cell membrane, suggesting a major role of plasma membrane damage in the overall PDT effect. In contrast, after a 24 h incubation, phototoxicity shows a stronger but imperfect correlation with total cellular photosensitizer uptake rather than TMA-DPH membrane uptake, suggesting a partial shift in the cellular damage responsible for photosensitization from the plasma membrane to intracellular targets. We conclude that plasma membrane localization of the amphiphilic ZnPcS3C6-C9 is a major factor in their overall photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cauchon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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You Y, Gibson SL, Detty MR. Phototoxicity of a core-modified porphyrin and induction of apoptosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 85:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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