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Wilde S, Johnson AF, LaRock CN. Playing With Fire: Proinflammatory Virulence Mechanisms of Group A Streptococcus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:704099. [PMID: 34295841 PMCID: PMC8290871 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.704099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus is an obligate human pathogen that is a major cause of infectious morbidity and mortality. It has a natural tropism for the oropharynx and skin, where it causes infections with excessive inflammation due to its expression of proinflammatory toxins and other virulence factors. Inflammation directly contributes to the severity of invasive infections, toxic shock syndrome, and the induction of severe post-infection autoimmune disease caused by autoreactive antibodies. This review discusses what is known about how the virulence factors of Group A Streptococcus induce inflammation and how this inflammation can promote disease. Understanding of streptococcal pathogenesis and the role of hyper-immune activation during infection may provide new therapeutic targets to treat the often-fatal outcome of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyra Wilde
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Anders F Johnson
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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2
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Lei Y, Zhao F, Shao J, Li Y, Li S, Chang H, Zhang Y. Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6185. [PMID: 30656066 PMCID: PMC6336016 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g., some carrier proteins or new biomaterials) with special properties, including immunologic specificity, good biosecurity and biocompatibility, and the ability to vastly improve the immune response of epitope vaccines. When designing epitope vaccines, the following types of built-in adjuvants are typically considered: (1) pattern recognition receptor ligands (i.e., toll-like receptors); (2) virus-like particle carrier platforms; (3) bacterial toxin proteins; and (4) novel potential delivery systems (e.g., self-assembled peptide nanoparticles, lipid core peptides, and polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles). This review primarily discusses the current and prospective applications of these built-in adjuvants (i.e., biological carriers) to provide some references for the future design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shifang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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3
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Sharma S, Hinds LA. Formulation and delivery of vaccines: Ongoing challenges for animal management. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2012; 4:258-66. [PMID: 23248557 PMCID: PMC3523519 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a commercially successful animal vaccine is not only influenced by various immunological factors, such as type of antigen but also by formulation and delivery aspects. The latter includes the need for a vector or specific delivery system, the choice of route of administration and the nature of the target animal population and their habitat. This review describes the formulation and delivery aspects of various types of antigens such as killed microorganisms, proteins and nucleic acids for the development of efficacious and safe animal vaccines. It also focuses on the challenges associated with the different approaches that might be required for formulating and delivering species specific vaccines, particularly if their intended use is for improved animal management with respect to disease and/or reproductive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Sharma
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Division of Ecosystem Sciences, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Fujita Y, Taguchi H. Current status of multiple antigen-presenting peptide vaccine systems: Application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Cent J 2011; 5:48. [PMID: 21861904 PMCID: PMC3178480 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-5-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies are currently investigating the development of safe and effective vaccines to prevent various infectious diseases. Multiple antigen-presenting peptide vaccine systems have been developed to avoid the adverse effects associated with conventional vaccines (i.e., live-attenuated, killed or inactivated pathogens), carrier proteins and cytotoxic adjuvants. Recently, two main approaches have been used to develop multiple antigen-presenting peptide vaccine systems: (1) the addition of functional components, e.g., T-cell epitopes, cell-penetrating peptides, and lipophilic moieties; and (2) synthetic approaches using size-defined nanomaterials, e.g., self-assembling peptides, non-peptidic dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles, as antigen-displaying platforms. This review summarizes the recent experimental studies directed to the development of multiple antigen-presenting peptide vaccine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Fujita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minami-Tamagaki, Suzuka 513-8670, MIE, Japan.
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5
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Simerska P, Moyle PM, Toth I. Modern lipid-, carbohydrate-, and peptide-based delivery systems for peptide, vaccine, and gene products. Med Res Rev 2009; 31:520-47. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Simerska P, Lu H, Toth I. Synthesis of a Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine candidate based on the M protein PL1 epitope. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:821-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2008] [Revised: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Simerska P, Abdel-Aal ABM, Fujita Y, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Toth I. Synthesis and in vivo studies of carbohydrate-based vaccines against group A Streptococcus. Biopolymers 2008; 90:611-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Simerska P, Abdel-Aal ABM, Fujita Y, Moyle PM, McGeary RP, Batzloff MR, Olive C, Good MF, Toth I. Development of a liposaccharide-based delivery system and its application to the design of group A streptococcal vaccines. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1447-52. [PMID: 18278857 DOI: 10.1021/jm701410p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is associated with many human diseases, ranging in severity from benign to life-threatening. A promising strategy for developing vaccines against GAS involves the use of carbohydrates as carriers for peptide antigens. This study describes the optimized synthesis of d-glucose and d-galactose derived carriers, bearing an adipate linker and four tert-butoxycarbonyl protected aminopropyl groups. Prophylactic GAS vaccine candidates were synthesized by conjugating multiple copies of a single GAS M protein derived peptide antigen (either J8 or J14) onto the carbohydrate carriers. These antigens contain peptide sequences, which are highly conserved and offer the potential to prevent infections caused by up to 70% of GAS strains. Lipophilic amino acids were also conjugated to the d-glucose anomeric carbon to produce a self-adjuvanting liposaccharide vaccine. High serum IgG antibody titers against each of the incorporated peptide epitopes were detected following subcutaneous immunization of B10.BR (H-2 (k)) mice with the liposaccharide vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Simerska
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences , The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Abdel-Aal ABM, Batzloff MR, Fujita Y, Barozzi N, Faria A, Simerska P, Moyle PM, Good MF, Toth I. Structure–Activity Relationship of a Series of Synthetic Lipopeptide Self-Adjuvanting Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates. J Med Chem 2007; 51:167-72. [DOI: 10.1021/jm701091d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abu-Baker M. Abdel-Aal
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R. Batzloff
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yoshio Fujita
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nadia Barozzi
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andres Faria
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pavla Simerska
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M. Moyle
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael F. Good
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia, and The Queensland Institute of Medical Research (QIMR), Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia
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Moyle PM, Olive C, Good MF, Toth I. Method for the synthesis of highly pure vaccines using the lipid core peptide system. J Pept Sci 2007; 12:800-7. [PMID: 17131293 DOI: 10.1002/psc.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional vaccines consisting of whole attenuated microorganisms, killed microorganisms, or microbial components, administered with an adjuvant (e.g. alum), have been proved to be extremely successful. However, to develop new vaccines, or to improve upon current vaccines, new vaccine development techniques are required. Peptide vaccines offer the capacity to administer only the minimal microbial components necessary to elicit appropriate immune responses, minimizing the risk of vaccination associated adverse effects, and focusing the immune response toward important antigens. Peptide vaccines, however, are generally poorly immunogenic, necessitating administration with powerful, and potentially toxic adjuvants. The attachment of lipids to peptide antigens has been demonstrated as a potentially safe method for adjuvanting peptide epitopes. The lipid core peptide (LCP) system, which incorporates a lipidic adjuvant, carrier, and peptide epitopes into a single molecular entity, has been demonstrated to boost immunogenicity of attached peptide epitopes without the need for additional adjuvants. The synthesis of LCP systems normally yields a product that cannot be purified to homogeneity. The current study describes the development of methods for the synthesis of highly pure LCP analogs using native chemical ligation. Because of the highly lipophilic nature of the LCP lipid adjuvant, difficulties (e.g. poor solubility) were experienced with the ligation reactions. The addition of organic solvents to the ligation buffer solubilized lipidic species, but did not result in successful ligation reactions. In comparison, the addition of approximately 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) proved successful, enabling the synthesis of two highly pure, tri-epitopic Streptococcus pyogenes LCP analogs. Subcutaneous immunization of B10.BR (H-2(k)) mice with one of these vaccines, without the addition of any adjuvant, elicited high levels of systemic IgG antibodies against each of the incorporated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Moyle
- School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Buckles EL, Earnhart CG, Marconi RT. Analysis of antibody response in humans to the type A OspC loop 5 domain and assessment of the potential utility of the loop 5 epitope in Lyme disease vaccine development. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2007; 13:1162-5. [PMID: 17028218 PMCID: PMC1595320 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00099-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The OspC protein of Borrelia burgdorferi is an immunodominant antigen. Here we demonstrate that the loop 5 domain of type A OspC is surface exposed, elicits bactericidal antibody in mice, and is antigenic in humans. The data suggest that loop 5 may be suitable for inclusion in a polyvalent, chimeric OspC vaccinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Buckles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, 1112 E. Clay St., McGuire Hall, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
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Moyle PM, Olive C, Ho MF, Good MF, Toth I. Synthesis of a highly pure lipid core peptide based self-adjuvanting triepitopic group A streptococcal vaccine, and subsequent immunological evaluation. J Med Chem 2006; 49:6364-70. [PMID: 17034142 DOI: 10.1021/jm060475m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a highly pure, self-adjuvanting, triepitopic Group A Streptococcal vaccine based on the lipid core peptide system, a vaccine delivery system incorporating lipidic adjuvant, carrier, and peptide epitopes into a single molecular entity. Vaccine synthesis was performed using native chemical ligation. Due to the attachment of a highly lipophilic adjuvant, addition of 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate was necessary to enhance peptide solubility in order to enable ligation. The vaccine was synthesized in three steps to yield a highly pure product (97.7% purity) with an excellent overall yield. Subcutaneous immunization of B10.BR (H-2(k)) mice with the synthesized vaccine, with or without the addition of complete Freund's adjuvant, elicited high serum IgG antibody titers against each of the incorporated peptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
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Olive C, Schulze K, Sun HK, Ebensen T, Horváth A, Toth I, Guzman CA. Enhanced protection against Streptococcus pyogenes infection by intranasal vaccination with a dual antigen component M protein/SfbI lipid core peptide vaccine formulation. Vaccine 2006; 25:1789-97. [PMID: 17229503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Revised: 10/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of a synthetic Streptococcus pyogenes vaccine targeting two virulence factors using the Lipid Core Peptide (LCP) delivery system. BALB/c mice were immunised intranasally with LCPs containing peptides encompassing T-cell and B-cell epitopes of the conserved C-repeat region of the M protein (J8) or the fibronectin-binding repeats region (FNBR) of SfbI, or a combination formulation containing peptides representing both antigens. LCPs were co-administered with the TLR2/6 agonist MALP-2 as mucosal adjuvant. Humoral and cellular immune responses stimulated at systemic and mucosal levels were strongest in mice immunised with the dual antigen formulation. Mice were completely protected following a respiratory challenge with a lethal dose of a heterologous S. pyogenes strain, whereas there was 70% and 90% survival in mice immunised with LCP-J8 and LCP-FNBR, respectively. This is the first report demonstrating the elicitation of better protective immunity by a dual antigen component S. pyogenes vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics
- Adhesins, Bacterial/immunology
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Lipopeptides
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Streptococcal Infections/immunology
- Streptococcal Infections/prevention & control
- Streptococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Streptococcal Vaccines/immunology
- Streptococcus pyogenes/genetics
- Streptococcus pyogenes/immunology
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Olive
- Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
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Earnhart CG, Buckles EL, Marconi RT. Development of an OspC-based tetravalent, recombinant, chimeric vaccinogen that elicits bactericidal antibody against diverse Lyme disease spirochete strains. Vaccine 2006; 25:466-80. [PMID: 16996663 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is the most common arthropod-borne disease in North America and Europe. At present, there is no commercially available vaccine for use in humans. Outer surface protein C (OspC) has antigenic and expression characteristics that make it an attractive vaccine candidate; however, sequence heterogeneity has impeded its use as a vaccinogen. Sequence analyses have identified 21 well defined OspC phyletic groups or "types" (designated A-U). In this report we have mapped the linear epitopes presented by OspC types B, K, and D during human and murine infection and exploited these epitopes (along with the previously identified type A OspC linear epitopes) in the development of a recombinant, tetravalent, chimeric vaccinogen. The construct was found to be highly immunogenic in mice and the induced antibodies surface labeled in vitro cultivated spirochetes. Importantly, vaccination induced complement-dependent bactericidal antibodies against strains expressing each of the OspC types that were incorporated into the construct. These results suggest that an effective and broadly protective polyvalent OspC-based Lyme disease vaccine can be produced as a recombinant, chimeric protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Earnhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0678, USA
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Moyle PM, Olive C, Ho MF, Burgess M, Karpati L, Good MF, Toth I. Method for the Synthesis of Multi-Epitopic Streptococcus pyogenes Lipopeptide Vaccines Using Native Chemical Ligation. J Org Chem 2006; 71:6846-50. [PMID: 16930036 DOI: 10.1021/jo060960p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate methods for the synthesis of highly pure, well-characterized analogues of the lipid core peptide (LCP) system. Difficulties synthesizing and purifying conventional LCP systems have led to the requirement for a technique to produce highly pure, LCP-based vaccines for potential use in human clinical trials. The current study describes methods for the attachment of lipophilic adjuvants onto multi-epitopic peptide vaccines. Described is the synthesis, using native chemical ligation, of a highly pure, tri-epitopic, group A streptococcal (GAS) lipopeptide vaccine candidate. Intranasal immunization of the described tri-epitopic GAS lipopeptide with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit induced high serum IgG antibody titers specific for each of the incorporated peptide epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy and School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences (SMMS), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Synthesis and Immunological Evaluation of M Protein Targeted Tetra-Valent and Tri-Valent Group A Streptococcal Vaccine Candidates Based on the Lipid-Core Peptide System. Int J Pept Res Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-006-9021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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