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Jaramillo DN, Millán D, Guevara-Pulido J. Design, synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) by virtual screening. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106403. [PMID: 36758772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting almost 300 million people. According to the WHO, depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability and morbidity. People with this illness require both psychological and pharmaceutical treatment because severe depressive episodes often result in suicide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used antidepressants that target the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). The crystallization of hSERT and the experimental data available allows cost and time-efficient computational tools like virtual screening (VS) to be utilized in the development of therapeutic agents. Here, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated the biological activity of a novel SSRI analog of paroxetine, rationally designed by applying an artificial neural network-based QSAR model and a molecular docking analysis on hSERT. The analog N-substituted 18a showed higher affinity for the transporter (-10.2 kcal/mol), lower Ki value (1.19 nM) and a safer toxicological profile than paroxetine and was synthesized with a 71% yield. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the analog was evaluated using human glioblastoma (U87 MG), human neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y) and murine fibroblast (L929) cell lines. Also, the hemolytic ability of the compound was assessed on human erythrocytes. Results showed that analog 18a did not exhibit cytotoxic activity on the cell lines used and has no hemolytic activity at any of the concentrations tested, whereas with paroxetine, hemolysis was observed at 2.3, 1.29 y 0.67 mM. Based on these results, it is possible to suggest that analog 18a could be a promising new SSRI candidate for the treatment of this illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deissy N Jaramillo
- INQA, Applied Chemistry Research Group- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Millán
- GIBAT, Basic and Traslational Research Group - Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - James Guevara-Pulido
- INQA, Applied Chemistry Research Group- Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
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2
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Lavrova AV, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV. Role of Oxidative Stress in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: Advanced Therapeutic Products. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Li J, Devi Laishram R, Chen J, Xu D, Shi G, Lv H, Fan R, Fan B. Regioselective Hydroiodination of Alkynes by in situ‐Generated HI. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Ronibala Devi Laishram
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Jingchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Dandan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Guangrui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Haiping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Ruifeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal ResourcesYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
- School of Chemistry and EnvironmentYunnan Minzu University Yunnan, Kunming 650500 China
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4
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Stehouwer JS, Goodman MM. 11C and18F PET radioligands for the serotonin transporter (SERT). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:114-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Stehouwer
- Center for Systems Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Emory University; Atlanta; GA; USA
| | - Mark M. Goodman
- Center for Systems Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; Emory University; Atlanta; GA; USA
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5
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Chelucci G. Synthesis and Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of gem-Dihalovinyl Systems. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1344-462. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200165q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Chelucci
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Sassari, viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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6
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Burghart J, Brückner R. Sn/Li Exchange Reactions in 1,ω-Distannylated Conjugated Trienes and Tetraenes: An Enabling Step for Polyene Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Stehouwer JS, Daniel LM, Chen P, Voll RJ, Williams L, Plott SJ, Votaw JR, Owens MJ, Howell L, Goodman MM. Synthesis, fluorine-18 radiolabeling, and biological evaluation of N-((E)-4-fluorobut-2-en-1-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4'-halophenyl)nortropanes: candidate radioligands for in vivo imaging of the brain dopamine transporter with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5549-57. [PMID: 20597489 DOI: 10.1021/jm100269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The N-(E)-fluorobutenyl-3beta-(para-halo-phenyl)nortropanes 9-12 were synthesized as ligands of the dopamine transporter (DAT) for use as (18)F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In vitro competition binding assays demonstrated that compounds 9-12 have a high affinity for the DAT and are selective for the DAT compared to the serotonin and norepinephrine transporters. MicroPET imaging with [(18)F]9-[(18)F]11 in anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys showed high uptake in the putamen with lesser uptake in the caudate, but significant washout of the radiotracer was only observed for [(18)F]9. PET imaging with [(18)F]9 in an awake rhesus monkey showed high and nearly equal uptake in both the putamen and caudate with peak uptake achieved after 20 min followed by a leveling-off for about 10 min and then a steady washout and attainment of a quasi-equilibrium. During the time period 40-80 min postinjection of [(18)F]9, the ratio of uptake in the putamen and caudate vs cerebellum uptake was > or = 4.
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8
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Jarkas N, Voll RJ, Williams L, Goodman MM. Validation of two fluoro-analogues of N,N-dimethyl-2-(2′-amino-4′-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)benzylamine as serotonin transporter imaging agents using microPET. Nucl Med Biol 2010; 37:593-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Nencetti S, Demontis GC, Mazzoni MR, Betti L, Banti I, Rossello A, Lapucci A. 3-[(aryl)(4-fluorobenzyloxy)methyl]piperidine derivatives: high-affinity ligands for the serotonin transporter. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1439-45. [PMID: 17910821 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.10.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The structural requirements for high-affinity binding at the serotonin transporter (SERT) have been investigated through the preparation of some 3-[(aryl)(4-fluorobenzyloxy)methyl]piperidine derivatives. The affinity of synthesised piperidinic compounds (1–4) at the SERT was evaluated by displacement of [3H]-paroxetine binding. Derived inhibition constant (Ki) values were in the same order of magnitude as that of fluoxetine, ranging between 2 and 400 nm. To better define the profiles of these compounds as potential antidepressants, binding affinity for 5-HT1A receptors and α2-adrenoceptors was also investigated by competition experiments using [3H]8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin ([3H]8-OH-DPAT) and [3H]rauwolscine as radiolabelled ligands, respectively. Inhibition data indicate that compounds 1–4 possess a very weak affinity for these receptors. The high affinity of compound 1 for SERT indicates that it is worth investigating further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Nencetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Zeng F, Mun J, Jarkas N, Stehouwer JS, Voll RJ, Tamagnan GD, Howell L, Votaw JR, Kilts CD, Nemeroff CB, Goodman MM. Synthesis, radiosynthesis, and biological evaluation of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 labeled reboxetine analogues: potential positron emission tomography radioligands for in vivo imaging of the norepinephrine transporter. J Med Chem 2009; 52:62-73. [PMID: 19067522 DOI: 10.1021/jm800817h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reboxetine analogues with methyl and fluoroalkyl substituents at position 2 of the phenoxy ring 1-4 were synthesized. In vitro competition binding with [(3)H]nisoxetine demonstrated that 1-4 have a high affinity for the norepinephrine transporter (NET) with K(i)'s = 1.02, 3.14, 3.68, and 0.30 nM, respectively. MicroPET imaging in rhesus monkeys showed that the relative regional distribution of [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]4 is consistent with distribution of the NET in the brain, while [(18)F]2 and [(18)F]3 showed only slight regional differentiation in brain uptake. Especially, the highest ratios of uptake of [(11)C]1 in NET-rich regions to that in caudate were obtained at 1.30-1.45 at 45 min and remained relatively constant over 85 min. Pretreatment of the monkey with the selective NET inhibitor, desipramine, decreased the specific binding for both [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]4. PET imaging in awake monkeys suggested that anesthesia influenced the binding potential of [(11)C]1 and [(11)C]4 at the NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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11
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Stehouwer JS, Jarkas N, Zeng F, Voll RJ, Williams L, Camp VM, Malveaux EJ, Votaw JR, Howell L, J.Owens M, Goodman MM. Synthesis, radiosynthesis, and biological evaluation of fluorine-18-labeled 2beta-carbo(fluoroalkoxy)-3beta-(3'-((Z)-2-haloethenyl)phenyl)nortropanes: candidate radioligands for in vivo imaging of the serotonin transporter with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7788-99. [PMID: 19053782 PMCID: PMC2668213 DOI: 10.1021/jm800781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The meta-vinylhalide fluoroalkyl ester nortropanes 1-4 were synthesized as ligands of the serotonin transporter (SERT) for use as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents. In vitro competition binding assays demonstrated that 1-4 have a high affinity for the SERT (K(i) values = 0.3-0.4 nM) and are selective for the SERT over the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters (DAT and NET). MicroPET imaging in anesthetized cynomolgus monkeys with [(18)F]1-[(18)F]4 demonstrated that all four tracers behave similarly with peak uptake in the SERT-rich brain regions achieved after 45-55 min, followed by a steady washout. An awake monkey study was performed with [(18)F]1, which demonstrated that the uptake of [(18)F]1 was not influenced by anesthesia. Chase studies with the SERT ligand 15 displaced [(18)F]1-[(18)F]4, but chase studies with the DAT ligand 16 did not displace [(18)F]1-[(18)F]4 thus indicating that the tracers were binding specifically to the SERT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark M. Goodman
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Department of Radiology, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 Phone: (404) 727-9366. Fax: (404) 727-3488. E-mail:
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12
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Abstract
The aberrant expression and function of certain receptors in tumours and other diseased tissues make them preferable targets for molecular imaging. PET and SPECT radionuclides can be used to label specific ligands with high affinity for the target receptors. The functional information obtained from imaging these receptors can be used to better understand the systems under investigation and for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. This review discusses some of the aspects of receptor imaging with small molecule tracers by PET and SPECT and reviews some of the tracers for the receptor imaging of tumours and brain, heart and lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviv Hagooly
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Design of Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors: SSRIs, SNRIs and NRIs. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2008_028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Jarkas N, Voll RJ, Williams L, Votaw JR, Owens M, Goodman MM. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of halogenated N,N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine derivatives as PET serotonin transporter ligands. J Med Chem 2007; 51:271-81. [PMID: 18085744 DOI: 10.1021/jm0707929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine (38), substituted on ring A, was reported to display high binding affinity and selectivity to the human brain serotonin transporter (SERT). In an attempt to explore the potential of compounds substituted on ring B of the phenylthiophenyl core structure, three derivatives of 38 were synthesized: N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)-5-fluorobenzylamine (35), N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)-5-bromobenzylamine (36), and N, N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethyl-phenylthio)-5-iodobenzylamine (37). The in vitro binding studies in cells transfected with human SERT, norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT) showed that 35, 36, and 37 exhibited high SERT affinity with K is (SERT) = 1.26, 0.29, and 0.31 nM (vs [(3)H]citalopram), respectively. [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-( 37) were prepared by methylation of their monomethyl precursors 16, 17, and 18, with [(11)C]iodomethane in 28, 11, and 14% radiochemical yields, respectively. The microPET images of [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-(37) showed high uptake in the monkey brain regions rich in SERT with peak midbrain to cerebellum ratios of 3.41, 3.24, and 3.00 at 85 min post-injection, respectively. In vivo bindings of [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-(37) were shown to be specific to the SERT as displacement with citalopram (a potent SERT ligand) reduced radioactivity in SERT-rich regions to the cerebellum level. These results suggest that [(11)C]-(35), [(11)C]-(36), and [(11)C]-(37) could be potential agents for mapping human SERT by PET and radiolabeling 37 with iodine-123, which could afford the first SPECT SERT imaging agent exhibiting fast kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachwa Jarkas
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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15
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Zeng F, Jarkas N, Stehouwer JS, Voll RJ, Owens MJ, Kilts CD, Nemeroff CB, Goodman MM. Synthesis, in vitro characterization, and radiolabeling of reboxetine analogs as potential PET radioligands for imaging the norepinephrine transporter. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 16:783-93. [PMID: 17983754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2007] [Revised: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 10/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Six new (S,S)-enantiomers of reboxetine derivatives were synthesized and their binding affinities were determined via competition binding assays in cells expressing the human norepinephrine transporter (NET), serotonin transporter (SERT) or dopamine transporter (DAT). All six compounds prepared exhibit high affinity for the NET (K(i)<or=2nM) and selectivity versus the SERT and DAT. Radiolabeling methods were also developed to prepare these ligands in moderate to high radiochemical yield with high radiochemical purity via O- or S-methylation with [(11)C]CH(3)I, or O-alkylation with [(18)F]fluoroethyl brosylate or [(18)F]fluoropropyl brosylate, and their logP(7.4) was measured. These new C-11- and F-18-labeled tracers will be utilized in comparative microPET studies to evaluate their potential as PET radioligands for imaging brain NET in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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16
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Plisson C, Stehouwer JS, Voll RJ, Howell L, Votaw JR, Owens MJ, Goodman MM. Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of fluorine-18 and iodine-123 labeled 2beta-carbo(2-fluoroethoxy)-3beta-(4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl)nortropane as a candidate serotonin transporter imaging agent. J Med Chem 2007; 50:4553-60. [PMID: 17705359 DOI: 10.1021/jm061303s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
2Beta-carbo(2-fluoroethoxy)-3beta-(4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl)nortropane (betaFEpZIENT, 1) was synthesized as a serotonin transporter (SERT) imaging agent for both positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The binding affinity of 1 to human monoamine transporters showed a high affinity for the SERT (Ki = 0.08 nM) with respect to the dopamine transporter (DAT) (Ki = 13 nM) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (Ki = 28 nM). In vivo biodistribution and blocking studies performed in male rats demonstrated that [123I]1 was selective and specific for SERT. In vivo microPET brain imaging studies in an anesthetized monkey with [18F]1 showed high uptake in the diencephalon and brainstem with peak uptake achieved at 120 min. A chase study with (R,S)-citalopram.HBr displaced [18F]1 radioactivity from all SERT-rich brain regions. A chase study with the DAT ligand 2beta-carbophenoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane (9, RTI-113) failed to displace [18F]1, indicating that [18F]1 is specific to the SERT. The in vivo evaluation of [18F]1 indicates that this radiotracer is a good candidate for mapping and quantifying CNS SERT.
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17
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Zeng F, Stehouwer JS, Jarkas N, Voll RJ, Williams L, Camp VM, Votaw JR, Owens MJ, Kilts CD, Nemeroff CB, Goodman MM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2β,3α-(substituted phenyl)nortropanes as potential norepinephrine transporter imaging agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3044-7. [PMID: 17446069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2beta,3alpha-(substituted phenyl)nortropanes was synthesized and evaluated in vitro for human monoamine transporters. All compounds studied in this series exhibited nanomolar potency for the norepinephrine transporter (NET). Radiolabeling and nonhuman primate microPET brain imaging studies were performed with the most promising compound, [(11)C]1, to determine its utility as a NET imaging agent. Despite high in vitro affinity for the human NET, the high uptake of [(11)C]1 in the caudate and putamen excludes its use as an in vivo PET imaging agent for the NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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18
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Stehouwer JS, Jarkas N, Zeng F, Voll RJ, Williams L, Owens MJ, Votaw JR, Goodman MM. Synthesis, radiosynthesis, and biological evaluation of carbon-11 labeled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(3'-((Z)-2-haloethenyl)phenyl)nortropanes: candidate radioligands for in vivo imaging of the serotonin transporter with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2007; 49:6760-7. [PMID: 17154506 DOI: 10.1021/jm060641q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(3'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl)nortropane (mZIENT, 1) and 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(3'-((Z)-2-bromoethenyl)phenyl)nortropane (mZBrENT, 2) were synthesized and evaluated for binding to the human serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters (SERT, DAT, and NET, respectively) using transfected cells. Both 1 and 2 have a high affinity for the SERT (Ki=0.2 nM) and are approximately 160 times more selective for the SERT than the DAT. Compound 2 has a significantly higher affinity for the NET than 1, and this may be a result of the different size and electronegativity of the halogen atoms. MicroPET imaging in nonhuman primates with [11C]1 and [11C]2 demonstrated that both tracers behave similarly in vivo with high uptake being observed in the SERT-rich brain regions and peak uptake being achieved in about 55 min postinjection. Chase studies with citalopram and methylphenidate demonstrated that this uptake is the result of preferential binding to the SERT.
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19
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Newman AH, Cha JH, Cao J, Kopajtic T, Katz JL, Parnas ML, Vaughan R, Lever JR. Design and Synthesis of a Novel Photoaffinity Ligand for the Dopamine and Serotonin Transporters Based on 2β-Carbomethoxy-3β-biphenyltropane. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6621-5. [PMID: 17064081 DOI: 10.1021/jm0603973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tropane-based photoaffinity ligands covalently bind to discrete points of attachment on the dopamine transporter (DAT). To further explore structure-activity relations, a ligand in which the photoactivated group was extended from the 3-position of the tropane ring was synthesized from cocaine via a Stille or Suzuki coupling strategy. 3-(4'-Azido-3'-iodo-biphenyl-4-yl)-8-methyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (11; K(i) = 15.1 +/- 2.2 nM) demonstrated high binding affinity for the DAT. Moreover, this compound showed moderate binding affinity for the serotonin transporter (SERT, K(i) = 109 +/- 14 nM), suggesting the potential utility of [(125)I]11 in both DAT and SERT protein structure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry and Psychobiology Sections, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health/DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Zeng F, Jarkas N, Owens MJ, Kilts CD, Nemeroff CB, Goodman MM. Synthesis and monoamine transporter affinity of front bridged tricyclic 3beta-(4'-halo or 4'-methyl)phenyltropanes bearing methylene or carbomethoxymethylene on the bridge to the 2beta-position. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4661-3. [PMID: 16784855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of front bridged tricyclic 3beta-(4'-halo or 4'-methyl)phenyltropanes bearing methylene or carbomethoxymethylene on the bridge to the 2beta-position was synthesized, and their binding affinities were determined in cells transfected to express human norepinephrine transporter (NET), serotonin transporter (SERT), and dopamine transporter (DAT) via competition binding assays. All compounds studied in this series exhibit a moderate to high potency at all three transporters with SERT or DAT selectivity. 3beta-(4'-iodo)phenyltropane bearing methylene on the bridge to the 2beta-position (24) presents a particularly attractive pharmacological profile, with very high SERT affinity (K(i) = 0.09 nM) and selectivity versus NET (65-fold) and DAT (94-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanxing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiological Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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21
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Zessin J, Deuther-Conrad W, Kretzschmar M, Wüst F, Pawelke B, Brust P, Steinbach J, Bergmann R. [11C]SMe-ADAM, an imaging agent for the brain serotonin transporter: synthesis, pharmacological characterization and microPET studies in rats. Nucl Med Biol 2006; 33:53-63. [PMID: 16459259 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Revised: 07/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-methylthiophenylthio)benzylamine (SMe-ADAM, 1) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of the serotonin transporter (SERT). This compound was labeled with carbon-11 by methylation of the S-desmethyl precursor 10 with [(11)C]methyl iodide to obtain the potential positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [(11)C]SMe-ADAM. The radiochemical yield was 27 +/- 5%, and the specific radioactivity was 26-40 GBq/micromol at the end of synthesis. Ex vivo and in vivo biodistribution experiments in rats demonstrated a rapid accumulation of the radiotracer in brain regions known to be rich in SERT, such as the thalamus/hypothalamus region (3.59 +/- 0.41%ID/g at 5 min after injection). The specific uptake reached a thalamus to cerebellum ratio of 6.74 +/- 0.95 at 60 min postinjection. The [(11)C]SMe-ADAM uptake in the thalamus was significantly decreased by pretreatment with fluoxetine to 38 +/- 11% of the control value. Furthermore, no metabolites of [(11)C]SMe-ADAM could be detected in the SERT-rich regions of the rat brain. It is concluded that [(11)C]SMe-ADAM may be a suitable PET ligand for SERT imaging in the living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Zessin
- Institut für Bioanorganische und Radiopharmazeutische Chemie, Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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Plisson C, Jarkas N, McConathy J, Voll RJ, Votaw J, Williams L, Howell LL, Kilts CD, Goodman MM. Evaluation of carbon-11-labeled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-[4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl]nortropane as a potential radioligand for imaging the serotonin transporter by PET. J Med Chem 2006; 49:942-6. [PMID: 16451060 DOI: 10.1021/jm050799v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nortropane cocaine analogue, 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-[4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl]nortropane (ZIENT), is a high affinity, selective serotonin transporter (SERT) ligand that has shown promise as a SERT imaging agent for single photon computed tomography (SPECT) when labeled with I-123. Synthesis of the labeling precursor, radiosynthesis of [(11)C]ZIENT, and in vivo evaluation in anesthetized and awake monkeys have been performed to determine the suitability of [(11)C]ZIENT as a PET agent for SERT imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Plisson
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Stehouwer JS, Plisson C, Jarkas N, Zeng F, Voll RJ, Williams L, Martarello L, Votaw JR, Tamagnan G, Goodman MM. Synthesis, radiosynthesis, and biological evaluation of carbon-11 and fluorine-18 (N-fluoroalkyl) labeled 2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4'-(3-furyl)phenyl)tropanes and -nortropanes: candidate radioligands for in vivo imaging of the serotonin transporter with positron emission tomography. J Med Chem 2005; 48:7080-3. [PMID: 16250668 DOI: 10.1021/jm0504095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2beta-Carbomethoxy-3beta-(4'-(3-furyl)phenyl)nortropane (1) was synthesized along with the N-methyl (2), N-fluoroethyl (3), N-fluoropropyl (4), and N-fluorobutyl (5) derivatives. The binding affinity for each compound to the human serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine transporters was determined using transfected HEK-293 cells. Radiolabeling and microPET brain imaging studies were performed with [(11)C]1, [(11)C]2, and [(18)F]3 to determine their utility as in vivo imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Stehouwer
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Jarkas N, McConathy J, Voll RJ, Goodman MM. Synthesis, in Vitro Characterization, and Radiolabeling of N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2‘-amino-4‘-substituted-phenylthio)benzylamines: Potential Candidates as Selective Serotonin Transporter Radioligands. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4254-65. [PMID: 15974579 DOI: 10.1021/jm050079o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of N,N-dimethylated and N-monomethylated analogues of N,N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-iodophenylthio)benzylamine substituted at the 4'-phenyl position have been prepared and evaluated in vitro for serotonin transporter (SERT) selectivity. Several derivatives were prepared where the 4'-position was either unsubstituted 13 and 33a or substituted with methyl 14a and 33b, ethenyl 14b and 34, ethyl 16 and 35, hydroxymethyl 20 and 41, hydroxyethyl 22, fluoroethyl 23, hydroxypropyl 27, and fluoropropyl 28. Competition binding in cells stably expressing the transfected human SERT, dopamine transporter (DAT), and norepinephrine transporter (NET) using [(3)H]citalopram, [(3)H]WIN 35,428 or [(125)I]RTI-55, and [(3)H]nisoxetine, respectively, demonstrated the following order of SERT affinity (K(i) (nM)): 14a (0.25) > 16 (0.49) > 20 (0.57) > 14b (1.12) > 13 (1.59) > 33b (1.94) = 35 (2.04) >> 23 (8.50) = 28 (8.55) > 41 (15.11) >> 22 (51) > 33a (83.43) > 27 (92). The K(i) values revealed that most of these derivatives displayed a high affinity for the SERT and a high selectivity over the DAT and NET. Moreover, substitution at the 4'-position of the dimethylated and monomethylated benzylamines differently influenced SERT binding: (i) the dimethylated benzylamines exhibited higher SERT affinity than the monomethylated ones, (ii) alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxymethyl functions at the 4'-position afford compounds with high SERT affinity, and (iii) omega-hydroxy and fluoro-substituted ethyl and propyl groups at the 4'-position decrease the SERT affinity. From this series, the dimethylated derivatives 13, 14a, 14b, 16, and 20 were radiolabeled with carbon-11 and their log P(7.4) was calculated as a measure of their potential brain penetrance as positron emission tomography SERT imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachwa Jarkas
- Division of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Huang Y, Bae SA, Zhu Z, Guo N, Roth BL, Laruelle M. Fluorinated diaryl sulfides as serotonin transporter ligands: synthesis, structure-activity relationship study, and in vivo evaluation of fluorine-18-labeled compounds as PET imaging agents. J Med Chem 2005; 48:2559-70. [PMID: 15801845 DOI: 10.1021/jm0400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of new, fluorine-containing substituted diphenyl sulfides was synthesized to serve as candidate ligands for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of the serotonin transporter (SERT) and to further probe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of this class of compounds. Candidate compounds were assayed for their affinities to the monoamine transporters (SERT, norepinephrine transporter (NET), and dopamine transporter (DAT)) in competitive binding experiments in vitro using cloned human transporters. From these in vitro assays, four compounds (7c-f) were chosen for further evaluation. All four compounds have nanomolar affinity for SERT (K(i) 1.46 nM, 1.04 nM,1.83 nM, and 3.58 nM for 7c, 7d, 7e, and 7f, respectively). The F-18-labeled compounds, 16 and 18a-c, were prepared via a two-step radiosynthesis. Biodistribution studies in rats indicated that the F-18-labeled compounds localized in brain regions with high concentrations of SERT. Furthermore, competition experiments demonstrated that the binding of these radioligands in the rat brain was saturable, specific, and selective to SERT. Specific binding in the rat hypothalamus peaked at 5.6 for ligand 16 and 4.4 for 18b at 90 min after radioactivity administration. For ligand 18a, this same ratio was 8.4 at 120 min postinjection, while compound 18c displayed a lower specific binding ratio of 2.4. In summary, four F-18-labeled ligands were prepared and evaluated as candidate PET imaging agents for SERT. Among these four ligands, three appear to be promising radioligands suitable for the labeling of SERT in vivo, with 18a providing a higher specific binding in vivo than 16 or 18b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Jarkas N, Votaw JR, Voll RJ, Williams L, Camp VM, Owens MJ, Purselle DC, Bremner JD, Kilts CD, Nemeroff CB, Goodman MM. Carbon-11 HOMADAM: A novel PET radiotracer for imaging serotonin transporters. Nucl Med Biol 2005; 32:211-24. [PMID: 15820756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2004] [Revised: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Carbon-11-labeled N,N-dimethyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine (HOMADAM) was synthesized as a new serotonin transporter (SERT) imaging agent. METHODS Carbon-11 was introduced into HOMADAM by preparation of N-methyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine followed by alkylation with carbon-11 iodomethane. Binding affinities of HOMADAM and the radiolabeling substrate, N-methyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine, were determined in cDNA transfected cells expressing human SERT, dopamine transporters (DAT) and norepinephrine transporters NET using [3H]citalopram, [(125)I]RTI-55 and [3H]nisoxetine, respectively. MicroPET brain imaging was performed in monkeys. Arterial plasma metabolites of HOMADAM were analyzed in a rhesus monkey by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS HOMADAM displayed high affinity for the SERT (Ki = 0.6 nM). N-methyl-2-(2'-amino-4'-hydroxymethylphenylthio)benzylamine displayed moderate affinity for the SERT (Ki = 15.11 nM). The affinities of HOMADAM for the DAT and NET were 2000- and 253-fold lower, respectively, than for the SERT. [11C]HOMADAM was prepared from [11C]iodomethane in approximately 25% radiochemical yield (decay-corrected to end of bombardment). MicroPET brain imaging studies in monkeys demonstrated that [11C]HOMADAM uptake was selectively localized in the midbrain, thalamus, pons, caudate, putamen and medulla. The midbrain-to-cerebellum, pons-to-cerebellum, thalamus-to-cerebellum and putamen-to-cerebellum ratios at 85 min were 4.2, 2.8, 2.3 and 2.0, respectively. HOMADAM binding achieved quasi-equilibrium at 45 min. Radioactivity in the SERT-rich regions of monkey brain was displaceable with R,S-citalopram. Radioactivity in the DAT-rich regions of monkey brain was not displaceable with the DAT ligand RTI-113. Radioactivity in the SERT-rich regions of monkey brain was displaceable with the R,S-reboxetine, a NET ligand with a high nanomolar affinity for SERT. Arterial plasma metabolites of HOMADAM were analyzed in a rhesus monkey by HPLC and displayed a single peak that corresponded to unmetabolized HOMADAM. CONCLUSION HOMADAM is an excellent candidate for PET primate imaging of brain SERTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachwa Jarkas
- Center for Positron Emission Tomography, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Scott Mason N, Mathis CA. Positron Emission Tomography Agents for Central Nervous System Drug Development Applications. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(05)40004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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