1
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Takayama K, Mori K, Sasaki Y, Taguchi A, Taniguchi A, Miyazato M, Hayashi Y. Discovery of a Pentapeptide Antagonist to Human Neuromedin U Receptor 1. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:885-891. [PMID: 38894927 PMCID: PMC11181499 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) activates two types of receptors (NMUR1 and NMUR2), and the former is mainly expressed in the peripheral tissues, including the intestinal tract and lung tissues. Since NMUR1 contributes to the promotion of type 2 inflammation in these tissues, it is a potential target to suppress inflammatory responses. However, promising antagonist candidates for human NMUR1 have not yet been developed. Here we successfully identified pentapeptide antagonist 9a through a structure-activity relationship study based on hexapeptide lead 1. Its antagonistic activity against human NMUR1 was 10 times greater than that against NMUR2. This is a breakthrough in the development of NMUR1-selective antagonists. Although 9a was relatively stable in the plasma, the C-terminal amide was rapidly degraded to the carboxylic acid by the serum endopeptidase thrombin, which acted as an amidase. This basic information would aid in sample handling in future biological evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Takayama
- Laboratory
of Environmental Biochemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Misasaginakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kenji Mori
- Department of Cardiac
Physiology and Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral
and Cardiovascular Center Research
Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikiya Miyazato
- Department of Cardiac
Physiology and Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral
and Cardiovascular Center Research
Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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2
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Liebmann K, Castillo MA, Jergova S, Best TM, Sagen J, Kouroupis D. Modification of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles by Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) Antagonist: Potential Implications for Inflammation and Pain Reversal. Cells 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38534328 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), the synovium and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) can serve as source for Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two important pain-transmitting, immune, and inflammation modulating neuropeptides. Our previous studies showed that infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) acquire a potent immunomodulatory phenotype and actively degrade Substance P via CD10 both in vitro and in vivo. On this basis, our hypothesis is that CD10-bound IFP-MSC sEVs can be engineered to target CGRP while retaining their anti-inflammatory phenotype. Herein, human IFP-MSC cultures were transduced with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying a GFP-labelled gene for a CGRP antagonist peptide (aCGRP). The GFP positive aCGRP IFP-MSC were isolated and their sEVs' miRNA and protein cargos were assessed using multiplex methods. Our results showed that purified aCGRP IFP-MSC cultures yielded sEVs with cargo of 147 distinct MSC-related miRNAs. Reactome analysis of miRNAs detected in these sEVs revealed strong involvement in the regulation of target genes involved in pathways that control pain, inflammation and cartilage homeostasis. Protein array of the sEVs cargo demonstrated high presence of key immunomodulatory and reparative proteins. Stimulated macrophages exposed to aCGRP IFP-MSC sEVs demonstrated a switch towards an alternate M2 status. Also, stimulated cortical neurons exposed to aCGRP IFP-MSC sEVs modulate their molecular pain signaling profile. Collectively, our data suggest that yielded sEVs can putatively target CGRP in vivo, while containing potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic cargo, suggesting the promise for novel sEVs-based therapeutic approaches to diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Liebmann
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mario A Castillo
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stanislava Jergova
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jacqueline Sagen
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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3
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D'Aloisio V, Schofield A, Kendall DA, Hutcheon GA, Coxon CR. The development and optimisation of an HPLC-based in vitro serum stability assay for a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist peptide. J Pept Sci 2024; 30:e3539. [PMID: 37605343 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the stability of peptide drug candidates in biological fluids, such as blood serum, is of high importance during the lead optimisation phase. Here, we describe the optimisation and validation of a method for the evaluation of the stability of a lead calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonist peptide (P006) in blood serum. After initially determining appropriate peptide and human serum concentrations and selection of the quenching reagent, the HPLC method optimisation used two experimental designs, Plackett-Burman design and Taguchi design. The analytical method was validated as complying with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use guidelines. The optimised method allowed the successful resolution of the parent peptide from its metabolites using RP-HPLC and identification of the major metabolites of P006 by mass spectrometry. This paradigm may be widely adopted as a robust early-stage platform for screening peptide stability to rule out candidates with low in vitro stability, which would likely translate into poor in vivo pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera D'Aloisio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adam Schofield
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Gillian A Hutcheon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher R Coxon
- EaStChem School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh, UK
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4
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Killoran PM, Capel V, D'Aloisio V, Schofield A, Aczél T, Bölcskei K, Helyes Z, von Mentzer B, Kendall DA, Coxon CR, Hutcheon GA. Novel peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists for migraine therapy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:1581-1589. [PMID: 37742055 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has previously been shown that the peptide (34Pro,35Phe)CGRP27-37 is a potent calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP receptor antagonist, and in this project we aimed to improve the antagonist potency through the structural modification of truncated C-terminal CGRP peptides. METHODS Six peptide analogues were synthesized and the anti-CGRP activity confirmed using both in vitro and in vivo studies. KEY FINDINGS A 10 amino acid-containing peptide VPTDVGPFAF-NH2 (P006) was identified as a key candidate to take forward for in vivo evaluation, where it was shown to be an effective antagonist after intraperitoneal injection into mice. P006 was formulated as a preparation suitable for nasal administration by spray drying with chitosan to form mucoadhesive microcarriers (9.55 ± 0.91 mm diameter) and a loading of 0.2 mg peptide per 20 mg dose. CONCLUSIONS The project has demonstrated the potential of these novel small peptide CGRP antagonists, to undergo future preclinical evaluation as anti-migraine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Killoran
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Capel
- NHS Health Education England, Victoria House, Fulbourn, Cambridge, CB21 5XB, United Kingdom
| | - Vera D'Aloisio
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
- AmbioPharm, Inc., 1024 Dittman Court, North Augusta, SC 29842, United States
| | - Adam Schofield
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David, Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Tímea Aczél
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, Hungary
- Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Bölcskei
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, Hungary
- Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs Medical School, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, Hungary
- Eötvös Lorand Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Szigeti út 12, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi Gy. u. 10. H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bengt von Mentzer
- Innovipharm Limited, 2 Woodlands Lane, West Kirby, Wirral, CH48 8D, United Kingdom
| | - David A Kendall
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
- Innovipharm Limited, 2 Woodlands Lane, West Kirby, Wirral, CH48 8D, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Coxon
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David, Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian A Hutcheon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
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5
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Srinivasan K, Kozminski K, Zhang Y, Wisniewski K, Kohout T, Wisniewska H, Harris G, Lindstrom B, Hargrove D. Pharmacological, Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic and Physicochemical Characterization of FE 205030: A Potent, Fast Acting, Injectable CGRP Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Acute Episodic Migraine. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:247-261. [PMID: 34217775 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is known to play a central role in the underlying pathophysiology of migraine. In comparison to the effective triptan class of antimigraine treatments, the CGRP antagonists possess a comparable efficacy but a superior cardiovascular safety profile in patients. This paper describes the development of selective and potent peptidic CGRP antagonist, FE 205030, that has a fast onset of action and an optimal half-life (subcutaneous Tmax ~ 60 min, and t1/2 ~ 4.4 h in 80 kg pigs, respectively), which is key to prevention of the progression of debilitating migraine symptoms. The in vivo efficacy of this agent has been established a translational pharmacodynamic model (inhibition of capsaicin-induced increase in skin blood flow) in cynomolgus monkeys and shows maximal inhibitory activity at circulating concentrations of 30-100 nM. Antagonist activity of FE 205030 was characterized on CGRP-induced vasodilation in isolated human mesenteric resistance arteries in an ex vivo isometric myograph study, and FE 205030 effectively blocked CGRP-induced vasodilation with a pA2 of 9.3 ± 0.1, mean ± standard error. Multispecies allometric scaling and modeling of subcutaneous (SC) effective concentrations indicates that a dose of 10-30 mg/day is sufficient to achieve a drug exposure/target coverage of 8h, which is useful to prevent migraine recurrence in patients. The molecule also possesses appropriate physicochemical properties that allows for a convenient dosing form factor of 1 ml injection volume with a sufficient solubility and acceptable short-term stability, optimal for treatment of acute migraine episodes in patients. Hence, FE 205030 may provide an important fast-acting injectable option for patients suffering from frequent acute migraine episodes, complementary to preventative monoclonal antibodies and oral small molecule CGRP-R antagonist therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Srinivasan
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States.
| | - Kirk Kozminski
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Kazimierz Wisniewski
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Trudy Kohout
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Halina Wisniewska
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Geoffrey Harris
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Beatriz Lindstrom
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Diane Hargrove
- Ferring Research Institute, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, 4245 Sorrento Valley Blvd, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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6
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DeLisle CF, Malooley AL, Banerjee I, Lorieau JL. Pro-islet amyloid polypeptide in micelles contains a helical prohormone segment. FEBS J 2020; 287:4440-4457. [PMID: 32077246 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pro-islet amyloid polypeptide (proIAPP) is the prohormone precursor molecule to IAPP, also known as amylin. IAPP is a calcitonin family peptide hormone that is cosecreted with insulin, and largely responsible for hunger satiation and metabolic homeostasis. Amyloid plaques containing mixtures of mature IAPP and misprocessed proIAPP deposit on, and destroy pancreatic β-cell membranes, and they are recognized as a clinical hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to better understand the interaction with cellular membranes, we solved the solution NMR structure of proIAPP bound to dodecylphosphocholine micelles at pH 4.5. We show that proIAPP is a dynamic molecule with four α-helices. The first two helices are contained within the mature IAPP sequence, while the second two helices are part of the C-terminal prohormone segment (Cpro). We mapped the membrane topology of the amphipathic helices by paramagnetic relaxation enhancement, and we used CD and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy to identify environmental factors that impact proIAPP membrane affinity. We discuss how our structural results relate to prohormone processing based on the varied pH environments and lipid compositions of organelle membranes within the regulated secretory pathway, and the likelihood of Cpro survival for cosecretion with IAPP. DATABASE: The assigned resonances have been deposited in the Biological Magnetic Resonance Bank (BMRB) with accession numbers 50007 and 50019 for proIAPP and Cpro, respectively. The lowest energy structures have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with access codes 6UCJ and 6UCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F DeLisle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Indrani Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Justin L Lorieau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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7
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Chang CL, Hsu SYT. Development of chimeric and bifunctional antagonists for CLR/RAMP receptors. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216996. [PMID: 31150417 PMCID: PMC6544337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CGRP, adrenomedullin (ADM), and adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) family peptides are
important neuropeptides and hormones for the regulation of neurotransmission,
vasotone, cardiovascular morphogenesis, vascular integrity, and feto‒placental
development. These peptides signal through CLR/RAMP1, 2 and 3 receptor
complexes. CLR/RAMP1, or CGRP receptor, antagonists have been developed for the
treatment of migraine headache and osteoarthritis pain; whereas CLR/RAMP2, or
ADM receptor, antagonists are being developed for the treatment of tumor
growth/metastasis. Based on the finding that an acylated chimeric ADM/ADM2
analog potently stimulates CLR/RAMP1 and 2 signaling, we hypothesized that the
binding domain of this analog could have potent inhibitory activity on CLR/RAMP
receptors. Consistent with this hypothesis, we showed that acylated truncated
ADM/ADM2 analogs of 27–31 residues exhibit potent antagonistic activity toward
CLR/RAMP1 and 2. On the other hand, nonacylated analogs have minimal activity.
Further truncation at the junctional region of these chimeric analogs led to the
generation of CLR/RAMP1-selective antagonists. A 17-amino-acid analog
(Antagonist 2–4) showed 100-fold selectivity for CLR/RAMP1 and was >100-fold
more potent than the classic CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8-37. In addition, we
showed (1) a lysine residue in the Antagonist 2–4 is important for enhancing the
antagonistic activity, (2) an analog consisted of an ADM sequence motif and a
12-amino-acid binding domain of CGRP exhibits potent CLR/RAMP1-inhibitory
activity, and (3) a chimeric analog consisted of a somatostatin analog and an
ADM antagonist exhibits dual activities on somatostatin and CLR/RAMP receptors.
Because the blockage of CLR/RAMP signaling prevents migraine pain and suppresses
tumor growth/metastasis, further studies of these analogs, which presumably have
better access to the tumor microenvironment and nerve endings at the trigeminal
ganglion and synovial joints as compared to antibody-based therapies, may lead
to the development of better anti-CGRP therapy and alternative antiangiogenesis
therapy. Likewise, the use of bifunctional somatostatin-ADM antagonist analogs
could be a promising strategy for the treatment of high-grade neuroendocrine
tumors by targeting an antiangiogenesis agent to the neuroendocrine tumor
microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan,
Taiwan
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8
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Herlé B, Holstein PM, Echavarren AM. Stereoselective cis-Vinylcyclopropanation via a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Retro-Buchner Reaction under Mild Conditions. ACS Catal 2017; 7:3668-3675. [PMID: 28503355 PMCID: PMC5424441 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
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A highly
stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed cis-vinylcyclopropanation
of alkenes has been developed. Allylic gold
carbenes, generated via a retro-Buchner reaction of 7-alkenyl-1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes,
react with alkenes to form vinylcyclopropanes. The gold(I)-catalyzed
retro-Buchner reaction of these substrates proceeds by simple heating
at a temperature much lower than that required for the reaction of
7-aryl-1,3,5-cycloheptatrienes (75 °C vs 120 °C). A newly
developed Julia–Kocienski reagent enables the synthesis of
the required cycloheptatriene derivatives in one step from readily
available aldehydes or ketones. On the basis of mechanistic investigations,
a stereochemical model for the cis selectivity was
proposed. An unprecedented gold-catalyzed isomerization of cis- to trans-cyclopropanes has also been
discovered and studied by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Herlé
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Philipp M. Holstein
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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9
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Miranda LP, Shi L, Holder JR, Wright M, Gegg CV, Johnson E, Wild K, Stenkilsson M, Doellgast G, Manning BH, Salyers K. Peptide antagonists of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor with improved pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Biopolymers 2016; 100:422-30. [PMID: 23868210 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor may be a useful approach for migraine treatment. Selective PEGylated peptide antagonists to the CGRP receptor are described, derived from CGRP(8-37) with polymer derivatization at an engineered lysine-25 residue. Potent PEGylated peptides with improved pharmacokinetics were identified through peptide side-chain modification to mitigate metabolic liabilities. PEGylated Ac-Trp-[Cit(11,18),hArg(24),Lys(25),Asp(31),Pro(34),1-Nal(35)]CGRP(8-37)-NH2, 9, elicits a dose-dependent reduction of intradermal CGRP-induced local blood flow in rodents with an ED50 of 0.52 mg kg(-1) without any overt adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Les P Miranda
- Therapeutic Discovery, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320
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10
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Reiser O. Catalytic Conversion of Furans and Pyrroles to Natural Products and Analogues Utilizing Donor-Acceptor Substituted Cyclopropanes as Key Intermediates. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Universität Regensburg; 93053 Regensburg Germany
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11
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Neal F, Arnold J, Rossant CJ, Podichetty S, Lowne D, Dobson C, Wilkinson T, Colley C, Howes R, Vaughan TJ. Isolation of Potent CGRP Neutralizing Antibodies Using Four Simple Assays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:24-34. [PMID: 26450103 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115610070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a small neuropeptide and a potent vasodilator that is widely associated with chronic pain and migraine. An antibody that inhibits CGRP function would be a potential therapeutic for treatment of these disorders. Here we describe the isolation of highly potent antibodies to CGRP from phage and ribosome display libraries and characterization of their epitope, species cross-reactivity, kinetics, and functional activity. Homogenous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) binding assays identified antibodies with the desired species cross-reactivity from naïve libraries, and HTRF epitope competition assays were used to characterize and group scFv by epitope. The functional inhibition of CGRP and species cross-reactivity of purified scFv and antibodies were subsequently confirmed using cAMP assays. We show that epitope competition assays could be used as a surrogate for functional cell-based assays during affinity maturation, in combination with scFv off-rate ranking by biolayer interferometry (BLI). This is the first time it has been shown that off-rate ranking can be predictive of functional activity for anti-CGRP antibodies. Here we demonstrate how, by using just four simple assays, diverse panels of antibodies to CGRP can be identified. These assay formats have potential utility in the identification of antibodies to other therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Neal
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanne Arnold
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine J Rossant
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK Crescendo Biologics Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David Lowne
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Claire Dobson
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor Wilkinson
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Colley
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rob Howes
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tristan J Vaughan
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Cabrele C, Martinek TA, Reiser O, Berlicki Ł. Peptides Containing β-Amino Acid Patterns: Challenges and Successes in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2014; 57:9718-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5010896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cabrele
- Department
of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tamás A. Martinek
- SZTE-MTA
Lendulet Foldamer Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Watkins HA, Au M, Bobby R, Archbold JK, Abdul-Manan N, Moore JM, Middleditch MJ, Williams GM, Brimble MA, Dingley AJ, Hay DL. Identification of key residues involved in adrenomedullin binding to the AM1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:143-55. [PMID: 23351143 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adrenomedullin (AM) is a peptide hormone whose receptors are members of the class B GPCR family. They comprise a heteromer between the GPCR, the calcitonin receptor-like receptor and one of the receptor activity-modifying proteins 1-3. AM plays a significant role in angiogenesis and its antagonist fragment AM22-52 can inhibit blood vessel and tumour growth. The mechanism by which AM interacts with its receptors is unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined the AM22-52 binding epitope for the AM1 receptor extracellular domain using biophysical techniques, heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and alanine scanning. KEY RESULTS Chemical shift perturbation experiments located the main binding epitope for AM22-52 at the AM1 receptor to the C-terminal 8 amino acids. Isothermal titration calorimetry of AM22-52 alanine-substituted peptides indicated that Y52, G51 and I47 are essential for AM1 receptor binding and that K46 and P49 and R44 have a smaller role to play. Characterization of these peptides at the full-length AM receptors was assessed in Cos7 cells by cAMP assay. This confirmed the essential role of Y52, G51 and I47 in binding to the AM1 receptor, with their substitution resulting in ≥100-fold reduction in antagonist potency compared with AM22-52 . R44A, K46A, S48A and P49A AM22-52 decreased antagonist potency by approximately 10-fold. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study localizes the main binding epitope of AM22-52 to its C-terminal amino acids and distinguishes essential residues involved in this binding. This will inform the development of improved AM receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Hay DL, Harris PWR, Kowalczyk R, Brimble MA, Rathbone DL, Barwell J, Conner AC, Poyner DR. Structure-activity relationships of the N-terminus of calcitonin gene-related peptide: key roles of alanine-5 and threonine-6 in receptor activation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:415-26. [PMID: 24125506 PMCID: PMC3904261 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The N-terminus of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is important for receptor activation, especially the disulphide-bonded ring (residues 1-7). However, the roles of individual amino acids within this region have not been examined and so the molecular determinants of agonism are unknown. This study has examined the role of residues 1, 3-6 and 8-9, excluding Cys-2 and Cys-7. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH CGRP derivatives were substituted with either cysteine or alanine; further residues were introduced at position 6. Their affinity was measured by radioligand binding and their efficacy by measuring cAMP production in SK-N-MC cells and β-arrestin 2 translocation in CHO-K1 cells at the CGRP receptor. KEY RESULTS Substitution of Ala-5 by cysteine reduced affinity 270-fold and reduced efficacy for production of cAMP in SK-N-MCs. Potency at β-arrestin translocation was reduced by ninefold. Substitution of Thr-6 by cysteine destroyed all measurable efficacy of both cAMP and β-arrestin responses; substitution with either alanine or serine impaired potency. Substitutions at positions 1, 4, 8 and 9 resulted in approximately 10-fold reductions in potency at both responses. Similar observations were made at a second CGRP-activated receptor, the AMY(1(a)) receptor. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Ala-5 and Thr-6 are key determinants of agonist activity for CGRP. Ala-5 is also very important for receptor binding. Residues outside of the 1-7 ring also contribute to agonist activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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15
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Watkins HA, Rathbone DL, Barwell J, Hay DL, Poyner DR. Structure-activity relationships for α-calcitonin gene-related peptide. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1308-22. [PMID: 23186257 PMCID: PMC3838678 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a member of the calcitonin (CT) family of peptides. It is a widely distributed neuropeptide implicated in conditions such as neurogenic inflammation. With other members of the CT family, it shares an N-terminal disulphide-bonded ring which is essential for biological activity, an area of potential α-helix, and a C-terminal amide. CGRP binds to the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) in complex with receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), a member of the family B (or secretin-like) GPCRs. It can also activate other CLR or calcitonin-receptor/RAMP complexes. This 37 amino acid peptide comprises the N-terminal ring that is required for receptor activation (residues 1-7); an α-helix (residues 8-18), a region incorporating a β-bend (residues 19-26) and the C-terminal portion (residues 27-37), that is characterized by bends between residues 28-30 and 33-34. A few residues have been identified that seem to make major contributions to receptor binding and activation, with a larger number contributing either to minor interactions (which collectively may be significant), or to maintaining the conformation of the bound peptide. It is not clear if CGRP follows the pattern of other family B GPCRs in binding largely as an α-helix. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet A Watkins
- School of Biological Sciences, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - Dan L Rathbone
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston UniversityBirmingham, UK
| | - James Barwell
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston UniversityBirmingham, UK
| | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of AucklandAuckland, New Zealand
| | - David R Poyner
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston UniversityBirmingham, UK
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16
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Banning JE, Gentillon J, Ryabchuk PG, Prosser AR, Rogers A, Edwards A, Holtzen A, Babkov IA, Rubina M, Rubin M. Formal Substitution of Bromocyclopropanes with Nitrogen Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:7601-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4011798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Banning
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Jacob Gentillon
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Pavel G. Ryabchuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Anthony R. Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Andrew Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Andrew Holtzen
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Ivan A. Babkov
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Marina Rubina
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
| | - Michael Rubin
- Department of Chemistry, The University
of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-75832
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17
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Walther C, Lotze J, Beck-Sickinger AG, Mörl K. The anterograde transport of the human neuropeptide Y2 receptor is regulated by a subtype specific mechanism mediated by the C-terminus. Neuropeptides 2012; 46:335-43. [PMID: 23020974 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The export of newly synthesized proteins, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and further transport to the plasma membrane is a tightly regulated process. ER export and subsequent cell surface targeting of GPCR is initially mediated through COPII-coated vesicles. It is governed by specific amino acid sequences located in extracellular as well as intracellular receptor domains, for example in the C-terminus (CT) of the receptor. Herein, we determined the role of the CT in the anterograde transport of the human neuropeptide Y receptor (hYR) type 2. We identified a short sequence motif in the membrane proximal CT: Y(x)(3)F(x)(3)F in the region of the putative 8th helix has a critical functional relevance for the anterograde transport of hY(2)R, since its deletion leads to accumulation of the receptor in the ER. It is sequence and position specific. Furthermore we identified a distinct role of C-terminal sequences in hY(1)R, hY(2)R, hY(4)R and hY(5)R. Regulation of hY(5)R export is regulated by a different mechanism as compared to hY(2)R. Different sequence elements with respect to function and localization are involved as demonstrated by the construction of a hY(2)/hY(5) receptor chimera and a noneffective deletion in the region of helix eight in the hY(5)R. In contrast to hY(2)R, deletion of the corresponding helical segment F(x)(3)L(x)(3)F has no influence on anterograde transport of hY(1)R, whereas deletion of F(x)(3)I(x)(3)V in hY(4)R restrains the receptor to the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly this pattern is not mirrored by repression of COPII vesicle transport by Sar1[H79G] overexpression. Whereas the 8th helix is involved before or at the level of Sar1 dependent export pathways in the ER for the hY(2)R, in hY(4)R helix eight is involved at later stages of anterograde transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Walther
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, Universität Leipzig, Germany
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18
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Kwon H, Lu HL, Longnecker MT, Pietrantonio PV. Role in diuresis of a calcitonin receptor (GPRCAL1) expressed in a distal-proximal gradient in renal organs of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). PLoS One 2012; 7:e50374. [PMID: 23209727 PMCID: PMC3510207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of anthropophilic hematophagy in insects resulted in the coordination of various physiological processes for survival. In female mosquitoes, a large blood meal provides proteins for egg production and as a trade-off, rapid elimination of the excess water and solutes (Na(+), Cl(-)) is critical for maintaining homeostasis and removing excess weight to resume flight and avoid predation. This post-prandial excretion is achieved by the concerted action of multiple hormones. Diuresis and natriuresis elicited by the calcitonin-like diuretic hormone 31 (DH(31)) are believed to be mediated by a yet uncharacterized calcitonin receptor (GPRCAL) in the mosquito Malpighian tubules (MTs), the renal organs. To contribute knowledge on endocrinology of mosquito diuresis we cloned GPRCAL1 from MT cDNA. This receptor is the ortholog of the DH(31) receptor from Drosophila melanogaster that is expressed in principal cells of the fruit fly MT. Immunofluorescence similarly showed AaegGPRCAL1 is present in MT principal cells in A. aegypti, however, exhibiting an overall gradient-like pattern along the tubule novel for a GPCR in insects. Variegated, cell-specific receptor expression revealed a subpopulation of otherwise phenotypically similar principal cells. To investigate the receptor contribution to fluid elimination, RNAi was followed by urine measurement assays. In vitro, MTs from females that underwent AaegGPRcal1 knock-down exhibited up to 57% decrease in the rate of fluid secretion in response to DH(31). Live females treated with AaegGPRcal1 dsRNA exhibited 30% reduction in fluid excreted after a blood meal. The RNAi-induced phenotype demonstrates the critical contribution of this single secretin-like family B GPCR to fluid excretion in invertebrates and highlights its relevance for the blood feeding adaptation. Our results with the mosquito AaegGPRCAL1 imply that the regulatory function of calcitonin-like receptors for ion and fluid transport in renal organs arose early in evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeogsun Kwon
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hsiao-Ling Lu
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael T. Longnecker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia V. Pietrantonio
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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19
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The structure of secretin family GPCR peptide ligands: implications for receptor pharmacology and drug development. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:1006-14. [PMID: 22579744 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The secretin family G protein-coupled receptors, characterized by a large N-terminal extracellular domain and seven transmembrane helices, are drug targets in many diseases, including migraine, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis and inflammatory disorders. Their activating ligands are peptides with an average length of 30 amino acids. In this article we review the available structural data for these peptides and how this explains their activity. We emphasize how this information may be used to accelerate the development of new drugs against these receptors.
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20
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Kyani A, Mehrabian M, Jenssen H. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and docking studies of calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 79:166-76. [PMID: 21974743 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Defining the role of calcitonin gene-related peptide in migraine pathogenesis could lead to the application of calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists as novel migraine therapeutics. In this work, quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling of biological activities of a large range of calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists was performed using a panel of physicochemical descriptors. The computational studies evaluated different variable selection techniques and demonstrated shuffling stepwise multiple linear regression to be superior over genetic algorithm-multiple linear regression. The linear quantitative structure-activity relationship model revealed better statistical parameters of cross-validation in comparison with the non-linear support vector regression technique. Implementing only five peptide descriptors into this linear quantitative structure-activity relationship model resulted in an extremely robust and highly predictive model with calibration, leave-one-out and leave-20-out validation R(2) of 0.9194, 0.9103, and 0.9214, respectively. We performed docking of the most potent calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists with the calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor and demonstrated that peptide antagonists act by blocking access to the peptide-binding cleft. We also demonstrated the direct contact of residues 28-37 of the calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists with the receptor. These results are in agreement with the conclusions drawn from the quantitative structure-activity relationship model, indicating that both electrostatic and steric factors should be taken into account when designing novel calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kyani
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Pilsl LKA, Reiser O. α/β-Peptide foldamers: state of the art. Amino Acids 2011; 41:709-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-0894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Yan LZ, Johnson KW, Rothstein E, Flora D, Edwards P, Li B, Li J, Lynch R, Vaughn R, Clemens-Smith A, McCarty D, Chow C, McKnight KL, Lu J, Nisenbaum ES, Mayer JP. Discovery of potent, cyclic calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:383-6. [PMID: 21412957 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a potent dilator of cerebral and dural vasculature, is known to be elevated in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid during migraine attacks. Selective blockade of the CGRP receptor offers the promise of controlling migraine headache more effectively and without the side-effects associated with the use of triptans. Our efforts to develop a novel, peptide-based CGRP antagonist focused on the C-terminal portion of the peptide which is known to bind the receptor but lack agonist properties. Extensive SAR studies of the C-terminal CGRP (27-37) region identified a novel cyclic structure: Bz-Val-Tyr-cyclo[Cys-Thr-Asp-Val-Gly-Pro-Phe-Cys]-Phe-NH(2) (23) with a kb value of 0.126 nM against the cloned human CGRP receptor. Additional SAR studies directed at enhancement of potency and improvement of physicochemical properties yielded a series of analogs with kb values in the 0.05-0.10 nM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng Yan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
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23
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Haya L, Sayago FJ, Mainar AM, Cativiela C, Urieta JS. Quantum-chemical predictions of redox potentials of carbamates in methanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17696-703. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Poyner DR, Hay DL, Conner AC. CGRP receptor antagonists: design and screening. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2009; 4:1253-65. [DOI: 10.1517/17460440903413496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Nanga RPR, Brender JR, Xu J, Hartman K, Subramanian V, Ramamoorthy A. Three-dimensional structure and orientation of rat islet amyloid polypeptide protein in a membrane environment by solution NMR spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:8252-61. [PMID: 19456151 PMCID: PMC4163022 DOI: 10.1021/ja9010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP or amylin) is a 37-residue peptide hormone associated with glucose metabolism that is cosecreted with insulin by beta-cells in the pancreas. Since human IAPP is a highly amyloidogenic peptide, it has been suggested that the formation of IAPP amyloid fibers is responsible for the death of beta-cells during the early stages of type II diabetes. It has been hypothesized that transient membrane-bound alpha-helical structures of human IAPP are precursors to the formation of these amyloid deposits. On the other hand, rat IAPP forms transient alpha-helical structures but does not progress further to form amyloid fibrils. To understand the nature of this intermediate state and the difference in toxicity between the rat and human versions of IAPP, we have solved the high-resolution structure of rat IAPP in the membrane-mimicking detergent micelles composed of dodecylphosphocholine. The structure is characterized by a helical region spanning the residues A5 to S23 and a disordered C-terminus. A distortion in the helix is seen at R18 and S19 that may be involved in receptor binding. Paramagnetic quenching NMR experiments indicate that rat IAPP is bound on the surface of the micelle, in agreement with other nontoxic forms of IAPP. A comparison to the detergent-bound structures of other IAPP variants indicates that the N-terminal region may play a crucial role in the self-association and toxicity of IAPP by controlling access to the putative dimerization interface on the hydrophobic face of the amphipathic helix.
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26
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Bourgault S, Vaudry D, Ségalas-Milazzo I, Guilhaudis L, Couvineau A, Laburthe M, Vaudry H, Fournier A. Molecular and conformational determinants of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) for activation of the PAC1 receptor. J Med Chem 2009; 52:3308-16. [PMID: 19413310 DOI: 10.1021/jm900291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PAC1 receptor is abundant in the CNS and plays an important role in neuronal survival. To identify the molecular determinants and the conformational components responsible for the activation of the PAC1 receptor, we performed a SAR study focusing on the N-terminal domain of its endogenous ligand, PACAP. This approach revealed that residues Asp(3) and Phe(6) are key elements of the pharmacophore of the PAC1 receptor. This study, supported by NMR structural analyses, suggests that the N-terminal tail of PACAP (residues 1 to 4) adopts a specific conformation similar to a turn when it activates the PAC1 receptor. Moreover, the integrity of the alpha-helix conformation observed at positions 5 to 7 appears crucial to allow the binding of PACAP. Characterization of analogues led to the identification of several superagonists, such as [Bip(6)]PACAP27, and of a new potent PAC1 receptor antagonist, [Sar(4)]PACAP38. The bioactive conformation inferred from this SAR study could constitute an appropriate molecular scaffold supporting the design of nonpeptidic PAC1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Bourgault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Quebec H7V 1B7, Canada
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27
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Miranda LP, Holder JR, Shi L, Bennett B, Aral J, Gegg CV, Wright M, Walker K, Doellgast G, Rogers R, Li H, Valladares V, Salyers K, Johnson E, Wild K. Identification of Potent, Selective, and Metabolically Stable Peptide Antagonists to the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Receptor. J Med Chem 2008; 51:7889-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm8009298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Les P. Miranda
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Jerry Ryan Holder
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Licheng Shi
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Brian Bennett
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Jennifer Aral
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Colin V. Gegg
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Marie Wright
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kenneth Walker
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - George Doellgast
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Rick Rogers
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Hongyan Li
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Violeta Valladares
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kevin Salyers
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Eileen Johnson
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
| | - Kenneth Wild
- Chemistry Research and Discovery, Protein Sciences, Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, and Neuroscience, Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320
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28
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Böhme I, Stichel J, Walther C, Mörl K, Beck-Sickinger AG. Agonist induced receptor internalization of neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes depends on third intracellular loop and C-terminus. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1740-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ladram A, Besné I, Breton L, de Lacharrière O, Nicolas P, Amiche M. Pharmacologic study of C-terminal fragments of frog skin calcitonin gene-related peptide. Peptides 2008; 29:1150-6. [PMID: 18395938 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2007] [Revised: 02/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The calcitonin gene-related peptide from the skin of the frog Phyllomedusa bicolor (pbCGRP) is a 37-residue neuropeptide that differs from human alpha CGRP (halphaCGRP) at 16 positions. The affinities of the C-terminal fragments of pbCGRP and halphaCGRP were evaluated in SK-N-MC cells: pbCGRP(8-37) (K(i)=0.2nM) and pbCGRP(27-37) (K(i)=95nM) were, respectively, 3 times and 20 times more potent than the human fragments halphaCGRP(8-37) and halphaCGRP(27-37). Their antagonistic potencies were measured in SK-N-MC and Col 29 cells, and the rat vas deferens. pbCGRP(8-37) inhibited the halphaCGRP-stimulated production of cAMP by SK-N-MC and Col 29 cells 3 to 4 times more strongly than halphaCGRP(8-37). Thus pbCGRP(8-37) is the most potent CGRP-1 competitive antagonist of all the natural sequences reported to date. pbCGRP(27-37) was also as potent as [D(31), A(34), F(35)] halphaCGRP(27-37), a prototypic antagonist analog derived from structure-activity relationship studies of halphaCGRP(8-37).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ladram
- Peptidome de la Peau des Amphibiens, FRE2852, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Tour 43, 2 Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cédex 05, France.
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Calò S, Tondi D, Ferrari S, Venturelli A, Ghelli S, Costi MP. Constrained Dansyl Derivatives Reveal Bacterial Specificity of Highly Conserved Thymidylate Synthases. Chembiochem 2008; 9:779-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Pluder F, Sinz A, Beck-Sickinger AG. Proliferative effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide is induced by at least five proteins as identified by proteome profiling. Chem Biol Drug Des 2007; 69:14-22. [PMID: 17313453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2007.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide is a 37 amino acid neuropeptide. Although calcitonin gene-related peptide activates a G-protein-coupled receptor, recent evidence suggests that calcitonin gene-related peptide induces more complex signaling cascades including the activation of MAP kinases [Eur J Pharmacol; 389:125-130 (2000), Neuropeptides; 34:229-233 (2000)]. However, the molecular mechanisms of this activation still remain to be elucidated. For the first time we applied a proteomics approach in order to identify molecular targets of calcitonin gene-related peptide downstream signaling in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC and identified proteins that changed either their expression, location, or their post-translational modifications in a time-dependent manner after calcitonin gene-related peptide stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franka Pluder
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Boeglin D, Hamdan FF, Melendez RE, Cluzeau J, Laperriere A, Héroux M, Bouvier M, Lubell WD. Calcitonin gene-related peptide analogues with aza and indolizidinone amino acid residues reveal conformational requirements for antagonist activity at the human calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 receptor. J Med Chem 2007; 50:1401-8. [PMID: 17319653 DOI: 10.1021/jm061343w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists have potential for the treatment and prevention of disease states such as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, migraine headache, pain, and inflammation. To gain insight into the spatial requirements for CGRP antagonism, three strategies were employed to restrict the conformation of the potent undecapeptide antagonist, [D31,P34,F35]CGRP27-37. First, aza-amino acid scanning was performed, and ten aza-peptide analogues were synthesized and examined for biological activity. Second, (3S,6S,9S)-2-oxo-3-amino-indolizidin-2-one amino acid (I2aa) and (2S,6S,8S)-9-oxo-8-amino-indolizidin-9-one amino acid (I9aa) both were introduced at positions 31-32, 32-33, 33-34, and 34-35, regions of the backbone expected to adopt turns. Finally, the conformation of the backbone and side-chain of the C-terminal residue, Phe35-Ala36-Phe37-NH2, was explored employing (2S,4R,6R,8S)-9-oxo-8-amino-4-phenyl-indolizidin-9-one amino acid (4-Ph-I9aa) as a constrained phenylalanine mimic. The structure-activity relationships exhibited by our 26 analogues illustrate conformational requirements important for designing CGRP antagonists and highlight the importance of beta-turns centered at Gly33-Pro34 for potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Boeglin
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Böhme I, Mörl K, Bamming D, Meyer C, Beck-Sickinger AG. Tracking of human Y receptors in living cells--a fluorescence approach. Peptides 2007; 28:226-34. [PMID: 17207557 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2006.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive methods for studying biological processes in living cells have become very important, also in the field of GPCR biochemistry. Great advancements in the application of fluorescence techniques as well as in the development and improvement of novel fluorophores allow the visualization of dynamic processes. Using these technologies, problems concerning receptor biosynthesis, internalization, recycling and degradation can be investigated. Here we compare the application of the different fluorescent tags EYFP, Lumiotrade mark and SNAPtrade mark to track hY(1) and hY(5) receptors in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Böhme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Brüderstr. 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Electrochemical oxidation of 2-substituted piperidines as a key step towards the synthesis of hydroxylated γ-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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