1
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Hosang L, Löhndorf A, Dohle W, Rosche A, Marry S, Diercks BP, Müller-Kirschbaum LC, Flügel LT, Potter BVL, Odoardi F, Guse AH, Flügel A. 2-Methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate inhibits store-operated Ca 2+ entry in T lymphocytes and prevents experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119485. [PMID: 37150482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling is one of the essential signaling systems for T lymphocyte activation, the latter being an essential step in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) ensures long lasting Ca2+ signaling and is of utmost importance for major downstream T lymphocyte activation steps, e.g. nuclear localization of the transcription factor 'nuclear factor of activated T cells' (NFAT). 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an endogenous metabolite of estradiol (E2), blocks nuclear translocation of NFAT. The likely underlying mechanism is inhibition of SOCE, as shown for its synthetic sulfamate ester analogue 2-ethyl-3-sulfamoyloxy-17β-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX564). Here, we demonstrate that another synthetic bis-sulfamoylated 2ME2 derivative, 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamate (2-MeOE2bisMATE, STX140), an orally bioavailable, multi-targeting anticancer agent and potent steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitor, antagonized SOCE in T lymphocytes. Downstream events, e.g. secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-17, were decreased by STX140 in in vitro experiments. Remarkably, STX140 dosed in vivo completely blocked the clinical disease in both active and transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, a T cell-mediated animal model for MS, at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day i.p., whereas neither 2ME2 nor Irosustat, a pure STS inhibitor, showed any effect. The STS inhibitory activity of STX140 is therefore not responsible for its activity in this model. Taken together, inhibition of SOCE by STX140 resulting in full antagonism of clinical symptoms in EAE in the Lewis rat, paired with the known excellent bioavailability and pharmaceutical profile of this drug, open potentially new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Löhndorf
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Rosche
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Marry
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas C Müller-Kirschbaum
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lioba T Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Abou-Salim MA, Shaaban MA, Abd El Hameid MK, Alanazi MM, Halaweish F, Elshaier YAMM. Utilizing Estra-1,3,5,16-Tetraene Scaffold: Design and Synthesis of Nitric Oxide Donors as Chemotherapeutic Resistance Combating Agents in Liver Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062754. [PMID: 36985726 PMCID: PMC10055446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of nitric oxide-releasing estra-1,3,5,16-tetraene analogs (NO-∆-16-CIEAs) was designed and synthesized as dual inhibitors for EGFR and MRP2 based on our previous findings on estra-1,3,5-triene analog NO-CIEA 17 against both HepG2 and HepG2-R cell lines. Among the target compounds, 14a (R-isomer) and 14b (S-isomer) displayed potent anti-proliferative activity against both HepG2 and HepG2-R cell lines in comparison to the reference drug erlotinib. Remarkably, compound 14a resulted in a prominent reduction in EGFR phosphorylation at a concentration of 1.20 µM with slight activity on the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. It also inhibits MRP2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with 24% inhibition and arrested the cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, compound 14a (estratetraene core) exhibited a twofold increase in anti-proliferative activity against both HepG2 and HepG2-R in comparison with the lead estratriene analog, demonstrating the significance of the designed ∆-16 unsaturation. The results shed a light on compound 14a and support further investigations to combat multidrug resistance in chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahrous A Abou-Salim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohammed K Abd El Hameid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathi Halaweish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Box 2202, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32958, Egypt
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3
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Novel Anti-Acanthamoebic Activities of Irosustat and STX140 and Their Nanoformulations. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030561. [PMID: 36978428 PMCID: PMC10044433 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Acanthamoeba produce keratitis and fatal granulomatous amoebic encephalitis. Treatment remains problematic and often ineffective, suggesting the need for the discovery of novel compounds. For the first time, here we evaluated the effects of the anticancer drugs Irosustat and STX140 alone, as well as their nanoformulations, against A. castellanii via amoebicidal, excystment, cytopathogenicity, and cytotoxicity assays. Nanoformulations of the compounds were successfully synthesized with high encapsulation efficiency of 94% and 82% for Irosustat and STX140, respectively. Nanoparticles formed were spherical in shape and had a unimodal narrow particle size distribution, mean of 145 and 244 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.3, and surface charge of −14 and −15 mV, respectively. Irosustat and STX140 exhibited a biphasic release profile with almost 100% drug released after 48 h. Notably, Irosustat significantly inhibited A. castellanii viability and amoebae-mediated cytopathogenicity and inhibited the phenotypic transformation of amoebae cysts into the trophozoite form, however their nanoformulations depicted limited effects against amoebae but exhibited minimal cytotoxicity when tested against human cells using lactate dehydrogenase release assays. Accordingly, both compounds have potential for further studies, with the hope of discovering novel anti-Acanthamoeba compounds, and potentially developing targeted therapy against infections of the central nervous system.
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4
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Dohle W, Asiki H, Gruchot W, Foster PA, Sahota HK, Bai R, Christensen KE, Hamel E, Potter BVL. 2-Difluoromethoxy-Substituted Estratriene Sulfamates: Synthesis, Antiproliferative SAR, Antitubulin Activity, and Steroid Sulfatase Inhibition. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200408. [PMID: 36109340 PMCID: PMC9742152 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
2-Difluoromethoxyestratriene derivatives were designed to improve potency and in vivo stability of the drug candidate 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2). Compound evaluation in vitro against the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells, as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation and also steroid sulfatase (STS) both in cell lysates and in whole cells, showed promising activities. In antiproliferative assays 2-difluoromethoxyestradiol was less potent than 2ME2, but its sulfamates were often more potent than their corresponding non-fluorinated analogues. The fluorinated bis-sulfamate is a promising antiproliferative agent in MCF-7 cells (GI50 0.28 μM) vs the known 2-methoxyestradiol-3,17-O,O-bissulfamate (STX140, GI50 0.52 μM), confirming the utility of our approach. Compounds were also evaluated in the NCI 60-cell line panel and the fluorinated bis-sulfamate derivative displayed very good overall activities with a sub-micromolar average GI50 . It was a very potent STS inhibitor in whole JEG-3 cells (IC50 3.7 nM) similar to STX140 (4.2 nM) and additionally interferes with tubulin assembly in vitro and colchicine binding to tubulin. An X-ray study of 2-difluoromethoxy-3-benzyloxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one examined conformational aspects of the fluorinated substituent. The known related derivative 2-difluoromethyl-3-sulfamoyloxyestrone was evaluated for STS inhibition in whole JEG-3 cells and showed an excellent IC50 of 55 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Hannah Asiki
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Wojciech Gruchot
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Havreen K Sahota
- Institute of Metabolism & Systems Research, University of Birmingham, 2nd Floor IBR Tower Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kirsten E Christensen
- Chemical Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
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5
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Chen R, Zhou C, Pang X, Liu J, Gu Y, Liu J, Li Z. Design, Synthesis, Anti-cancer Activities and Computational Analysis of Novel Diamides Conformationally Restricted by Cyclopropane. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202106053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Quindt MI, Gola GF, Rodriguez CR, Ramirez JA, Bonesi SM. Product selectivity in the photoreaction of aryl sulfonates and mesylate of estrone derivatives in sustainable and micellar media: a steady-state investigation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02989h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical reaction of sulfonate steroids in a sustainable environment was carried out successfully under steady-state conditions. Significant selectivity in photoproduct formation was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías I. Quindt
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel F. Gola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian R. Rodriguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier A. Ramirez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio M. Bonesi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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7
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Löhndorf A, Hosang L, Dohle W, Odoardi F, Waschkowski SA, Rosche A, Bauche A, Winzer R, Tolosa E, Windhorst S, Marry S, Flügel A, Potter BVL, Diercks BP, Guse AH. 2-Methoxyestradiol and its derivatives inhibit store-operated Ca 2+ entry in T cells: Identification of a new and potent inhibitor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118988. [PMID: 33581218 PMCID: PMC8062851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell activation starts with formation of second messengers that release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and thereby activate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), one of the essential signals for T cell activation. Recently, the steroidal 2-methoxyestradiol was shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). We therefore investigated 2-methoxyestradiol for inhibition of Ca2+ entry in T cells, screened a library of 2-methoxyestradiol analogues, and characterized the derivative 2-ethyl-3-sulfamoyloxy-17β-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene (STX564) as a novel, potent and specific SOCE inhibitor. STX564 inhibits Ca2+ entry via SOCE without affecting other ion channels and pumps involved in Ca2+ signaling in T cells. Downstream effects such as cytokine expression and cell proliferation were also inhibited by both 2-methoxyestradiol and STX564, which has potential as a new chemical biology tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Löhndorf
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sissy-Alina Waschkowski
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anette Rosche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Bauche
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephen Marry
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Straße 3a, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Drug Discovery & Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Ca(2+) Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Dohle W, Prota AE, Menchon G, Hamel E, Steinmetz MO, Potter BVL. Tetrahydroisoquinoline Sulfamates as Potent Microtubule Disruptors: Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antitubulin Activity of Dichlorobenzyl-Based Derivatives, and a Tubulin Cocrystal Structure. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:755-764. [PMID: 30775645 PMCID: PMC6372245 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) 6-O-sulfamate-based anticancer agents, inspired by the endogenous steroid 2-methoxyestradiol and its sulfamate derivatives, are further explored for antiproliferative and microtubule disruptor activity. Based on recently designed C3-methyl C7-methoxy-substituted THIQ derivatives, compounds with mono- and dichloro-substitutions on the pendant N-benzyl ring were synthesized and evaluated. Although improved antiproliferative activity was observed, for example, 4a versus 4b and 4b versus 8c, it was relatively modest. Compound 8c, a 2',5'-dichlorobenzyl derivative was, however, identified as a promising antiproliferative agent with in vitro activities exceeding that of the parent steroid (e.g., GI50 90 nM in DU-145 cells) and was highly potent against a range of tumor cell lines (e.g., GI50 26 nM for OVCAR-3). 8c inhibited the polymerization of tubulin in vitro with an IC50 only twofold less potent than combretastatin A-4 and inhibited colchicine binding to tubulin. Tubulin polymerization assays showed the parent THIQ 4a to be only a very weak inhibitor, but a striking potency difference was seen between compounds with C2' methoxy and chloro substituents, whereas this was much smaller when these substituents were positioned at C5'. To confirm the target in atomic detail and because 8c is a racemic mixture, an achiral parent THIQ 6-O-sulfamate derivative 10 was successfully cocrystallized with the αβ-tubulin heterodimer. The derivative 10 binds at the colchicine site on tubulin, the first example of this compound class investigated in such detail, with its sulfamate group interacting with residues beyond the reach of colchicine itself, similar to a recently reported quinazolinone sulfamate derivative, 6a. The structure also suggests that for racemic C3-methyl-substituted THIQ derivatives, such as 8c, the (S)-enantiomer is likely to be preferentially accommodated within the colchicine site for steric reasons. The results further confirm the potential of nonsteroidal THIQ sulfamate derivatives for oncology and suggest that the mechanism of microtubule destabilization for the THIQ compound class is to prevent the curved-to-straight conformational transition of tubulin required for polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
| | - Andrea E. Prota
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening
Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National
Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick 21702, Maryland, United States
| | - Michel O. Steinmetz
- Laboratory
of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, Biozentrum, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal
Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.
- E-mail: . Phone: +44 1865 271945 (B.V.L.P.)
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9
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Dohle W, Jourdan FL, Menchon G, Prota AE, Foster PA, Mannion P, Hamel E, Thomas MP, Kasprzyk PG, Ferrandis E, Steinmetz MO, Leese MP, Potter BVL. Quinazolinone-Based Anticancer Agents: Synthesis, Antiproliferative SAR, Antitubulin Activity, and Tubulin Co-crystal Structure. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1031-1044. [PMID: 29227648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolinone-based anticancer agents were designed, decorated with functional groups from a 2-methoxyestradiol-based microtubule disruptor series, incorporating the aryl sulfamate motif of steroid sulfatase (STS) inhibitors. The steroidal AB-ring system was mimicked, favoring conformations with an N-2 substituent occupying D-ring space. Evaluation against breast and prostate tumor cell lines identified 7b with DU-145 antiproliferative activity (GI50 300 nM). A preliminary structure-activity relationship afforded compounds (e.g., 7j GI50 50 nM) with activity exceeding that of the parent. Both 7b and 7j inhibit tubulin assembly in vitro and colchicine binding, and 7j was successfully co-crystallized with the αβ-tubulin heterodimer as the first of its class, its sulfamate group interacting positively at the colchicine binding site. Microtubule destabilization by 7j is likely achieved by preventing the curved-to-straight conformational transition in αβ-tubulin. Quinazolinone sulfamates surprisingly showed weak STS inhibition. Preliminary in vivo studies in a multiple myeloma xenograft model for 7b showed oral activity, confirming the promise of this template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K
| | - Fabrice L Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Grégory Menchon
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paul A Foster
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham , 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K
| | - Pascoe Mannion
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham , 2nd Floor IBR Tower, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners , Birmingham B15 2TH, U.K
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute , Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Mark P Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | | | - Eric Ferrandis
- Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, IPSEN , 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut , 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Biozentrum , 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathew P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K.,Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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10
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Shi X, Wang Z, Xu F, Lu X, Yao H, Wu D, Sun S, Nie R, Gao S, Li P, Xia L, Zhang Z, Wang C. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative effect of 17β-amide derivatives of 2-methoxyestradiol and their studies on pharmacokinetics. Steroids 2017; 128:6-14. [PMID: 29031938 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 17β-amide-2-methoxyestradiol compounds were synthesized with an aim to enhance the antiproliferative effect of 2-methoxyestradiol. The antiproliferative activity of 2-methoxyestradiol analogs against human cancer cells was investigated. 2-methoxy-3-benzyloxy-17β-chloroacetamide-1,3,5(10)-triene (5e) and 2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-17β-butyramide-1,3,5(10)-triene (6c) had comparable or better antitumor activity than 2-methoxyestradiol. The elimination half-life of 6c (t1/2β=240.93min) is ten times longer than 2-ME and the area under the curve was seven times (AUC0-tmin=2068.20±315.74μgmL-1min) higher than 2-ME, respectively. Whereas 5e had similar pharmacokinetic behavior with 2-ME (t1/2β=22.28min) with a t1/2β of 29.5 min. 6c had higher blood concentration, longer actuation duration and better suppression rate against S180 mouse ascites tumor than 2-methoxyestradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Feng Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Haifeng Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, The People's Hospital of Chizhou, 3 Baiya Road, Chizhou, Anhui 247000, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Pharmaceutical Department, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, 661 Yellow River 2nd Road, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Shuaijun Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China; Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou 450053, Henan, China
| | - Ruifang Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Panpan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Liwen Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Technology of Drug Preparation (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, China; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, China; Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Henan Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, China.
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11
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Tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site: a perspective of privileged structures. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1765-1794. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vital roles of microtubule in mitosis and cell division make it an attractive target for antitumor therapy. Colchicine binding site of tubulin is one of the most important pockets that have been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents. Over the past few years, a large number of colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have been developed inspired by natural products or synthetic origins, and many moieties frequently used in these CBSIs are structurally in common. In this review, we will classify the CBSIs into classical CBSIs and nonclassical CBSIs according to their spatial conformations and binding modes with tubulin, and highlight the privileged structures from these CBSIs in the development of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site.
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Kumar BS, Raghuvanshi DS, Hasanain M, Alam S, Sarkar J, Mitra K, Khan F, Negi AS. Recent Advances in chemistry and pharmacology of 2-methoxyestradiol: An anticancer investigational drug. Steroids 2016; 110:9-34. [PMID: 27020471 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an estrogen hormone metabolite is a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Presently, it is an investigational drug under various phases of clinical trials alone or in combination therapy. Its anticancer activity has been attributed to its antitubulin, antiangiogenic, pro-apoptotic and ROS induction properties. This anticancer drug candidate has been explored extensively in last twenty years for its detailed chemistry and pharmacology. Present review is an update of its chemistry and biological activity. It also extends an assessment of potential of 2ME2 and its analogues as possible anticancer drug in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sathish Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Raghuvanshi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kalyan Mitra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Arvind S Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
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13
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Thomas MP, Potter BVL. Discovery and Development of the Aryl O-Sulfamate Pharmacophore for Oncology and Women's Health. J Med Chem 2015; 58:7634-58. [PMID: 25992880 PMCID: PMC5159624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In 1994, following work from this laboratory, it was reported that estrone-3-O-sulfamate irreversibly inhibits a new potential hormone-dependent cancer target steroid sulfatase (STS). Subsequent drug discovery projects were initiated to develop the core aryl O-sulfamate pharmacophore that, over some 20 years, have led to steroidal and nonsteroidal drugs in numerous preclinical and clinical trials, with promising results in oncology and women's health, including endometriosis. Drugs have been designed to inhibit STS, e.g., Irosustat, as innovative dual-targeting aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs) and as multitargeting agents for hormone-independent tumors, such as the steroidal STX140 and nonsteroidal counterparts, acting inter alia through microtubule disruption. The aryl sulfamate pharmacophore is highly versatile, operating via three distinct mechanisms of action, and imbues attractive pharmaceutical properties. This Perspective gives a personal view of the work leading both to the therapeutic concepts and these drugs, their current status, and how they might develop in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
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14
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Huber J, Wölfling J, Schneider G, Ocsovszki I, Varga M, Zupkó I, Mernyák E. Synthesis of antiproliferative 13α-d-homoestrones via Lewis acid-promoted one-pot Prins-Ritter reactions of d-secosteroidal δ-alkenyl-aldehydes. Steroids 2015. [PMID: 26210211 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple one-pot Prins-Ritter route was developed for the synthesis of 16-acylamino-17a-hydroxy-d-homoestrone 3-benzyl and 3-methyl ethers in the 13α-estrone series. The d-secosteroidal δ-alkenyl-aldehydes were allowed to react with different nitriles in the presence of BF3·OEt2 as a Lewis acid catalyst. Prins cyclizations afforded 17a-hydroxy-16-carbenium ions, which underwent Ritter reactions with nitriles, leading to 16α- or 16β-acylamino derivatives. A side-product in which a dihydro-1,3-oxazine was bridged to six-membered ring D at positions 16α,17aα was formed in each reaction. The antiproliferative properties of the novel 13α-d-homosteroids were determined on a panel of human adherent cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361, A2780 and A431) by means of MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Some compounds proved to be more effective (with submicromolar IC50 values) than the reference agent cisplatin. One of the most potent compounds substantially increased the rate of tubulin polymerization. Cell cycle analyses by flow cytometry indicated a concentration-dependent accumulation of the G2/M cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Huber
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Ocsovszki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Varga
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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15
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Thomas MP, Potter BVL. Estrogen O-sulfamates and their analogues: Clinical steroid sulfatase inhibitors with broad potential. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 153:160-9. [PMID: 25843211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen sulfamate derivatives were the first irreversible active-site-directed inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (STS), an emerging drug target for endocrine therapy of hormone dependent diseases that catalyzes inter alia the hydrolysis of estrone sulfate to estrone. In recent years this has stimulated clinical investigation of the estradiol derivative both as an oral prodrug and its currently ongoing exploration in endometriosis. 2-Substituted steroid sulfamate derivatives show considerable potential as multi-targeting agents for hormone-independent disease, but are also potent STS inhibitors. The steroidal template has spawned nonsteroidal STS inhibitors one of which, Irosustat, has been evaluated clinically in breast cancer, endometrial cancer and prostate cancer and there is potential for innovative dual-targeting approaches. This review surveys the role of estrogen sulfamates, their analogues and current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Thomas
- Wolfson Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Barry V L Potter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom.
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16
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Mostafa YA, Kralt B, Rao PP, Taylor SD. A-ring substituted 17β-arylsulfonamides of 17β-aminoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol as highly potent reversible inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. Bioorg Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Visagie MH, Birkholtz LM, Joubert AM. A 2-methoxyestradiol bis-sulphamoylated derivative induces apoptosis in breast cell lines. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:19. [PMID: 25908963 PMCID: PMC4407428 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Research involving antimitotic compounds identified 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), as a promising anticancer endogenous metabolite. Owing to its low bioavailability, several in silico-designed 2ME2 analogues were synthesized. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that an already existing 17-β-estradiol analogue, namely (8R,13S,14S,17S)-2-ethyl-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrane-3,17-diyl bis(sulphamate) (EMBS) to exert potential in vitro anticancer activity. Methods This study investigated the in vitro apoptotic influence of EMBS in an estrogen receptor-positive breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (MCF-7); an estrogen receptor-negative breast epithelial cell line (MDA-MB-231) and a non-tumorigenic breast cell line (MCF-12A). Cell cycle progression, a phosphatidylserine flip, caspase 6-, 7- and 8 enzyme activity levels, Bcl-2 phosphorylation status at serine 70 and Bcl-2- and p53 protein levels were investigated to identify a possible action mechanism for apoptotic induction. Results The xCELLigence real-time label-independent approach revealed that EMBS exerted antiproliferative activity in all three cell lines after 24 h of exposure. A G2M block was observed and apoptosis induction was verified by means of flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V-FITC respectively. EMBS-treated cells demonstrated a reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. EMBS exposure resulted in a statistically significant increase in p53 protein expression, decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and a decrease in pBcl-2(s70) phosphorylation status in all three cell lines. Results support the notion that EMBS induces apoptosis in all three cell lines. Conclusion This study includes investigation into the apoptotic hallmarks exerted by EMBS after exposure of three cell lines namely MCF-7-, MDA-MDA-231- and MCF-12A cells. Increased caspase 6-, caspase 7- and caspase 8 activities, upregulation of p53 protein expression and a decrease in phosphorylation status of Bcl-2 at serine 70 in tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic lines were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Helen Visagie
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028 South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X 323, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa
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18
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Sommerwerk S, Heller L, Csuk R. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Pentacyclic Triterpenoid Sulfamates. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:46-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Sommerwerk
- Martin-Luther-Universit; ä; t Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-Universit; ä; t Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-Universit; ä; t Halle-Wittenberg; Bereich Organische Chemie; Halle (Saale) Germany
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19
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Solum EJ, Cheng JJ, Sylte I, Vik A, Hansen TV. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling of new analogs of the anti-cancer agent 2-methoxyestradiol: potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural-activity studies on the steroid 2-methoxyestradiol revealed a new analog that exhibited potent inhibition of angiogenesis and cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirik Johansson Solum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Jing-Jy Cheng
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics
- National Yang-Ming University
| | - Ingebrigt Sylte
- Department of Medical Biology
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- UiT – The Arctic University of Norway
- 9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Anders Vik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Oslo
- N-0316 Oslo
- Norway
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20
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Mernyák E, Szabó J, Bacsa I, Huber J, Schneider G, Minorics R, Bózsity N, Zupkó I, Varga M, Bikádi Z, Hazai E, Wölfling J. Syntheses and antiproliferative effects of D-homo- and D-secoestrones. Steroids 2014; 87:128-36. [PMID: 24928727 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Substituted and/or heterocyclic d-homoestrone derivatives were synthetized via the intramolecular cyclization of a δ-alkenyl-d-secoaldehyde, -d-secoalcohol or -d-secocarboxylic acid of estrone 3-benzyl ether. The d-secoalcohol was modified at three sites in the molecule. The in vitro antiproliferative activities of the new d-homo- and d-secoestrone derivatives were determined on HeLa, MCF-7, A431 and A2780 cells through use of MTT assay. d-Homoalcohols 3 and 5 displayed cell line-selective cytostatic effects against ovarian and cervical cell lines, respectively. Two d-secoestrones (6 and 12c) proved to be effective, with IC50 values comparable with those of the reference agent cisplatin. A selected compound (6) was tested by tubulin polymerization assay and its cancer specificity was additionally determined by using noncancerous human fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Johanna Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Bacsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Huber
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gyula Schneider
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Bózsity
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Varga
- Cereal Research Non-Profit LTD, P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Bikádi
- Virtua Drug Ltd, Csalogány u. 4C, H-1015 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Hazai
- Virtua Drug Ltd, Csalogány u. 4C, H-1015 Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Wölfling
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Dohle W, Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Chapman CJ, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Optimisation of tetrahydroisoquinoline-based chimeric microtubule disruptors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1783-93. [PMID: 24819406 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based "chimeric" microtubule disruptors were optimised through modification of the N-benzyl motif, in concert with changes at C3 and C7, resulting in the identification of compounds with improved in vitro antiproliferative activities (e.g. 15: GI50 20 nM in DU-145). The broad anticancer activity of these novel structures was confirmed in the NCI 60-cell line assay, with 12 e,f displaying MGM values in the 40 nM region. In addition, their profiles as inhibitors of tubulin polymerisation and colchicine binding to tubulin were confirmed. Compound 15, for example, inhibited tubulin polymerisation with an IC50 of 1.8 μM, close to that of the clinical drug combretastatin A-4, and also proved effective at blocking colchicine binding. Additionally, compound 20 b was identified as the only phenol in the series to date showing both better in vitro antiproliferative properties than its corresponding sulfamate and excellent antitubulin data (IC50=.6 μM). Compound 12 f was selected for in vivo evaluation at the NCI in the hollow fibre assay and showed very good activity and wide tissue distribution, illustrating the value of this template for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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Jeyachandran V, Vivek Kumar S, Ranjith Kumar R. Synthesis of novel 16-spiro steroids: 7-(Aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazolo estrone hybrid heterocycles. Steroids 2014; 82:29-37. [PMID: 24462648 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from the reaction of isatins or acenaphthylene-1,2-dione and 1,3-thiazolane-4-carboxylic acid to various exocyclic dipolarophiles synthesized from estrone afforded a library of novel C-16 spiro oxindole or acenaphthylene-1-one - 7-(aryl)tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,3]thiazole - estrone hybrid heterocycles. These reactions occur regio- and stereo-selectively affording a single isomer of the spiro estrones in excellent yields with the formation of two C-C and one C-N bonds along with the generation of four new contiguous stereo-centers in a single step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerappan Jeyachandran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundaravel Vivek Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raju Ranjith Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India.
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23
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Dohle W, Thomas MP, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Synthesis, anti-tubulin and antiproliferative SAR of steroidomimetic dihydroisoquinolinones. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:798-812. [PMID: 24596315 PMCID: PMC4114533 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A SAR translation strategy adopted for the discovery of tetrahydroisoquinolinone (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule disruptors has been extended to dihydroisoquinolinone (DHIQ)-based compounds. A steroid A,B-ring-mimicking DHIQ core was connected to methoxyaryl D-ring mimics through methylene, carbonyl, and sulfonyl linkers, and the resulting compounds were evaluated against two cancer cell lines. The carbonyl-linked DHIQs in particular exhibit significant in vitro antiproliferative activities (e.g., 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (16 g): GI50 51 nm in DU-145 cells). The broad anticancer activity of DHIQ 16 g was confirmed in the NCI 60-cell line assay giving a mean activity of 33 nm. Furthermore, 6-hydroxy-2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one (16 f) and 16 g and their sulfamate derivatives 17 f and 17 g (2-(3,5-dimethoxybenzoyl)-7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 7-methoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, respectively) show excellent activity against the polymerization of tubulin, close to that of the clinical combretastatin A-4, and bind competitively at the colchicine binding site of tubulin. Compounds 16 f and 17 f were also shown to demonstrate in vitro anti-angiogenic activity. Additionally, X-ray and computational analyses of 17 f reveal that electrostatic repulsion between the two adjacent carbonyl groups, through conformational biasing, dictates the adoption of a “steroid-like” conformation that may partially explain the excellent in vitro activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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24
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Dohle W, Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Bai R, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Kasprzyk PG, Fiore A, Newman SP, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Synthesis, antitubulin, and antiproliferative SAR of C3/C1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:350-70. [PMID: 24436228 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses and antiproliferative activities of novel substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives and their sulfamates are discussed. Biasing of conformational populations through substitution on the tetrahydroisoquinoline core at C1 and C3 has a profound effect on the antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines. The C3 methyl-substituted sulfamate (±)-7-methoxy-2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-3-methyl-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (6 b), for example, was found to be ∼10-fold more potent than the corresponding non-methylated compound 7-methoxy-2-(3-methoxybenzyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (4 b) against DU-145 prostate cancer cells (GI50 values: 220 nM and 2.1 μM, respectively). Such compounds were also found to be active against a drug-resistant MCF breast cancer cell line. The position and nature of substitution of the N-benzyl group in the C3-substituted series was found to have a significant effect on activity. Whereas C1 methylation has little effect on activity, introduction of C1 phenyl and C3-gem-dimethyl substituents greatly decreases antiproliferative activity. The ability of these compounds to inhibit microtubule polymerisation and to bind tubulin in a competitive manner versus colchicine confirms the mechanism of action. The therapeutic potential of a representative compound was confirmed in an in vivo multiple myeloma xenograft study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY (UK)
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25
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Major MR, Dohle W, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Fiore A, Kasprzyk PG, Potter BVL. Tetrahydroisoquinolinone-based steroidomimetic and chimeric microtubule disruptors. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:85-108, 1. [PMID: 24124095 PMCID: PMC3877212 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) translation strategy was used for the discovery of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic and chimeric microtubule disruptors based upon a steroidal starting point. A steroid A,B-ring-mimicking THIQ core was connected to methoxyaryl D-ring ring mimics through methylene, carbonyl and sulfonyl linkers to afford a number of steroidomimetic hits (e.g., 7-methoxy-2-(3- methoxybenzyl)-6-sulfamoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (20 c) GI₅₀=2.1 μM). Optimisation and control experiments demonstrate the complementary SAR of this series and the steroid derivatives that inspired its design. Linkage of the THIQ-based A,B-mimic with the trimethoxyaryl motif prevalent in colchicine site binding microtubule disruptors delivered a series of chimeric molecules whose activity (GI₅₀=40 nM) surpasses that of the parent steroid derivatives. Validation of this strategy was obtained from the excellent oral activity of 7-methoxy-6-sulfamoyloxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline relative to a benchmark steroidal bis- sulfamate in an in vivo model of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Fabrice L. Jourdan
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Meriel R. Major
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 (USA)
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex (France)
| | - Ann Fiore
- IPSEN, 27 Maple St, Milford, MA (USA)
| | | | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY (UK)
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26
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Mostafa YA, Taylor SD. Steroid derivatives as inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:183-98. [PMID: 23391659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated steroids function as a storage reservoir of biologically active steroid hormones. The sulfated steroids themselves are biologically inactive and only become active in vivo when they are converted into their desulfated (unconjugated) form by the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS). Inhibitors of STS are considered to be potential therapeutics for the treatment of steroid-dependent cancers such as breast, prostate and endometrial cancer. The present review summarizes steroid derivatives as inhibitors of STS covering the literature from the early years of STS inhibitor development to October of 2012. A brief discussion of the function, structure and mechanism of STS and its role in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) hormone-dependent breast cancer is also presented. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser A Mostafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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27
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Gupta A, Kumar BS, Negi AS. Current status on development of steroids as anticancer agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 137:242-70. [PMID: 23727548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are important biodynamic agents. Their affinities for various nuclear receptors have been an interesting feature to utilize them for drug development particularly for receptor mediated diseases. Steroid biochemistry and its crucial role in human physiology, has attained importance among the researchers. Recent years have seen an extensive focus on modification of steroids. The rational modifications of perhydrocyclopentanophenanthrene nucleus of steroids have yielded several important anticancer lead molecules. Exemestane, SR16157, fulvestrant and 2-methoxyestradiol are some of the successful leads emerged on steroidal pharmacophores. The present review is an update on some of the steroidal leads obtained during past 25 years. Various steroid based enzyme inhibitors, antiestrogens, cytotoxic conjugates and steroidal cytotoxic molecules of natural as well as synthetic origin have been highlighted. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Synthesis and biological testing of steroid derivatives as inhibitors".
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, U.P., India
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Le Bideau
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg (UMR 7177), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg 67000, France
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29
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Wang ZX, Chen JL, Qiao C. Praziquantel Derivatives with Antischistosomal Activity: Aromatic Ring Modification. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 82:216-25. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-xia Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Soochow University; 199 RenAi Road; Suzhou; 215123; Jiangsu; China
| | - Jing-lei Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Soochow University; 199 RenAi Road; Suzhou; 215123; Jiangsu; China
| | - Chunhua Qiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Soochow University; 199 RenAi Road; Suzhou; 215123; Jiangsu; China
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30
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Savić MP, Djurendić EA, Petri ET, Ćelić A, Klisurić OR, Sakač MN, Jakimov DS, Kojić VV, Gaši KMP. Synthesis, structural analysis and antiproliferative activity of some novel D-homo lactone androstane derivatives. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra41336e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Steroid sulfatase (STS) converts sulfated hormones to free hormones of importance in hormone-dependent diseases such as breast cancer and endometriosis. Carbohydrate sulfatases degrade complex carbohydrates as part of normal cellular turnover; certain lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) involve defective processing of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by mutant sulfatases. AREAS COVERED Aryl sulfamates have been developed as STS inhibitors, and STX64 and PGL2001 are under evaluation in Phase I and II clinical trials for treatment of endometrial and metastatic breast and prostate cancers and endometriosis. Dual-acting compounds have emerged that are aromatase inhibitors (AIs), selective estrogen receptor antagonists, or inhibitors of microtubule polymerization. Sulfamidase inhibitors as pharmacological chaperones to assist maturation of folding-defective mutants for the treatment of Sanfilippo type A disease are under investigation. Coverage: The patent literature after the mid-1990s. EXPERT OPINION The failure of STX64 in a Phase II monotherapy clinical trial should not dissuade further investigations in multidrug regimens, particularly in combination with AIs. The recent development of dual-acting compounds may enhance the potential for success in the clinic. Further investigations into aryl sulfamates are required to clarify the molecular mechanism of action; additionally, new reversible sulfatase inhibition concepts are needed for the development of pharmacological chaperones for sulfatase LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Williams
- University of Melbourne, School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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32
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Prakasham AP, Shanker K, Negi AS. A simple and convenient synthesis of 2-methoxyestradiol from estrone. Steroids 2012; 77:467-70. [PMID: 22266333 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple and straightforward synthesis of 2-methoxyestradiol have been achieved in nine synthetic steps with 21% of overall yield. Being a convenient process, it can be upscaled to industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Prakasham
- Chemical Sciences Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP-CSIR), P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow, 226015 UP, India
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33
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Leese MP, Jourdan F, Dohle W, Kimberley MR, Thomas MP, Bai R, Hamel E, Ferrandis E, Potter BVL. Steroidomimetic Tetrahydroisoquinolines for the Design of New Microtubule Disruptors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:5-9. [PMID: 22247790 PMCID: PMC3256937 DOI: 10.1021/ml200232c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Structure–activity relationship translation offers
an expeditious
means for discovery of new active series. This approach was applied
to discover tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ)-based steroidomimetic microtubule
disruptors. The two A-ring elements of a three-point steroidal pharmacophore
were incorporated into a THIQ-based A,B-ring mimic to which an H-bond
acceptor was attached as the third motif. Optimization of the representative 6c through conformational biasing delivered
a 10-fold gain in activity and a new series of microtubule disruptors
(e.g., 9c) with antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar
range. The THIQ derivatives match, or surpass, the activities of the
steroidal series and exhibit improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P. Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Dohle
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Meriel R. Kimberley
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch,
Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and
Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United
States
| | - Eric Ferrandis
- IPSEN, Institut de Recherche Henri Beaufour, 91966 Les Ulis Cedex, France
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Panchapakesan G, Dhayalan V, Dhatchana Moorthy N, Saranya N, Mohanakrishnan AK. Synthesis of 2-substituted 17β-hydroxy/17-methylene estratrienes and their in vitro cytotoxicity in human cancer cell cultures. Steroids 2011; 76:1491-504. [PMID: 21872616 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of various types of 2-(alkylaminomethyl) and 2-(aroyl) 17β-estradiol analogs are reported. The synthesis of similar types of 2-substituted 17-methylene estratriene analogs was also achieved. Synthesis of chalcone derivatives of 17β-estradiol and 17-methylene estratriene were also realized. All these 2-substituted estratrienes were tested for their antiproliferative activity by using four different cell lines from colon, lung, glioma and breast cancers. Among the various 2-substituted estratrienes, the compounds 10d, 14a-h and 17e were found to have in vitro antiproliferative activity comparable to that of parent analogs 1-4. Comparison of the SAR pattern of these 2-susbtituted estratriene derivatives confirmed that relatively, 17-methylene estratrienes are more active than that of 17β-estradiol analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Panchapakesan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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35
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LIAO SIYAN, QIAN LI, CHEN JINCAN, SHEN YONG, ZHENG KANGCHENG. 2D/3D-QSAR STUDY ON ANALOGUES OF 2-METHOXYESTRADIOL WITH ANTICANCER ACTIVITY. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633608003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) of 23 analogs of 2-Methoxyestradiol with anticancer activity (expressed as p GI50) against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells have been studied by using a combined method of the DFT, MM2 and statistics for 2D, as well as the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) for 3D. The established 2D-QSAR model in training set shows not only significant statistical quality, but also predictive ability, with the square of adjusted correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] and the square of the cross-validation coefficient (q2= 0.779). The same model was further applied to predict p GI50values of the four compounds in the test set, and the resulting [Formula: see text] being as high as 0.827, further confirms that this 2D-QSAR model has high predictive ability for this kind of compound. The 3D-QSAR model also shows good correlative and predictive capabilities in terms of R2(0.927) and q2(0.786) obtained from CoMFA model. The results that 2D- and 3D-QSAR analyses accord with each other, suggest that the electrostatic interaction plays a decisive role in determining the anticancer activity of the studied compounds, and that increasing the negative charge of substituent R2and the positive charge of substituents linking to C17as well as decreasing the size of substituent R1are advantageous to improving the cytotoxicity. Such results can offer some useful theoretical references for directing the molecular design and understanding the action mechanism of this kind of compound with anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- SI YAN LIAO
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - LI QIAN
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - JIN CAN CHEN
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - YONG SHEN
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - KANG CHENG ZHENG
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan (Sun Yat-Sen) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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36
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Stander XX, Stander BA, Joubert AM. In vitro effects of an in silico-modelled 17β-estradiol derivative in combination with dichloroacetic acid on MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:567-81. [PMID: 21992416 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00789.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate anti-proliferative properties of a novel in silico-modelled 17β-oestradiol derivative (C9), in combination with dichloroacetic acid (DCA), on MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS xCELLigence system was employed to determine optimal seeding number for cells, and crystal violet assay was used to assess cell number and to determine IC(50) value (24 h) for combination treatment. Light and fluorescent microscopy techniques were used to morphologically detect types of cell death. Flow cytometry was used to analyse cell cycle and apoptosis. RESULTS Optimal seeding number for 96-well plates was determined to be 5000-10 000 cells/well for both MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells. IC(50) for MCF-7 cells of the combination treatment after 24 h was 130 nm of C9 in conjunction with 7.5 mm of DCA (P < 0.05). In contrast, the same concentration inhibited cell population growth by only 29.3% for MCF-12As after 24-h treatment (P < 0.05). Morphological studies revealed lower cell density of both types of combination-treated cells. Flow cytometric analyses demonstrated increase in sub-G(1) phase in combination-treated MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the novel 17β-oestradiol derivative C9, in combination with DCA is a potent anti-proliferation treatment, with properties of selectivity towards tumourigenic cells. Thus, this warrants further studies as a potential combination chemotherapeutic agent for further cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Stander
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
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37
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Kang CM, Choe YS, Jung KH, Choi JY, Lee KH, Kim BT. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 2-[11C]methoxyestradiol-3,17β-O,O-bissulfamate for in vivo studies of angiogenesis. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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38
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Akselsen ØW, Hansen TV. ortho-Formylation of estrogens. Synthesis of the anti-cancer agent 2-methoxyestradiol. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Woo LWL, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Development of steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 340:175-85. [PMID: 21238537 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolysis of biologically inactive steroid sulfates to unconjugated steroids by steroid sulfatase (STS) is strongly implicated in rendering estrogenic stimulation to hormone-dependent cancers such as those of the breast. Considerable progress has been made in the past two decades with regard to the discovery, design and development of STS inhibitors. We outline historical aspects of their development, cumulating in the discovery of the first clinical trial candidate STX64 (BN83495, Irosustat) and other sulfamate-based inhibitors. The development of reversible STS inhibitors and the design of dual inhibitors of both aromatase and STS is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Lawrence Woo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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40
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Jourdan F, Leese MP, Dohle W, Ferrandis E, Newman SP, Chander S, Purohit A, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17-substituted estratriene-3-O-sulfamates as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4863-79. [PMID: 21604672 DOI: 10.1021/jm200483x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and antiproliferative activities of analogues of 2-substituted estradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulfamates (E2bisMATEs) are discussed. Modifications of the C-17 substituent confirm that an H-bond acceptor is essential for high activity; its optimal linkage to C-17 and the local environment in which it resides are defined. In the non-sulfamoylated series 17β-acyl substitution delivers 48b, the most potent compound identified to date. In the sulfamate series a number of permutations of linker and H-bond acceptor deliver excellent activity, with 55, 61, 65, 49a, and 49b proving especially promising. The in vivo potential of these compounds was explored in the NCI hollow fiber assay and also in a mouse Matrigel model of antiangiogenesis in which 49 and 55 show significant inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Jourdan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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41
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Schobert R, Seibt S, Effenberger-Neidnicht K, Underhill C, Biersack B, Hammond GL. (Arene)Cl₂Ru(II) complexes with N-coordinated estrogen and androgen isonicotinates: interaction with sex hormone binding globulin and anticancer activity. Steroids 2011; 76:393-9. [PMID: 21184767 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
(Arene)dichloridoruthenium(II) complexes with N-coordinated isonicotinates of androgens (6) and estrogens (9) were prepared and tested for affinity to the estrogen receptor (ERα) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), as well as for cytotoxicity in cancer cells. None of the new complexes bound noticeably to the ER and most of them also bound less strongly to SHBG than the corresponding unmetallated steroids 7. In MTT assays the Ru(p-cymene) complexes 9 of 2-substituted estrones were equally or even more cytotoxic than the metal-free steroids against hormone-dependent (MCF-7 breast and KB-V1 cervix carcinomas) and hormone-independent (518A2 melanoma) cells. The addition of external SHBG to MTT assays lowered the cytotoxicities of the complexes 9 and distinctly more so those of some steroids 7, probably by the way of sequestration and reduction of the cellular uptake. In the absence of SHBG the estrogen complexes 9 were internalized by 518A2 melanoma cells and ruthenated their DNA as quantified by ICP-OES. They also ruthenated salmon sperm DNA but did not change the topology of plasmid DNA in EMSA experiments. In addition, the Ru(p-cymene) complex of 2-ethoxyestrone (9c) was shown to reduce the motility of 518A2 melanoma cells in a wound-healing assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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42
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Cozier GE, Leese MP, Lloyd MD, Baker MD, Thiyagarajan N, Acharya KR, Potter BVL. Structures of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II/Inhibitor Complexes Reveal a Second Binding Site for Steroidal and Nonsteroidal Inhibitors,. Biochemistry 2010; 49:3464-76. [DOI: 10.1021/bi902178w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyles E. Cozier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
| | - Mathew P. Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology
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43
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Xin M, You Q, Xiang H. An efficient, practical synthesis of 2-methoxyestradiol. Steroids 2010; 75:53-6. [PMID: 19835898 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and practical scheme to synthesize 2-methoxyestradiol has been developed. The key step was the copper-mediated methoxylation using ethyl acetate as a co-catalyst to introduce a methoxyl group. These synthetic procedures of four steps from 17beta-estradiol as starting material gave 2-methoxyestradiol with a 61% overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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44
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Class III beta-tubulin expression and in vitro resistance to microtubule targeting agents. Br J Cancer 2009; 102:316-24. [PMID: 20029418 PMCID: PMC2816659 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class III beta-tubulin overexpression is a marker of resistance to microtubule disruptors in vitro, in vivo and in the clinic for many cancers, including breast cancer. The aims of this study were to develop a new model of class III beta-tubulin expression, avoiding the toxicity associated with chronic overexpression of class III beta-tubulin, and study the efficacy of a panel of clinical and pre-clinical drugs in this model. METHODS MCF-7 (ER+ve) and MDA-MB-231 (ER-ve) were either transfected with pALTER-TUBB3 or siRNA-tubb3 and 24 h later exposed to test compounds for a further 96 h for proliferation studies. RT-PCR and immunoblotting were used to monitor the changes in class III beta-tubulin mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS The model allowed for subtle changes in class III beta-tubulin expression to be achieved, which had no direct effect on the viability of the cells. Class III beta-tubulin overexpression conferred resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine, whereas downregulation of class III beta-tubulin rendered cells more sensitive to these two drugs. The efficacy of the colchicine-site binding agents, 2-MeOE2, colchicine, STX140, ENMD1198 and STX243 was unaffected by the changes in class III beta-tubulin expression. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the effect of class III beta-tubulin overexpression may depend on where the drug's binding site is located on the tubulin. Therefore, this study highlights for the first time the potential key role of targeting the colchicine-binding site, to develop new treatment modalities for taxane-refractory breast cancer.
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45
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Möller G, Deluca D, Gege C, Rosinus A, Kowalik D, Peters O, Droescher P, Elger W, Adamski J, Hillisch A. Structure-based design, synthesis and in vitro characterization of potent 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors based on 2-substitutions of estrone and D-homo-estrone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:6740-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Revised: 09/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Mi Q, Pezzuto JM, Farnsworth NR, Wani MC, Kinghorn AD, Swanson SM. Use of the in vivo hollow fiber assay in natural products anticancer drug discovery. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:573-80. [PMID: 19161316 PMCID: PMC2765512 DOI: 10.1021/np800767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo hollow fiber assay was developed at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to help bridge the gap between in vitro cell-based assays and human tumor models propagated in immunodeficient mice. The goal was to develop an intermediate assay that could help predict which compounds found active in the 60-cell line panel would be active in a subsequent xenograft system. This was necessary due to the high cost of the traditional xenograft assay in terms of number of animals required, time for assay completion, and financial commitment necessary. To address this problem, investigators of the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program designed a method of propagating human cancer cells in inert hollow fibers with pores small enough to retain the cancer cells but large enough to permit entry of potential chemotherapeutic drugs, including large proteins and other important substances. Fibers containing proliferating cancer cells are transplanted into the peritoneum or under the skin, the host mice are treated with a test agent, and the fibers are subsequently retrieved for analysis of viable cell mass. The assay has been successful in helping investigators from around the world, including our own research group, prioritize compounds active in vitro for further testing in the traditional xenograft system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwen Mi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720
| | - Norman R. Farnsworth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Mansukh C. Wani
- Natural Products Laboratory, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - A. Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Steven M. Swanson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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47
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Day JM, Foster PA, Tutill HJ, Newman SP, Ho YT, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. BCRP expression does not result in resistance to STX140 in vivo, despite the increased expression of BCRP in A2780 cells in vitro after long-term STX140 exposure. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:476-86. [PMID: 19156141 PMCID: PMC2658539 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of the endogenous oestrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2), are enhanced in a series of sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-MeOE2. To investigate possible mechanisms of resistance to these compounds, a cell line, A2780.140, eightfold less sensitive to the 3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamoylated derivative, STX140, was derived from the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line by dose escalation. Other cell lines tested did not develop STX140 resistance. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression is dramatically increased in A2780.140 cells. The cells are cross-resistant to the most structurally similar bis-sulphamates, and to BCRP substrates, mitoxantrone and doxorubicin; but they remain sensitive to taxol, an MDR1 substrate, and to all other sulphamates tested. Sensitivity can be restored using a BCRP inhibitor, and this pattern of resistance is also seen in a BCRP-expressing MCF-7-derived cell line, MCF-7.MR. In mice bearing wild-type (wt) and BCRP-expressing tumours on either flank, both STX140 and mitoxantrone inhibited the growth of the MCF-7wt xenografts, but only STX140 inhibited growth of the MCF-7.MR tumours. In conclusion, STX140, a promising orally bioavailable anti-cancer agent in pre-clinical development, is highly efficacious in BCRP-expressing xenografts. This is despite an increase in BCRP expression in A2780 cells in vitro after chronic dosing with STX140.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Day
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK.
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48
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Parsons MFC, Foster PA, Chander SK, Jhalli R, Newman SP, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Purohit A, Reed MJ. The in vivo properties of STX243: a potent angiogenesis inhibitor in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1433-41. [PMID: 18841154 PMCID: PMC2579677 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidal-based drug 2-ethyloestradiol-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX243) has been developed as a potent antiangiogenic and antitumour compound. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether STX243 is more active in vivo than the clinically relevant drug 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2) and the structurally similar compound 2-MeOE2-3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamate (STX140). The tumour growth inhibition efficacy, antiangiogenic potential and pharmacokinetics of STX243 were examined using four in vivo models. Both STX243 and STX140 were capable of retarding the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumours (72 and 63%, respectively), whereas no inhibition was observed for animals treated with 2-MeOE2. Further tumour inhibition studies showed that STX243 was also active against MCF-7 paclitaxel-resistant tumours. Using a Matrigel plug-based model, in vivo angiogenesis was restricted with STX243 and STX140 (50 and 72%, respectively, using a 10 mg kg(-1) oral dose), thereby showing the antiangiogenic activity of both compounds. The pharmacokinetics of STX243 were examined at two different doses using adult female rats. The compound was orally bioavailable (31% after a single 10 mg kg(-1) dose) and resistant to metabolism. These results show that STX243 is a potent in vivo drug and could be clinically effective at treating a number of oncological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F C Parsons
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - P A Foster
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - S K Chander
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - R Jhalli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - S P Newman
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M P Leese
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - B V L Potter
- Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Sterix Ltd., University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - A Purohit
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - M J Reed
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine and Sterix Ltd., Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK
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49
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Newman SP, Foster PA, Stengel C, Day JM, Ho YT, Judde JG, Lassalle M, Prevost G, Leese MP, Potter BVL, Reed MJ, Purohit A. STX140 is efficacious in vitro and in vivo in taxane-resistant breast carcinoma cells. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:597-606. [PMID: 18223236 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of these studies was to characterize the action of STX140 in a P-glycoprotein-overexpressing tumor cell line both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, its efficacy was determined against xenografts derived from patients who failed docetaxel therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of STX140, Taxol, and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-MeOE2) on cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis were assessed in vitro in drug-resistant cells (MCF-7(DOX)) and the parental cell line (MCF-7(WT)). Mice bearing an MCF-7(DOX) tumor on one flank and an MCF-7(WT) tumor on the other flank were used to assess the in vivo efficacy. Furthermore, the responses to STX140 of three xenografts, derived from drug-resistant patients, were assessed. RESULTS In this study, STX140 caused cell cycle arrest, cyclin B1 induction, and subsequent apoptosis of both MCF-7(DOX) and MCF-7(WT) cells. Taxol and 2-MeOE2 were only active in the MCF-7(WT) parental cell line. Although both STX140 and Taxol inhibited the growth of xenografts derived from MCF-7(WT) cells, only STX140 inhibited the growth of tumors derived from MCF-7(DOX) cells. 2-MeOE2 was ineffective at the dose tested against both tumor types. Two out of the three newly derived docetaxel-resistant xenografts, including a metastatic triple-negative tumor, responded to STX140 but not to docetaxel treatment. CONCLUSIONS STX140 shows excellent efficacy in both MCF-7(WT) and MCF-7(DOX) breast cancer xenograft models, in contrast to Taxol and 2-MeOE2. The clinical potential of STX140 was further highlighted by the efficacy seen in xenografts recently derived from patients who had failed on taxane therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Newman
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.
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50
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Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Gaukroger K, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Foster PA, Stengel C, Regis-Lydi S, Ferrandis E, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BVL. Structure-activity relationships of C-17 cyano-substituted estratrienes as anticancer agents. J Med Chem 2008; 51:1295-308. [PMID: 18260615 DOI: 10.1021/jm701319c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, SAR, and preclinical evaluation of 17-cyanated 2-substituted estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes as anticancer agents are discussed. 2-Methoxy-17beta-cyanomethylestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol ( 14), but not the related 2-ethyl derivative 7, and the related 3- O-sulfamates 8 and 15 display potent antiproliferative effects (MCF-7 GI 50 300, 60 and 70 nM, respectively) against human cancer cells in vitro. Investigation of the SAR reveals that a sterically unhindered hydrogen bond acceptor attached to C-17 is most likely key to the enhanced activity. Compound 8 displayed significant in vitro antiangiogenic activity, and its ability to act as a microtubule disruptor was confirmed. Inhibitory activity of the sulfamate derivatives against steroid sulfatase and carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII) was also observed, and the interaction between 15 and hCAII was investigated by protein crystallography. The potential of these multimechanism anticancer agents was confirmed in vivo, with promising activity observed for both 14 and 15 in an athymic nude mouse MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew P Leese
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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