1
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Wolf S, Domes R, Domes C, Frosch T. Spectrally Resolved and Highly Parallelized Raman Difference Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Drug-Target Interactions between the Antimalarial Drug Chloroquine and Hematin. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3345-3353. [PMID: 38301154 PMCID: PMC10902819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a severe disease caused by cytozoic parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which infiltrate and infect red blood cells. Several drugs have been developed to combat the devastating effects of malaria. Antimalarials based on quinolines inhibit the crystallization of hematin into hemozoin within the parasite, ultimately leading to its demise. Despite the frequent use of these agents, there are unanswered questions about their mechanisms of action. In the present study, the quinoline chloroquine and its interaction with the target structure hematin was investigated using an advanced, highly parallelized Raman difference spectroscopy (RDS) setup. Simultaneous recording of the spectra of hematin and chloroquine mixtures with varying compositions enabled the observation of changes in peak heights and positions based on the altered molecular structure resulting from their interaction. A shift of (-1.12 ± 0.05) cm-1 was observed in the core-size marker band ν(CαCm)asym peak position of the 1:1 chloroquine-hematin mixture compared to pure hematin. The oxidation-state marker band ν(pyrrole half-ring)sym exhibited a shift by (+0.93 ± 0.13) cm-1. These results were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, indicating a hydrogen bond between the quinolinyl moiety of chloroquine and the oxygen atom of ferric protoporphyrin IX hydroxide (Fe(III)PPIX-OH). The consequence is a reduced electron density within the porphyrin moiety and an increase in its core size. This hypothesis provided further insights into the mechanism of hemozoin inhibition, suggesting chloroquine binding to the monomeric form of hematin, thereby preventing its further crystallization to hemozoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wolf
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Domes
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Frosch
- Biophotonics and Biomedical Engineering Group, Technical University Darmstadt, Merckstr. 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, 07745 Jena, Germany
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2
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Siqueira-Neto JL, Wicht KJ, Chibale K, Burrows JN, Fidock DA, Winzeler EA. Antimalarial drug discovery: progress and approaches. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:807-826. [PMID: 37652975 PMCID: PMC10543600 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent antimalarial drug discovery has been a race to produce new medicines that overcome emerging drug resistance, whilst considering safety and improving dosing convenience. Discovery efforts have yielded a variety of new molecules, many with novel modes of action, and the most advanced are in late-stage clinical development. These discoveries have led to a deeper understanding of how antimalarial drugs act, the identification of a new generation of drug targets, and multiple structure-based chemistry initiatives. The limited pool of funding means it is vital to prioritize new drug candidates. They should exhibit high potency, a low propensity for resistance, a pharmacokinetic profile that favours infrequent dosing, low cost, preclinical results that demonstrate safety and tolerability in women and infants, and preferably the ability to block Plasmodium transmission to Anopheles mosquito vectors. In this Review, we describe the approaches that have been successful, progress in preclinical and clinical development, and existing challenges. We illustrate how antimalarial drug discovery can serve as a model for drug discovery in diseases of poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn J Wicht
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Holistic Drug Discovery and Development (H3D) Centre, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Sharma B, Agarwal A, Awasthi SK. Is structural hybridization invoking new dimensions for antimalarial drug discovery research? RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1227-1253. [PMID: 37484560 PMCID: PMC10357931 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective prevention methods, malaria is a devastating, persistent infection caused by protozoal parasites that result in nearly half a million fatalities annually. Any progress made thus far in the eradication of the disease is jeopardized by the expansion of malaria parasites that have evolved to become resistant to a wide range of drugs, including first-line therapy. To surmount this significant obstacle, it is necessary to develop newly synthesized drugs with multiple modes of action that may have a novel target in various stages of Plasmodium parasite development and this is made possible by the hybridization concept. Hybridization is the combination of at least two diverse pharmacophore units with some linkers bringing about a single molecule with a diverse mode of action. It intensifies a drug's physiological and chemical characteristics, such as absorption, cellular target contact, metabolism, excretion, distribution, and toxicity. This review article outlines the currently published most potent hybrid drugs against the Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Alka Agarwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Satish Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
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Sharma B, Chowdhary S, Legac J, Rosenthal PJ, Kumar V. Quinoline-based heterocyclic hydrazones: Design, synthesis, anti-plasmodial assessment, and mechanistic insights. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:829-836. [PMID: 36418231 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A library of quinoline-based hydrazones bearing 1H-1,2,3-triazole core was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antiplasmodial activity against the drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 strain. The inclusion of pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid with a flexible propyl spacer afforded the most active scaffold with an IC50 value of 0.26 μM. Mechanistically, the compound inhibited heme to hemozoin formation, as demonstrated by UV-vis and mass spectral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharvi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | | | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
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Chowdhary S, Shalini, Mosnier J, Fonta I, Pradines B, Cele N, Seboletswe P, Singh P, Kumar V. Synthesis, Anti-Plasmodial Activities, and Mechanistic Insights of 4-Aminoquinoline-Triazolopyrimidine Hybrids. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1068-1076. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Chowdhary
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Shalini
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherché Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13262, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13262, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13262, France
- Centre National de Reference du Paludisme, Marseille 13262, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherché Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13262, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13262, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13262, France
- Centre National de Reference du Paludisme, Marseille 13262, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherché Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13262, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13262, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13262, France
- Centre National de Reference du Paludisme, Marseille 13262, France
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban South Africa
| | - Pule Seboletswe
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
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Murithi JM, Deni I, Pasaje CFA, Okombo J, Bridgford JL, Gnädig NF, Edwards RL, Yeo T, Mok S, Burkhard AY, Coburn-Flynn O, Istvan ES, Sakata-Kato T, Gomez-Lorenzo MG, Cowell AN, Wicht KJ, Le Manach C, Kalantarov GF, Dey S, Duffey M, Laleu B, Lukens AK, Ottilie S, Vanaerschot M, Trakht IN, Gamo FJ, Wirth DF, Goldberg DE, Odom John AR, Chibale K, Winzeler EA, Niles JC, Fidock DA. The Plasmodium falciparum ABC transporter ABCI3 confers parasite strain-dependent pleiotropic antimalarial drug resistance. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:824-839.e6. [PMID: 34233174 PMCID: PMC8727639 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Widespread Plasmodium falciparum resistance to first-line antimalarials underscores the vital need to develop compounds with novel modes of action and identify new druggable targets. Here, we profile five compounds that potently inhibit P. falciparum asexual blood stages. Resistance selection studies with three carboxamide-containing compounds, confirmed by gene editing and conditional knockdowns, identify point mutations in the parasite transporter ABCI3 as the primary mediator of resistance. Selection studies with imidazopyridine or quinoline-carboxamide compounds also yield changes in ABCI3, this time through gene amplification. Imidazopyridine mode of action is attributed to inhibition of heme detoxification, as evidenced by cellular accumulation and heme fractionation assays. For the copy-number variation-selecting imidazopyridine and quinoline-carboxamide compounds, we find that resistance, manifesting as a biphasic concentration-response curve, can independently be mediated by mutations in the chloroquine resistance transporter PfCRT. These studies reveal the interconnectedness of P. falciparum transporters in overcoming drug pressure in different parasite strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Murithi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ioanna Deni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - John Okombo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jessica L. Bridgford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nina F. Gnädig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel L. Edwards
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Center for Vaccine Development, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sachel Mok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anna Y. Burkhard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Olivia Coburn-Flynn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eva S. Istvan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tomoyo Sakata-Kato
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Annie N. Cowell
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kathryn J. Wicht
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D) and South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Claire Le Manach
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D) and South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Gavreel F. Kalantarov
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sumanta Dey
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maëlle Duffey
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Laleu
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 1215 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amanda K. Lukens
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sabine Ottilie
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Manu Vanaerschot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ilya N. Trakht
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Francisco-Javier Gamo
- Global Health Pharma Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dyann F. Wirth
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel E. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug Discovery and Development Center (H3D) and South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth A. Winzeler
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jacquin C. Niles
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David A. Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Corresponding author
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7
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Mishra A, Jha V, Rajak H. Molecular structural investigations of quinoxaline derivatives through 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, ADME prediction and pharmacophore modeling studies for the search of novel antimalarial agent. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Hisamatsu Y, Otani K, Takase H, Umezawa N, Higuchi T. Fluorescence Response and Self-Assembly of a Tweezer-Type Synthetic Receptor Triggered by Complexation with Heme and Its Catabolites. Chemistry 2021; 27:6489-6499. [PMID: 33026121 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the development and applications of synthetic receptors that recognize target biomolecules in aqueous media. We have developed a new tweezer-type synthetic receptor that gives a significant fluorescence response upon complexation with heme in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. The synthetic receptor consists of a tweezer-type heme recognition site and sulfo-Cy5 as a hydrophilic fluorophore. The receptor-heme complex exhibits a supramolecular amphiphilic character that facilitates the formation of self-assembled aggregates, and both the tweezer moiety and the sulfo-Cy5 moiety are important for this property. The synthetic receptor also exhibits significant fluorescence responses to biliverdin and bilirubin, but shows very weak fluorescence responses to flavin mononucleotide, folic acid, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, which contain smaller π-scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koki Otani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takase
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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Saini A, Kumar S, Raj R, Chowdhary S, Gendrot M, Mosnier J, Fonta I, Pradines B, Kumar V. Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of 1H-1,2,3-triazole grafted 4-aminoquinoline-benzoxaborole hybrids and benzoxaborole analogues. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104733. [PMID: 33618251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A library of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-tethered 4-aminoquinoline-benzoxaborole hybrids as well as aryl substituted benzoxaborole analogues was synthesized and screened for their anti-plasmodial efficacy against both chloroquine-susceptibility 3D7 and chloroquine-resistant W2 strains of P. falciparum. The inclusion of quinoline core among the synthesized analogues resulted in substantial enhancement of anti-plasmodial activities. Further, the spacer of a flexible alkyl chain is marginally preferred over piperazyl-ethyl in inhibiting growth of P. falciparum. The most potent 4-aminoquinoline-benzoxaborole conjugate with ethyl as spacer exhibited IC50 values of 4.15 and 3.78 μM against 3D7 CQ-susceptible and W2 CQ-resistant strains of P. falciparum with lower cross resistance with Chloroquine. There was no difference in anti-plasmodial activities between the CQ-susceptible 3D7 and CQ-resistant W2 strains of P. falciparum for the benzoxaborole derivatives lacking a quinoline core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Saini
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Amritsar, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Raghu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, DAV College, Amritsar, India.
| | | | - Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille, France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Shalini, Kumar S, Gendrot M, Fonta I, Mosnier J, Cele N, Awolade P, Singh P, Pradines B, Kumar V. Amide Tethered 4-Aminoquinoline-naphthalimide Hybrids: A New Class of Possible Dual Function Antiplasmodials. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:2544-2552. [PMID: 33335678 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of amide tethered 4-aminoquinoline-naphthalimide hybrids has been synthesized to assess their in vitro antiplasmodial potential against chloroquine-susceptible (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. The most active and noncytotoxic compound had an IC50 value of 0.07 μM against W2 strain and was more active than standard antimalarial drugs, including chloroquine, desethylamodiaquine, and quinine, particularly for drug resistant malaria. The promising scaffold, when subjected to heme binding and molecular modeling studies, was identified as a possible potent inhibitor of hemozoin formation and P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT), respectively, and, therefore, could act as a dual function antiplasmodial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pin 143005, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pin 143005, India
| | - Mathieu Gendrot
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13234, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13234, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13234, France
| | - Isabelle Fonta
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13234, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13234, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13234, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille 13234, France
| | - Joel Mosnier
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13234, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13234, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13234, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille 13234, France
| | - Nosipho Cele
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité Parasitologie et Entomologie, Département Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Marseille 13234, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, SSA, AP-HM, VITROME, Marseille 13234, France
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille 13234, France
- Centre National de Référence du Paludisme, Marseille 13234, France
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Pin 143005, India
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Barros R, Junior FLCC, Pereira WS, Oliveira NMN, Ramos RM. Interaction of Drug Candidates with Various SARS-CoV-2 Receptors: An in Silico Study to Combat COVID-19. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4567-4575. [PMID: 32786890 PMCID: PMC7640951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The world is currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The pandemic is causing the death of people around the world, and public and social health measures to slow or prevent the spread of COVID-19 are being implemented with the involvement of all members of society. Research institutions are accelerating the discovery of vaccines and therapies for COVID-19. In this work, molecular docking was used to study (in silico) the interaction of 24 ligands, divided into four groups, with four SARS-CoV-2 receptors, Nsp9 replicase, main protease (Mpro), NSP15 endoribonuclease, and spike protein (S-protein) interacting with human ACE2. The results showed that the antimalarial drug Metaquine and anti-HIV antiretroviral Saquinavir interacted with all the studied receptors, indicating that they are potential candidates for multitarget drugs for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo
O. Barros
- Research
Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment,
Health and Food Production, Federal Institute
of Piaui, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64019-368, Brazil
| | - Fabio L. C. C. Junior
- Research
Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment,
Health and Food Production, Federal Institute
of Piaui, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64019-368, Brazil
| | - Wildrimak S. Pereira
- Research
Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment,
Health and Food Production, Federal Institute
of Piaui, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64019-368, Brazil
| | - Neiva M. N. Oliveira
- Research
Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment,
Health and Food Production, Federal Institute
of Piaui, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64019-368, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M. Ramos
- Research
Laboratory in Information Systems, Department of Information, Environment,
Health and Food Production, Federal Institute
of Piaui, LaPeSI/IFPI, Teresina, Piaui, 64019-368, Brazil
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12
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Hopp MT, Schmalohr BF, Kühl T, Detzel MS, Wißbrock A, Imhof D. Heme Determination and Quantification Methods and Their Suitability for Practical Applications and Everyday Use. Anal Chem 2020; 92:9429-9440. [PMID: 32490668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many research institutions, clinical diagnostic laboratories, and blood banks are desperately searching for a possibility to identify and quantify heme in different physiological and pathological settings as well as various research applications. The reasons for this are the toxicity of the heme and the fact that it acts as a hemolytic and pro-inflammatory molecule. Heme only exerts these severe and undesired effects when it is not incorporated in hemoproteins. Upon release from the hemoproteins, it enters a biologically available state (labile heme), in which it is loosely associated with proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, or other molecules. While the current methods and procedures for quantitative determination of heme have been used for many years in different settings, their value is limited by the challenging chemical properties of heme. A major cause of inadequate quantification is the separation of labile and permanently bound heme and its high aggregation potential. Thus, none of the current methods are utilized as a generally applicable, standardized approach. The aim of this Feature is to describe and summarize the most common and frequently used chemical, analytical, and biochemical methods for the quantitative determination of heme. Based on this overview, the most promising approaches for future solutions to heme quantification are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-T Hopp
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin F Schmalohr
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Toni Kühl
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Milena S Detzel
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Amelie Wißbrock
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Imhof
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Shalini, Legac J, Adeniyi AA, Kisten P, Rosenthal PJ, Singh P, Kumar V. Functionalized Naphthalimide-4-aminoquinoline Conjugates as Promising Antiplasmodials, with Mechanistic Insights. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:154-161. [PMID: 32071682 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 25 conjugates has been synthesized to evaluate their antiplasmodial potency and cytotoxicity against the chloroquine resistant (CQR) W2 strain of P. falciparum and Vero kidney cell lines, respectively. Most of the compounds showed IC50 values in the lower nM range and proved to be many fold more active than chloroquine (CQ). The studies were extended to decipher modes of action using techniques including UV-vis absorption, NMR titrations, and mass spectrometry, and conclusions were strengthened by docking and density functional theory (DFT) simulations. The most active compound, with IC50 15 nM and selectivity index >4000, proved to be an interesting template for antimalarial drug discovery. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a potent naphthalimide based antiplasmodial conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
| | - Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University of Oye-Ekiti, Oye 371104, Nigeria
| | - Prishani Kisten
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban-4000, South Africa
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India
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14
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Aguiar ACC, Murce E, Cortopassi WA, Pimentel AS, Almeida MMFS, Barros DCS, Guedes JS, Meneghetti MR, Krettli AU. Chloroquine analogs as antimalarial candidates with potent in vitro and in vivo activity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2018; 8:459-464. [PMID: 30396013 PMCID: PMC6215995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In spite of recent efforts to eradicate malaria in the world, this parasitic disease is still considered a major public health problem, with a total of 216 million cases of malaria and 445,000 deaths in 2016. Artemisinin-based combination therapies remain effective in most parts of the world, but recent cases of resistance in Southeast Asia have urged for novel approaches to treat malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In this work, we present chloroquine analogs that exhibited high activity against sensitive and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum blood parasites and were also active against P. berghei infected mice. Among the compounds tested, DAQ, a chloroquine analog with a more linear side chain, was shown to be the most active in vitro and in vivo, with low cytotoxicity, and therefore may serve as the basis for the development of more effective chloroquine analogs to aid malaria eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C C Aguiar
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Laboratório de Malária, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Erika Murce
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wilian A Cortopassi
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, USA.
| | - Andre S Pimentel
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria M F S Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Daniele C S Barros
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Guedes
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Mario R Meneghetti
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, Laboratório de Malária, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Hisamatsu Y, Umezawa N, Yagi H, Kato K, Higuchi T. Design and synthesis of a 4-aminoquinoline-based molecular tweezer that recognizes protoporphyrin IX and iron(iii) protoporphyrin IX and its application as a supramolecular photosensitizer. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7455-7467. [PMID: 30319746 PMCID: PMC6180317 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of a new type of 4-aminoquinoline-based molecular tweezer 1 which forms a stable host-guest complex with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) via multiple interactions in a DMSO and HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) mixed solvent system. The binding constant for the 1 : 1 complex (K 11) between 1 and PPIX is determined to be 4 × 106 M-1. Furthermore, 1 also forms a more stable complex with iron(iii) protoporphyrin IX (Fe(iii)PPIX), the K 11 value for which is one order of magnitude greater than that for PPIX, indicating that 1 could be used as a recognition unit of a synthetic heme sensor. On the other hand, the formation of the stable PPIX·1 complex (supramolecular photosensitizer) prompted us to apply it to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Cell staining experiments using the supramolecular photosensitizer and evaluations of its photocytotoxicity indicate that the PDT activity of PPIX is improved as the result of the formation of a complex with 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS) and Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) , National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji , Okazaki 444-8787 , Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Nagoya City University , 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku , Nagoya 467-8603 , Japan . ;
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16
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Sakata Y, Yabunaka K, Kobayashi Y, Omiya H, Umezawa N, Kim HS, Wataya Y, Tomita Y, Hisamatsu Y, Kato N, Yagi H, Satoh T, Kato K, Ishikawa H, Higuchi T. Potent Antimalarial Activity of Two Arenes Linked with Triamine Designed To Have Multiple Interactions with Heme. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:980-985. [PMID: 30344903 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the idea that compounds designed to exhibit high affinity for heme would block hemozoin formation, a critical heme-detoxification process for malarial parasites, we synthesized a series of compounds with two π-conjugated moieties at terminal amino groups of triamine. These compounds exhibited moderate to high antimalarial activities in vitro toward both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. In a P. berghei-infected mouse model, 3a and 12a showed potent antimalarial activities compared to artesunate, as well as a prolonged duration of antimalarial effect. We found a good correlation between protective activity against hemin degradation and antimalarial activity. Compounds 8b and 3a strongly inhibited hemozoin formation catalyzed by heme detoxification protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Sakata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yabunaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Omiya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Naoki Umezawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hye-Sook Kim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wataya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuki Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tadashi Satoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems and Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Haruto Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Higuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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17
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Chopra R, Chibale K, Singh K. Pyrimidine-chloroquinoline hybrids: Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 148:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Fielding AJ, Lukinović V, Evans PG, Alizadeh-Shekalgourabi S, Bisby RH, Drew MGB, Male V, Del Casino A, Dunn JF, Randle LE, Dempster NM, Nahar L, Sarker SD, Cantú Reinhard FG, de Visser SP, Dascombe MJ, Ismail FMD. Modulation of Antimalarial Activity at a Putative Bisquinoline Receptor In Vivo Using Fluorinated Bisquinolines. Chemistry 2017; 23:6811-6828. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J. Fielding
- School of Chemistry and the Photon Science Institute; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Valentina Lukinović
- School of Chemistry and the Photon Science Institute; The University of Manchester; Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Philip G. Evans
- Peakdale Molecular Limited; Discovery Park, Sandwich Kent CT13 9FF UK
| | | | - Roger H. Bisby
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Salford; Salford M5 4WT UK
| | - Michael G. B. Drew
- School of Chemistry; The University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Verity Male
- School of Chemistry; The University of Reading, Whiteknights; Reading RG6 6AD UK
| | - Alessio Del Casino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - James F. Dunn
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Laura E. Randle
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Nicola M. Dempster
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Lutfun Nahar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Satyajit D. Sarker
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
| | - Fabián G. Cantú Reinhard
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science; The University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Sam P. de Visser
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology; School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science; The University of Manchester; 131 Princess Street Manchester M1 7DN UK
| | - Mike J. Dascombe
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Stopford Building 1.124; The University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Fyaz M. D. Ismail
- Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group; School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences; Liverpool John Moores University; Byrom Street Liverpool L3 3AF UK
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19
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One-pot synthesis and negative ion mass spectrometric investigation of a densely functionalized cinnoline. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Avilés E, Prudhomme J, Le Roch KG, Franzblau SG, Chandrasena K, Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD. Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a small library of hybrid compounds based on Ugi isocyanide multicomponent reactions with a marine natural product scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5339-43. [PMID: 26421992 PMCID: PMC4815915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A mixture-based combinatorial library of five Ugi adducts (4-8) incorporating known antitubercular and antimalarial pharmacophores was successfully synthesized, starting from the naturally occurring diisocyanide 3, via parallel Ugi four-center three-component reactions (U-4C-3CR). The novel α-acylamino amides obtained were evaluated for their antiinfective potential against laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and chloroquine-susceptible 3D7 Plasmodium falciparum. Interestingly, compounds 4-8 displayed potent in vitro antiparasitic activity with higher cytotoxicity in comparison to their diisocyanide precursor 3, with the best compound exhibiting an IC50 value of 3.6 nM. Additionally, these natural product inspired hybrids potently inhibited in vitro thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and superoxide anion (O2(-)) generation from Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated rat neonatal microglia, with concomitant low short-term toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Avilés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States
| | - Jacques Prudhomme
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Karine G Le Roch
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California at Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Kevin Chandrasena
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Abimael D Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 23346, U.P.R. Station, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States.
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21
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Sahu NK, Sharma MC, Mourya V, Kohli D. QSAR studies of some side chain modified 7-chloro-4-aminoquinolines as antimalarial agents. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Singh K, Kaur H, Smith P, de Kock C, Chibale K, Balzarini J. Quinoline–Pyrimidine Hybrids: Synthesis, Antiplasmodial Activity, SAR, and Mode of Action Studies. J Med Chem 2013; 57:435-48. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4014778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamaljit Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advance Study-I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Hardeep Kaur
- Department
of Chemistry, UGC Centre of Advance Study-I, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Peter Smith
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Carmen de Kock
- Division
of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 701, South Africa
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Egan TJ, Kuter D. Dual-functioning antimalarials that inhibit the chloroquine-resistance transporter. Future Microbiol 2013; 8:475-89. [PMID: 23534360 PMCID: PMC7099626 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.13.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major international health challenge. Resistance to a number of existing drugs and evidence of the emergence of artemisinin resistance has emphasized the need for new antimalarials. A new approach has been the preparation of dual-function compounds that include a chloroquine-like antimalarial group and a group that resembles a chloroquine chemosensitizer. This article reviews the recent discovery of such dual-function antimalarials that are proposed to target both hemozoin formation and the chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT. These are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of 4-aminoquinolines, chloroquine resistance and resistance reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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24
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Doménech-Carbó A, Maciuk A, Figadère B, Poupon E, Cebrián-Torrejón G. Solid-State Electrochemical Assay of Heme-Binding Molecules for Screening of Drugs with Antimalarial Potential. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4014-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Doménech-Carbó
- Departament
de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100
Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alexandre Maciuk
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8076 BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT,
Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5, rue J.-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Bruno Figadère
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8076 BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT,
Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5, rue J.-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Erwan Poupon
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8076 BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT,
Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5, rue J.-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Gerardo Cebrián-Torrejón
- Departament
de Química Analítica, Facultat de Química, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100
Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR CNRS 8076 BioCIS, LabEx LERMIT,
Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5, rue J.-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Haynes RK, Cheu KW, Chan HW, Wong HN, Li KY, Tang MMK, Chen MJ, Guo ZF, Guo ZH, Sinniah K, Witte AB, Coghi P, Monti D. Interactions between artemisinins and other antimalarial drugs in relation to the cofactor model--a unifying proposal for drug action. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:2204-26. [PMID: 23112085 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinins are proposed to act in the malaria parasite cytosol by oxidizing dihydroflavin cofactors of redox-active flavoenzymes, and under aerobic conditions by inducing their autoxidation. Perturbation of redox homeostasis coupled with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) ensues. Ascorbic acid-methylene blue (MB), N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH)-MB, BNAH-lumiflavine, BNAH-riboflavin (RF), and NADPH-FAD-E. coli flavin reductase (Fre) systems at pH 7.4 generate leucomethylene blue (LMB) and reduced flavins that are rapidly oxidized in situ by artemisinins. These oxidations are inhibited by the 4-aminoquinolines piperaquine (PPQ), chloroquine (CQ), and others. In contrast, the arylmethanols lumefantrine, mefloquine (MFQ), and quinine (QN) have little or no effect. Inhibition correlates with the antagonism exerted by 4-aminoquinolines on the antimalarial activities of MB, RF, and artemisinins. Lack of inhibition correlates with the additivity/synergism between the arylmethanols and artemisinins. We propose association via π complex formation between the 4-aminoquinolines and LMB or the dihydroflavins; this hinders hydride transfer from the reduced conjugates to the artemisinins. The arylmethanols have a decreased tendency to form π complexes, and so exert no effect. The parallel between chemical reactivity and antagonism or additivity/synergism draws attention to the mechanism of action of all drugs described herein. CQ and QN inhibit the formation of hemozoin in the parasite digestive vacuole (DV). The buildup of heme-Fe(III) results in an enhanced efflux from the DV into the cytosol. In addition, the lipophilic heme-Fe(III) complexes of CQ and QN that form in the DV are proposed to diffuse across the DV membrane. At the higher pH of the cytosol, the complexes decompose to liberate heme-Fe(III) . The quinoline or arylmethanol reenters the DV, and so transfers more heme-Fe(III) out of the DV. In this way, the 4-aminoquinolines and arylmethanols exert antimalarial activities by enhancing heme-Fe(III) and thence free Fe(III) concentrations in the cytosol. The iron species enter into redox cycles through reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) largely mediated by reduced flavin cofactors and likely also by NAD(P)H-Fre. Generation of ROS through oxidation of Fe(II) by oxygen will also result. The cytotoxicities of artemisinins are thereby reinforced by the iron. Other aspects of drug action are emphasized. In the cytosol or DV, association by π complex formation between pairs of lipophilic drugs must adversely influence the pharmacokinetics of each drug. This explains the antagonism between PPQ and MFQ, for example. The basis for the antimalarial activity of RF mirrors that of MB, wherein it participates in redox cycling that involves flavoenzymes or Fre, resulting in attrition of NAD(P)H. The generation of ROS by artemisinins and ensuing Fenton chemistry accommodate the ability of artemisinins to induce membrane damage and to affect the parasite SERCA PfATP6 Ca(2+) transporter. Thus, the effect exerted by artemisinins is more likely a downstream event involving ROS that will also be modulated by mutations in PfATP6. Such mutations attenuate, but cannot abrogate, antimalarial activities of artemisinins. Overall, parasite resistance to artemisinins arises through enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Muñoz-Durango K, Maciuk A, Harfouche A, Torijano-Gutiérrez S, Jullian JC, Quintin J, Spelman K, Mouray E, Grellier P, Figadère B. Detection, characterization, and screening of heme-binding molecules by mass spectrometry for malaria drug discovery. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3324-9. [PMID: 22409647 DOI: 10.1021/ac300065t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug screening for antimalarials uses heme biocrystallization inhibition methods as an alternative to parasite cultures, but they involve complex processes and cannot detect artemisinin-like molecules. The described method detects heme-binding compounds by mass spectrometry, using dissociation of the drug-heme adducts to evaluate putative antiplasmodial activity. Applied to a chemical library, it showed a good hit-to-lead ratio and is an efficient early stage screening for complex mixtures like natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalina Muñoz-Durango
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Magario I, García Einschlag F, Rueda E, Zygadlo J, Ferreira M. Mechanisms of radical generation in the removal of phenol derivatives and pigments using different Fe-based catalytic systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Interaction of quinoline antimalarial drugs with ferriprotoporphyrin IX, a solid state spectroscopy study. J Inorg Biochem 2011; 105:1662-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Haynes RK, Cheu KW, Li KY, Tang MMK, Wong HN, Chen MJ, Guo ZF, Guo ZH, Coghi P, Monti D. A partial convergence in action of methylene blue and artemisinins: antagonism with chloroquine, a reversal with verapamil, and an insight into the antimalarial activity of chloroquine. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1603-15. [PMID: 21994127 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinins rapidly oxidize leucomethylene blue (LMB) to methylene blue (MB); they also oxidize dihydroflavins such as the reduced conjugates RFH₂ of riboflavin (RF), and FADH₂ of the cofactor flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), to the corresponding flavins. Like the artemisinins, MB oxidizes FADH₂, but unlike artemisinins, it also oxidizes NAD(P)H. Like MB, artemisinins are implicated in the perturbation of redox balance in the malaria parasite by interfering with parasite flavoenzyme disulfide reductases. The oxidation of LMB by artemisinin is inhibited by chloroquine (CQ), an inhibition that is abruptly reversed by verapamil (VP). CQ also inhibits artemisinin-mediated oxidation of RFH₂ generated from N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide (BNAH)-RF, or FADH₂ generated from NADPH or NADPH-Fre, an effect that is also modulated by verapamil. The inhibition likely proceeds by the association of LMB or dihydroflavin with CQ, possibly involving donor-acceptor or π complexes that hinder oxidation by artemisinin. VP competitively associates with CQ, liberating LMB or dihydroflavin from their respective CQ complexes. The observations explain the antagonism between CQ-MB and CQ-artemisinins in vitro, and are reconcilable with CQ perturbing intraparasitic redox homeostasis. They further suggest that a VP-CQ complex is a means by which VP reverses CQ resistance, wherein such a complex is not accessible to the putative CQ-resistance transporter (PfCRT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China.
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Walczak MS, Lawniczak-Jablonska K, Wolska A, Sikora M, Sienkiewicz A, Suárez L, Kosar AJ, Bellemare MJ, Bohle DS. Toward Understanding the Chloroquine Action at the Molecular Level in Antimalarial Therapy − X-ray Absorption Studies in Acetic Acid Solution. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:4419-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp106790r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika S. Walczak
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wolska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sikora
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, PL-30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sienkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, PL-02-668 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Liliana Suárez
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Aaron J. Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Marie-Josee Bellemare
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - D. Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada
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Roy K, Ojha PK. Advances in quantitative structure–activity relationship models of antimalarials. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2010; 5:751-78. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2010.497812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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33
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Swift RV, Amaro RE. Discovery and design of DNA and RNA ligase inhibitors in infectious microorganisms. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:1281-1294. [PMID: 20354588 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903373617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Members of the nucleotidyltransferase superfamily known as DNA and RNA ligases carry out the enzymatic process of polynucleotide ligation. These guardians of genomic integrity share a three-step ligation mechanism, as well as common core structural elements. Both DNA and RNA ligases have experienced a surge of recent interest as chemotherapeutic targets for the treatment of a range of diseases, including bacterial infection, cancer, and the diseases caused by the protozoan parasites known as trypanosomes. OBJECTIVE: In this review, we will focus on efforts targeting pathogenic microorganisms; specifically, bacterial NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligases, which are promising broad-spectrum antibiotic targets, and ATP-dependent RNA editing ligases from Trypanosoma brucei, the species responsible for the devastating neurodegenerative disease, African sleeping sickness. CONCLUSION: High quality crystal structures of both NAD(+)-dependent DNA ligase and the Trypanosoma brucei RNA editing ligase have facilitated the development of a number of promising leads. For both targets, further progress will require surmounting permeability issues and improving selectivity and affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Swift
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Ismail FMD, Drew MGB, Navaratnam S, Bisby RH. A pulse radiolysis study of free radicals formed by one-electron oxidation of the antimalarial drug pyronaridine. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-009-0051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Kaiser CR, Pais KC, de Souza MVN, Wardell JL, Wardell SMSV, Tiekink ERT. Assessing the persistence of the N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding leading to supramolecular chains in molecules related to the anti-malarial drug, chloroquine. CrystEngComm 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b823058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Schwedhelm KF, Horstmann M, Faber JH, Reichert Y, Bringmann G, Faber C. The novel antimalarial compound dioncophylline C forms a complex with heme in solution. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:541-8. [PMID: 17315144 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A structural model of the complex formed between the novel antimalarial compound dioncophylline C (DioC) and its presumed target ferriprotoporphyrin IX heme (FPIX) is presented. The complex structure was calculated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using intermolecular distance restraints between DioC and the iron center in FPIX, determined from NMR paramagnetic relaxation. Besides the spin state of the iron and longitudinal relaxation rates of hydrogen nuclei in DioC, the effective correlation time of paramagnetic relaxation was determined from NMR measurements at three different magnetic field strengths. The derived structural model shows high similarity to complexes formed by FPIX and antimalarials of the quinoline family (chloroquine, quinine, quinidine, and amodiaquine). The conformation of DioC is sterically stabilized by a water molecule coordinated to iron in FPIX. This structural feature may provide an important hint at possibilities for a further optimization of novel naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid (NIQ) antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai F Schwedhelm
- Department of Experimental Physics 5, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Fattorusso C, Campiani G, Kukreja G, Persico M, Butini S, Romano MP, Altarelli M, Ros S, Brindisi M, Savini L, Novellino E, Nacci V, Fattorusso E, Parapini S, Basilico N, Taramelli D, Yardley V, Croft S, Borriello M, Gemma S. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of 4-Quinolinyl- and 9-Acrydinylhydrazones as Potent Antimalarial Agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1333-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7012375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fattorusso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Gagan Kukreja
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Marco Persico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Stefania Butini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Maria Pia Romano
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Maria Altarelli
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Sindu Ros
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Luisa Savini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Ettore Novellino
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Vito Nacci
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Ernesto Fattorusso
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Silvia Parapini
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Nicoletta Basilico
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Simon Croft
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Marianna Borriello
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery & Development and Dipartimento Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Via Aldo Moro 2, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali and Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy, Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica- Microbiologia- Virologia, Universitá di Milano, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milano, Italy, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases,
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Schlitzer M. Malaria Chemotherapeutics Part I: History of Antimalarial Drug Development, Currently Used Therapeutics, and Drugs in Clinical Development. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:944-86. [PMID: 17530725 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, humankind has had to struggle against the persistent onslaught of pathogenic microorganisms. Nowadays, malaria is still the most important infectious disease worldwide. Considerable success in gaining control over malaria was achieved in the 1950s and 60s through landscaping measures, vector control with the insecticide DDT, and the widespread administration of chloroquine, the most important antimalarial agent ever. In the late 1960s, the final victory over malaria was believed to be within reach. However, the parasites could not be eradicated because they developed resistance against the most widely used and affordable drugs of that time. Today, cases of malaria infections are on the rise and have reached record numbers. This review gives a short description of the malaria disease, briefly addresses the history of antimalarial drug development, and focuses on drugs currently available for malaria therapy. The present knowledge regarding their mode of action and the mechanisms of resistance are explained, as are the attempts made by numerous research groups to overcome the resistance problem within classes of existing drugs and in some novel classes. Finally, this review covers all classes of antimalarials for which at least one drug candidate is in clinical development. Antimalarial agents that are solely in early development stages will be addressed in a separate review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlitzer
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Hempelmann E. Hemozoin Biocrystallization in Plasmodium falciparum and the antimalarial activity of crystallization inhibitors. Parasitol Res 2006; 100:671-6. [PMID: 17111179 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-006-0313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Hempelmann
- School of Biochemistry, Genetics, Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P.O. Box XO1, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.
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de Villiers KA, Kaschula CH, Egan TJ, Marques HM. Speciation and structure of ferriprotoporphyrin IX in aqueous solution: spectroscopic and diffusion measurements demonstrate dimerization, but not μ-oxo dimer formation. J Biol Inorg Chem 2006; 12:101-17. [PMID: 16972088 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-006-0170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in epsilon (393) (the Soret band) of aqueous ferriprotoporphyrin IX [Fe(III)PPIX] with concentration indicate that it dimerizes, but does not form higher aggregates. Diffusion measurements support this observation. The diffusion coefficient of aqueous Fe(III)PPIX is half that of the hydrated monomeric dicyano complex. Much of the apparent instability of aqueous Fe(III)PPIX solutions could be attributed to adsorption onto glass and plastic surfaces. However, epsilon (347) was found to be independent of the aggregation state of the porphyrin and was used to correct for the effects of adsorption. The UV-vis spectrum of the aqueous dimer is not consistent with that expected for a mu-oxo dimer and the (1)H NMR spectrum is characteristic of five-coordinate, high-spin Fe(III)PPIX. Magnetic susceptibility measurements using the Evans method showed that there is no antiferromagnetic coupling in the dimer. By contrast, when the mu-oxo dimer is induced in 10% aqueous pyridine, characteristic UV-vis and (1)H NMR spectra of this species are observed and the magnetic moment is consistent with strong antiferromagnetic coupling. We propose a model in which the spontaneously formed aqueous Fe(III)PPIX dimer involves noncovalent interaction of the unligated faces of two five-coordinate H(2)O/HO-Fe(III)PPIX molecules, with the axial H(2)O/OH(-) ligands directed outwards. This arrangement is consistent with the crystal structures of related five-coordinate iron(III) porphyrins and accounts for the observed pH dependence of the dimerization constant and the spectra of the monomer and dimer. Structures for the aqueous dimer are proposed on the basis of molecular dynamics/simulated annealing calculations using a force field previously developed for modeling metalloporphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
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Casabianca LB, de Dios AC. Relationship between NMR Shielding and Heme Binding Strength for a Series of 7-Substituted Quinolines. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:7787-92. [PMID: 16789763 DOI: 10.1021/jp061320t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical shielding tensors are calculated for the carbons in a series of 4-aminoquinolines with different substituents at the 7-position. The sigma(11) component is used as a measure of the relative pi-electron density at each carbon. By comparing the pi-electron density at each carbon with the log K of binding to heme (Kaschula et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 3531), the drug-heme association is found to increase with increasing pi-electron density at the carbons meta to the substituent and with decreasing pi-electron density at the carbons ortho and para to the substituent. The greatest change in pi-electron density is at the ortho carbons, and log K increases with a decrease in pi-electron density on the ring containing the substituent, which corresponds to an increase in the pi-dipole between the two rings. An examination of the solution structures of the pi-pi complexes formed by amodiaquine and quinine with heme (Leed et al. Biochemistry 2002, 41, 10245. de Dios et al. Inorg. Chem. 2004, 43, 8078) shows that the pi-dipoles in each drug and in the porphyrin ring of heme may be paired. The chloro-substituted compound has an association constant that is an order of magnitude higher than the other compounds in the series, but the pi-electron density at the ring containing the substituent is not correspondingly low. This lack of correlation indicates that the Cl-substituted compound may be binding to heme in a manner that differs from the other compounds in the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah B Casabianca
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Egan TJ. Interactions of quinoline antimalarials with hematin in solution. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:916-26. [PMID: 16384600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Revised: 11/02/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline antimalarial drugs such as chloroquine and related compounds are believed to act by targeting ferriprotoporphyrin IX (Fe(III)PPIX) in the form of hematin (H(2)O/HO-Fe(III)PPIX), its mu-oxo dimer ([Fe(III)PPIX](2)O) or crystalline beta-hematin ([Fe(III)PPIX](2)) in the malaria parasite. Fe(III)PPIX is formed when the parasite digests host hemoglobin during its intraerythrocytic blood stage. This has led to a number of studies on the interaction of Fe(III)PPIX with quinoline antimalarials and related compounds. This article reviews the spectroscopy, thermodynamics and structures of Fe(III)PPIX-quinoline complexes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Egan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
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