1
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Jiang Y, Yang W, Wang F, Zhou B. In silico studies of a novel scaffold of benzoxazole derivatives as anticancer agents by 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14808-14824. [PMID: 37197188 PMCID: PMC10184002 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 kinases (VEGFR-2) expressed on tumor cells and vessels are attractive targets for cancer treatment. Potent inhibitors for the VEGFR-2 receptor are novel strategies to develop anti-cancer drugs. In this work, template ligand-based 3D-QSAR studies were performed on a series of benzoxazole derivatives toward different cell lines (HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7). Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques were used to generate 3D-QSAR models. Good predictability was derived for the optimal CoMFA models (HepG2: Rcv2 = 0.509, Rpred2 = 0.5128; HCT-116: Rcv2 = 0.574, Rpred2 = 0.5597; MCF-7: Rcv2 = 0.568, Rpred2 = 0.5057) and CoMSIA models (HepG2: Rcv2 = 0.711, Rpred2 = 0.6198; HCT-116: Rcv2 = 0.531, Rpred2 = 0.5804; MCF-7: Rcv2 = 0.669, Rpred2 = 0.6577). In addition, the contour maps derived from CoMFA and CoMSIA models were also generated to illustrate the relationship between different fields and the inhibitory activities. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also conducted to understand the binding modes and the potential interactions between the receptor and the inhibitors. Some key residues (Leu35, Val43, Lys63, Leu84, Gly117, Leu180 and Asp191) were pointed out for stabilizing the inhibitors in the binding pocket. The binding free energies for the inhibitors agreed well with the experimental inhibitory activity and indicated that steric, electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions are the main driving force for inhibitor-receptor binding. Overall, a good consistency between theoretical 3D-SQAR and molecular docking and MD simulation studies would provide directions for the design of new candidates, avoiding time-consuming and costly synthesis and biological evaluations. On the whole, the results derived from this study could expand the understanding of benzoxazole derivatives as anticancer agents and would be of great help in lead optimization for early drug discovery of highly potent anticancer activity targeting VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiang
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Wei Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital Shenzhen 518112 China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- School of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276000 China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, College of Basic Medical, Guizhou Medical University Guizhou 550004 China
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2
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Optimizing the Sunitinib for cardio-toxicity and thyro-toxicity by scaffold hopping approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2022; 10:10. [PMID: 35791431 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-022-00125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib is a potent anti-cancer scaffold that acts as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Although the scaffold exhibits potent anti-cancer activity, it is cardiotoxic and also induces hypothyroidism. The current research aims to optimize the Sunitinib for cardio-toxicity and thyro-toxicity by scaffold hopping approach using the admetSAR server. The server has optimized the physico-chemical properties of Sunitinib, which were contributing to the cardiotoxicity and thyro-toxicity. The library of the optimized compounds was further screened by the molecular docking studies and results were validated by the MD simulation and DFT analysis for VEGFR-2 inhibition. Compounds 163 and 432 exhibited the highest affinity to VEGFR-2 receptor with minimal cardiotoxicity and thyro-toxicity. These two compounds could be the starting point for the further discovery of angiogenic inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-022-00125-1.
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3
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Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Barbarossa A, Caruso A, Grande F, Bonomo MG, Mariconda A, Longo P, Carmela S, Sinicropi MS. Carbazole Derivatives as Kinase-Targeting Inhibitors for Cancer Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:444-465. [PMID: 31951166 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200117144701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinases (PKs) are a heterogeneous family of enzymes that modulate several biological pathways, including cell division, cytoskeletal rearrangement, differentiation and apoptosis. In particular, due to their crucial role during human tumorigenesis and cancer progression, PKs are ideal targets for the design and development of effective and low toxic chemotherapeutics and represent the second group of drug targets after G-protein-coupled receptors. Nowadays, several compounds have been claimed to be PKs inhibitors, and some of them, such as imatinib, erlotinib and gefitinib, have already been approved for clinical use, whereas more than 30 others are in various phases of clinical trials. Among them, some natural or synthetic carbazole-based molecules represent promising PKs inhibitors due to their capability to interfere with PK activity by different mechanisms of action including the ability to act as DNA intercalating agents, interfere with the activity of enzymes involved in DNA duplication, such as topoisomerases and telomerases, and inhibit other proteins such as cyclindependent kinases or antagonize estrogen receptors. Thus, carbazoles can be considered a promising this class of compounds to be adopted in targeted therapy of different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Alexia Barbarossa
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | - Fedora Grande
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Saturnino Carmela
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, (CS), Italy
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4
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Synthesis of Pharmacologically Relevant New Derivatives of Maleimides via Ligand-Free Pd-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Chen F, Fang Y, Zhao R, Le J, Zhang B, Huang R, Chen Z, Shao J. Evolution in medicinal chemistry of sorafenib derivatives for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:916-935. [PMID: 31306818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Traditional chemotherapy drugs are hard to reach a satisfactory therapeutic effect since advanced HCC is highly chemo-resistant. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor that can suppress tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, the poor solubility, rapid metabolism and low bioavailability of sorafenib greatly restricted its further clinical application. During the past decade, numerous sorafenib derivatives have been designed and synthesized to overcome its disadvantages and improve its clinical performance. This article focuses on the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of various sorafenib derivatives with modifications on the N-methylpicolinamide group, urea group, central aromatic ring or others. More importantly, this review summarizes the current status of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of reported sorafenib derivatives, which can provide some detailed information of future directions for further structural modifications of sorafenib to discovery new anti-tumor drugs with improved clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Yifan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jingqing Le
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Bingchen Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China; Marine Drug R&D Center, Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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6
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Shahin R, Mansi I, Swellmeen L, Alwidyan T, Al-Hashimi N, Al-Qarar'h Y, Shaheen O. Ligand-based computer aided drug design reveals new tropomycin receptor kinase a (TrkA) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:327-352. [PMID: 29454290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Targeting tropomycin kinase A (TrkA) by small molecule inhibitors is considered as a promising strategy for treating several human cancers. To achieve this goal, a ligand based QSAR model was applied using the Discovery studio 4.5 (DS 4.5). Hence, a total list of 161 TrkA inhibitors was investigated. The TrkA inhibitors were extensively explored to detect their optimal physicochemical properties and pharmacophoric binding modes, which were converted into numeric descriptors and allowed to compete within the context of the Genetic Function Algorithm (GFA) approximations to find the subset of terms that correlates best with the activity. The resulted successful QSAR equation had statistical criteria of (r2129=0.67, r2LOO=0.61 r2PRESS against 32 external test inhibitors=0.50). Afterwards, the most successful pharmacophore: HypoB-T5-3, was used to screen compounds within the National Cancer institute (NCI) database. Only 41 compounds were retrieved and 21 of them exhibited anti-TrkA activity. The most potent hit had an IC50 value of 2.4μM. Later, upon docking the active hits into the TrkA binding pocket, important interactions were revealed including hydrogen bonding with the amino acids Asp668 and Lys544 in addition to the cation-π interactions with the sidechain of Arg559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rand Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Iman Mansi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Lubna Swellmeen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Tahani Alwidyan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nabil Al-Hashimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yaser Al-Qarar'h
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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7
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Khandan M, Sadeghian-Rizi S, Khodarahmi G, Hassanzadeh F. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of some novel quinoxalinedione diarylamide sorafenib analogues. Res Pharm Sci 2018; 13:168-176. [PMID: 29606971 PMCID: PMC5842488 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.223802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel sorafenib analogues containing a quinoxalinedione ring and amide linker were synthesized. A total of 9 novel compounds in 6 synthetic steps were synthesized. Briefly, the amino group of p-aminophenol was first protected which then followed by O-arylation with 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline to provide compound d. Reduction of the nitro group of compound d and cyclization of the diamine group of compound e with oxalic acid afforded compound f which on deacetylation yeilded compound g. Then compound g was reacted with different acyl halides to afford the target compounds 1h-1p. Chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR analysis. All compounds were evaluated at 1, 10, 50 and 100 μM concentrations for their cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Some of the compounds showed good cytotoxic activity, especially compounds 1i and 1k-1n with the IC50 values of 19, 16, 22, 18, and 16 μM against MCF-7 cell line and 20, 18, 25, 20, and 18 μM against HeLa cell line, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Khandan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Sedighe Sadeghian-Rizi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Ghadamali Khodarahmi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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8
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Truax NJ, Banales Mejia F, Kwansare DO, Lafferty MM, Kean MH, Pelkey ET. Synthesis of Benzo[a]carbazoles and an Indolo[2,3-a]carbazole from 3-Aryltetramic Acids. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6808-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanyal J. Truax
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Fernando Banales Mejia
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Deborah O. Kwansare
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Megan M. Lafferty
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Maeve H. Kean
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Erin T. Pelkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
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9
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Solubility of N-ethylcarbazole in ethanol+petroleum ether mixtures at various temperatures. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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van Loon AA, Holton MK, Downey C, White TM, Rolph CE, Bruening SR, Li G, Delaney KM, Pelkey SJ, Pelkey ET. Preparation of dibenzo[e,g]isoindol-1-ones via Scholl-type oxidative cyclization reactions. J Org Chem 2014; 79:8049-58. [PMID: 25138638 PMCID: PMC4156242 DOI: 10.1021/jo501185f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A flexible synthesis of dibenzo[e,g]isoindol-1-ones has been developed. Dibenzo[e,g]isoindol-1-ones represent simplified benzenoid analogues of biological indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-5-ones (indolocarbazoles), compounds that have demonstrated a wide range of biological activity. The synthesis of the title compounds involved tetramic acid sulfonates. Different aryl groups were introduced at C4 of the heterocyclic ring via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Finally, mild Scholl-type oxidative cyclizations mediated by phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) converted some of the latter compounds into the corresponding dibenzo[e,g]isoindol-1-ones. A systematic study of the oxidative cyclization revealed the following reactivity trend: 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl ≫ 3-methoxyphenyl > 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl > 4-methoxyphenyl ≈ phenyl. Overall, the oxidative cyclization required at least two methoxy groups distributed in the aromatic rings, at least one of which had to be located para to the site of the cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. van Loon
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Maeve K. Holton
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Catherine
R. Downey
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Taryn M. White
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Carly E. Rolph
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Stephen R. Bruening
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Guanqun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Katherine M. Delaney
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Sarah J. Pelkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
| | - Erin T. Pelkey
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William
Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United
States
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11
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Investigation of amino acid conjugates of (S)-1-[1-(4-aminobenzoyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-6-sulfonyl]-4-phenyl-imidazolidin-2-one (DW2282) as water soluble anticancer prodrugs. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:439-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Vig BS, Huttunen KM, Laine K, Rautio J. Amino acids as promoieties in prodrug design and development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1370-85. [PMID: 23099277 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs are biologically inactive agents that upon biotransformation in vivo result in active drug molecules. Since prodrugs might alter the tissue distribution, efficacy and the toxicity of the parent drug, prodrug design should be considered at the early stages of preclinical development. In this regard, natural and synthetic amino acids offer wide structural diversity and physicochemical properties. This review covers the use of amino acid prodrugs to improve poor solubility, poor permeability, sustained release, intravenous delivery, drug targeting, and metabolic stability of the parent drug. In addition, practical considerations and challenges associated with the development of amino acid prodrugs are also covered.
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Miyamoto N, Sakai N, Hirayama T, Miwa K, Oguro Y, Oki H, Okada K, Takagi T, Iwata H, Awazu Y, Yamasaki S, Takeuchi T, Miki H, Hori A, Imamura S. Discovery of N -[5-({2-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)amino]imidazo[1,2- b ]pyridazin-6-yl}oxy)-2-methylphenyl]-1,3-dimethyl-1 H -pyrazole-5-carboxamide (TAK-593), a highly potent VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2333-2345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
VEGF is an important signaling protein involved in both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. As an essential receptor protein tyrosine kinase propagating cellular signal transduction processes, VEGFR-2 is a central target for drug discovery against tumor-associated angiogenesis. Since the autophosphorylation of VEGFR-2 represents a key step in this signal pathway that contributes to angiogenesis, the discovery of small molecule inhibitors that block this reaction has attracted great interest for novel drugs research and development. Advances in the understanding of catalytic cleft and the conformational changes of DFG motif have resulted in the development of small molecule inhibitors known as type I and type II. High-resolution crystal structures of various inhibitors in complex with the receptor offer an insight into the relationship among binding modes, inhibition mechanisms, activity, selectivity and resistance. To control selectivity, improve activity and introduce intellectual property novelty, the strategies for the further development are discussed through structural and conformational analysis in this review.
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15
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Efficacy of Tie2 receptor antagonism in angiosarcoma. Neoplasia 2012; 14:131-40. [PMID: 22431921 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are malignant endothelial cell tumors with few effective systemic treatments. Despite a unique endothelial origin, molecular candidates for targeted therapeutic intervention have been elusive. In this study, we explored the tunica internal endothelial cell kinase 2 (Tie2) receptor as a potential therapeutic target in angiosarcoma. Human angiosarcomas from diverse sites were shown to be universally immunoreactive for Tie2. Tie2 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) antagonists inhibited SVR and MS1-VEGF angiosarcoma cell survival in vitro. In the high-grade SVR cell line, Tie2 and VEGF antagonists inhibited cell survival synergistically, whereas effects were largely additive in the low-grade MS1-VEGF cell line. Xenograft modeling using these cell lines closely recapitulated the human disease. In vivo, Tie2 and VEGFR inhibition resulted in significant angiosarcoma growth delay. The combination proved more effective than either agent alone. Tie2 inhibition seemed to elicit tumor growth delay through increased tumor cell apoptosis, whereas VEGFR inhibition reduced tumor growth by lowering tumor cell proliferation. These data identify Tie2 antagonism as a potential novel, targeted therapy for angiosarcomas and provide a foundation for further investigation of Tie2 inhibition, alone and in combinations, in the management of this disease.
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16
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Hudkins RL, Becknell NC, Zulli AL, Underiner TL, Angeles TS, Aimone LD, Albom MS, Chang H, Miknyoczki SJ, Hunter K, Jones-Bolin S, Zhao H, Bacon ER, Mallamo JP, Ator MA, Ruggeri BA. Synthesis and biological profile of the pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor-like homology domains 2 (VEGF-R/TIE-2) inhibitor 11-(2-methylpropyl)-12,13-dihydro-2-methyl-8-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4H-indazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-4-one (CEP-11981): a novel oncology therapeutic agent. J Med Chem 2012; 55:903-13. [PMID: 22148921 DOI: 10.1021/jm201449n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence supports the utility of antiangiogenesis inhibitors as a strategy to block or attenuate tumor-induced angiogenesis and inhibition of primary and metastatic tumor growth in a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors. Given the requirement of tumors for different cytokine and growth factors at distinct stages of their growth and dissemination, optimal antiangiogenic therapy necessitates inhibition of multiple, complementary, and nonredundant angiogenic targets. 11-(2-Methylpropyl)-12,13-dihydro-2-methyl-8-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4H-indazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-4-one (11b, CEP-11981) is a potent orally active inhibitor of multiple targets (TIE-2, VEGF-R1, 2, and 3, and FGF-R1) having essential and nonredundant roles in tumor angiogenesis and vascular maintenance. Outlined in this article are the design strategy, synthesis, and biochemical and pharmacological profile for 11b, which completed Phase I clinical assessing safety and pharmacokinetics allowing for the initiation of proof of concept studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hudkins
- Discovery Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States.
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17
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Pandey AK, Tanwar O, Deora GS, Karthikeyan C, Hari Narayana Moorthy NS, Trivedi P. Modeling VEGFR kinase inhibition of aminopyrazolopyridine urea derivatives using topological and physicochemical descriptors: a quantitative structure activity analysis study. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Kuai L, Ong SE, Madison JM, Wang X, Duvall JR, Lewis TA, Luce CJ, Conner SD, Pearlman DA, Wood JL, Schreiber SL, Carr SA, Scolnick EM, Haggarty SJ. AAK1 identified as an inhibitor of neuregulin-1/ErbB4-dependent neurotrophic factor signaling using integrative chemical genomics and proteomics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:891-906. [PMID: 21802010 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Target identification remains challenging for the field of chemical biology. We describe an integrative chemical genomic and proteomic approach combining the use of differentially active analogs of small molecule probes with stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-mediated affinity enrichment, followed by subsequent testing of candidate targets using RNA interference-mediated gene silencing. We applied this approach to characterizing the natural product K252a and its ability to potentiate neuregulin-1 (Nrg1)/ErbB4 (v-erb-a erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 4)-dependent neurotrophic factor signaling and neuritogenesis. We show that AAK1 (adaptor-associated kinase 1) is a relevant target of K252a, and that the loss of AAK1 alters ErbB4 trafficking and expression levels, providing evidence for a previously unrecognized role for AAK1 in Nrg1-mediated neurotrophic factor signaling. Similar strategies should lead to the discovery of novel targets for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Kuai
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Lan P, Sun JR, Chen WN, Sun PH, Chen WM. Molecular modelling studies on d-annulated benzazepinones as VEGF-R2 kinase inhibitors using docking and 3D-QSAR. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:367-77. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.513331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Rong Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Na Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping-Hua Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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8-THP-DHI analogs as potent Type I dual TIE-2/VEGF-R2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3356-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The current 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is about 3% and the median survival less than 6 months because the chemotherapy and radiation therapy presently available provide only marginal benefit. Clearly, pancreatic cancer requires new therapeutic concepts. Recently, the kinase inhibitors imatinib and gefitinib, developed to treat chronic myelogenous leukaemia and breast cancer, respectively, gave very good results. Kinases are deregulated in many diseases, including cancer. Given that phosphorylation controls cell survival signalling, strategies targeting kinases should obviously improve cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present knowledge on kinases potentially usable as therapeutic targets in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. All clinical trials using available kinase inhibitors in monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs failed to improve survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. To detect kinases relevant to this disease, we undertook a systematic screening of the human kinome to define a 'survival kinase' catalogue for pancreatic cells. We selected 56 kinases that are potential therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Preclinical studies using combined inhibition of PAK7, MAP3K7 and CK2 survival kinases in vitro and in vivo showed a cumulative effect on apoptosis induction. We also observed that these three kinases are rather specific of pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, if kinase inhibitors presently available are unfortunately not efficient for treating pancreatic cancer, recent data suggest that inhibitors of other kinases, involved more specifically in pancreatic cancer development, might, in the future, become interesting therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Giroux
- INSERM U624, Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille Cedex 9, France
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22
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Ren W, Korchin B, Lahat G, Wei C, Bolshakov S, Nguyen T, Merritt W, Dicker A, Lazar A, Sood A, Pollock RE, Lev D. Combined vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with chemotherapy for treatment of local, uterine, and metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:5466-75. [PMID: 18765538 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare heterogeneous malignancy. Overall survival has been stagnant for decades, primarily because systemic therapies are ineffective versus metastases, the leading cause of STS lethality. Consequently, we examined whether tyrosine kinase receptors active in STS growth signaling might be blockable and whether multireceptor blockade might synergize with low-dose STS chemotherapy by therapeutically affecting STS cells and their associated microenvironment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Vandetanib (AstraZenca), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, was evaluated alone and with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo in three human STS nude mouse xenograft models of different STS locations (muscle, uterus, lung), stages (primary, metastatic), and subtypes (leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, uterine sarcoma: luciferase-expressing MES-SA human uterine sarcoma cells surgically implanted into uterine muscularis with bioluminescence tumor growth assessment; developed by us). RESULTS In vitro, human STS cells were sensitive to vandetanib. Vandetanib alone and with chemotherapy statistically significantly inhibited leiomyosarcoma local growth and fibrosarcoma lung metastasis. Direct injection of MES-SA into nude mice uterine muscularis resulted in high tumor take (88%), whereas s.c. injection resulted in no growth, suggesting microenvironmental tumor growth modulation. Vandetanib alone and with chemotherapy statistically significantly inhibited uterine sarcoma growth. In all models, vandetanib induced increased apoptosis, decreased tumor cell proliferation, and decreased angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Vandetanib has antitumor effects against human STS subtypes in vitro and in vivo, where it also affects the tumor-associated microenvironment. Given the urgent need for better systemic approaches to STS, clinical trials evaluating vandetanib, perhaps with low-dose chemotherapy, seem warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Ren
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Johnson BM, Kamath AV, Leet JE, Liu X, Bhide RS, Tejwani RW, Zhang Y, Qian L, Wei DD, Lombardo LJ, Shu YZ. Metabolism of 5-Isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (BMS-645737): Identification of an UnusualN-Acetylglucosamine Conjugate in the Cynomolgus Monkey. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:2475-83. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.022624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Tripathy R, Angeles TS, Yang SX, Mallamo JP. TrkA kinase inhibitors from a library of modified and isosteric Staurosporine aglycone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3551-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lefoix M, Coudert G, Routier S, Pfeiffer B, Caignard DH, Hickman J, Pierré A, Golsteyn RM, Léonce S, Bossard C, Mérour JY. Novel 5-azaindolocarbazoles as cytotoxic agents and Chk1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5303-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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TIE-2/VEGF-R2 SAR and in vitro activity of C3-acyl dihydroindazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2368-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ruel R, Thibeault C, L'Heureux A, Martel A, Cai ZW, Wei D, Qian L, Barrish JC, Mathur A, D'Arienzo C, Hunt JT, Kamath A, Marathe P, Zhang Y, Derbin G, Wautlet B, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Henley B, Tejwani R, Bhide RS, Trainor GL, Fargnoli J, Lombardo LJ. Discovery and preclinical studies of 5-isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (BMS-645737), an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2985-9. [PMID: 18395443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a series of substituted N-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amines as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase. Through structure-activity relationship studies, biochemical potency, pharmacokinetics, and kinase selectivity were optimized to afford BMS-645737 (13), a compound with good preclinical in vivo activity against human tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Ruel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Candiac, Que., Canada J5R 1J1.
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Weiss MM, Harmange JC, Polverino AJ, Bauer D, Berry L, Berry V, Borg G, Bready J, Chen D, Choquette D, Coxon A, DeMelfi T, Doerr N, Estrada J, Flynn J, Graceffa RF, Harriman SP, Kaufman S, La DS, Long A, Neervannan S, Patel VF, Potashman M, Regal K, Roveto PM, Schrag ML, Starnes C, Tasker A, Teffera Y, Whittington DA, Zanon R. Evaluation of a series of naphthamides as potent, orally active vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1668-80. [PMID: 18324759 DOI: 10.1021/jm701098w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown N-arylnaphthamides can be potent inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs). N-Alkyl and N-unsubstituted naphthamides were prepared and found to yield nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 (KDR) with an improved selectivity profile against a panel of tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. The inhibitory activity of this series was retained at the cellular level. Naphthamides 3, 20, and 22 exhibited good pharmacokinetics following oral dosing and showed potent inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the rat corneal model. Once-daily oral administration of 22 for 14 days led to 85% inhibition of established HT29 colon cancer and Calu-6 lung cancer xenografts at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Weiss
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Inc., One Kendall Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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29
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Harmange JC, Weiss MM, Germain J, Polverino AJ, Borg G, Bready J, Chen D, Choquette D, Coxon A, DeMelfi T, DiPietro L, Doerr N, Estrada J, Flynn J, Graceffa RF, Harriman SP, Kaufman S, La DS, Long A, Martin MW, Neervannan S, Patel VF, Potashman M, Regal K, Roveto PM, Schrag ML, Starnes C, Tasker A, Teffera Y, Wang L, White RD, Whittington DA, Zanon R. Naphthamides as Novel and Potent Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation¶. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1649-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701097z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Dandu R, Zulli AL, Bacon ER, Underiner T, Robinson C, Chang H, Miknyoczki S, Grobelny J, Ruggeri BA, Yang S, Albom MS, Angeles TS, Aimone LD, Hudkins RL. Design and synthesis of dihydroindazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole oximes as potent dual inhibitors of TIE-2 and VEGF-R2 receptor tyrosine kinases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1916-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pews-Davtyan A, Tillack A, Ortinau S, Rolfs A, Beller M. Efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aryl-4-indolylmaleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:992-7. [PMID: 18327323 DOI: 10.1039/b719160j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improved palladium catalysts for the Suzuki coupling of 3-bromo-1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-3-indolyl)maleimide have been developed. The coupling of both aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids proceeds smoothly in good to excellent yields at low catalyst loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Pews-Davtyan
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
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Abstract
Background Sarcomas are rare mesenchymally derived tumors for which there are limited treatment options. This paper discusses the current therapeutic potential of directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in sarcoma. Methods The authors review antibody-based strategies and small molecular inhibitors of TKIs, with specific emphasis placed on the potential use of these targeted agents as therapeutic options for the treatment of sarcomas that are not gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Results Many TKs have been shown to be mutated or overexpressed in human sarcoma tumors and cell lines and may serve as potential targets for promising new sarcoma therapies. Furthermore, the novel mechanism of targeting TKs may complement the antitumor activity of existing sarcoma treatment options. Conclusions TKIs such as imatinib, sunitinib, and sorefanib are promising new therapeutic options for the management of patients with soft tissue sarcoma.
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Samlowski WE, Vogelzang NJ. Emerging drugs for the treatment of metastatic renal cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2007; 12:605-18. [PMID: 17979602 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.12.4.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For decades, options for the treatment for metastatic renal cancer have been limited and mostly ineffective. During this time, immunotherapy agents, such as IFN-alpha and IL-2, have represented the major treatment options. Over the last 3 years, advances in cancer biology have characterized important signaling pathways that regulate blood vessel growth and cell proliferation. These studies have identified a number of novel 'druggable' targets. Since 2004, this has resulted in regulatory approval of four additional agents that are active against renal cancer (bevacizumab, sorafenib, sunitinib and temsirolimus). A large number of additional candidate molecules that block the vascular endothelial growth factor and mTOR pathways have subsequently been identified. These agents are rapidly progressing through clinical testing in renal cancer and in other malignancies. This paper overviews the status of these investigational agents and anticipates areas of future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram E Samlowski
- Section of Melanoma, Renal Cancer and Immunotherapy Nevada Cancer Institute, One Breakthrough Way, Las Vegas, NV 89135, USA.
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35
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Wan J, Wu B, Pan Y. Novel one-step synthesis of 2-carbonyl/thiocarbonyl isoindolinones and mechanistic disclosure on the rearrangement reaction of o-phthalaldehyde with amide/thioamide analogs. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Hasegawa M, Nishigaki N, Washio Y, Kano K, Harris PA, Sato H, Mori I, West RI, Shibahara M, Toyoda H, Wang L, Nolte RT, Veal JM, Cheung M. Discovery of novel benzimidazoles as potent inhibitors of TIE-2 and VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase receptors. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4453-70. [PMID: 17676829 DOI: 10.1021/jm0611051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We herein disclose a novel chemical series of benzimidazole-ureas as inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and TIE-2 kinase receptors, both of which are implicated in angiogenesis. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies elucidated a critical role for the N1 nitrogen of both the benzimidazole (segment E) and urea (segment B) moieties. The SAR results were also supported by the X-ray crystallographic elucidation of the role of the N1 nitrogen and the urea moiety when the benzimidazole-urea compounds were bound to the VEGFR-2 enzyme. The left side phenyl ring (segment A) occupies the backpocket where a 3-hydrophobic substituent was favored for TIE-2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaichi Hasegawa
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., 43 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-4247, Japan.
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Stella VJ, Nti-Addae KW. Prodrug strategies to overcome poor water solubility. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:677-94. [PMID: 17628203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug design in recent years has attempted to explore new chemical spaces resulting in more complex, larger molecular weight molecules, often with limited water solubility. To deliver molecules with these properties, pharmaceutical scientists have explored many different techniques. An older but time-tested strategy is the design of bioreversible, more water-soluble derivatives of the problematic molecule, or prodrugs. This review explores the use of prodrugs to effect improved oral and parenteral delivery of poorly water-soluble problematic drugs, using both marketed as well as investigational prodrugs as examples. Prodrug interventions should be considered early in the drug discovery paradigm rather than as a technique of last resort. Their importance is supported by the increasing percentage of approved new drug entities that are, in fact, prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino J Stella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
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Naik RP, Jin D, Chuang E, Gold EG, Tousimis EA, Moore AL, Christos PJ, de Dalmas T, Donovan D, Rafii S, Vahdat LT. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells correlate to stage in patients with invasive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 107:133-8. [PMID: 18043899 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9519-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis is dependent on the formation and assembly of new blood vessels, a process known as neo-angiogenesis. Both pre-existing and circulating vascular cells have been shown to contribute to the assembly of tumor neo-vessels in specific tumors. Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow constitutes a crucial step in the formation of de novo blood vessels, and levels of peripheral blood EPCs have been shown to be increased in certain malignant states. However, the role of circulating EPCs in breast cancer is largely unknown. We recruited twenty-five patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer at Weill Cornell Breast Center to participate in a pilot study investigating the correlation of circulating EPCs to extent of disease and initiation of chemotherapy. For each patient, a baseline sample was drawn before systemic treatment, and for seventeen of those patients, a second sample was taken after the first round of chemotherapy. Levels of peripheral blood EPCs, as defined by co-expression of CD133 and VEGFR2, were quantified by flow cytometry. Breast cancer patients with stage III & IV disease had statistically higher levels of circulating EPCs than did patients with stage I & II disease (median = 165,000 EPCs/5 x 10(6)MNCs vs. median = 6,920 EPCs/5 x 10(6)MNCs, respectively, P < 0.0001). In addition, in late-stage patients, levels of EPCs demonstrated a statistically significant drop after initiation of chemotherapy (median = 162,500 EPCs/5 x 10(6)MNCs [pre] vs. median = 117,500 EPCs/5 x 10(6)MNCs [post], P = 0.01). These results suggest that circulating EPCs may serve as a potential tumor biomarker in breast cancer and that EPCs may represent a plausible target for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi P Naik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Hudkins RL, Johnson NW, Angeles TS, Gessner GW, Mallamo JP. Synthesis and Mixed Lineage Kinase Activity of Pyrrolocarbazole and Isoindolone Analogs of (+)K-252a. J Med Chem 2007; 50:433-41. [PMID: 17266195 DOI: 10.1021/jm051074u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Structural modification of the indolecarbazole natural product (+)K-252a identified structural requirements for MLK activity and a novel series of potent fused pyrrolocarbazole MLK1/3 inhibitors. The SAR revealed that the lactam regiochemistry, the shape of the heterocycle, and aryl rings B and F are important to MLK activity. Heteroatom and alkyl replacement of the N-12 and/or N-13 indole nitrogen atoms identified the nonplanar dihydronaphthyl[3,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole-7-one (8) and corresponding 5,7-dione (7) as potent cell-permeable MLK1/3 family-selective leads with in vitro activity comparable to that of (+)K-252a and determined them to be 2- to 3-fold more potent than the aglycone natural product K-252c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hudkins
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, USA. rhudkins@ cephalon.com
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Kiselyov A, Balakin KV, Tkachenko SE. VEGF/VEGFR signalling as a target for inhibiting angiogenesis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:83-107. [PMID: 17155856 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
VEGFs and a respective family of tyrosine kinases receptors (VEGFRs) are key proteins modulating angiogenesis, the formation of new vasculature from an existing vascular network. There has been considerable evidence in vivo, including clinical observations, that abnormal angiogenesis is implicated in a number of disease conditions, which include rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation, cancer, psoriasis, degenerative eye conditions and others. Antiangiogenic therapies based on inhibition of VEGF/VEGFR signalling were reported to be powerful clinical strategies in oncology and ophthalmology. Current efforts have yielded promising clinical data for several antiangiogenic therapeutics. In this review, the authors elucidate key aspects of VEGFR signalling, as well as clinically relevant strategies for the inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis, with an emphasis on small-molecule VEGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Kiselyov
- ChemDiv, Inc., 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 5, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Yang SM, Malaviya R, Wilson LJ, Argentieri R, Chen X, Yang C, Wang B, Cavender D, Murray WV. Simplified staurosporine analogs as potent JAK3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:326-31. [PMID: 17088059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 10/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simplification of bottom ring and regioselective functionalization of the indolocarbazole unit of staurosporine (2) are described. The modification led to a new series of simplified staurosporine analogs, which exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Janus kinase 3 (JAK3). The structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed and a proposed binding model is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ming Yang
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, L.L.C., 8 Clarke Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
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Sánchez C, Méndez C, Salas JA. Indolocarbazole natural products: occurrence, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Nat Prod Rep 2006; 23:1007-45. [PMID: 17119643 DOI: 10.1039/b601930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The indolocarbazole family of natural products, including the biosynthetically related bisindolylmaleimides, is reviewed (with 316 references cited). The isolation of indolocarbazoles from natural sources and the biosynthesis of this class of compounds are thoroughly reviewed, including recent developments in molecular genetics, enzymology and metabolic engineering. The biological activities and underlying modes of action displayed by natural and synthetic indolocarbazoles is also presented, with an emphasis on the development of analogs that have entered clinical trials for its future use against cancer or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Funcional & Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (I.U.O.P.A.), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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43
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Becknell NC, Zulli AL, Angeles TS, Yang S, Albom MS, Aimone LD, Robinson C, Chang H, Hudkins RL. Novel C-3 N-urea, amide, and carbamate dihydroindazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole analogs as potent TIE-2 and VEGF-R2 dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5368-72. [PMID: 16890434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of C-3 urea, amide, and carbamate fused dihydroindazolocarbazole (DHI) analogs are reported as highly potent dual inhibitors of TIE-2 and VEGF-R2 receptor tyrosine kinases with excellent cellular potency. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicate the optimal N-13 alkyl substitutions are n-propyl and i-butyl. The isopropyl carbamate 39 displayed good dual enzyme, cell potency, and rat pharmacokinetic properties for advancement to in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine C Becknell
- Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA.
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Jones-Bolin S, Zhao H, Hunter K, Klein-Szanto A, Ruggeri B. The effects of the oral, pan-VEGF-R kinase inhibitor CEP-7055 and chemotherapy in orthotopic models of glioblastoma and colon carcinoma in mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:1744-53. [PMID: 16891460 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CEP-7055, a fully synthetic, orally active N,N-dimethylglycine ester of CEP-5214, a C3-(isopropylmethoxy)-fused pyrrolocarbazole with potent pan-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinase inhibitory activity, has recently completed phase I clinical trials in cancer patients. These studies evaluated the antitumor efficacy of CEP-7055 using orthotopic models of glioblastoma and colon carcinoma in combination with temozolomide, and irinotecan and oxaliplatin, respectively, for their effects on primary and metastatic tumor burden and median survival. Chronic administration of CEP-7055 (23.8 mg/kg/dose) and temozolomide resulted in improvement of median survival of nude mice bearing orthotopic human glioblastoma xenografts compared with temozolomide alone (261 versus 192 days, respectively; P < or = 0.02). Reductions in neurologic dysfunction, brain edema, hemorrhage, and intratumoral microvessel density (CD34 staining) were observed in glioma-bearing mice receiving CEP-7055 alone, temozolomide alone, and the combination of CEP-7055 and temozolomide relative to vehicle and to temozolomide monotherapy. The administration of CEP-7055 in combination with irinotecan (20 mg/kg/dose i.p. x 5 days), and to a lesser degree with oxaliplatin (10 mg/kg/dose i.v.), showed reductions on primary colon carcinoma and hepatic metastatic burden in the CT-26 tumor model relative to that achieved by irinotecan and oxaliplatin monotherapy. These data show the significant efficacy and tolerability of optimal efficacious doses of CEP-7055 when given in combination with temozolomide and irinotecan relative to monotherapy with these cytotoxic agents in preclinical orthotopic glioma and colon carcinoma models and lend support for the use of these treatment regimens in a clinical setting in patients with glioblastoma and colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jones-Bolin
- Oncology Research, Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA
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45
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Bhide RS, Cai ZW, Zhang YZ, Qian L, Wei D, Barbosa S, Lombardo LJ, Borzilleri RM, Zheng X, Wu LI, Barrish JC, Kim SH, Leavitt K, Mathur A, Leith L, Chao S, Wautlet B, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Kukral D, Hunt JT, Kamath A, Fura A, Vyas V, Marathe P, D'Arienzo C, Derbin G, Fargnoli J. Discovery and preclinical studies of (R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5- methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan- 2-ol (BMS-540215), an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2143-6. [PMID: 16570908 DOI: 10.1021/jm051106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 4-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-5-yloxy)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-based inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 kinase is reported. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that a methyl group at the 5-position and a substituted alkoxy group at the 6-position of the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine core gave potent compounds. Biochemical potency, kinase selectivity, and pharmacokinetics of the series were optimized and in vitro safety liabilities were minimized to afford BMS-540215 (12), which demonstrated robust preclinical in vivo activity in human tumor xenograft models. The l-alanine prodrug of 12, BMS-582664 (21), is currently under evaluation in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev S Bhide
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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47
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Mikalsen T, Gerits N, Moens U. Inhibitors of signal transduction protein kinases as targets for cancer therapy. BIOTECHNOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEW 2006; 12:153-223. [PMID: 17045195 DOI: 10.1016/s1387-2656(06)12006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer development requires that tumour cells attain several capabilities, including increased replicative potentials, anchorage and growth-factor independency, evasion of apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis. Many of these processes involve the actions of protein kinases, which have emerged as key regulators of all aspects of neoplasia. Perturbed protein kinase activity is repeatedly found to be associated with human malignancies, making these proteins attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. The last decade has witnessed an exponential increase in the development of specific small protein kinase inhibitors. Many of them are in clinical trials in patients with different types of cancer and some are successfully used in clinic. This review describes different approaches that are currently applied to develop such specific protein kinase inhibitors and provides an overview of protein kinase inhibitors that are currently in clinical trials or are administered in the clinic. Focus is directed on inhibitors against receptor tyrosine kinases and protein kinases participating in the signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Mikalsen
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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48
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Recent Advances in Oral Prodrug Discovery. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(06)41027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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49
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Sridhar J, Akula N, Sivanesan D, Narasimhan M, Rathinavelu A, Pattabiraman N. Identification of novel angiogenesis inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4125-9. [PMID: 15993586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key stimulant of angiogenesis, which is the process of generating new capillary blood vessels. Inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinase is known to result in blockage of angiogenesis. A pharmacophore was developed based on the binding of ATP to the hinge region of the kinase domain of VEGFR and a database search of 18,000 compounds was conducted. Selected hits were assessed for their ability to limit the induction of web-like network of capillary tubes by the human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. Two compounds (1 and 4) showed good inhibitory ability to prevent sprouting and closed polygon formation of the tubular networks, promising them to be lead compounds. Compound 4 showed 60% inhibition at 0.05 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Laboratory for In-silico Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Bourderioux A, Routier S, Bénéteau V, Mérour JY. First efficient synthesis of novel oxophenyl-arcyriaflavin analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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