1
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Kumaran S, Parthasarathy K. Rhodium-Catalyzed Annulations and Heck Coupling/Aza-Michael Addition for the Synthesis of Benzothiadiazinoisoquinoline 6,6-Dioxides and Benzothiadiazinoisoindole 5,5-Dioxides, Respectively. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11989-12000. [PMID: 36049131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new and efficient protocol has been demonstrated for the synthesis of benzothiadiazinoisoquinoline 6,6-dioxides and benzothiadiazinoisoindole 5,5-dioxides in good to excellent yields. These compounds are formed through a sequential Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H cyclization of dihydrophenylbenzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides with alkynes and oxidative Heck coupling/aza-Michael addition of dihydrophenylbenzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides with acrylates, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Kumaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamilnadu, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Kanniyappan Parthasarathy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Tamilnadu, Chennai 600025, India
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2
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Chlorinated benzothiadiazines inhibit angiogenesis through suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116805. [PMID: 35635929 PMCID: PMC9888588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors are a critical pharmacological tool for the treatment of solid tumors. Suppressing vascular permeability leads to inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic potential by blocking the supply of oxygen and nutrients. Disruption of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway is a validated target for the design of antiangiogenic agents. Several VEGFR2 inhibitors have been clinically approved over the past years. Structural analysis of these clinical VEGFR2 inhibitors highlighted key functional group overlap with the benzothiadiazine core contained in a library of in-house compounds. Herein we ascribe anti-angiogenic activity to a series of chlorinated benzothiadiazines. Selected compounds show significant activity to completely ameliorate VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation by suppression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation. The scaffold is devoid of activity to inhibit carbonic anhydrases and generally lacks cytotoxicity across a range of cancer and non-malignant cell lines. Assay of activity at 468 kinases shows remarkable selectivity with only four kinases inhibited > 65% at 10 µM concentration, and with significant activity to inhibit TNK2/ACK1 and PKRD2 by > 90%. All four identified kinase targets are known modulators of angiogenesis, thus highlighting compound 17b as a novel angiogenesis inhibitor for further development.
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Huwaimel BI, Bhakta M, Kulkarni CA, Milliken AS, Wang F, Peng A, Brookes PS, Trippier PC. Discovery of Halogenated Benzothiadiazine Derivatives with Anticancer Activity*. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1143-1162. [PMID: 33331124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory complex II (CII), also known as succinate dehydrogenase, plays a critical role in mitochondrial metabolism. Known but low potency CII inhibitors are selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells including the benzothiadiazine-based anti-hypoglycemic diazoxide. Herein, we study the structure-activity relationship of benzothiadiazine derivatives for CII inhibition and their effect on cancer cells for the first time. A 15-fold increase in CII inhibition was achieved over diazoxide, albeit with micromolar IC50 values. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the novel derivatives resulted in the identification of compounds with much greater antineoplastic effect than diazoxide, the most potent of which possesses an IC50 of 2.93±0.07 μM in a cellular model of triple-negative breast cancer, with high selectivity over nonmalignant cells and more than double the potency of the clinical agent 5-fluorouracil. No correlation between cytotoxicity and CII inhibition was found, thus indicating an as-yet-undefined mechanism of action of this scaffold. The derivatives described herein represent valuable hit compounds for therapeutic discovery in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader I Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Myla Bhakta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Chaitanya A Kulkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
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4
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Zhu H, Liu S, He C, Zhang J, Wang L. Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes via Inorganic Base‐Mediated Cycloaddition Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineJilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentChinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 P. R. China
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5
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A Thermochemical Parameters and Theoretical Study of the Chlorinated Compounds of Thiophene. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/7680264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This contribution sets out to compute thermochemical and geometrical parameters of the complete series of chlorinated isomers of thiophene based on the accurate chemistry model of CBS-QB3. Herein, we compute standard entropies, standard enthalpies of formation, standard Gibbs free energies of formation, and heat capacities. Our calculated enthalpy values agree with available limited experimental values. The DFT-based reactivity descriptors were used to elucidate the site selectivity for the chlorination sequence of thiophene. The relative preference for chlorination was found to be in accord with the thermodynamic stability trends inferred based on the H scale. Calculated Fukui indices predict a chlorination sequence to ensue as follows: 2-chloro → 2,5-dichloro → 2,3,5-trichloro → 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorothiophene.
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6
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Huang J, Huang Y, Wang T, Huang Q, Wang Z, Chen Z. Microwave-Assisted Cp*CoIII-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Double C–N Bond Formation Reactions to Thiadiazine 1-Oxides. Org Lett 2017; 19:1128-1131. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiapian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yangfei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Qin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, and College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China
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7
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Haythorne E, Hamilton DL, Findlay JA, Beall C, McCrimmon RJ, Ashford MLJ. Chronic exposure to K ATP channel openers results in attenuated glucose sensing in hypothalamic GT1-7 neurons. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:212-222. [PMID: 27618741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) are often exposed to recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia. This reduces hormonal and behavioural responses that normally counteract low glucose in order to maintain glucose homeostasis, with altered responsiveness of glucose sensing hypothalamic neurons implicated. Although the molecular mechanisms are unknown, pharmacological studies implicate hypothalamic ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) activity, with KATP openers (KCOs) amplifying, through cell hyperpolarization, the response to hypoglycaemia. Although initial findings, using acute hypothalamic KCO delivery, in rats were promising, chronic exposure to the KCO NN414 worsened the responses to subsequent hypoglycaemic challenge. To investigate this further we used GT1-7 cells to explore how NN414 affected glucose-sensing behaviour, the metabolic response of cells to hypoglycaemia and KATP activity. GT1-7 cells exposed to 3 or 24 h NN414 exhibited an attenuated hyperpolarization to subsequent hypoglycaemic challenge or NN414, which correlated with diminished KATP activity. The reduced sensitivity to hypoglycaemia was apparent 24 h after NN414 removal, even though intrinsic KATP activity recovered. The NN414-modified glucose responsiveness was not associated with adaptations in glucose uptake, metabolism or oxidation. KATP inactivation by NN414 was prevented by the concurrent presence of tolbutamide, which maintains KATP closure. Single channel recordings indicate that NN414 alters KATP intrinsic gating inducing a stable closed or inactivated state. These data indicate that exposure of hypothalamic glucose sensing cells to chronic NN414 drives a sustained conformational change to KATP, probably by binding to SUR1, that results in loss of channel sensitivity to intrinsic metabolic factors such as MgADP and small molecule agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Haythorne
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - John A Findlay
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Craig Beall
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Michael L J Ashford
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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8
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Martin GM, Rex EA, Devaraneni P, Denton JS, Boodhansingh KE, DeLeon DD, Stanley CA, Shyng SL. Pharmacological Correction of Trafficking Defects in ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels Caused by Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 Mutations. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21971-21983. [PMID: 27573238 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels play a key role in mediating glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by coupling metabolic signals to β-cell membrane potential. Loss of KATP channel function due to mutations in ABCC8 or KCNJ11, genes encoding the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) or the inwardly rectifying potassium channel Kir6.2, respectively, results in congenital hyperinsulinism. Many SUR1 mutations prevent trafficking of channel proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Channel inhibitors, including sulfonylureas and carbamazepine, have been shown to correct channel trafficking defects. In the present study, we identified 13 novel SUR1 mutations that cause channel trafficking defects, the majority of which are amenable to pharmacological rescue by glibenclamide and carbamazepine. By contrast, none of the mutant channels were rescued by KATP channel openers. Cross-linking experiments showed that KATP channel inhibitors promoted interactions between the N terminus of Kir6.2 and SUR1, whereas channel openers did not, suggesting the inhibitors enhance intersubunit interactions to overcome channel biogenesis and trafficking defects. Functional studies of rescued mutant channels indicate that most mutants rescued to the cell surface exhibited WT-like sensitivity to ATP, MgADP, and diazoxide. In intact cells, recovery of channel function upon trafficking rescue by reversible sulfonylureas or carbamazepine was facilitated by the KATP channel opener diazoxide. Our study expands the list of KATP channel trafficking mutations whose function can be recovered by pharmacological ligands and provides further insight into the structural mechanism by which channel inhibitors correct channel biogenesis and trafficking defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Martin
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Emily A Rex
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Prasanna Devaraneni
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Jerod S Denton
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, and
| | - Kara E Boodhansingh
- the Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Diva D DeLeon
- the Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Charles A Stanley
- the Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239,
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9
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Chrobak E, Boryczka S, Wlekliński M, Kusz J, Zubko M, Maślankiewicz A. Synthesis and Transformations of 2-Oxo-2,3-dihydro-(1H,3H)-quino[4,3-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 4,4-Dioxide to N-Methyl-, 2-Chloro- and 2-Aminoquino[4,3-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 4,4-Dioxides. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-15-13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Francotte P, Goffin E, Fraikin P, Graindorge E, Lestage P, Danober L, Challal S, Rogez N, Nosjean O, Caignard DH, Pirotte B, de Tullio P. Development of Thiophenic Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Powerful Potentiators of 2-Amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7838-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400676g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Francotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Goffin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Fraikin
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E. Graindorge
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sylvie Challal
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Nathalie Rogez
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Olivier Nosjean
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pascal de Tullio
- Centre Interfacultaire
de Recherche du Médicament (CIRM)—Laboratoire de Chimie
Pharmaceutique, University of Liege, Avenue de l′Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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11
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Cherepakha A, Kovtunenko VO, Tolmachev A, Lukin O. A Noncatalytic Approach to Hetaryl-Annulated 1,2,4-Thiadiazine-1,1-dioxides. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Cherepakha
- ChemBioCenter, National Taras Shevchenko University; Kiev; 01033; Ukraine
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12
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Zhang X, Zhang N, Chen G, Turpoff A, Ren H, Takasugi J, Morrill C, Zhu J, Li C, Lennox W, Paget S, Liu Y, Almstead N, George Njoroge F, Gu Z, Komatsu T, Clausen V, Espiritu C, Graci J, Colacino J, Lahser F, Risher N, Weetall M, Nomeir A, Karp GM. Discovery of novel HCV inhibitors: Synthesis and biological activity of 6-(indol-2-yl)pyridine-3-sulfonamides targeting hepatitis C virus NS4B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3947-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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13
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Kumar SK, Rambabu D, Kumar CHV, Sreenivas BY, Prasad KRS, Rao MVB, Pal M. Catalysis by Amberlyst-15 under ultrasound in water: a green synthesis of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides and their spiro derivatives. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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14
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Lynch CJ, Zhou Q, Shyng SL, Heal DJ, Cheetham SC, Dickinson K, Gregory P, Firnges M, Nordheim U, Goshorn S, Reiche D, Turski L, Antel J. Some cannabinoid receptor ligands and their distomers are direct-acting openers of SUR1 K(ATP) channels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E540-51. [PMID: 22167524 PMCID: PMC3311290 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00250.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, we examined the chronic effects of two cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) inverse agonists, rimonabant and ibipinabant, in hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats to determine their chronic effects on insulinemia. Rimonabant and ibipinabant (10 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹) elicited body weight-independent improvements in insulinemia and glycemia during 10 wk of chronic treatment. To elucidate the mechanism of insulin lowering, acute in vivo and in vitro studies were then performed. Surprisingly, chronic treatment was not required for insulin lowering. In acute in vivo and in vitro studies, the CB1 inverse agonists exhibited acute K channel opener (KCO; e.g., diazoxide and NN414)-like effects on glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) with approximately fivefold better potency than diazoxide. Followup studies implied that these effects were inconsistent with a CB1-mediated mechanism. Thus effects of several CB1 agonists, inverse agonists, and distomers during GTTs or GSIS studies using perifused rat islets were unpredictable from their known CB1 activities. In vivo rimonabant and ibipinabant caused glucose intolerance in CB1 but not SUR1-KO mice. Electrophysiological studies indicated that, compared with diazoxide, 3 μM rimonabant and ibipinabant are partial agonists for K channel opening. Partial agonism was consistent with data from radioligand binding assays designed to detect SUR1 K(ATP) KCOs where rimonabant and ibipinabant allosterically regulated ³H-glibenclamide-specific binding in the presence of MgATP, as did diazoxide and NN414. Our findings indicate that some CB1 ligands may directly bind and allosterically regulate Kir6.2/SUR1 K(ATP) channels like other KCOs. This mechanism appears to be compatible with and may contribute to their acute and chronic effects on GSIS and insulinemia.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/agonists
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects
- Anti-Obesity Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cricetinae
- Glucose Intolerance/chemically induced
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/metabolism
- Ligands
- Male
- Membrane Transport Modulators/adverse effects
- Membrane Transport Modulators/chemistry
- Membrane Transport Modulators/pharmacology
- Membrane Transport Modulators/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Obese
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/agonists
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/genetics
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Zucker
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptors, Drug/agonists
- Receptors, Drug/genetics
- Receptors, Drug/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/agonists
- Recombinant Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Stereoisomerism
- Sulfonylurea Receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lynch
- Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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15
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Tricarico D, Rolland JF, Cannone G, Mele A, Cippone V, Laghezza A, Carbonara G, Fracchiolla G, Tortorella P, Loiodice F, Conte Camerino D. Structural nucleotide analogs are potent activators/inhibitors of pancreatic β cell KATP channels: an emerging mechanism supporting their use as antidiabetic drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:266-76. [PMID: 22028392 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.185835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2H-1,4-benzoxazine derivatives are novel drugs structurally similar to nucleotides; however, their actions on the pancreatic β cell ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel and on glucose disposal are unknown. Therefore, the effects of the linear/branched alkyl substituents and the aliphatic/aromatic rings at position 2 of the 2H-1,4-benzoxazine nucleus on the activity of these molecules against the pancreatic β cell KATP channel and the Kir6.2ΔC36 subunit were investigated using a patch-clamp technique. The effects of these compounds on glucose disposal that followed glucose loading by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and on fasting glycemia were investigated in normal mice. The 2-n-hexyl analog blocked the KATP (IC₅₀ = 10.1 × 10⁻⁹ M) and Kir6.2ΔC36 (IC₅₀ = 9.6 × 10⁻⁹ M) channels, which induced depolarization. In contrast, the 2-phenyl analog was a potent opener (drug concentration needed to enhance the current by 50% = 0.04 × 10⁻⁹ M), which induced hyperpolarization. The ranked order of the potency/efficacy of the analog openers was 2-phenyl > 2-benzyl > 2-cyclohexylmethyl. The 2-phenylethyl and 2-isopropyl analogs were not effective as blockers/openers. The 2-n-hexyl (2-10 mg/kg) and 2-phenyl analogs (2-30 mg/kg) reduced and enhanced the glucose areas under the curves, respectively, after glucose loading in mice. These compounds did not affect the fasting glycemia as is observed with glibenclamide. The linear alkyl chain and the aromatic ring at position 2 of the 1,4-benzoxazine nucleus are the determinants, which confer the KATP channel blocking action with glucose-lowering effects and the opening action with increased glucose levels, respectively. The opening/blocking actions of these compounds mimic those that were observed with ATP and ADP. The results support the use of these compounds as novel antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tricarico
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bari, Via Orabona No. 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy.
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Cherepakha A, Kovtunenko VO, Tolmachev A, Lukin O. A one-pot, non-catalytic approach to 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grygorenko OO, Artamonov OS, Komarov IV, Mykhailiuk PK. Trifluoromethyl-substituted cyclopropanes. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maślankiewicz A, Chrobak E, Wlekliński M, Kusz J, Zubko M, Michalik E. Pyrido- and Quino-1,2,4-thiadiazine S,S-Dioxides from Reactions of 4-Chloro-3-pyridinesulfonyl- and 4-Chloro-3-quinolinesulfonyl Chlorides with O-Methylisourea. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fischer A, Schmidt C, Lachenicht S, Grittner D, Winkler M, Wrobel T, Rood A, Lemoine H, Frank W, Braun M. Synthesis of Benzofuran, Benzothiophene, and Benzothiazole-Based Thioamides and their Evaluation as KATP Channel Openers. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:1749-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Seo HJ, Kim MJ, Lee SH, Lee SH, Jung ME, Kim MS, Ahn K, Kim J, Lee J. Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of 1,2,4-triazole-containing diarylpyrazolyl carboxamide as CB1 cannabinoid receptor–ligand. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1149-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Maślankiewicz A, Chrobak E, Wlekliński M, Kusz J, Zubko M, Zięba A. 2-Methyl- and 2-Dimethylaminoquino[4,3-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 4,4-Dioxides – Synthesis, Structure and N-Methylation. HETEROCYCLES 2010. [DOI: 10.3987/com-10-11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Lachenicht S, Fischer A, Schmidt C, Winkler M, Rood A, Lemoine H, Braun M. Synthesis of Modified 4H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxides and Determination of their Affinity and Selectivity for Different Types of KATPChannels. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1850-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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KATP channel openers: Tissue selectivity of original 3-alkylaminopyrido- and 3-alkylaminobenzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:468-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carosati E, Mannhold R, Wahl P, Hansen JB, Fremming T, Zamora I, Cianchetta G, Baroni M. Virtual Screening for Novel Openers of Pancreatic KATPChannels. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2117-26. [PMID: 17425298 DOI: 10.1021/jm061440p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ligand-based virtual screening approaches were applied to search for new chemotype KCOs activating Kir6.2/SUR1 KATP channels. A total of 65 208 commercially available compounds, extracted from the ZINC archive, served as database for screening. In a first step, pharmacokinetic filtering via VolSurf reduced the initial database to 1913 compounds. Afterward, six molecules were selected as templates for similarity searches: similarity scores, obtained toward these templates, were calculated with the GRIND, FLAP, and TOPP approaches, which differently encode structural information into potential pharmacophores. In this way, we obtained 32 hit candidates, 16 via GRIND and eight each via FLAP and TOPP. For biological testing of the hit candidates, their effects on membrane potentials in HEK 293 cells expressing Kir6.2/SUR1 were studied. GRIND, FLAP, and TOPP all yielded hits, but no method top-ranked all the actives. Thus, parallel application of different approaches probably improves hit detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Carosati
- Laboratory for Chemometrics and Cheminformatics, Chemistry Department, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto, 10, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Breschi MC, Calderone V, Martelli A, Minutolo F, Rapposelli S, Testai L, Tonelli F, Balsamo A. New benzopyran-based openers of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel with potent anti-ischemic properties. J Med Chem 2007; 49:7600-2. [PMID: 17181142 DOI: 10.1021/jm061228l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating, on a limited number of benzopyran compounds, whether the insertion of an electron-rich spirocyclic substituent at the C4 carbon of the benzopyran molecular nucleus may improve the cardioprotective properties against ischemia. Some of the new compounds (1b, 2b, and 4b) exhibited interesting anti-ischemic properties without affecting significantly the blood pressure parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Breschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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