1
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Singh S, Utreja D, Kumar V. Pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine: a promising fused heterocycle to target kinases in cancer therapy. Med Chem Res 2021; 31:1-25. [PMID: 34803342 PMCID: PMC8590428 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide responsible for about 10 million deaths per year. To date several approaches have been developed to treat this deadly disease including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and synthetic lethality. The targeted therapy refers to targeting only specific proteins or enzymes that are dysregulated in cancer rather than killing all rapidly dividing cells, has gained much attention in the recent past. Kinase inhibition is one of the most successful approaches in targeted therapy. As of 30 March 2021, FDA has approved 65 small molecule protein kinase inhibitors and most of them are for cancer therapy. Interestingly, several kinase inhibitors contain one or more fused heterocycles as part of their structures. Pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine is one the most interesting fused heterocycle that is an integral part of several kinase inhibitors and nucleoside drugs viz. avapritinib and remdesivir. This review articles focus on the recent advances made in the development of kinase inhibitors containing pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine scaffold. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Divya Utreja
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 Punjab India
| | - Vimal Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology (NIT), Jalandhar, 144011 Punjab India
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2
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Rai GS, Maru JJ. Synthetic strategies for pyrrolo[2,1- f][1,2,4]triazine: the parent moiety of antiviral drug remdesivir. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021; 56:1517-1522. [PMID: 33424029 PMCID: PMC7779642 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes diverse synthetic protocols for the preparation of pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine derivatives, covering literature sources from the past two decades. For effective representation, the synthetic methods toward the title compound are classified into six distinct categories: 1) synthesis from pyrrole derivatives, 2) synthesis via bromohydrazone, 3) synthesis via formation of triazinium dicyanomethylide, 4) multistep synthesis, 5) transition metal mediated synthesis, and 6) rearrangement of pyrrolooxadiazines. A brief outline of all optimized schemes is provided with relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav S. Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
| | - Jayesh J. Maru
- Department of Chemistry, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 India
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3
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Volynets G, Lukashov S, Borysenko I, Gryshchenko A, Starosyla S, Bdzhola V, Ruban T, Iatsyshyna A, Lukash L, Bilokin Y, Yarmoluk S. Identification of protein kinase fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) inhibitors among the derivatives of 5-(5,6-dimethoxybenzimidazol-1-yl)-3-hydroxythiophene-2-carboxylic acid. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Exploration of novel pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine derivatives with improved anticancer efficacy as dual inhibitors of c-Met/VEGFR-2. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:814-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Ott GR, Favor DA. Pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines: From C-nucleosides to kinases and back again, the remarkable journey of a versatile nitrogen heterocycle. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4238-4246. [PMID: 28801135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine, a unique NN bond-containing heterocycle with a bridgehead nitrogen, was first synthesized in the late 1970s but did not find utility until more than a decade later in the early 1990s when it was incorporated into C-nucleosides as a novel purine-like mimetic. This heterocycle remained at the fringes of medicinal chemistry until a confluence of events spurred by the explosion of the kinase inhibitor field in the early 2000s and the pressing need for novel, druggable scaffolds to occupy that exciting space led to numerous applications against diverse therapeutic targets. This digest will explore the history of this scaffold and the importance of chemistry in propelling drug discovery. The varied uses of this scaffold will be detailed as it progressed from C-nucleosides, to kinase inhibitors, to recognition as a "privileged" template, and finally reemergence in the C-nucleoside field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Ott
- Discovery & Product Development, Teva Global R&D, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, United States.
| | - David A Favor
- Discovery & Product Development, Teva Global R&D, 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, United States
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6
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Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Spanò V, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Barraja P, Diana P, Cirrincione G. An overview on the recent developments of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives as anticancer compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:328-375. [PMID: 28851503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis, the antitumor activity, the SAR and, whenever described, the possible mode of action of 1,2,4-triazine derivatives, their N-oxides, N,N'-dioxides as well as the benzo- and hetero-fused systems are reported. Herein are treated derivatives disclosed to literature from the beginning of this century up to 2016. Among the three possible triazine isomers, 1,2,4-triazines are the most studied ones and many derivatives having remarkable antitumor activity have been reported in the literature and also patented reaching advanced phases of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Virginia Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Barraja
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
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7
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Kumar R, Singh P, Parsons S, Tewari AK. Experimental and Theoretical Study for the Assessment of the Conformational Analysis of Pyrazolone Derivatives: Employing Quantitative Analysis for Intermolecular Interactions. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Studies); Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Praveen Singh
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Studies); Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Simon Parsons
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions; The University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings; West Mains Road Edinburgh EH9 3JJ Scotland, UK
| | - Ashish K. Tewari
- Department of Chemistry (Center of Advanced Studies); Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University; Varanasi 221005 India
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8
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Qu D, Yan A, Zhang JS. SAR and QSAR study on the bioactivities of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 28:111-132. [PMID: 28235391 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2017.1284898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, structure-activity relationship (SAR, classification) and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models have been established to predict the bioactivity of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors. For the SAR study, we established six SAR (or classification) models to distinguish highly and weakly active HER2 inhibitors. The dataset contained 868 HER2 inhibitors, which was split into a training set including 580 inhibitors and a test set including 288 inhibitors by a Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM), or a random method. The SAR models were performed using support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) methods. Among the six models, SVM models obtained superior results compared with other models. The prediction accuracy of the best model (model 1A) was 90.27% and the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) was 0.80 on the test set. For the QSAR study, we chose 286 HER2 inhibitors to establish six quantitative prediction models using MLR, SVM and MLP methods. The correlation coefficient (r) of the best model (model 4B) was 0.92 on the test set. The descriptors analysis showed that HAccN, lone pair electronegativity and π electronegativity were closely related to the bioactivity of HER2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Qu
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - A Yan
- a State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - J S Zhang
- b The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China , Beijing , P.R. China
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9
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Computer-aided discovery of new FGFR-1 inhibitors followed by in vitro validation. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1841-1869. [PMID: 27643626 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM FGFR-1 is an oncogenic kinase involved in several cancers. FGFR1-specific inhibitors have shown promising results against several human cancers prompting us to model this interesting target. Toward the end, we implemented elaborate ligand-based and structure-based computational workflows to explore the pharmacophoric requirements for potent FGFR-1 inhibitors. Results & methodology: Structure-based and ligand-based modeling applied on 59 diverse FGFR-1 inhibitors yielded novel pharmacophore and quantitative structure-activity relationship models that were used to scan the National Cancer Institute's structural database for novel leads. Four potent hits were captured, with the most active having IC50 of 426 nM. Identities and purities of active hits were established using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. CONCLUSION Elaborate ligand-based (pharmacophore/quantitaive structure-activity relationship) and structure-based (docking-based comparative intermolecular contacts analysis) modeling provided deep understanding of ligand binding within FGFR-1 as evidenced by the virtually captured new potent leads.
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10
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolylaminoquinazoline derivatives as highly potent pan-fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2594-9. [PMID: 27117427 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are important oncology targets due to the dysregulation of this signaling pathway in a wide variety of human cancers. We identified a series of pyrazolylaminoquinazoline derivatives as potent FGFR inhibitors with low nanomolar potency. The representative compound 29 strongly inhibited FGFR1-3 kinase activity and suppressed FGFR signaling transduction in FGFR-addicted cancer cells; FGFRs-driven cell proliferation was also strongly inhibited regardless of mechanistic complexity implicated in FGFR activation, which further confirmed that 29 was a potent pan-FGFR inhibitor. The flexibility of our structure offered the potential to preserve good affinity for mutant FGFR, which is important for developing TKIs with long-term efficacy.
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11
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Lobben PC, Barlow E, Bergum JS, Braem A, Chang SY, Gibson F, Kopp N, Lai C, LaPorte TL, Leahy DK, Müslehiddinoğlu J, Quiroz F, Skliar D, Spangler L, Srivastava S, Wasser D, Wasylyk J, Wethman R, Xu Z. Control Strategy for the Manufacture of Brivanib Alaninate, a Novel Pyrrolotriazine VEGFR/FGFR Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500126u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Lobben
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Evan Barlow
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - James S. Bergum
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alan Braem
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Shih-Ying Chang
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Frank Gibson
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Nathaniel Kopp
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Chiajen Lai
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Thomas L. LaPorte
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - David K. Leahy
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Jale Müslehiddinoğlu
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Fernando Quiroz
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Dimitri Skliar
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Lori Spangler
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Sushil Srivastava
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Daniel Wasser
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - John Wasylyk
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Robert Wethman
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Zhongmin Xu
- Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, One Squibb
Drive, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903, United States
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12
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Koopmanschap G, Ruijter E, Orru RVA. Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions towards cyclic constrained peptidomimetics. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:544-98. [PMID: 24605172 PMCID: PMC3943360 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the recent past, the design and synthesis of peptide mimics (peptidomimetics) has received much attention. This because they have shown in many cases enhanced pharmacological properties over their natural peptide analogues. In particular, the incorporation of cyclic constructs into peptides is of high interest as they reduce the flexibility of the peptide enhancing often affinity for a certain receptor. Moreover, these cyclic mimics force the molecule into a well-defined secondary structure. Constraint structural and conformational features are often found in biological active peptides. For the synthesis of cyclic constrained peptidomimetics usually a sequence of multiple reactions has been applied, which makes it difficult to easily introduce structural diversity necessary for fine tuning the biological activity. A promising approach to tackle this problem is the use of multicomponent reactions (MCRs), because they can introduce both structural diversity and molecular complexity in only one step. Among the MCRs, the isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs) are most relevant for the synthesis of peptidomimetics because they provide peptide-like products. However, these IMCRs usually give linear products and in order to obtain cyclic constrained peptidomimetics, the acyclic products have to be cyclized via additional cyclization strategies. This is possible via incorporation of bifunctional substrates into the initial IMCR. Examples of such bifunctional groups are N-protected amino acids, convertible isocyanides or MCR-components that bear an additional alkene, alkyne or azide moiety and can be cyclized via either a deprotection-cyclization strategy, a ring-closing metathesis, a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition or even via a sequence of multiple multicomponent reactions. The sequential IMCR-cyclization reactions can afford small cyclic peptide mimics (ranging from four- to seven-membered rings), medium-sized cyclic constructs or peptidic macrocycles (>12 membered rings). This review describes the developments since 2002 of IMCRs-cyclization strategies towards a wide variety of small cyclic mimics, medium sized cyclic constructs and macrocyclic peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Koopmanschap
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romano VA Orru
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Pesti JA, LaPorte T, Thornton JE, Spangler L, Buono F, Crispino G, Gibson F, Lobben P, Papaioannou CG. Commercial Synthesis of a Pyrrolotriazine–Fluoroindole Intermediate to Brivanib Alaninate: Process Development Directed toward Impurity Control. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op400242j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaan A. Pesti
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Thomas LaPorte
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - John E. Thornton
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Lori Spangler
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Frederic Buono
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Gerard Crispino
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Frank Gibson
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Paul Lobben
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
| | - Christos G. Papaioannou
- Early Phase Chemical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08923, United States
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14
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Current strategies for inhibiting FGFR activities in clinical applications: opportunities, challenges and toxicological considerations. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:51-62. [PMID: 23932951 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrations in fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling are instrumental to the pathophysiology of several malignancies and disorders. Hence, FGFR inhibitors are explored in therapeutics with early candidates developed as competitors for the ATP-binding pocket in the kinase domain. More recent programs yielded compounds of diverse scaffolds with alternative binding modes. Concurrently, monoclonal antibodies and peptide-based agents provide independent options for clinical development. Notwithstanding this rapid progress, we contemplate the toxicological impact of FGFR inhibition based on the defined role of FGFR family members in physiology and homeostasis. The high homology among FGFR1-4 and also with other kinase subfamilies creates an additional challenge in developing selective inhibitors. It orchestrates an ongoing conundrum of moderating a balance between synergism through multitargeting kinase inhibition and minimizing off-target toxicities.
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15
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Maseki S, Ijichi K, Nakanishi H, Hasegawa Y, Ogawa T, Murakami S. Efficacy of gemcitabine and cetuximab combination treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 1:918-924. [PMID: 24649271 PMCID: PMC3916031 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may be curable with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy in its early stages. However, recurrence and metastasis often prevail following primary treatment in advanced stage cases and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study we investigated the combination therapy of gemcitabine and cetuximab for HNSCC. The UM-SCC-6 and UM-SCC-23 HNSCC cell lines were analyzed following treatment with gemcitabine and cetuximab. To determine the mechanism of action of this combination treatment, the cell cycle distributions following gemcitabine and/or cetuximab treatment were analyzed by flow cytometry and apoptosis assay. Gemcitabine and cetuximab combination treatment exerted an enhanced cytotoxic effect. The cell cycle analysis demonstrated that cells accumulated in the S phase following gemcitabine treatment and G1 arrest occurred following cetuximab treatment. An increase in sub-G1 phase cells was also observed following treatment with the two drugs. In an apoptosis assay, caspase 3/7 activity was found to be higher when administering a combination of gemcitabine and cetuximab compared to each agent administered alone. Gemcitabine and cetuximab are individually effective against HNSCC and an enhanced growth inhibitory effect may be expected when these agents are used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Maseki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan ; Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Kei Ijichi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Hasegawa
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ogawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shingo Murakami
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
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16
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Gong J, Gan J, Masson E, Syed S, Xia YQ, Williams D, Pursley J, Jemal M, Humphreys WG, Iyer RA. Metabolic chiral inversion of brivanib and its relevance to safety and pharmacology. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:2374-80. [PMID: 22983304 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.047340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Brivanib alaninate is an orally administered alanine prodrug of brivanib, a dual inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways. It is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancer. Brivanib has a single asymmetric center derived from a secondary alcohol. The potential for chiral inversion was investigated in incubations with liver subcellular fractions and in animals and humans after oral doses of brivanib alaninate. Incubations of [¹⁴C]brivanib alaninate with liver microsomes and cytosols from rats, monkeys, and humans followed by chiral chromatography resulted in two radioactive peaks, corresponding to brivanib and its enantiomer. The percentage of the enantiomeric metabolite relative to brivanib in microsomal and cytosolic incubations of different species in the presence of NADPH ranged from 11.6 to 15.8 and 0.8 to 3.1%, respectively. The proposed mechanism of inversion involves the oxidation of brivanib to a ketone metabolite, which is subsequently reduced to brivanib and its enantiomer. After oral doses of brivanib alaninate to rats and monkeys, the enantiomeric metabolite was a prominent drug-related component in plasma, with the percentages of area under the curve (AUC) at 94.7 and 39.7%, respectively, relative to brivanib. In humans, the enantiomeric metabolite was a minor circulating component, with the AUC <3% of brivanib. Pharmacological studies indicated that brivanib and its enantiomer had similar potency toward the inhibition of VEGF receptor-2 and FGF receptor-1 kinases. Because of low plasma concentration in humans, the enantiomeric metabolite was not expected to contribute significantly to target-related pharmacology of brivanib. Moreover, adequate exposure in the toxicology species suggested no specific safety concerns with respect to exposure to the enantiomeric metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachang Gong
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Liang G, Liu Z, Wu J, Cai Y, Li X. Anticancer molecules targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:531-41. [PMID: 22884522 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family includes four highly conserved receptor tyrosine kinases: FGFR1-4. Upon ligand binding, FGFRs activate an array of downstream signaling pathways, such as the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways. These FGFR cascades play crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and survival. The combination of knockdown studies and pharmaceutical inhibition in preclinical models demonstrates that FGFRs are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Multiple FGFR inhibitors with various structural skeletons have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Reviews on FGFRs have recently focused on FGFR signaling, pathophysiology, and functions in cancer or other diseases. In this article, we review recent advances in structure-activity relationships (SAR) of FGFR inhibitors, as well as the FGFR-targeting drug design strategies currently employed in targeting deregulated FGFRs by antibodies and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Park CM, Jeon DJ. Stereoselective synthesis of novel pyrazole derivatives using tert-butansulfonamide as a chiral auxiliary. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2613-20. [PMID: 22371117 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob06495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel chiral pyrazole derivative was developed by our research program as a potent PDE4 inhibitor for the treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The asymmetric synthesis of the inhibitors carrying the pyrazole moiety, including nitrogen directly bonded to a chiral center, through a novel approach is disclosed. The key steps of the synthetic sequence begin with the preparation of chiral toluenesulfinyl imine by the condensation of (R)- and (S)-tert-butanesulfinamide with an aldehyde. Next, a corresponding chiral amine synthesis by a stereoselective addition reaction of 4-picolyl lithium to the chiral toluenesulfinyl imine is performed, followed by desulfination. The preparation of the cis-type enaminone from the addition of the enaminone to the corresponding chiral amine is then accomplished, with further transformation into the pyrazole derivatives through the amination of the enaminones and subsequent dehydro-cyclization. A total of 8 steps are completed to produce a 5.5% yield (100% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Min Park
- Bio-Organic Science Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 9, Sinseongro, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea
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A novel fused 1,2,4-triazine aryl derivative as antioxidant and nonselective antagonist of adenosine A(2A) receptors in ethanol-activated liver stellate cells. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 195:18-24. [PMID: 22063920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been detected that hepatic adenosine A(2A) receptors play an active role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and suggest a novel therapeutic target in the treatment and prevention of hepatic cirrhosis. In this paper we examined if our new triazine derivative (IMT) can inhibit ethanol-induced activation of HSCs measured as increased α-SMA, collagen synthesis and enhanced oxidative stress in rat liver stellate cells. We also investigated its influence on cytokines (TGF-β, TNF-α) synthesis, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 production and ethanol-induced intracellular signal transduction. Moreover, with using of known adenosine A(2A) receptor agonist (CGS 21680), and antagonist (SCH 58261) we examined if this triazine derivative acts on adenosine receptors. We detected a strong antagonistic action of new triazine derivative (IMT) on ethanol-induced rat liver stellate cells activation, observed as a significant decrease in α-SMA, collagen synthesis, reactive oxygen species production, TGF-β, TNF-α, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 production as well as JNK, p38MAPK, NFκB, IκB, Smad3 phosphorylation. Moreover, IMT strongly inhibited activation of stellate cells by known selective agonist of adenosine A(2A) receptor (CGS 21680). When known A(2A) receptor antagonist (SCH 58261) was used together with IMT this effect was not spectacular. Additionally, only slight enhancement of inhibition was observed when cells were pretreated both IMT with SCH 58261, hence we suppose that IMT acts as nonselective antagonist of A(2A) receptors, and, besides its antioxidant activity, also by this way inhibited ethanol-induced stellate cell activation.
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Gong J, Gan J, Iyer RA. Identification of the Oxidative and Conjugative Enzymes Involved in the Biotransformation of Brivanib. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 40:219-26. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.042457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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21
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Chen Z, Wang X, Zhu W, Cao X, Tong L, Li H, Xie H, Xu Y, Tan S, Kuang D, Ding J, Qian X. Acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrrole-Based Selective Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1 (FGFR1) Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3732-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jm200258t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xianwen Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Linjiang Tong
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shaoying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dong Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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22
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Gong J, Gan J, Caceres-Cortes J, Christopher LJ, Arora V, Masson E, Williams D, Pursley J, Allentoff A, Lago M, Tran SB, Iyer RA. Metabolism and Disposition of [14C]Brivanib Alaninate after Oral Administration to Rats, Monkeys, and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:891-903. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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24
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Basu B, Eisen T. Perspectives in drug development for metastatic renal cell cancer. Target Oncol 2010; 5:139-56. [PMID: 20689997 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-010-0149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exhibit a spectrum of clinical outcomes, with some patients following an indolent clinical course and others displaying rapidly advancing disease. As evidence points to RCC being largely refractory to traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy strategies, immunotherapeutic approaches played a dominant role in the management of metastatic RCC for a quarter of a century. Management of this challenging tumor has been revolutionized by the incorporation of molecularly targeted therapies such as inhibitors of pathways involving tyrosine kinase signaling and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The improvements in disease stabilization and survival seen with these agents has meant that molecularly targeted therapy now forms the foundation for treating RCC and has resulted in a multitude of studies investigating similar compounds for efficacy in RCC. Despite this, the rationale for using immunomodulatory regimens remains strong and its ongoing place in this era of targeted treatments continues to pose interesting clinical questions. The challenge of maintaining durable responses from our current therapies persists and this review highlights the plethora of options now available in RCC treatment and the directions in which modern management are heading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bristi Basu
- University Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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25
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Amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 in breast cancer and the effects of brivanib alaninate. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2009; 123:747-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-009-0677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Tong Y, Bouska JJ, Ellis PA, Johnson EF, Leverson J, Liu X, Marcotte PA, Olson AM, Osterling DJ, Przytulinska M, Rodriguez LE, Shi Y, Soni N, Stavropoulos J, Thomas S, Donawho CK, Frost DJ, Luo Y, Giranda VL, Penning TD. Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Generation of Orally Efficacious Benzimidazole-Based Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6803-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jm900697r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsong Tong
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Jennifer J. Bouska
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Paul A. Ellis
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Eric F. Johnson
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Joel Leverson
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Patrick A. Marcotte
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Amanda M. Olson
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Donald J. Osterling
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Magdalena Przytulinska
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Luis E. Rodriguez
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Yan Shi
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Nirupama Soni
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Jason Stavropoulos
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Sheela Thomas
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Cherrie K. Donawho
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - David J. Frost
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Yan Luo
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Vincent L. Giranda
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
| | - Thomas D. Penning
- Cancer Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064
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Gavai AV, Fink BE, Fairfax DJ, Martin GS, Rossiter LM, Holst CL, Kim SH, Leavitt KJ, Mastalerz H, Han WC, Norris D, Goyal B, Swaminathan S, Patel B, Mathur A, Vyas DM, Tokarski JS, Yu C, Oppenheimer S, Zhang H, Marathe P, Fargnoli J, Lee FY, Wong TW, Vite GD. Discovery and Preclinical Evaluation of [4-[[1-(3-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indazol-5-ylamino]-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yl]carbamic Acid, (3S)-3-Morpholinylmethyl Ester (BMS-599626), a Selective and Orally Efficacious Inhibitor of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1 and 2 Kinases. J Med Chem 2009; 52:6527-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jm9010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashvinikumar V. Gavai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Brian E. Fink
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - David J. Fairfax
- Albany Molecular Research, 21 Corporate Circle, P.O. Box 15098, Albany, New York 12212
| | - Gregory S. Martin
- Albany Molecular Research, 21 Corporate Circle, P.O. Box 15098, Albany, New York 12212
| | - Lana M. Rossiter
- Albany Molecular Research, 21 Corporate Circle, P.O. Box 15098, Albany, New York 12212
| | - Christian L. Holst
- Albany Molecular Research, 21 Corporate Circle, P.O. Box 15098, Albany, New York 12212
| | - Soong-Hoon Kim
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Kenneth J. Leavitt
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Harold Mastalerz
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Wen-Ching Han
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Derek Norris
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Bindu Goyal
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Shankar Swaminathan
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Bharat Patel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Dolatrai M. Vyas
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - John S. Tokarski
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Chiang Yu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Simone Oppenheimer
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Punit Marathe
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Joseph Fargnoli
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Francis Y. Lee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Tai W. Wong
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
| | - Gregory D. Vite
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543
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28
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Pasha FA, Muddassar M, Neaz MM, Cho SJ. Pharmacophore and docking-based combined in-silico study of KDR inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2009; 28:54-61. [PMID: 19447057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The growth and metastasis of solid tumors is dependent on angiogenesis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cell surface receptor in human KDR (kinase domain containing receptor or VEGFR-2) have particular interest because of their importance in angiogenesis. The development of novel inhibitors of VEGFR-2 would be helpful to check the growth of tumors. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analyses used to understand the structural factors affecting inhibitory potency of thiazole-substituted pyrazolone derivatives. Several pharmacophore-based models indicated the importance of steric, hydrophobic and hydrogen bond acceptor groups to inhibitory activity. The comparative molecular field analyses (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analyses (CoMSIA) based 3D-QSAR models were derived using pharmacophore-based alignment. Both CoMFA (q(2)=0.70, r(2)=0.97 and r(predictive)(2)=0.61) and CoMSIA (q(2)=0.54, r(2)=0.82 and r(predictive)(2)=0.66) gave reasonable results. The molecular docking (receptor-guided technique) with a recently reported receptor structure (PDB=1YWN) were performed. The docked alignment was subsequently used for 3D-QSAR (CoMFA; q(2)=0.56, r(2)=0.97, r(predictive)(2)=0.82, CoMSIA; q(2)=0.58 r(2)=0.91, r(predictive)(2)=0.69). The overall both studies were indicated, steric, electrostatic and hydrogen bond acceptor effects contribute to the inhibitory activity. CoMFA and CoMSIA models suggested that a positive bulk with hydrophobic effect is desirable around position 4 and 5 and hydrogen bond acceptor groups around pyrazolones ring will be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Pasha
- Computational Science Center, Future Fusion Technology Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 131, Seoul 130-650, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Johnson BM, Kamath AV, Leet JE, Liu X, Bhide RS, Tejwani RW, Zhang Y, Qian L, Wei DD, Lombardo LJ, Shu YZ. Metabolism of 5-Isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (BMS-645737): Identification of an UnusualN-Acetylglucosamine Conjugate in the Cynomolgus Monkey. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:2475-83. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.022624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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30
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Gundla R, Kazemi R, Sanam R, Muttineni R, Sarma JARP, Dayam R, Neamati N. Discovery of novel small-molecule inhibitors of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2: combined ligand and target-based approach. J Med Chem 2008; 51:3367-77. [PMID: 18500794 DOI: 10.1021/jm7013875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Consensus virtual screening models were generated and validated utilizing a set of known human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) inhibitors and modeled HER2 active and inactive state structures. The virtual screening models were successfully employed to discover a set of structurally diverse compounds with growth inhibitory activity against HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cell line. A search of a 3D database containing 350000 small-molecules using the consensus models retrieved 531 potential hits. Of the 531 hits, 57 were selected for testing in SKBR3 cells on the basis of structural novelty and desirable drug-like properties. Seven compounds inhibited growth of SKBR3 cells with IC50 values <10 microM. These lead compounds have desirable physicochemical properties and are excellent candidates for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambabu Gundla
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cai ZW, Wei D, Schroeder GM, Cornelius LA, Kim K, Chen XT, Schmidt RJ, Williams DK, Tokarski JS, An Y, Sack JS, Manne V, Kamath A, Zhang Y, Marathe P, Hunt JT, Lombardo LJ, Fargnoli J, Borzilleri RM. Discovery of orally active pyrrolopyridine- and aminopyridine-based Met kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:3224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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32
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Ruel R, Thibeault C, L'Heureux A, Martel A, Cai ZW, Wei D, Qian L, Barrish JC, Mathur A, D'Arienzo C, Hunt JT, Kamath A, Marathe P, Zhang Y, Derbin G, Wautlet B, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Henley B, Tejwani R, Bhide RS, Trainor GL, Fargnoli J, Lombardo LJ. Discovery and preclinical studies of 5-isopropyl-6-(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amine (BMS-645737), an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2985-9. [PMID: 18395443 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We report herein a series of substituted N-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-5-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4-amines as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase. Through structure-activity relationship studies, biochemical potency, pharmacokinetics, and kinase selectivity were optimized to afford BMS-645737 (13), a compound with good preclinical in vivo activity against human tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réjean Ruel
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Research and Development, Candiac, Que., Canada J5R 1J1.
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Wrobleski ST, Lin S, Hynes J, Wu H, Pitt S, Shen DR, Zhang R, Gillooly KM, Shuster DJ, McIntyre KW, Doweyko AM, Kish KF, Tredup JA, Duke GJ, Sack JS, McKinnon M, Dodd J, Barrish JC, Schieven GL, Leftheris K. Synthesis and SAR of new pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazines as potent p38 alpha MAP kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2739-44. [PMID: 18364256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of compounds based on the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine ring system have been identified as potent p38 alpha MAP kinase inhibitors. The synthesis, structure-activity relationships (SAR), and in vivo activity of selected analogs from this class of inhibitors are reported. Additional studies based on X-ray co-crystallography have revealed that one of the potent inhibitors from this series binds to the DFG-out conformation of the p38 alpha enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Wrobleski
- Department of Immunology Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543-4000, USA.
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Identification of pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-based inhibitors of Met kinase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1945-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Cai ZW, Zhang Y, Borzilleri RM, Qian L, Barbosa S, Wei D, Zheng X, Wu L, Fan J, Shi Z, Wautlet BS, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Kukral DW, Kamath A, Marathe P, D'Arienzo C, Derbin G, Barrish JC, Robl JA, Hunt JT, Lombardo LJ, Fargnoli J, Bhide RS. Discovery of brivanib alaninate ((S)-((R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5-methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan-2-yl)2-aminopropanoate), a novel prodrug of dual vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 kinase inhibitor (BMS-540215). J Med Chem 2008; 51:1976-80. [PMID: 18288793 DOI: 10.1021/jm7013309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of amino acid ester prodrugs of the dual VEGFR-2/FGFR-1 kinase inhibitor 1 (BMS-540215) was prepared in an effort to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of the parent compound. These prodrugs were evaluated for their ability to liberate parent drug 1 in in vitro and in vivo systems. The l-alanine prodrug 8 (also known as brivanib alaninate/BMS-582664) was selected as a development candidate and is presently in phase II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-wei Cai
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA.
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Li J, Qin J, Liu H, Yao X, Liu M, Hu Z. In Silico Prediction of Inhibition Activity of Pyrazine–Pyridine Biheteroaryls as VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/qsar.200630154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Synthesis, SAR, and Evaluation of 4-[2,4-Difluoro-5-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenylamino]pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-based VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1354-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Hynes J, Dyckman AJ, Lin S, Wrobleski ST, Wu H, Gillooly KM, Kanner SB, Lonial H, Loo D, McIntyre KW, Pitt S, Shen DR, Shuster DJ, Yang X, Zhang R, Behnia K, Zhang H, Marathe PH, Doweyko AM, Tokarski JS, Sack JS, Pokross M, Kiefer SE, Newitt JA, Barrish JC, Dodd J, Schieven GL, Leftheris K. Design, Synthesis, and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Orally Active 4-(Phenylamino)-pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine p38α Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2007; 51:4-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jm7009414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Hynes
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Alaric J. Dyckman
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Shuqun Lin
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Stephen T. Wrobleski
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Hong Wu
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Kathleen M. Gillooly
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Steven B. Kanner
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Herinder Lonial
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Derek Loo
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Kim W. McIntyre
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Sidney Pitt
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Ding Ren Shen
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - David J. Shuster
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - XiaoXia Yang
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Rosemary Zhang
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Kamelia Behnia
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Hongjian Zhang
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Punit H. Marathe
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Arthur M. Doweyko
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John S. Tokarski
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John S. Sack
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Matthew Pokross
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Susan E. Kiefer
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John A. Newitt
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Joel C. Barrish
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - John Dodd
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Gary L. Schieven
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
| | - Katerina Leftheris
- Departments of Immunology Chemistry, Immunology Biology, Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Biosciences, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000
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Yu H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhang J, Huang Q. The discovery of novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases inhibitors: pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and docking studies. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:204-11. [PMID: 17441906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have applied pharmacophore generation, database searching and docking methodologies to discover new structures for the design of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, the tyrosine kinase insert domain-containing receptor kinase inhibitors. The chemical function based pharmacophore models were built for kinase insert domain-containing receptor kinase inhibitors from a set of 10 known inhibitors using the algorithm HipHop, which is implemented in the CATALYST software. The highest scoring HipHop model consists of four features: one hydrophobic, one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor and one ring aromatic function. Using the algorithm CatShape within CATALYST, the bound conformation of 4-amino-furo [2, 3-d] pyrimidine binding to kinase insert domain-containing receptor kinase was used to generate a shape query. A merged shape and hypothesis query that is in an appropriate alignment was then built. The combined shape and hypothesis model was used as a query to search Maybridge database for other potential lead compounds. A total of 39 compounds were retrieved as hits. The hits obtained were docked into kinase insert domain-containing receptor kinase active site. One novel potential lead was proposed based on CATALYST fit value, LigandFit docking scores, and examination of how the hit retain key interactions known to be required for kinase binding. This compound inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor stimulated kinase insert domain-containing receptor phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Central Experimental Laboratory, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China 200080
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40
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Mandracchia D, Piccionello AP, Pitarresi G, Pace A, Buscemi S, Giammona G. Fluoropolymer Based on a Polyaspartamide containing 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Units: A Potential Artificial Oxygen (O2) Carrier. Macromol Biosci 2007; 7:836-45. [PMID: 17541930 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this preliminary work we have prepared a fluorinated polymer capable of solubilizing an appreciable amount of O(2) and, at the same time, maintaining a higher water solubility than perfluoroalkanes investigated as injectable O(2) carriers. In particular, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a new macromolecular conjugate obtained by derivatization of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) with 5-pentafluorophenyl-3-perfluoroheptyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole, called PHEA-F. This new water soluble fluoropolymer was prepared in high yield using a simple procedure. It was characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectrophotometry, (19)F-NMR and SEC measurements. O(2) solubility studies on PHEA-F aqueous solutions were carried out at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C at atmospheric pressure and showed that PHEA-F conjugate, despite its low degree of derivatization in fluorine containing groups (2.60 mol-%), is capable of dissolving 13-15% more O(2) than non-fluorinated PHEA. Moreover, O(2) release in simulated physiological conditions is faster for PHEA-F than for PHEA. The biocompatibility of this conjugate has been evaluated by performing an in vitro viability assay on human chronic myelogenous leukaemia cells (K-562) chosen as a model cell line and in vitro haemolysis experiments on human RBCs. All these properties suggest the potential use of PHEA-F as an artificial O(2) carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Mandracchia
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
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41
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Yu H, Wang Z, Zhang L, Zhang J, Huang Q. Pharmacophore modeling and in silico screening for new KDR kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2126-33. [PMID: 17306530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the essential structural features for KDR kinase inhibitors, three-dimensional pharmacophore hypotheses were built on the basis of a set of known KDR kinase inhibitors selected from the literature with CATALYST program. Several methods tools used in validation of pharmacophore hypothsis were presented, and the first hypothesis (Hypo1) was considered to be the best pharmacophore hypothesis. The model (Hypo1) was then employed as 3D search query to screen the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD) for other potential lead compounds. One hit illustrated high binding affinity with KDR kinase measured by the surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Docking studies may help elucidate the mechanisms of KDR kinase receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Central Experimental Laboratory, The First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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42
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Dayam R, Grande F, Al-Mawsawi LQ, Neamati N. Recent advances in the design and discovery of small-molecule therapeutics targeting HER2/neu. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.1.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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43
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Borzilleri RM, Bhide RS, Barrish JC, D'Arienzo CJ, Derbin GM, Fargnoli J, Hunt JT, Jeyaseelan R, Kamath A, Kukral DW, Marathe P, Mortillo S, Qian L, Tokarski JS, Wautlet BS, Zheng X, Lombardo LJ. Discovery and evaluation of N-cyclopropyl- 2,4-difluoro-5-((2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)thiazol-5- ylmethyl)amino)benzamide (BMS-605541), a selective and orally efficacious inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. J Med Chem 2006; 49:3766-9. [PMID: 16789733 DOI: 10.1021/jm060347y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Substituted 3-((2-(pyridin-2-ylamino)thiazol-5-ylmethyl)amino)benzamides were identified as potent and selective inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) kinase activity. The enzyme kinetics associated with the VEGFR-2 inhibition of 14 (Ki=49+/-9 nM) confirmed that the aminothiazole-based analogues are competitive with ATP. Analogue 14 demonstrated excellent kinase selectivity, favorable pharmacokinetic properties in multiple species, and robust in vivo efficacy in human lung and colon carcinoma xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Borzilleri
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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44
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Hwang LC, Jane SY, Lai HY, Tu CH, Lee GH. Synthesis, molecular structure and characterization of allylic derivatives of 6-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]-triazin-8(7H)-one. Molecules 2006; 11:444-52. [PMID: 17962777 DOI: 10.3390/11060444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2006] [Revised: 06/17/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Allyl- (2) and 7-allyl-6-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-8(7H)-one (3) were obtained via the 18-crown-6-ether catalyzed room temperature reaction of 6-amino-3-methyl-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-f][1,2,4]triazin-8(7H)-one (1) with potassium carbonate and allyl bromide in dry acetone. The structures of these two derivatives were verified by 2D-NMR measurements, including gHSQC and gHMBC measurements. The minor compound 2 may possess aromatic character. A single crystal X-ray diffraction experiment indicated that the major compound 3 crystallizes from dimethyl sulfoxide in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n and its molecular structure includes an attached dimethylsulfoxide molecule, resulting in the molecular formula C(10)H(16)N(6)O(2)S. Molecular structures of 3 are linked by extensive intermolecular N-H...N hydrogen bonding [graph set C(1)(1)(7)]. 1 Each molecule is attached to the dimethyl sulfoxide oxygen via N-H...O intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The structure is further stabilized by pi-pi stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Chih Hwang
- Faculty of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan, ROC.
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45
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Sañudo M, Marcaccini S, Basurto S, Torroba T. Synthesis of 3-Hydroxy-6-oxo[1,2,4]triazin-1-yl Alaninamides, a New Class of Cyclic Dipeptidyl Ureas. J Org Chem 2006; 71:4578-84. [PMID: 16749791 DOI: 10.1021/jo060434y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexyl or benzyl isocyanide, benzoyl-, or 4-methoxybenzoylformic acid and semicarbazones underwent Ugi reactions in methanol for 3 days to give the Ugi adducts, which were then stirred with sodium ethoxide in ethanol for 12 h to give 3-hydroxy-6-oxo[1,2,4]triazin-1-yl alaninamides. The X-ray diffraction structure of the first example showed the tautomer having the proton in the O2 atom that was fixed in the crystal by packing in dimers with a H-bond distance of 1.9 A. Selected [1,2,4]triazines were treated with diazomethane for 12 h to get the O-methyl derivatives. Both hydroxy and O-methyl derivatives obtained by this method constitute a new class of pseudopeptidic [1,2,4]triazines composed of two different amino acids, arylglycine and alanine derivatives, in which the N-terminal arylglycine and the peptidic amide nitrogen atoms are bonded through a urea moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sañudo
- Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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46
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Bhide RS, Cai ZW, Zhang YZ, Qian L, Wei D, Barbosa S, Lombardo LJ, Borzilleri RM, Zheng X, Wu LI, Barrish JC, Kim SH, Leavitt K, Mathur A, Leith L, Chao S, Wautlet B, Mortillo S, Jeyaseelan R, Kukral D, Hunt JT, Kamath A, Fura A, Vyas V, Marathe P, D'Arienzo C, Derbin G, Fargnoli J. Discovery and preclinical studies of (R)-1-(4-(4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-indol-5-yloxy)-5- methylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-6-yloxy)propan- 2-ol (BMS-540215), an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2143-6. [PMID: 16570908 DOI: 10.1021/jm051106d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 4-(4-fluoro-1H-indol-5-yloxy)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine-based inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 kinase is reported. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that a methyl group at the 5-position and a substituted alkoxy group at the 6-position of the pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazine core gave potent compounds. Biochemical potency, kinase selectivity, and pharmacokinetics of the series were optimized and in vitro safety liabilities were minimized to afford BMS-540215 (12), which demonstrated robust preclinical in vivo activity in human tumor xenograft models. The l-alanine prodrug of 12, BMS-582664 (21), is currently under evaluation in clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev S Bhide
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA.
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47
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Pace A, Buscemi S, Vivona N, Silvestri A, Barone G. Photochemistry of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. A DFT Study on Photoinduced Competitive Rearrangements of 3-Amino- and 3-N-Methylamino-5-perfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles. J Org Chem 2006; 71:2740-9. [PMID: 16555828 DOI: 10.1021/jo0525736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoinduced competitive rearrangements of 5-perfluoroalkyl-3-amino(N-alkylamino)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles have been investigated by DFT calculations and UV-vis spectroscopy. The observed product selectivity depends on the number of hydrogen atoms present in the amino moiety and involves two or three possible routes: (i) ring contraction-ring expansion (RCRE), (ii) internal-cyclization isomerization (ICI), or (iii) C3-N2 migration-nucleophilic attack-cyclization (MNAC). UV absorption and fluorescence spectra of the reactants, and vertical excitation energy values, calculated by time dependent DFT, support the involvement of a neutral singlet excited state in the photoexcitation process. The values of the standard free energy of the most stable prototropic tautomers of reactant, products, proposed reaction intermediates, and deprotonated anionic transition states allowed us to rationalize the competition among the three rearrangements, in agreement with chemical trapping experiments, in terms of: (i) the evolution of the excited state toward three stable ground-state intermediates, (ii) tautomeric and deprotonation equilibria occurring in methanol solution for each intermediate, and (iii) relative stabilization of intermediates and transition states in the thermally driven section of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pace
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica E. Paterno, and Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica S. Cannizzaro, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, Edificio 17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
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49
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Abstract
There is currently a wealth of information regarding the mutations that contribute to cancer development. Most of these mutations alter the expression and activity of signal transduction proteins. The current goal in cancer therapy is to use our knowledge of the molecular alterations in a cancer cell to choose the most appropriate signal transduction inhibitor for an individual patient. The topic of this review is the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase signaling pathway, which is aberrantly activated in many types of human cancer. We will discuss the mTOR pathway and the potential mechanisms that contribute to its activation in cancer, together with data relating to the potential for inhibitors targeting the mTOR-signaling pathway to impact on breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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50
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Ogan MD, Tran SB, Rinehart JK. Synthesis of [13C4,15N2]pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazinone. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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