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Hussain F, Rahman FI, Saha P, Mikami A, Osawa T, Obika S, Rahman SMA. Synthesis of Sugar and Nucleoside Analogs and Evaluation of Their Anticancer and Analgesic Potentials. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113499. [PMID: 35684435 PMCID: PMC9182362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modification of sugars and nucleosides has a long history of producing compounds with improved selectivity and efficacy. In this study, several modified sugars (2–3) and ribonucleoside analogs (4–8) have been synthesized from α-d-glucose in a total of 21 steps. The compounds were tested for peripheral anti-nociceptive characteristics in the acetic acid-induced writhing assay in mice, where compounds 2, 7, and 8 showed a significant reduction in the number of writhes by 56%, 62%, and 63%, respectively. The compounds were also tested for their cytotoxic potential against human HeLa cell line via trypan blue dye exclusion test followed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Compound 6 demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 54 µg/mL. Molecular docking simulations revealed that compounds 2, 7, and 8 had a comparable binding affinity to cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzymes. Additionally, the bridged nucleoside analogs 7 and 8 potently inhibited adenosine kinase enzyme as well, which indicates an alternate mechanistic pathway behind their anti-nociceptive action. Cytotoxic compound 6 demonstrated strong docking with cancer drug targets human cytidine deaminase, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src, human thymidine kinase 1, human thymidylate synthase, and human adenosine deaminase 2. This is the first ever reporting of the synthesis and analgesic property of compound 8 and the cytotoxic potential of compound 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (F.H.); (F.I.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Fahad Imtiaz Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (F.H.); (F.I.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Poushali Saha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (F.H.); (F.I.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Atsushi Mikami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.M.); (T.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Takashi Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.M.); (T.O.); (S.O.)
| | - Satoshi Obika
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (A.M.); (T.O.); (S.O.)
| | - S. M. Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (F.H.); (F.I.R.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-1732477343
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2
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Neouchy Z, Verhoeven J, Kong H, Zhao Y, Wang W, Brambilla M, Van Hecke K, Meerpoel L, Thuring JW, Verniest G, Winne J. Stereodivergent Synthesis of Biologically Active Spironucleoside Scaffolds via Catalytic Cyclopropanation of 4- exo-Methylene Furanosides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17344-17361. [PMID: 34748342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane fusion of the only rotatable carbon-carbon bond in furanosyl nucleosides (i.e., exocyclic 4'-5') is a powerful design strategy to arrive at conformationally constrained analogues. Herein, we report a direct stereodivergent route toward the synthesis of the four possible configurations of 4-spirocyclopropane furanoses, which have been transformed into the corresponding 4'-spirocyclic adenosine analogues. The latter showed differential inhibition of the protein methyltransferase PRMT5-MEP50 complex, with one analogue inhibiting more effectively than adenosine itself, demonstrating the utility of rationally probing 4'-5' side chain orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Neouchy
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Verhoeven
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hanchu Kong
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yongbin Zhao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Guido Verniest
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Johan Winne
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Rahman FI, Hussain F, Saqueeb N, Abdur Rahman SM. Synthesis and evaluation of pharmacological activities of some 3-O-benzyl-4-C-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 15:209-217. [PMID: 33088321 PMCID: PMC7540815 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.288423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: α-D-ribofuranose analogues are reported to have multifarious biological properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. The present study aims to synthesize some α-D- ribofuranose derivatives and investigate their biological properties. Experimental approach: Four derivatives (2a, 2b, 3, and 4) were synthesized from the starting material 3-O- benzyl-4-C-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribofuranose via subsequent benzylation, tosylation, and acetylation reactions in good yields. The compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), and then evaluated for various pharmacological activities using standard in vitro and in vivo procedures. Findings / Results: Compound 2a (50 mg/kg) exhibited both central and peripheral analgesic activity in the tail immersion test (2.52 ± 0.14 min tail flicking reaction time after 30 min from administration, P < 0.001) and the acetic acid-induced writhing test (65.33 ± 2.06% reduction in abdominal writhing, P < 0.001) respectively. In the anti-inflammatory assay, percent paw edema inhibition of carrageenan-induced rats for compounds 2a and 4 (100 mg/kg) after 4 h of administration were 82.6% (P < 0.001) and 87.6% (P < 0.001), respectively. The compounds were also tested for antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, antimicrobial property in disk diffusion assay, and cytotoxicity in HeLa cell line; however, no significant results were observed in any of those tests. Conclusion and Implications: Our study indicated that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited promising analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and may serve as potential lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Imtiaz Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fahad Hussain
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmus Saqueeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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4
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Verhoeven J, De Vleeschouwer F, Kong H, Van Hecke K, Pande V, Sun W, Vos A, Wu T, Meerpoel L, Thuring JW, Verniest G. Preparation of 4'-Spirocyclobutyl Nucleoside Analogues as Novel and Versatile Adenosine Scaffolds. Chemistry 2019; 25:15419-15423. [PMID: 31609050 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Despite the large variety of modified nucleosides that have been reported, the preparation of constrained 4'-spirocyclic adenosine analogues has received very little attention. We discovered that the [2+2]-cycloaddition of dichloroketene on readily available 4'-exo-methylene furanose sugars efficiently results in the diastereoselective formation of novel 4'-spirocyclobutanones. The reaction mechanism was investigated via density functional theory (DFT) and found to proceed either via a non-synchronous or stepwise reaction sequence, controlled by the stereochemistry at the 3'-position of the sugar substrate. The obtained dichlorocyclobutanones were converted into nucleoside analogues, providing access to a novel class of chiral 4'-spirocyclobutyl adenosine mimetics in eight steps from commercially available sugars. Assessment of the biological activity of designed 4'-spirocyclic adenosine analogues identified potent inhibitors for protein methyltransferase target PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Verhoeven
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Freija De Vleeschouwer
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group of General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanchu Kong
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry, Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing, 100176, P. R. China
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vineet Pande
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Weimei Sun
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ann Vos
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tongfei Wu
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Lieven Meerpoel
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Guido Verniest
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Department of Chemistry and Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, Faculty of Science and Bio-engineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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5
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Srivastava N, Macha L, Ha HJ. Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of Biemamides B and D. Org Lett 2019; 21:8992-8996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Korea
| | - Lingamurthy Macha
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Korea
| | - Hyun-Joon Ha
- Department of Chemistry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Korea
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6
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Köllmann C, Wiechert SM, Jones PG, Pietschmann T, Werz DB. Synthesis of 4′/5′-Spirocyclopropanated Uridine and d-Xylouridine Derivatives and Their Activity against the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Org Lett 2019; 21:6966-6971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Svenja M. Wiechert
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a Joint Venture Between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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7
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Yadav VB, Rai P, Sagir H, Kumar A, Siddiqui IR. A green route for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03577b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The disclosed synthetic method for pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives offers several advantages such as non-toxic catalyst and aqueous reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay B. Yadav
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - Pragati Rai
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - Hozeyfa Sagir
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - I. R. Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
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8
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Perlíková P, Hocek M. Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (7-deazapurine) as a privileged scaffold in design of antitumor and antiviral nucleosides. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:1429-1460. [PMID: 28834581 PMCID: PMC5656927 DOI: 10.1002/med.21465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
7-Deazapurine (pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) nucleosides are important analogues of biogenic purine nucleosides with diverse biological activities. Replacement of the N7 atom with a carbon atom makes the five-membered ring more electron rich and brings a possibility of attaching additional substituents at the C7 position. This often leads to derivatives with increased base-pairing in DNA or RNA or better binding to enzymes. Several types of 7-deazapurine nucleosides with potent cytostatic or cytotoxic effects have been identified. The most promising are 7-hetaryl-7-deazaadenosines, which are activated in cancer cells by phosphorylation and get incorporated both to RNA (causing inhibition of proteosynthesis) and to DNA (causing DNA damage). Mechanism of action of other types of cytostatic nucleosides, 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine and thieno-fused deazapurine ribonucleosides, is not yet known. Many 7-deazaadenosine derivatives are potent inhibitors of adenosine kinases. Many types of sugar-modified derivatives of 7-deazapurine nucleosides are also strong antivirals. Most important are 2'-C-methylribo- or 2'-C-methyl-2'-fluororibonucleosides with anti-HCV activities (several compounds underwent clinical trials). Some underexplored areas of potential interest are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesCZ‐16610Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryCzech Academy of SciencesCZ‐16610Prague 6Czech Republic
- Department of Organic ChemistryFaculty of ScienceCharles University in PragueCZ‐12843Prague 2Czech Republic
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9
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Saroha M, Khanna G, Khurana JM. Synthesis of Novel 5-Substituted 6-Phenylpyrrolo[2, 3-d
]pyrimidine Derivatives via One-pot Three-Component Reactions Under Catalyst-Free Condition. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Saroha
- Department of chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007
| | - Garima Khanna
- Department of chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007
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10
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Tichý M, Smoleń S, Tloušt'ová E, Pohl R, Oždian T, Hejtmánková K, Lišková B, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Cytostatic and Antiviral Profiling of Thieno-Fused 7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2411-2424. [PMID: 28221790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two isomeric series of new thieno-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides (derived from 4-substituted thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and thieno[3',2':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines) were synthesized by a sequence involving Negishi coupling of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine with iodothiophenes, nucleophilic azidation, and cyclization of tetrazolopyrimidines, followed by glycosylation and cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitutions at position 4. Most nucleosides (from both isomeric series) exerted low micromolar or submicromolar in vitro cytostatic activities against a broad panel of cancer and leukemia cell lines and some antiviral activity against HCV. The most active were the 6-methoxy, 6-methylsulfanyl, and 6-methyl derivatives, which were highly active to cancer cells and less toxic or nontoxic to fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Smoleń
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Oždian
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hejtmánková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry , Hněvotínská 5, CZ-775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague , Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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11
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Karamthulla S, Jana A, Choudhury LH. Synthesis of Novel 5,6-Disubstituted Pyrrolo [2,3-d]Pyrimidine-2,4-Diones Via One-Pot Three-Component Reactions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:108-112. [PMID: 28036166 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel method for the synthesis of 5,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones has been reported using arylglyoxal-based three-component reactions. Under microwave heating conditions, arylglyoxal, 6-amino uracil, or its derivatives reacts with various thiols in acetic acid medium to provide a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones (4) having a thioether and an aryl ring in 5 and 6 positions, respectively. On the other hand reaction of arylglyoxal, amino uracil and malononitrile in place of thiols, provided corresponding 5,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones (5) with selectively converting one of the -CN to -CONH2 group both in conventional (method A) and microwave heating conditions (method B). This methodology is a simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of diverse 5,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones from the readily available starting materials in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Karamthulla
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna-8001103, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh-518007, India
| | - Asim Jana
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna-8001103, India
| | - Lokman H. Choudhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna-8001103, India
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12
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Köse M, Schiedel AC, Bauer AA, Poschenrieder H, Burbiel JC, Akkinepally RR, Stachel HD, Müller CE. Focused screening to identify new adenosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5127-5133. [PMID: 27595538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (AdK) is a key player in controlling intra- and extracellular concentrations of the signaling molecule adenosine. Extensive evidence points to an important role of AdK in several diseases, and suggests that AdK inhibition might be a promising therapeutic strategy. The development of a new AdK assay and subsequent screening of part of our focused compound library led to the identification of 12 hit compounds (hit rate of 6%) representing six new classes of non-nucleoside human AdK inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor 1 displayed a Ki value of 184nM. Compound screening with a newly developed assay was useful and efficient for discovering novel AdK inhibitors which may serve as lead structures for developing drugs for adenosine augmentation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Andreas Bauer
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Poschenrieder
- Department Pharmazie, Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Universität München, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Joachim C Burbiel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Raghuram Rao Akkinepally
- University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, A.P. 506009, India
| | - Hans-Dietrich Stachel
- Department Pharmazie, Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Universität München, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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13
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Toti KS, Osborne D, Ciancetta A, Boison D, Jacobson KA. South (S)- and North (N)-Methanocarba-7-Deazaadenosine Analogues as Inhibitors of Human Adenosine Kinase. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6860-77. [PMID: 27410258 PMCID: PMC5032833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (AdK) inhibitors raise endogenous adenosine levels, particularly in disease states, and have potential for treatment of seizures, neurodegeneration, and inflammation. On the basis of the South (S) ribose conformation and molecular dynamics (MD) analysis of nucleoside inhibitors bound in AdK X-ray crystallographic structures, (S)- and North (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane) derivatives of known inhibitors were prepared and compared as human (h) AdK inhibitors. 5'-Hydroxy (34, MRS4202 (S); 55, MRS4380 (N)) and 5'-deoxy 38a (MRS4203 (S)) analogues, containing 7- and N(6)-NH phenyl groups in 7-deazaadenine, robustly inhibited AdK activity (IC50 ∼ 100 nM), while the 5'-hydroxy derivative 30 lacking the phenyl substituents was weak. Docking in the hAdK X-ray structure and MD simulation suggested a mode of binding similar to 5'-deoxy-5-iodotubercidin and other known inhibitors. Thus, a structure-based design approach for further potency enhancement is possible. The potent AdK inhibitors in this study are ready to be further tested in animal models of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Danielle Osborne
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute , 1225 NE Second Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - Antonella Ciancetta
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Detlev Boison
- Robert Stone Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute , 1225 NE Second Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97232, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bldg. 8A, Rm. B1A-19, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
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Bhutoria S, Das B, Ghoshal N. Molecular Shape Analysis-Guided Virtual Screening Platform for Adenosine Kinase Inhibitors. Bioinform Biol Insights 2016; 10:97-103. [PMID: 27478367 PMCID: PMC4954751 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s38430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a new application of molecular shape descriptors in hierarchical selection during virtual screening (VS). Here, a structure-based pharmacophore and docking-guided VS protocol have been evolved to identify inhibitors against adenosine kinase (AK). The knowledge gained on the shape requirements has been extrapolated in classifying active and inactive molecules against this target. This classification enabled us to pick the appropriate ligand conformation in the binding site. We have suggested a set of hierarchical filters for VS, from a simple molecular shape analysis (MSA) descriptor-based recursive models to docking scores. This approach permits a systematic study to understand the importance of spatial requirements and limitations for inhibitors against AK. Finally, the guidelines on how to select compounds for AK to achieve success have been highlighted. The utility of this approach has been suggested by giving an example of database screening for plausible active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Bhutoria
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ballari Das
- Department of Bioinformatics, West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata, India
| | - Nanda Ghoshal
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
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De Coen LM, Heugebaert TSA, García D, Stevens CV. Synthetic Entries to and Biological Activity of Pyrrolopyrimidines. Chem Rev 2015; 116:80-139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens M. De Coen
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. A. Heugebaert
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel García
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Malnuit V, Slavětínská LP, Nauš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Stolaříková J, Snášel J, Pichová I, Hocek M. 2-Substituted 6-(Het)aryl-7-deazapurine Ribonucleosides: Synthesis, Inhibition of Adenosine Kinases, and Antimycobacterial Activity. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1079-93. [PMID: 25882678 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 6-(hetero)aryl- or 6-methyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides bearing a substituent at position 2 (Cl, F, NH2, or CH3) were prepared by cross-coupling reactions at position 6 and functional group transformations at position 2. Cytostatic, antiviral, and antimicrobial activity assays were performed. The title compounds were observed to be potent and selective inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis adenosine kinase (ADK), but not human ADK; moreover, they were found to be non-cytotoxic. The antimycobacterial activities against M. tuberculosis, however, were only moderate. The reason for this could be due to either poor uptake through the cell wall or to parallel biosynthesis of adenosine monophosphate by the salvage pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Malnuit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic) http://www.uochb.cas.cz/hocekgroup
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic) http://www.uochb.cas.cz/hocekgroup
| | - Petr Nauš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic) http://www.uochb.cas.cz/hocekgroup
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, 77515 Olomouc (Czech Republic)
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, 77515 Olomouc (Czech Republic)
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health in Ostrava, Partyzánské nám. 7, 70200 Ostrava (Czech Republic)
| | - Jan Snášel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic) http://www.uochb.cas.cz/hocekgroup
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic) http://www.uochb.cas.cz/hocekgroup
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6 (Czech Republic) http://www.uochb.cas.cz/hocekgroup. .,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague 2 (Czech Republic).
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17
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Snášel J, Nauš P, Dostál J, Hnízda A, Fanfrlík J, Brynda J, Bourderioux A, Dušek M, Dvořáková H, Stolaříková J, Zábranská H, Pohl R, Konečný P, Džubák P, Votruba I, Hajdúch M, Rezáčová P, Veverka V, Hocek M, Pichová I. Structural basis for inhibition of mycobacterial and human adenosine kinase by 7-substituted 7-(Het)aryl-7-deazaadenine ribonucleosides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8268-79. [PMID: 25259627 DOI: 10.1021/jm500497v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine kinase (ADK) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was selected as a target for design of antimycobacterial nucleosides. Screening of 7-(het)aryl-7-deazaadenine ribonucleosides with Mtb and human (h) ADKs and testing with wild-type and drug-resistant Mtb strains identified specific inhibitors of Mtb ADK with micromolar antimycobacterial activity and low cytotoxicity. X-ray structures of complexes of Mtb and hADKs with 7-ethynyl-7-deazaadenosine showed differences in inhibitor interactions in the adenosine binding sites. 1D (1)H STD NMR experiments revealed that these inhibitors are readily accommodated into the ATP and adenosine binding sites of Mtb ADK, whereas they bind preferentially into the adenosine site of hADK. Occupation of the Mtb ADK ATP site with inhibitors and formation of catalytically less competent semiopen conformation of MtbADK after inhibitor binding in the adenosine site explain the lack of phosphorylation of 7-substituted-7-deazaadenosines. Semiempirical quantum mechanical analysis confirmed different affinity of nucleosides for the Mtb ADK adenosine and ATP sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Snášel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Flemingovo nam. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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18
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Rayala R, Theard P, Ortiz H, Yao S, Young JD, Balzarini J, Robins MJ, Wnuk SF. Synthesis of purine and 7-deazapurine nucleoside analogues of 6-N-(4-Nitrobenzyl)adenosine; inhibition of nucleoside transport and proliferation of cancer cells. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:2186-92. [PMID: 24788480 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) is a prototypical nucleoside transporter protein ubiquitously expressed on the cell surface of almost all human tissue. Given the role of hENT1 in the transport of nucleoside drugs, an important class of therapeutics in the treatment of various cancers and viral infections, efforts have been made to better understand the mechanisms by which hENT1 modulates nucleoside transport. To that end, we report here the design and synthesis of novel tool compounds for the further study of hENT1. The 7-deazapurine nucleoside antibiotic tubercidin was converted into its 4-N-benzyl and 4-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) derivatives by alkylation at N3 followed by a Dimroth rearrangement to the 4-N-isomer or by fluoro-diazotization followed by SN Ar displacement of the 4-fluoro group by a benzylamine. The 4-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) derivatives of sangivamycin and toyocamycin antibiotics were prepared by the alkylation approach. Cross-membrane transport of labeled uridine by hENT1 was inhibited to a weaker extent by the 4-nitrobenzylated tubercidin and sangivamycin analogues than was observed with 6-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)adenosine. Type-specific inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was observed at micromolar concentrations with the 4-N-(4-nitrobenzyl) derivatives of sangivamycin and toyocamycin, and also with 4-N-benzyltubercidin. Treatment of 2',3',5'-O-acetyladenosine with aryl isocyanates gave the 6-ureido derivatives but none of them exhibited inhibitory activity against cancer cell proliferation or hENT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanjaneyulu Rayala
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, Florida 33199 (USA)
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19
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Nauš P, Caletková O, Konečný P, Džubák P, Bogdanová K, Kolář M, Vrbková J, Slavětínská L, Tloušt'ová E, Perlíková P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis, cytostatic, antimicrobial, and anti-HCV activity of 6-substituted 7-(het)aryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1097-110. [PMID: 24397620 DOI: 10.1021/jm4018948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 80 7-(het)aryl- and 7-ethynyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides bearing a methoxy, methylsulfanyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, methyl, or oxo group at position 6, or 2,6-disubstituted derivatives bearing a methyl or amino group at position 2, were prepared, and the biological activity of the compounds was studied and compared with that of the parent 7-(het)aryl-7-deazaadenosine series. Several of the compounds, in particular 6-substituted 7-deazapurine derivatives bearing a furyl or ethynyl group at position 7, were significantly cytotoxic at low nanomolar concentrations whereas most were much less potent or inactive. Promising activity was observed with some compounds against Mycobacterium bovis and also against hepatitis C virus in a replicon assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Nauš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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20
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Walte A, Rüben K, Birner-Gruenberger R, Preisinger C, Bamberg-Lemper S, Hilz N, Bracher F, Becker W. Mechanism of dual specificity kinase activity of DYRK1A. FEBS J 2013; 280:4495-511. [PMID: 23809146 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The function of many protein kinases is controlled by the phosphorylation of a critical tyrosine residue in the activation loop. Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) autophosphorylate on this tyrosine residue but phosphorylate substrates on aliphatic amino acids. This study addresses the mechanism of dual specificity kinase activity in DYRK1A and related kinases. Tyrosine autophosphorylation of DYRK1A occurred rapidly during in vitro translation and did not depend on the non-catalytic domains or other proteins. Expression in bacteria as well as in mammalian cells revealed that tyrosine kinase activity of DYRK1A is not restricted to the co-translational autophosphorylation in the activation loop. Moreover, mature DYRK1A was still capable of tyrosine autophosphorylation. Point mutants of DYRK1A and DYRK2 lacking the activation loop tyrosine showed enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. A series of structurally diverse DYRK1A inhibitors was used to pharmacologically distinguish different conformational states of the catalytic domain that are hypothesized to account for the dual specificity kinase activity. All tested compounds inhibited substrate phosphorylation with higher potency than autophosphorylation but none of the tested inhibitors differentially inhibited threonine and tyrosine kinase activity. Finally, the related cyclin-dependent kinase-like kinases (CLKs), which lack the activation loop tyrosine, autophosphorylated on tyrosine both in vitro and in living cells. We propose a model of DYRK autoactivation in which tyrosine autophosphorylation in the activation loop stabilizes a conformation of the catalytic domain with enhanced serine/threonine kinase activity without disabling tyrosine phosphorylation. The mechanism of dual specificity kinase activity probably applies to related serine/threonine kinases that depend on tyrosine autophosphorylation for maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Walte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Adenosine kinase (ADK; EC 2.7.1.20) is an evolutionarily conserved phosphotransferase that converts the purine ribonucleoside adenosine into 5'-adenosine-monophosphate. This enzymatic reaction plays a fundamental role in determining the tone of adenosine, which fulfills essential functions as a homeostatic and metabolic regulator in all living systems. Adenosine not only activates specific signaling pathways by activation of four types of adenosine receptors but it is also a primordial metabolite and regulator of biochemical enzyme reactions that couple to bioenergetic and epigenetic functions. By regulating adenosine, ADK can thus be identified as an upstream regulator of complex homeostatic and metabolic networks. Not surprisingly, ADK dysfunction is involved in several pathologies, including diabetes, epilepsy, and cancer. Consequently, ADK emerges as a rational therapeutic target, and adenosine-regulating drugs have been tested extensively. In recent attempts to improve specificity of treatment, localized therapies have been developed to augment adenosine signaling at sites of injury or pathology; those approaches include transplantation of stem cells with deletions of ADK or the use of gene therapy vectors to downregulate ADK expression. More recently, the first human mutations in ADK have been described, and novel findings suggest an unexpected role of ADK in a wider range of pathologies. ADK-regulating strategies thus represent innovative therapeutic opportunities to reconstruct network homeostasis in a multitude of conditions. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the genetics, biochemistry, and pharmacology of ADK and will then focus on pathologies and therapeutic interventions. Challenges to translate ADK-based therapies into clinical use will be discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- Legacy Research Institute, 1225 NE 16th Ave, Portland, OR 97202, USA.
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22
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Perlíková P, Konečný P, Nauš P, Snášel J, Votruba I, Džubák P, Pichová I, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. 6-Alkyl-, 6-aryl- or 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides as inhibitors of human or MTB adenosine kinase and potential antimycobacterial agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00232b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Functionalization of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-0986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Bourderioux A, Nauš P, Perlíková P, Pohl R, Pichová I, Votruba I, Džubák P, Konečný P, Hajdúch M, Stray KM, Wang T, Ray AS, Feng JY, Birkus G, Cihlar T, Hocek M. Synthesis and Significant Cytostatic Activity of 7-Hetaryl-7-deazaadenosines. J Med Chem 2011; 54:5498-507. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2005173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Bourderioux
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nauš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Votruba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Puškinova 6, Olomouc 77520, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Konečný
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Puškinova 6, Olomouc 77520, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Puškinova 6, Olomouc 77520, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsten M. Stray
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Adrian S. Ray
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joy Y. Feng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gabriel Birkus
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Tomas Cihlar
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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26
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Bilkei-Gorzo A, Abo-Salem OM, Hayallah AM, Michel K, Müller CE, Zimmer A. Adenosine receptor subtype-selective antagonists in inflammation and hyperalgesia. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2008; 377:65-76. [PMID: 18188542 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-007-0252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of systemic and local administration of the subtype-selective adenosine receptor antagonists PSB-36, PSB-1115, MSX-3, and PSB-10 on inflammation and inflammatory hyperalgesia. Pharmacological blockade of adenosine receptor subtypes after systemic application of antagonists generally led to a decreased edema formation after formalin injection and, with the exception of A(3) receptor antagonism, also after the carrageenan injection. The selective A(2B) receptor antagonist PSB-1115 showed a biphasic, dose-dependent effect in the carrageenan test, increasing edema formation at lower doses and reducing it at a high dose. A(1) and A(2B) antagonists diminished pain-related behaviors in the first phase of the formalin test, while the second, inflammatory phase was attenuated by A(2B) and A(3) antagonists. The A(2B) antagonist was particularly potent in reducing inflammatory pain dose-dependently reaching the maximum effect at a low dose of 3 mg/kg. Inflammatory hyperalgesia was totally eliminated by the A(2A) antagonist MSX-3 at a dose of 10 mg/kg. In contrast to the A(1) antagonist, the selective antagonists of A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors were also active upon local administration. Our results demonstrate that the blockade of adenosine receptor subtypes can decrease the magnitude of inflammatory responses. Selective A(2A) antagonists may be useful for the treatment of inflammatory hyperalgesia, while A(2B) antagonists have potential as analgesic drugs for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Bilkei-Gorzo
- Institute of Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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Boison D. Adenosine kinase, epilepsy and stroke: mechanisms and therapies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:652-8. [PMID: 17056128 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2006] [Revised: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an inhibitory modulator of brain activity with neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties. Adenosine levels are regulated mainly by adenosine kinase (ADK), an enzyme that is responsible for the removal of adenosine via phosphorylation to AMP. Recent evidence indicates that expression of ADK undergoes rapid coordinated changes during brain development and following brain injury, such as after epileptic seizures and stroke. Thus, transient downregulation of ADK after acute brain injury protects the brain from seizures and cell death. Conversely, chronic overexpression of ADK causes seizures in epilepsy and promotes cell death in epilepsy and stroke. These findings have direct implications for the rational definition of ADK as a therapeutic target. In recent years, novel treatment strategies have been developed that make use of the intracerebral transplantation of cells that are ADK deficient and, thus, release adenosine. A new era of cell-based delivery of adenosine has begun, which holds great promise for novel therapies for epilepsy and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Detlev Boison
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research, Portland, OR 97202, USA.
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28
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Bookser BC, Ugarkar BG, Matelich MC, Lemus RH, Allan M, Tsuchiya M, Nakane M, Nagahisa A, Wiesner JB, Erion MD. Adenosine kinase inhibitors. 6. Synthesis, water solubility, and antinociceptive activity of 5-phenyl-7-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines substituted at C4 with glycinamides and related compounds. J Med Chem 2006; 48:7808-20. [PMID: 16302820 DOI: 10.1021/jm050394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
4-(Phenylamino)-5-phenyl-7-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 1 and related compounds known as "diaryltubercidin" analogues are potent inhibitors of adenosine kinase (AK) and are orally active in animal models of pain such as the rat formalin paw model (GP3269 ED50= 6.4 mg/kg). However, the utility of this compound class is limited by poor water solubility that can be attributed to the high energy of crystallization caused by stacking of the parallel C4 and C5 aryl rings in the solid state (compound 1 and GP3269 each with pH 7.4 solubility <0.05 microg/mL). To increase water solubility, the hydrophobic C4-phenylamino substituent was replaced with a more hydrophilic group, glycinamide. This modification resulted in improved water solubility while retaining AK inhibition potency. Analogues were studied where changes in the glycinamide moiety were combined with changes to the base and sugar. A lead compound, 4-N-(N-cyclopropylcarbamoylmethyl)amino-5-phenyl-7-(5-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (16c) (IC50= 3 nM and water solubility = 32 +/- 9 microg/mL at pH 7.4), was further characterized in biological assays. Compound 16c exhibited strong oral efficacy in the rat formalin paw model (ED50 of 2.5 mg/kg). In the most advanced assay, 16c was found to inhibit bradykinin-induced licking in marmoset monkeys with an ED50 estimated at 0.9 mg/kg without producing evidence of side effects such as ataxia, sedation, and emesis at this dose. However, lethal toxicity in the rat formalin paw model occurred with high doses of 16c, and further work on this series was discontinued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett C Bookser
- Metabasis Therapeutics, Inc., 9390 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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