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Pavan AR, Terroni B, Dos Santos JL. Endothelial dysfunction in Sickle Cell Disease: Strategies for the treatment. Nitric Oxide 2024; 149:7-17. [PMID: 38806107 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA), is an inherited hemoglobinopathy characterized by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin (HbS), being the most prevalent sickle cell disease (SCD). SCA is characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction, which contributes significantly to various clinical conditions, including but not limited to pulmonary hypertension, priapism, cutaneous leg ulceration, and stroke. The pathophysiology of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in SCA is a multifaceted process involving a chronic inflammatory and hypercoagulable state. Key factors include hemolysis-associated elements like reduced arginine and nitric oxide (NO) availability, elevated levels of vascular adhesion molecules, the uncoupling effect of NO synthase, heightened arginase activity, an environment characterized by oxidative stress with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and occurrences of ischemia-reperfusion injury, along with apolipoprotein A-1 depletion. The urgency for novel interventions addressing ED is evident. Presently, there is a focus on investigating small molecules that disrupt the arginine-nitric oxide pathway, exhibiting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while diminishing levels of cellular and vascular adhesion molecules. In this mini-review article, we delve into the progress made in strategies for treating ED in SCD with the aim of cultivating insights for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Renata Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Brazil.
| | - Barbara Terroni
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, Brazil
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2
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Michalski R, Smulik-Izydorczyk R, Pięta J, Rola M, Artelska A, Pierzchała K, Zielonka J, Kalyanaraman B, Sikora AB. The Chemistry of HNO: Mechanisms and Reaction Kinetics. Front Chem 2022; 10:930657. [PMID: 35864868 PMCID: PMC9294461 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.930657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Azanone (HNO, also known as nitroxyl) is the protonated form of the product of one-electron reduction of nitric oxide (•NO), and an elusive electrophilic reactive nitrogen species of increasing pharmacological significance. Over the past 20 years, the interest in the biological chemistry of HNO has increased significantly due to the numerous beneficial pharmacological effects of its donors. Increased availability of various HNO donors was accompanied by great progress in the understanding of HNO chemistry and chemical biology. This review is focused on the chemistry of HNO, with emphasis on reaction kinetics and mechanisms in aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Michalski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Rola
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Angelika Artelska
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Pierzchała
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Adam Bartłomiej Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
- *Correspondence: Adam Bartłomiej Sikora,
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3
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Mathematical Modeling of Hydroxyurea Therapy in Individuals with Sickle Cell Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051065. [PMID: 35631651 PMCID: PMC9144420 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hemolytic anemia affecting millions worldwide with acute and chronic clinical manifestations and early mortality. While hydroxyurea (HU) and other treatment strategies managed to ameliorate disease severity, high inter-individual variability in clinical response and a lack of an ability to predict those variations need to be addressed to maximize the clinical efficacy of HU. We developed pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) models to study the dosing, efficacy, toxicity, and clinical response of HU treatment in more than eighty children with SCD. The clinical PK parameters were used to model the HU plasma concentration for a 24 h period, and the estimated daily average HU plasma concentration was used as an input to our PD models with approximately 1 to 9 years of data connecting drug exposure with drug response. We modeled the biomarkers mean cell volume and fetal hemoglobin to study treatment efficacy. For myelosuppression, we modeled red blood cells and absolute neutrophil count. Our models provided excellent fits for individuals with known or correctly inferred adherence. Our models can be used to determine the optimal dosing regimens and study the effect of non-adherence on HU-treated individuals.
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4
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Dependency in Hydroxyurea Inhibition of Erythroid Progenitor Growth. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081145. [PMID: 34440315 PMCID: PMC8391407 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) causes nitric oxide (NO) bioactivation, acting as both a NO donor and a stimulator of NO synthase (NOS). To examine whether HU effects are NO mediated by chemical degradation or enzymatic induction, we studied human and mouse erythroid cells during proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The HU and NO donor demonstrated persisted versus temporary inhibition of erythroid cell growth during differentiation, as observed by γ- and β-globin gene expression. HU decreased the percentage of erythroleukemic K562 cells in the G2/M phase that was reversed by N-nitro l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Besides activation of endothelial NOS, HU significantly increased apoptosis of K562 cells, again demonstrating NOS dependence. Administration of HU to mice significantly inhibited colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E), mediated by NOS. Moreover, burst-forming-units-erythroid (BFU-E) and CFU-E ex vivo growth was inhibited by the administration of nitrate or nitrite to mice. Chronic in vivo NOS inhibition with L-NAME protected the bone marrow cellularity despite HU treatment of mice. NO metabolites and HU reduced the frequency of NOS-positive cells from CFU-E and BFU-E colonies that was reverted by NOS inhibition. HU regulation of the G2/M phase, apoptosis, differentiation, cellularity, and NOS immunoreactive cells was NOS dependent. Inhalation of NO therapy as well as strategies to increase endogenous NO production could replace or enhance HU activity.
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5
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Fujii J, Homma T, Kobayashi S, Warang P, Madkaikar M, Mukherjee MB. Erythrocytes as a preferential target of oxidative stress in blood. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:562-580. [PMID: 33427524 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1873318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) are specifically differentiated to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and they lack most organelles, including mitochondria. The autoxidation of hemoglobin constitutes a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nitric oxide, which is produced by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) or via the hemoglobin-mediated conversion of nitrite, interacts with ROS and results in the production of reactive nitrogen oxide species. Herein we present an overview of anemic diseases that are closely related to oxidative damage. Because the compensation of proteins by means of gene expression does not proceed in enucleated cells, antioxidative and redox systems play more important roles in maintaining the homeostasis of RBC against oxidative insult compared to ordinary cells. Defects in hemoglobin and enzymes that are involved in energy production and redox reactions largely trigger oxidative damage to RBC. The results of studies using genetically modified mice suggest that antioxidative enzymes, notably superoxide dismutase 1 and peroxiredoxin 2, play essential roles in coping with oxidative damage in erythroid cells, and their absence limits erythropoiesis, the life-span of RBC and consequently results in the development of anemia. The degeneration of the machinery involved in the proteolytic removal of damaged proteins appears to be associated with hemolytic events. The ubiquitin-proteasome system is the dominant machinery, not only for the proteolytic removal of damaged proteins in erythroid cells but also for the development of erythropoiesis. Hence, despite the fact that it is less abundant in RBC compared to ordinary cells, the aberrant ubiquitin-proteasome system may be associated with the development of anemic diseases via the accumulation of damaged proteins, as typified in sickle cell disease, and impaired erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Prashant Warang
- ICMR - National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
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6
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Yahouédéhou SCMA, Neres JSDS, da Guarda CC, Carvalho SP, Santiago RP, Figueiredo CVB, Fiuza LM, Ndidi US, de Oliveira RM, Fonseca CA, Nascimento VML, Rocha LC, Adanho CSA, da Rocha TSC, Adorno EV, Goncalves MS. Sickle Cell Anemia: Variants in the CYP2D6, CAT, and SLC14A1 Genes Are Associated With Improved Hydroxyurea Response. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:553064. [PMID: 33013391 PMCID: PMC7510454 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.553064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in hydroxyurea response in sickle cell anemia may arise due to a series of factors with genetic factors appearing to be predominant. This study aims to investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and solute carriers on hydroxyurea response, in patients with sickle cell anemia. For that purpose, a total number of 90 patients with sickle cell anemia were recruited, 45 were undergoing hydroxyurea treatment, while 45 were not under the treatment. Association analyses were performed between CYP3A4 (rs2740574), CYP2D6 (rs3892097), CAT (rs7943316 and rs1001179), and SLC14A1 (rs2298720) variants and laboratory parameters. According to our findings, patients with hydroxyurea treatment demonstrated higher HbF levels and a significant improvement in hemolytic, hepatic, inflammatory, and lipid parameters in comparison to those without the treatment. We also found significant associations between the CYP2D6 (rs3892097), CAT (rs7943316 and rs1001179), and SLC14A1 (rs2298720) variants and an improvement of the therapeutic effects, specifically the hemolytic, hepatic, inflammatory, lipid, and renal parameters. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of the investigated variants, and their strong association with hydroxyurea efficacy in patients with sickle cell anemia, which may be considered in the future as genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sètondji Cocou Modeste Alexandre Yahouédéhou
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Caroline Conceição da Guarda
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Suellen Pinheiro Carvalho
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rayra Pereira Santiago
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camylla Vilas Boas Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Luciana Magalhães Fiuza
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Mota de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Alves Fonseca
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisângela Vitória Adorno
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Laboratório de Investigação em Genética e Hematologia Translacional, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa em Anemia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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7
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Santana SS, Pitanga TN, de Santana JM, Zanette DL, Vieira JDJ, Yahouédéhou SCMA, Adanho CSA, Viana SDM, Luz NF, Borges VM, Goncalves MS. Hydroxyurea Scavenges Free Radicals and Induces the Expression of Antioxidant Genes in Human Cell Cultures Treated With Hemin. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32765515 PMCID: PMC7380266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The excessive release of heme during hemolysis contributes to the severity of sickle cell anemia (SCA) by exacerbating hemoglobin S (HbS) autoxidation, inflammation and systemic tissue damage. The present study investigated the effect of hydroxyurea (HU) on free radical neutralization and its stimulation of antioxidant genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the presence or absence of hemin. HU (100 and 200 μM) significantly reduced the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hemin at 70 μM in HUVEC. HUVECs treated with HU+hemin presented significant increases in nitric oxide (NO) production in culture supernatants. HU alone or in combination with hemin promoted the induction of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) and glutathione disulfide-reductase (GSR) in HUVECs and PBMCs, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) in PBMCs. Microarray analysis performed in HUVECs indicated that HU induces increased expression of genes involved in the antioxidant response system: SOD2, GSR, microsomal glutathione S-transferase (MGST1), glutathione S-transferase mu 2 (GSTM2), carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) and klotho B (KLB). Significant increases in expression were observed in genes with kinase activity: protein kinase C beta (PRKCB), zeta (PRKCZ) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 beta (PIK3C2B). HU also induced a significant increase in expression of the gene p62/sequestosome (p62/SQSTM1) and a significant decrease in the expression of the transcriptional factor BACH1 in HUVECs. Upstream analysis predicted the activation of Jun, miR-155-5p and mir-141-3p. These results suggest that HU directly scavenges free radicals and induces the expression of antioxidant genes via induction of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sânzio Silva Santana
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Biomedicina, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Thassila Nogueira Pitanga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Biomedicina, Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSal), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nivea Farias Luz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valeria Matos Borges
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda Souza Goncalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/FIOCRUZ-BA), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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8
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Chatterjee D. Chemistry of Ru(edta) complexes relevant to oxidoreductase mimicking: a personal perspective. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04349d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article chronicles the enzyme mimicking chemistry of Ru(edta) complexes (edta4− = ethylenediaminetetraacetate) in regard to small molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Chatterjee
- Vice-Chancellor's Research Group at Zoology Department
- University of Burdwan
- Burdwan
- India
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9
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Piccin A, Murphy C, Eakins E, Rondinelli MB, Daves M, Vecchiato C, Wolf D, Mc Mahon C, Smith OP. Insight into the complex pathophysiology of sickle cell anaemia and possible treatment. Eur J Haematol 2019; 102:319-330. [PMID: 30664257 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is the consequence of abnormal haemoglobin production due to an inherited point mutation in the β-globin gene. The resulting haemoglobin tetramer is poorly soluble when deoxygenated, and when this is prolonged, intracellular gelation of sickle haemoglobin occurs, followed by haemoglobin polymerisation. If many cycles of sickling and unsickling occur, the red cell membrane will be disrupted leading to haemolysis and vaso-occlusive events. Recent studies have also shown that leucocyte adhesion molecules and nitric oxide (NO) depletion are involved in endothelial damage. New insights in SCA pathophysiology and vascular biology have shown that cell-derived microparticle (MP) generation is also involved in the vaso-occlusion. Endothelial damage is perpetuated by impaired production or increased consumption of protective modulators such as protein C, protein S and NO. New therapeutic interventions should address these aspects of SCA pathogenesis. To date, the only US-FDA-approved therapy to prevent painful vaso-occulsive episodes is hydroxyurea that reduces haemoglobin polymerisation in sickle cells by increasing the production of foetal haemoglobin and L-glutamine. However, several new drugs have been tested in the last years in randomised clinical trials. We here report an update on the current status of knowledge on SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piccin
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Internal Medicine V, University of Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria.,Transfusion Service, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy.,Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Elva Eakins
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Massimo Daves
- Transfusion Service, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Vecchiato
- Transfusion Service, San Maurizio Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Dominik Wolf
- Internal Medicine V, University of Medicine, Innsbruck, Austria.,Medical Clinic 3, Oncology, Hematology, Immunoncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Corrina Mc Mahon
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Owen P Smith
- Department of Paediatric Haematology, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common inherited diseases and is associated with a reduced life expectancy and acute and chronic complications, including frequent painful vaso-occlusive episodes that often require hospitalization. At present, treatment of SCD is limited to hematopoietic stem cell transplant, transfusion, and limited options for pharmacotherapy, based principally on hydroxyurea therapy. This review highlights the importance of intracellular cGMP-dependent signaling pathways in SCD pathophysiology; modulation of these pathways with soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulators or phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors could potentially provide vasorelaxation and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as elevate levels of anti-sickling fetal hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Conran
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas – UNICAMP,
Cidade Universitária, Campinas-SP 13083-878-SP, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Torres
- Hematology Center, University of Campinas – UNICAMP,
Cidade Universitária, Campinas-SP 13083-878-SP, Brazil
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11
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Shi Y, Zhang Y. Mechanisms of HNO Reactions with Ferric Heme Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16654-16658. [PMID: 30347123 PMCID: PMC6522253 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many HNO-scavenging pathways exist to regulate its biological and pharmacological activities. Such reactions often involve ferric heme proteins and form an important basis for HNO probe development. However, mechanisms of HNO reactions with ferric heme proteins are largely unknown. We performed a computational investigation using metmyoglobin and catalase as representative ferric heme proteins with neutral and negatively charged axial ligands to provide the first detailed pathways. The results reproduced experimental barriers well with an average error of 0.11 kcal mol-1 . The rate-limiting step was found to be dissociation of the resting ligand or HNO coordination when there is no resting ligand. For both heme proteins, in contrast to the non-heme case, the reductive nitrosylation step was found to be barrierless proton-coupled electron transfer, which provides the major thermodynamic driving force for the overall reaction. The origin of the difference in reactivity between metmyoglobin and catalase was also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelu Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1 Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
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12
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13
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Yahouédéhou SCMA, Adorno EV, da Guarda CC, Ndidi US, Carvalho SP, Santiago RP, Aleluia MM, de Oliveira RM, Gonçalves MDS. Hydroxyurea in the management of sickle cell disease: pharmacogenomics and enzymatic metabolism. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2018; 18:730-739. [DOI: 10.1038/s41397-018-0045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Warang P, Homma T, Pandya R, Sawant A, Shinde N, Pandey D, Fujii J, Madkaikar M, Mukherjee MB. Potential involvement of ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction associated with oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2018; 182:559-566. [PMID: 29974957 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an important intracellular proteolytic pathway responsible for the degradation of proteins and oxidative damage; hence it plays a central role in maintaining homeostasis of red blood cells (RBCs). The present study investigated the levels of polyubiquitination, the function of proteasomes and effect of hydroxycarbamide (HC) therapy in RBCs from sickle cell disease (SCD) patients. Polyubiquitinated proteins were found to be elevated in untreated SCD (UT-SCD) patients compared to those in HC-treated SCD patients (HC-SCD) and controls. Activities of β1 and β2 subunits were a little higher in UT-SCD patients, and much higher proteolytic activities were observed in all three subunits (β1, β2 and β5) of RBCs in HC-SCD patients compared to those of UT-SCD patients and controls, although the protein levels of these subunits remained approximately the same. It is notable that, despite HC therapy, some patients showed persistent complications and accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. The enhanced proteasomal activity among HC-treated patients might remove the polyubiquitinated protein and could be one of the important mechanisms of therapeutic action. These findings could be useful to understand the pathophysiology of SCD and its clinical heterogeneity and identify a suitable therapeutic target for the better management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Warang
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Riddhi Pandya
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
| | - Anuja Sawant
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikhil Shinde
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
| | - Debjeet Pandey
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Manisha Madkaikar
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
| | - Malay B Mukherjee
- Department of Haematogenetics, National Institute of Immunohaematology, ICMR, Mumbai, India
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15
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Replication Rapidly Recovers and Continues in the Presence of Hydroxyurea in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00713-17. [PMID: 29263100 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00713-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, hydroxyurea is suggested to inhibit DNA replication by inactivating ribonucleotide reductase and depleting deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools. In this study, we show that the inhibition of replication in Escherichia coli is transient even at concentrations of 0.1 M hydroxyurea and that replication rapidly recovers and continues in its presence. The recovery of replication does not require the alternative ribonucleotide reductases NrdEF and NrdDG or the translesion DNA polymerases II (Pol II), Pol IV, and Pol V. Ribonucleotides are incorporated at higher frequencies during replication in the presence of hydroxyurea. However, they do not contribute significantly to the observed synthesis or toxicity. Hydroxyurea toxicity was observed only under conditions where the stability of hydroxyurea was compromised and by-products known to damage DNA directly were allowed to accumulate. The results demonstrate that hydroxyurea is not a direct or specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis in vivo and that the transient inhibition observed is most likely due to a general depletion of iron cofactors from enzymes when 0.1 M hydroxyurea is initially applied. Finally, the results support previous studies suggesting that hydroxyurea toxicity is mediated primarily through direct DNA damage induced by the breakdown products of hydroxyurea, rather than by inhibition of replication or depletion of deoxyribonucleotide levels in the cell.IMPORTANCE Hydroxyurea is commonly suggested to function by inhibiting DNA replication through the inactivation of ribonucleotide reductase and depleting deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools. Here, we show that hydroxyurea only transiently inhibits replication in Escherichia coli before replication rapidly recovers and continues in the presence of the drug. The recovery of replication does not depend on alternative ribonucleotide reductases, translesion synthesis, or RecA. Further, we show that hydroxyurea toxicity is observed only in the presence of toxic intermediates that accumulate when hydroxyurea breaks down, damage DNA, and induce lethality. The results demonstrate that hydroxyurea toxicity is mediated indirectly by the formation of DNA damage, rather than by inhibition of replication or depletion of deoxyribonucleotide levels in the cell.
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Bolden C, King SB, Kim-Shapiro DB. Reactions between nitrosopersulfide and heme proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:418-425. [PMID: 27609224 PMCID: PMC5107148 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
When nitrosothiols react with excess hydrogen sulfide, H2S, they form several intermediates including nitrosopersulfide (SSNO-). The stability and importance of this species has been debated. While some data suggest SSNO- can be a relatively stable source of NO activity, others suggest that the species degrades too quickly. We find the species to be relatively stable in isolation. Due to the abundance and prominence of iron-containing proteins throughout the human body, it is important to establish the interaction of ferrous- and ferric-iron containing proteins with SSNO-. Study of the reactions of SSNO- with heme proteins can also provide information about the potential in vivo stability and spontaneous reactivity of this species. We have used time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy to study the reactions of SSNO- with heme proteins. Iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin is formed when SSNO- is reacted with deoxyhemoglobin and deoxygenated methemoglobin, suggesting NO formation from SSNO-. However, the yields of nitrosyl hemoglobin in reactions of SSNO- with deoxyhemoglobin are much less than when SSNO- is reacted with deoxygenated methemoglobin. Very little to no nitrosyl hemoglobin is formed when SSNO- is reacted carboxyhemoglobin, HbCO, and when SSNO- is reacted with oxygenated hemoglobin, minimal methemoglobin is formed Taken together, these data confirm the release of NO, but indicate a vacant heme is necessary to facilitate a direct heme-SSNO- reaction to form substantial NO. These data also suggest that the ferric iron in methemoglobin potentiates SSNO- reactivity. These results could potentially impact NO and sulfide bioavailability and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Bolden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA; Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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Miao Z, King SB. Recent advances in the chemical biology of nitroxyl (HNO) detection and generation. Nitric Oxide 2016; 57:1-14. [PMID: 27108951 PMCID: PMC4910183 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl or azanone (HNO) represents the redox-related (one electron reduced and protonated) relative of the well-known biological signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Despite the close structural similarity to NO, defined biological roles and endogenous formation of HNO remain unclear due to the high reactivity of HNO with itself, soft nucleophiles and transition metals. While significant work has been accomplished in terms of the physiology, biology and chemistry of HNO, important and clarifying work regarding HNO detection and formation has occurred within the last 10 years. This review summarizes advances in the areas of HNO detection and donation and their application to normal and pathological biology. Such chemical biological tools allow a deeper understanding of biological HNO formation and the role that HNO plays in a variety of physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
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Nitroxyl (HNO): A Reduced Form of Nitric Oxide with Distinct Chemical, Pharmacological, and Therapeutic Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:4867124. [PMID: 26770654 PMCID: PMC4685437 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4867124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO), the one-electron reduced form of nitric oxide (NO), shows a distinct chemical and biological profile from that of NO. HNO is currently being viewed as a vasodilator and positive inotropic agent that can be used as a potential treatment for heart failure. The ability of HNO to react with thiols and thiol containing proteins is largely used to explain the possible biological actions of HNO. Herein, we summarize different aspects related to HNO including HNO donors, chemistry, biology, and methods used for its detection.
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Xu GG, Deshpande TM, Ghatge MS, Mehta AY, Omar ASM, Ahmed MH, Venitz J, Abdulmalik O, Zhang Y, Safo MK. Design, Synthesis, and Investigation of Novel Nitric Oxide (NO)-Releasing Prodrugs as Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Ischemic Disorders: Insights into NO-Releasing Prodrug Biotransformation and Hemoglobin-NO Biochemistry. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7178-92. [PMID: 26582149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed novel nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prodrugs of efaproxiral (RSR13) for their potential therapeutic applications in a variety of diseases with underlying ischemia. RSR13 is an allosteric effector of hemoglobin (Hb) that decreases the protein's affinity for oxygen, thereby increasing tissue oxygenation. NO, because of its vasodilatory property, in the form of ester prodrugs has been found to be useful in managing several cardiovascular diseases by increasing blood flow and oxygenation in ischemic tissues. We synthesized three NO-donor ester derivatives of RSR13 (DD-1, DD-2, and DD-3) by attaching the NO-releasing moieties nitrooxyethyl, nitrooxypropyl, and 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, respectively, to the carboxylate of RSR13. In vitro studies demonstrated that the compounds released NO in a time-dependent manner upon being incubated with l-cysteine (1.8-9.3%) or human serum (2.3-52.5%) and also reduced the affinity of Hb for oxygen in whole blood (ΔP50 of 4.9-21.7 mmHg vs ΔP50 of 25.4-32.1 mmHg for RSR13). Crystallographic studies showed RSR13, the hydrolysis product of the reaction between DD-1 and deoxygenated Hb, bound to the central water cavity of Hb. Also, the hydrolysis product, NO, was observed exclusively bound to the two α hemes, the first such HbNO structure to be reported, capturing the previously proposed physiological bis-ligated nitrosylHb species. Finally, nitrate was observed bound to βHis97. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the compounds incubated with matrices used for the various studies demonstrated the presence of the predicted reaction products. Our findings, beyond the potential therapeutic application, provide valuable insights into the biotransformation of NO-releasing prodrugs and their mechanism of action and into hemoglobin-NO biochemistry at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdel Sattar M Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University , Alsulaymanyah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | | | - Osheiza Abdulmalik
- Division of Hematology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Barbosa MC, de Jesus dos Santos TE, dos Santos TN, Pedrosa AM, Elias DBD, Leal LKAM, de Araújo Lopes A, Sasahara GL, Gonçalves Lemes RP. The Effect of a Selective Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase-9 on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cytotoxicity in Neutrophils from Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:271-8. [PMID: 26346295 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of BAY 73-6691 on neutrophils from SCA patients. This study included 35 patients with a molecular diagnosis of SCA, whose neutrophils were isolated and treated with BAY 73-6691 at the concentrations 100, 10, 1.0 and 0.1 μg/mL. LDH release and MTT assays were performed to verify cell viability. To evaluate oxidative stress, the following parameters were determined by spectrophotometric assays: NO and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). As inflammatory markers, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were evaluated by colorimetric assay and TNF-α by enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that neutrophils from SCA patients not treated with hydroxyurea (HU) had significantly lower NO levels and catalase and SOD activity, as well as significantly higher MDA, MPO and TNF-α levels when compared with neutrophils from SCA patients treated with HU and neutrophils from control group. Treatment of SCA neutrophils with BAY 73-6691 resulted in 94%, 200% and 168% increase in NOx levels, SOD and catalase activity, respectively. In addition, there was a reduction of approximately 46% and 45% in TNF-α and MPO levels, respectively. In SCAHU neutrophils, there was a 30% and 44% increase in NOx levels and SOD activity, respectively, and a 28% and 37% decrease in TNF-α and MPO levels, respectively. However, these effects were observed at cytotoxic doses only. The results of this study are original and demonstrate that inhibition of phosphodiesterase-9 in neutrophils from SCA patients with BAY 73-6691 was able to increase the NO bioavailability and attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation in neutrophils from patients not treated with HU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Cavalcante Barbosa
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Talyta Ellen de Jesus dos Santos
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Thayna Nogueira dos Santos
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Alano Martins Pedrosa
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Darcielle Bruna Dias Elias
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Araújo Lopes
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Greyce Luri Sasahara
- Center for Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Studies, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves Lemes
- Research Laboratory of Hemoglobinopathies and Genetics of Hematologic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Goldstein S, Samuni A. Oxidation Mechanism of Hydroxamic Acids Forming HNO and NO. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Chatterjee D, Franke A, Oszajca M, van Eldik R. RuIII(edta) mediated oxidation of azide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Azide versus peroxide activation. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3087-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52486h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Silva DGH, Belini Junior E, de Almeida EA, Bonini-Domingos CR. Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease: an overview of erythrocyte redox metabolism and current antioxidant therapeutic strategies. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1101-1109. [PMID: 24002011 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Erythrocytes have an environment of continuous pro-oxidant generation due to the presence of hemoglobin (Hb), which represents an additional and quantitatively significant source of superoxide (O2(-)) generation in biological systems. To counteract oxidative stress, erythrocytes have a self-sustaining antioxidant defense system. Thus, red blood cells uniquely function to protect Hb via a selective barrier allowing gaseous and other ligand transport as well as providing antioxidant protection not only to themselves but also to other tissues and organs in the body. Sickle hemoglobin molecules suffer repeated polymerization/depolymerization generating greater amounts of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to a cyclic cascade characterized by blood cell adhesion, hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In other words, sickle cell disease is intimately linked to a pathophysiologic condition of multiple sources of pro-oxidant processes with consequent chronic and systemic oxidative stress. For this reason, newer therapeutic agents that can target oxidative stress may constitute a valuable means for preventing or delaying the development of organ complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Grunig Humberto Silva
- Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Biology, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho," 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Aquatic Contamination Biomarkers, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho," 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edis Belini Junior
- Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Biology, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho," 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Laboratory of Aquatic Contamination Biomarkers, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho," 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Regina Bonini-Domingos
- Hemoglobin and Hematologic Genetic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Biology, Sao Paulo State University "Julio de Mesquita Filho," 15054-000 Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Vankayala SL, Hargis JC, Woodcock HL. How does catalase release nitric oxide? A computational structure-activity relationship study. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2951-61. [PMID: 24087936 DOI: 10.1021/ci400395c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is the only FDA approved medication for treating sickle cell disease in adults. The primary mechanism of action is pharmacological elevation of nitric oxide (NO) levels which induces propagation of fetal hemoglobin. HU is known to undergo redox reactions with heme based enzymes like hemoglobin and catalase to produce NO. However, specific details about the HU based NO release remain unknown. Experimental studies indicate that interaction of HU with human catalase compound I produces NO. Presently, we combine flexible receptor-flexible substrate induced fit docking (IFD) with energy decomposition analyses to examine the atomic level details of a possible key step in the clinical conversion of HU to NO. Substrate binding modes of nine HU analogs with catalase compound I were investigated to determine the essential properties necessary for effective NO release. Three major binding orientations were found that provide insight into the possible reaction mechanisms for producing NO. Further results show that anion/radical intermediates produced as part of these mechanisms would be stabilized by hydrogen bonding interactions from distal residues His75, Asn148, Gln168, and oxoferryl-heme. These details will ideally contribute to both a clearer mechanistic picture and provide insights for future structure based drug design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Lakshmana Vankayala
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, CHE205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250, United States
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Jackson MI, Fields HF, Lujan TS, Cantrell MM, Lin J, Fukuto JM. The effects of nitroxyl (HNO) on H₂O₂ metabolism and possible mechanisms of HNO signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 538:120-9. [PMID: 23988348 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) possesses unique and potentially important biological/physiological activity that is currently mechanistically ill-defined. Previous work has shown that the likely biological targets for HNO are thiol proteins, oxidized metalloproteins (i.e. ferric heme proteins) and, most likely, selenoproteins. Interestingly, these are the same classes of proteins that interact with H2O2. In fact, these classes of proteins not only react with H2O2, and thus potentially responsible for the signaling actions of H2O2, but are also responsible for the degradation of H2O2. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to speculate that HNO can affect H2O2 degradation by interacting with H2O2-degrading proteins possibly leading to an increase in H2O2-mediated signaling. Moreover, considering the commonality between HNO and H2O2 biological targets, it also seems likely that HNO-mediated signaling can also be due to reactivity at otherwise H2O2-reactive sites. Herein, it is found that HNO does indeed inhibit H2O2 degradation via inhibition of H2O2-metaboilizing proteins. Also, it is found that in a system known to be regulated by H2O2 (T cell activation), HNO behaves similarly to H2O2, indicating that HNO- and H2O2-signaling may be similar and/or intimately related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I Jackson
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, UCLA School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Santos FKDS, Maia CN. Patients with sickle cell disease taking hydroxyurea in the Hemocentro Regional de Montes Claros. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2013; 33:105-9. [PMID: 23284256 PMCID: PMC3520633 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20110029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of therapies for sickle cell disease has received special attention, particularly those that reduce the polymerization of hemoglobin S. Hydroxyurea is a commonly used medication because it has the ability to raise levels of fetal hemoglobin, decrease the frequency of vaso-occlusive episodes and thus improve the clinical course of sickle cell disease patients. Objective To study hematological data and the clinical profile of sickle cell disease patients taking hydroxyurea in a regional blood center. Methods From the charts of 20 patients with sickle cell anemia, the clinical outcomes and a number of hematological variables were analyzed before and during treatment with hydroxyurea. Results The patients' ages ranged from 6 to 41 years old, most were dark skinned and there was a predominance of women. The main symptom that defined whether patients were prescribed hydroxyurea was painful crises followed by hospitalizations. During treatment with hydroxyurea there were significant increases in hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The reticulocyte and white blood cell counts dropped significantly with treatment. A positive correlation was found between fetal hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume before and during treatment. Additionally, a correlation was found between the white blood cell and reticulocyte counts before treatment with hydroxyurea. Conclusion Most patients showed improvements with treatment as demonstrated by increases in hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume, as well as by reductions in the reticulocyte and white blood cell counts. Clinically, more than 50% of patients had a significant reduction of events.
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Marazzi M, López-Delgado A, Fernández-González MA, Castaño O, Frutos LM, Temprado M. Modulating Nitric Oxide Release by S-Nitrosothiol Photocleavage: Mechanism and Substituent Effects. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7039-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304707n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marazzi
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto López-Delgado
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Obis Castaño
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Frutos
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Temprado
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Samuni Y, Samuni U, Goldstein S. The mechanism underlying nitroxyl and nitric oxide formation from hydroxamic acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1560-6. [PMID: 22634736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pharmacological effects of hydroxamic acids (RC(O)NHOH, HX) are partially attributed to their ability to serve as HNO and/or NO donors under oxidative stress. Given the development and use of HXs as therapeutic agents, elucidation of the oxidation mechanism is needed for more educated selection of HX-based drugs. METHODS Acetohydroxamic and glycine-hydroxamic acids were oxidized at pH 7.0 by a continuous flux of radiolytically generated (·)OH or by metmyoglobin and H(2)O(2) reactions system. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic methods were used to monitor the accumulation of N(2)O, N(2), nitrite and hydroxylamine. RESULTS Oxidation of HXs by (·)OH under anoxia yields N(2)O, but not nitrite, N(2) or hydroxylamine. Upon the addition of H(2)O(2) to solutions containing HX and metmyoglobin, which is instantaneously and continuously converted into compound II, nitrite and, to a lesser extent, N(2)O are accumulated under both anoxia and normoxia. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation of HXs under anoxia by a continuous flux of (·)OH, which solely oxidizes the hydroxamate moiety to RC(O)NHO(·), forms HNO. This observation implies that bimolecular decomposition of RC(O)NHO(·) competes efficiently with unimolecular decomposition processes such as internal disproportionation, hydrolysis or homolysis. Oxidation by metmyoglobin/H(2)O(2) involves relatively mild oxidants (compounds I and II). Compound I reacts with HX forming RC(O)NHO(·) and compound II, which oxidizes HX, RC(O)NHO(·), HNO and NO. The latter reaction is the main source of nitrite. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE HXs under oxidative stress release HNO, but can be considered as NO-donors provided that HNO oxidation is more efficient than its reaction with other biological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Samuni
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Brazilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
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Vankayala SL, Hargis JC, Woodcock HL. Unlocking the binding and reaction mechanism of hydroxyurea substrates as biological nitric oxide donors. J Chem Inf Model 2012; 52:1288-97. [PMID: 22519847 DOI: 10.1021/ci300035c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea is the only FDA approved treatment of sickle cell disease. It is believed that the primary mechanism of action is associated with the pharmacological elevation of nitric oxide in the blood; however, the exact details of this are still unclear. In the current work, we investigate the atomic level details of this process using a combination of flexible-ligand/flexible-receptor virtual screening coupled with energetic analysis that decomposes interaction energies. Utilizing these methods, we were able to elucidate the previously unknown substrate binding modes of a series of hydroxyurea analogs to hemoglobin and the concomitant structural changes of the enzyme. We identify a backbone carbonyl that forms a hydrogen bond with bound substrates. Our results are consistent with kinetic and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of hydroxyurea-hemoglobin reactions, and a full mechanism is proposed that offers new insights into possibly improving substrate binding and/or reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Lakshmana Vankayala
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Diversity in Drug Design, Discovery, and Delivery, University of South Floridar, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Liu N, Yin P, Chen Y, Deng Y, He L. Preparation of α-Sulfonylethanone Oximes from Oxidized Hydroxylamine. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Montenegro AC, Dabrowski SG, Gutiérrez MM, Amorebieta VT, Bari SE, Olabe JA. Catalytic oxidation of hydroxyurea to bound NO+/ NO2- mediated by pentacyano(L)ferrates. Characterization of the nitroxide radical, bound C-nitrosoformamide and NO as reaction intermediates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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dos Santos JL, Lanaro C, Lima LM, Gambero S, Franco-Penteado CF, Alexandre-Moreira MS, Wade M, Yerigenahally S, Kutlar A, Meiler SE, Costa FF, Chung M. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Hybrid Compounds To Treat Sickle Cell Disease Symptoms. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5811-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200531f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Leandro dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (Lapdesf), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km. 01, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Lanaro
- The Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Hemocentro, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480, Cidade Universitária, Barão Geraldo, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio, ), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, P.O. Box 68024, 21944-971, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sheley Gambero
- The Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Hemocentro, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480, Cidade Universitária, Barão Geraldo, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Fernanda Franco-Penteado
- The Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Hemocentro, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480, Cidade Universitária, Barão Geraldo, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Magna Suzana Alexandre-Moreira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Imunidade (LaFI), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Marlene Wade
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Shobha Yerigenahally
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Abdullah Kutlar
- Sickle Cell Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Steffen E. Meiler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Fernando Ferreira Costa
- The Haematology and Haemotherapy Centre, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Hemocentro, Rua Carlos Chagas, 480, Cidade Universitária, Barão Geraldo, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - ManChin Chung
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (Lapdesf), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km. 01, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Reisz JA, Zink CN, King SB. Rapid and selective nitroxyl (HNO) trapping by phosphines: kinetics and new aqueous ligations for HNO detection and quantitation. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11675-85. [PMID: 21699183 DOI: 10.1021/ja203652z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies distinguish the biological and pharmacological effects of nitroxyl (HNO) from its oxidized/deprotonated product nitric oxide (·NO), but the lack of HNO detection methods limits the understanding its in vivo mechanisms and the identification of endogenous sources. We previously demonstrated that reaction of HNO with triarylphosphines provides aza-ylides and HNO-derived amides, which may serve as stable HNO biomarkers. We now report a kinetic analysis for the trapping of HNO by phosphines, ligations of enzyme-generated HNO, and compatibility studies illustrating the selectivity of phosphines for HNO over other physiologically relevant nitrogen oxides. Quantification of HNO using phosphines is demonstrated using an HPLC-based assay and ligations of phosphine carbamates generate HNO-derived ureas. These results further demonstrate the potential of phosphine probes for reliable biological detection and quantification of HNO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Reisz
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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DuMond JF, King SB. The chemistry of nitroxyl-releasing compounds. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:1637-48. [PMID: 21235345 PMCID: PMC3113415 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitroxyl (HNO) demonstrates a diverse and unique biological profile compared to nitric oxide, a redox-related compound. Although numerous studies support the use of HNO as a therapeutic agent, the inherent chemical reactivity of HNO requires the use of donor molecules. Two general chemical strategies currently exist for HNO generation from nitrogen-containing molecules: (i) the disproportionation of hydroxylamine derivatives containing good leaving groups attached to the nitrogen atom and (ii) the decomposition of nitroso compounds (X-N=O, where X represents a good leaving group). This review summarizes the synthesis and structure, the HNO-releasing mechanisms, kinetics and by-product formation, and alternative reactions of six major groups of HNO donors: Angeli's salt, Piloty's acid and its derivatives, cyanamide, diazenium diolate-derived compounds, acyl nitroso compounds, and acyloxy nitroso compounds. A large body of work exists defining these six groups of HNO donors and the overall chemistry of each donor requires consideration in light of its ability to produce HNO. The increasing interest in HNO biology and the potential of HNO-based therapeutics presents exciting opportunities to further develop HNO donors as both research tools and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna F DuMond
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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Samuni A, Goldstein S. One-Electron Oxidation of Acetohydroxamic Acid: The Intermediacy of Nitroxyl and Peroxynitrite. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3022-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp201796q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School and #Chemistry Institute, The Accelerator Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School and #Chemistry Institute, The Accelerator Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Kovacic P. Hydroxyurea (therapeutics and mechanism): Metabolism, carbamoyl nitroso, nitroxyl, radicals, cell signaling and clinical applications. Med Hypotheses 2011; 76:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Andrei D, Salmon DJ, Donzelli S, Wahab A, Klose JR, Citro ML, Saavedra JE, Wink DA, Miranda KM, Keefer LK. Dual mechanisms of HNO generation by a nitroxyl prodrug of the diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) class. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16526-32. [PMID: 21033665 PMCID: PMC2984372 DOI: 10.1021/ja106552p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a novel caged form of the highly reactive bioeffector molecule, nitroxyl (HNO). Reacting the labile nitric oxide (NO)- and HNO-generating salt of structure iPrHN-N(O)═NO(-)Na(+) (1, IPA/NO) with BrCH(2)OAc produced a stable derivative of structure iPrHN-N(O)═NO-CH(2)OAc (2, AcOM-IPA/NO), which hydrolyzed an order of magnitude more slowly than 1 at pH 7.4 and 37 °C. Hydrolysis of 2 to generate HNO proceeded by at least two mechanisms. In the presence of esterase, straightforward dissociation to acetate, formaldehyde, and 1 was the dominant path. In the absence of enzyme, free 1 was not observed as an intermediate and the ratio of NO to HNO among the products approached zero. To account for this surprising result, we propose a mechanism in which base-induced removal of the N-H proton of 2 leads to acetyl group migration from oxygen to the neighboring nitrogen, followed by cleavage of the resulting rearrangement product to isopropanediazoate ion and the known HNO precursor, CH(3)-C(O)-NO. The trappable yield of HNO from 2 was significantly enhanced over 1 at physiological pH, in part because the slower rate of hydrolysis for 2 generated a correspondingly lower steady-state concentration of HNO, thus, minimizing self-consumption and enhancing trapping by biological targets such as metmyoglobin and glutathione. Consistent with the chemical trapping efficiency data, micromolar concentrations of prodrug 2 displayed significantly more potent sarcomere shortening effects relative to 1 on ventricular myocytes isolated from wild-type mouse hearts, suggesting that 2 may be a promising lead compound for the development of heart failure therapies.
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38
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Decreased sickle red blood cell adhesion to laminin by hydroxyurea is associated with inhibition of Lu/BCAM protein phosphorylation. Blood 2010; 116:2152-9. [PMID: 20566895 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-257444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive crises during which abnormal interactions between erythroid adhesion molecules and vessel-wall proteins are thought to play a critical role. Hydroxyurea, the only drug with proven benefit in sickle cell disease, diminishes these interactions, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We report that, under hydroxyurea, expression of the unique erythroid laminin receptor Lu/BCAM was increased, but red blood cell adhesion to laminin decreased. Because Lu/BCAM phosphorylation is known to activate cell adhesion to laminin, it was evaluated and found to be dramatically lower in hydroxyurea-treated patients. Analysis of the protein kinase A pathway showed decreased intracellular levels of the upstream effector cyclic adenosine monophosphate during hydroxyurea treatment. Using a cellular model expressing recombinant Lu/BCAM, we showed that hydroxyurea led to decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and diminished Lu/BCAM phosphorylation and cell adhesion. We provide evidence that hydroxyurea could reduce abnormal sickle red blood cell adhesion to the vascular wall by regulating the activation state of adhesion molecules independently of their expression level.
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39
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Juul T, Malolepszy A, Dybkaer K, Kidmose R, Rasmussen JT, Andersen GR, Johnsen HE, Jørgensen JE, Andersen SU. The in vivo toxicity of hydroxyurea depends on its direct target catalase. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21411-5. [PMID: 20452979 PMCID: PMC2898382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.103564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) is a well tolerated ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor effective in HIV, sickle cell disease, and blood cancer therapy. Despite a positive initial response, however, most treated cancers eventually progress due to development of HU resistance. Although RNR properties influence HU resistance in cell lines, the mechanisms underlying cancer HU resistance in vivo remain unclear. To address this issue, we screened for HU resistance in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and identified seventeen unique catalase mutants, thereby establishing that HU toxicity depends on catalase in vivo. We further demonstrated that catalase is a direct HU target by showing that HU acts as a competitive inhibitor of catalase-mediated hydrogen peroxide decomposition. Considering also that catalase can accelerate HU decomposition in vitro and that co-treatment with another catalase inhibitor alleviates HU effects in vivo, our findings suggests that HU could act as a catalase-activated pro-drug. Clinically, we found high catalase activity in circulating cells from untreated chronic myeloid leukemia, offering a possible explanation for the efficacy of HU against this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Juul
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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40
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Sassi H, Bachir D, Habibi A, Astier A, Galactéros F, Hulin A. No effect of CYP450 and P-glycoprotein on hydroxyurea in vitro metabolism. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010; 24:83-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Chatterjee D, Nayak KA, Ember E, van Eldik R. [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]−mediated oxidation of hydroxyurea with H2O2. Kinetic and mechanistic investigation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1695-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b920839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Reisz JA, Bechtold E, King SB. Oxidative heme protein-mediated nitroxyl (HNO) generation. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:5203-12. [DOI: 10.1039/c000980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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43
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Olnes M, Chi A, Haney C, May R, Minniti C, Taylor J, Kato GJ. Improvement in hemolysis and pulmonary arterial systolic pressure in adult patients with sickle cell disease during treatment with hydroxyurea. Am J Hematol 2009; 84:530-32. [PMID: 19536844 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Conran N, Costa FF. Hemoglobin disorders and endothelial cell interactions. Clin Biochem 2009; 42:1824-38. [PMID: 19580799 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial damage and inflammation make a significant contribution to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease (SCD) and the beta-thalassemia syndromes. Endothelial dysfunction and ensuing vasculopathy are implicated in pulmonary hypertension in the hemoglobinopathies and endothelial activation and endothelial-blood cell adhesion, accompanied by inflammatory processes and oxidative stress, are imperative to the vaso-occlusive process in SCD. Herein, we discuss the role that the endothelium plays in all of these processes and the effect that genetic modifiers and hydroxyurea therapy may have upon endothelial interactions. Therapies targeting the endothelium and endothelial interactions may represent a promising approach for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Conran
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Brazil.
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45
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Conran N, Franco-Penteado CF, Costa FF. Newer aspects of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion. Hemoglobin 2009; 33:1-16. [PMID: 19205968 DOI: 10.1080/03630260802625709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis, caused by a single nucleotide substitution (GTG>GAG) at the sixth codon of the beta-globin gene, leading to the production of a defective form of Hb, Hb S. When deoxygenated, Hb S polymerizes, damaging the sickle erythrocyte and it is this polymerization that is the primary indispensable event in the molecular pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. Hb S polymerization results in a series of cellular alterations in red cell morphology and function that shorten the red cell life span and leads to vascular occlusion. Sickle cell disease vaso-occlusion is now known to constitute a complex multifactorial process characterized by recurrent vaso-occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and oxidative stress with consequent vascular endothelial cell activation that induces a chronic inflammatory state in sickle cell disease individual and is propagated by elevated levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines. Activation of the endothelium results in the induction of endothelial adhesion molecule expression that mediates red and white cell adhesion to the vessel wall and the formation of heterocellular aggregates, followed by secondary red cell trapping, all of which contribute to reduced blood flow and eventually obstruction of the micro-circulation. Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, caused principally by its consumption by cell-free Hb, liberated during intravascular hemolysis, contributes to this process by facilitating vasoconstriction and adhesion molecule activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Conran
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Center, School of Medical Sciences, UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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46
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Wood KC, Hsu LL, Gladwin MT. Sickle cell disease vasculopathy: a state of nitric oxide resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1506-28. [PMID: 18261470 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by microvascular vaso-occlusion with erythrocytes containing polymerized sickle (S) hemoglobin, erythrocyte hemolysis, vasculopathy, and both acute and chronic multiorgan injury. It is associated with steady state increases in plasma cell-free hemoglobin and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hereditary and acquired hemolytic conditions release into plasma hemoglobin and other erythrocyte components that scavenge endothelium-derived NO and metabolize its precursor arginine, impairing NO homeostasis. Overproduction of ROS, such as superoxide, by enzymatic (xanthine oxidase, NADPH oxidase, uncoupled eNOS) and nonenzymatic pathways (Fenton chemistry), promotes intravascular oxidant stress that can likewise disrupt NO homeostasis. The synergistic bioinactivation of NO by dioxygenation and oxidation reactions with cell-free plasma hemoglobin and ROS, respectively, is discussed as a mechanism for NO resistance in SCD vasculopathy. Human physiological and transgenic animal studies provide experimental evidence of cardiovascular and pulmonary resistance to NO donors and reduced NO bioavailability that is associated with vasoconstriction, decreased blood flow, platelet activation, increased endothelin-1 expression, and end-organ injury. Emerging epidemiological data now suggest that chronic intravascular hemolysis is associated with certain clinical complications: pulmonary hypertension, cutaneous leg ulcerations, priapism, and possibly stroke. New therapeutic strategies to limit intravascular hemolysis and ROS generation and increase NO bioavailability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wood
- Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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47
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He X, Azarov I, Jeffers A, Presley T, Richardson J, King SB, Gladwin MT, Kim-Shapiro DB. The potential of Angeli's salt to decrease nitric oxide scavenging by plasma hemoglobin. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1420-32. [PMID: 18243145 PMCID: PMC2376831 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 12/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Release of hemoglobin from the erythrocyte during intravascular hemolysis contributes to the pathology of a variety of diseased states. This effect is partially due to the enhanced ability of cell-free plasma hemoglobin, which is primarily found in the ferrous, oxygenated state, to scavenge nitric oxide. Oxidation of the cell-free hemoglobin to methemoglobin, which does not effectively scavenge nitric oxide, using inhaled nitric oxide has been shown to be effective in limiting pulmonary and systemic vasoconstriction. However, the ferric heme species may be reduced back to ferrous hemoglobin in plasma and has the potential to drive injurious redox chemistry. We propose that compounds that selectively convert cell-free hemoglobin to ferric, and ideally iron-nitrosylated heme species that do not actively scavenge nitric oxide, would effectively treat intravascular hemolysis. We show here that nitroxyl generated by Angeli's salt (sodium alpha-oxyhyponitrite, Na2N2O3) preferentially reacts with cell-free hemoglobin compared to that encapsulated in the red blood cell under physiologically relevant conditions. Nitroxyl oxidizes oxygenated ferrous hemoglobin to methemoglobin and can convert the methemoglobin to a more stable, less toxic species, iron-nitrosyl hemoglobin. These results support the notion that Angeli's salt or a similar compound could be used to effectively treat conditions associated with intravascular hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun He
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Ivan Azarov
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Anne Jeffers
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Tennille Presley
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Jodi Richardson
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - S. Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center; NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Daniel B. Kim-Shapiro
- Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
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48
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Wood KC, Granger DN. Sickle cell disease: role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 34:926-32. [PMID: 17645642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
1. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder of haemoglobin synthesis that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to sequelae of episodic vaso-occlusive events: pain crises and multiorgan damage. The microvascular responses to the initiation, progression and resolution of vaso-occlusive events are consistent with an inflammatory phenotype as suggested by activation of multiple cell types, an oxidatively stressed environment and endothelial cell dysfunction. 2. Decreased anti-oxidant defences in SCD patients and mice are accompanied by activation of enzymatic (NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase) and non-enzymatic (sickle haemoglobin auto-oxidation) sources of reactive oxygen species. The resultant oxidative stress leads to dysfunction/activation of arteriolar and venular endothelial cells, resulting in impaired vasomotor function and blood cell-endothelial cell adhesion. 3. Changes in substrate and cofactor availability for endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase may underlie reactive oxygen- and nitrogen-induced events that contribute to SCD-induced vasculopathy. 4. The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of SCD provides a platform for the development of novel agents to treat this painful and lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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49
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Lu D, Nadas J, Zhang G, Johnson W, Zweier JL, Cardounel AJ, Villamena FA, Wang PG. 4-Aryl-1,3,2-oxathiazolylium-5-olates as pH-Controlled NO-Donors: The Next Generation ofS-Nitrosothiols. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5503-14. [PMID: 17419627 DOI: 10.1021/ja0682226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are important exogenous and endogenous sources of nitric oxide (NO) in biological systems. A series of 4-aryl-1,3,2-oxathiazolylium-5-olates derivatives with varying aryl para-substituents (-CF3, -H, -Cl, and -OCH3) were synthesized. These compounds were found to release NO under acidic condition (pH = 5). The decomposition pathway of the aryloxathiazolyliumolates proceeded via an acid-catalyzed ring-opening mechanism after which NO was released and an S-centered radical was generated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping studies were performed to detect NO and the S-centered radical using the spin traps of iron(II) N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate [(MGD)2-FeII] and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). Also, EPR spin trapping and UV-vis spectrophotometry were used to analyze the effect of aryl para substitution on the NO-releasing property of aryloxathiazolyliumolates. The results showed that the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent such as -CF3 enhanced the NO-releasing capability of the aryloxathiazolyliumolates, whereas an electron-donating substituent like methoxy (-OCH3) diminished it. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G**//B3LYP/6-31G* level were used to rationalize the experimental observations. The aryloxathiazolyliumolates diminished susceptibility to reduction by ascorbate or gluthathione, and their capacity to cause vasodilation as compared to other S-nitrosothiols suggests potential application in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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50
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Cokic VP, Beleslin-Cokic BB, Noguchi CT, Schechter AN. Hydroxyurea increases eNOS protein levels through inhibition of proteasome activity. Nitric Oxide 2007; 16:371-8. [PMID: 17306993 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2007.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have identified the proteasome as the primary degradation pathway for inducible, neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS). We have demonstrated that hydroxyurea increased nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells through phosphorylation of eNOS as a short-term effect. We find now that NO production in endothelial cells is dose-dependently stimulated by hydroxyurea, as well as both specific and non-specific proteasome inhibitors, as a long term effect. Prolonged treatment of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with hydroxyurea was found to increase eNOS protein levels without an effect on eNOS mRNA levels, suggesting posttranscriptional control. We observed that the inhibitors of proteasomes that we tested also increased eNOS protein levels in HUVEC. In a proteasome assay, we showed that hydroxyurea inhibited protein degradation in a dose-dependent manner, in both purified 20S proteasome and HUVEC lysates. The NO production induced by hydroxyurea in endothelial cells appears to be mediated by long term posttranscriptional augmentation in eNOS levels via inhibition of the proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladan P Cokic
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute for Medical Research, Dr. Subotica 4, P.O. Box 102, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia.
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