1
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Yarravarapu N, Geffert L, Surratt CK, Cascio M, Lapinsky DJ. Clickable photoaffinity ligands for the human serotonin transporter based on the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (S)-citalopram. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3431-3435. [PMID: 30266542 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, the development of photoaffinity ligands targeting the human serotonin transporter (hSERT), a key protein involved in disease states such as depression and anxiety, have been radioisotope-based (i.e., 3H or 125I). This letter instead highlights three derivatives of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (S)-citalopram that were rationally designed and synthesized to contain a photoreactive benzophenone or an aryl azide for protein target capture via photoaffinity labeling and a terminal alkyne or an aliphatic azide for click chemistry-based proteomics. Specifically, clickable benzophenone-based (S)-citalopram photoprobe 6 (hSERT Ki = 0.16 nM) displayed 11-fold higher binding affinity at hSERT when compared to (S)-citalopram (hSERT Ki = 1.77 nM), and was subsequently shown to successfully undergo tandem photoaffinity labeling-biorthogonal conjugation using purified hSERT. Given clickable photoprobes can be used for various applications depending on which reporter is attached by click chemistry subsequent to photoaffinity labeling, photoprobe 6 is expected to find value in structure-function studies and other research applications involving hSERT (e.g., imaging).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswari Yarravarapu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Laura Geffert
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Christopher K Surratt
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Michael Cascio
- Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - David J Lapinsky
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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2
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Kirmeier T, Gopalakrishnan R, Gormanns V, Werner AM, Cuboni S, Rudolf GC, Höfner G, Wanner KT, Sieber SA, Schmidt U, Holsboer F, Rein T, Hausch F. Azidobupramine, an Antidepressant-Derived Bifunctional Neurotransmitter Transporter Ligand Allowing Covalent Labeling and Attachment of Fluorophores. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148608. [PMID: 26863431 PMCID: PMC4749225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design, synthesize and validate a multifunctional antidepressant probe that is modified at two distinct positions. The purpose of these modifications was to allow covalent linkage of the probe to interaction partners, and decoration of probe-target complexes with fluorescent reporter molecules. The strategy for the design of such a probe (i.e., azidobupramine) was guided by the need for the introduction of additional functional groups, conveying the required properties while keeping the additional moieties as small as possible. This should minimize the risk of changing antidepressant-like properties of the new probe azidobupramine. To control for this, we evaluated the binding parameters of azidobupramine to known target sites such as the transporters for serotonin (SERT), norepinephrine (NET), and dopamine (DAT). The binding affinities of azidobupramine to SERT, NET, and DAT were in the range of structurally related and clinically active antidepressants. Furthermore, we successfully visualized azidobupramine-SERT complexes not only in SERT-enriched protein material but also in living cells stably overexpressing SERT. To our knowledge, azidobupramine is the first structural analogue of a tricyclic antidepressant that can be covalently linked to target structures and further attached to reporter molecules while preserving antidepressant-like properties and avoiding radioactive isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kirmeier
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Munich, Germany
| | - Ranganath Gopalakrishnan
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Gormanns
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M. Werner
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Serena Cuboni
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg C. Rudolf
- Technical University Munich, IAS, CIPSM, Department of Chemistry, Garching, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department Pharmazie Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department Pharmazie Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Sieber
- Technical University Munich, IAS, CIPSM, Department of Chemistry, Garching, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Department, Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (TR); (F. Hausch)
| | - Felix Hausch
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail: (TR); (F. Hausch)
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3
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Kumar V, Yarravarapu N, Lapinsky DJ, Perley D, Felts B, Tomlinson MJ, Vaughan RA, Henry LK, Lever JR, Newman AH. Novel Azido-Iodo Photoaffinity Ligands for the Human Serotonin Transporter Based on the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (S)-Citalopram. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5609-19. [PMID: 26153715 PMCID: PMC4515784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Three photoaffinity ligands (PALs)
for the human serotonin transporter
(hSERT) were synthesized based on the selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor (SSRI), (S)-citalopram (1).
The classic 4-azido-3-iodo-phenyl group was appended to either the
C-1 or C-5 position of the parent molecule, with variable-length linkers,
to generate ligands 15, 22, and 26. These ligands retained high to moderate affinity binding (Ki = 24–227 nM) for hSERT, as assessed
by [3H]5-HT transport inhibition. When tested against Ser438Thr
hSERT, all three PALs showed dramatic rightward shifts in inhibitory
potency, with Ki values ranging from 3.8
to 9.9 μM, consistent with the role of Ser438 as a key residue
for high-affinity binding of many SSRIs, including (S)-citalopram. Photoactivation studies demonstrated irreversible adduction
to hSERT by all ligands, but the reduced (S)-citalopram
inhibition of labeling by [125I]15 compared
to that by [125I]22 and [125I]26 suggests differences in binding mode(s). These radioligands
will be useful for characterizing the drug–protein binding
interactions for (S)-citalopram at hSERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Nageswari Yarravarapu
- ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - David J Lapinsky
- ‡Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Danielle Perley
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Bruce Felts
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Michael J Tomlinson
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Roxanne A Vaughan
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - L Keith Henry
- §Department of Basic Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - John R Lever
- ∥Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United States.,⊥Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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4
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Dallanoce C, Canovi M, Matera C, Mennini T, De Amici M, Gobbi M, De Micheli C. A novel spirocyclic tropanyl-Δ²-isoxazoline derivative enhances citalopram and paroxetine binding to serotonin transporters as well as serotonin uptake. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:6344-55. [PMID: 23022052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A group of spirocyclic tropanyl-Δ(2)-isoxazolines was synthesized exploiting the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to olefins. Their interaction with the dopamine and serotonin transporters (DAT and SERT, respectively) was evaluated through binding experiments. The majority of the compounds had no inhibitory effects (IC(50) >> 10 μM), while some had an IC(50) value in the range 5-10 μM (8a-c, 10b and 11c on DAT, 12b on SERT). Unexpectedly, one of the tertiary amines under investigation, that is 3'-methoxy-8-methyl-spiro{8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3,5'(4'H)-isoxazole 7a, was able to enhance at a concentration of 10 μM both [(3)H]citalopram and [(3)H]paroxetine binding to SERT in rat brain homogenate (up to 25%, due to an increase of B(max)) and [(3)H]serotonin uptake (up to 30%) in cortical synaptosomes. This peculiar pharmacological profile of 7a suggests it binds to an allosteric site on SERT, and positions derivative 7a as a very useful tool to investigate SERT machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Dallanoce
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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5
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Lapinsky DJ, Yarravarapu N, Nolan TL, Surratt CK, Lever JR, Tomlinson M, Vaughan RA, Deutsch HM. Evolution of a Compact Photoprobe for the Dopamine Transporter Based on (±)-threo-Methylphenidate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:378-382. [PMID: 23066448 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of photoaffinity ligands for determining covalent points of attachment to the dopamine transporter (DAT) has predominantly focused on tropane-based compounds bearing variable-length linkers between the photoreactive group and inhibitor pharmacophore. In order to expand the array of photoprobes useful for mapping inhibitor-binding pockets within the DAT, a compact non-tropane ligand was synthesized featuring a photoreactive azide and iodine tag directly attached to the aromatic ring of (±)-threo-methylphenidate. (±)-threo-4-Azido-3-iodomethylphenidate ((±)-6); K(i) = 4.0 ± 0.8 nM) displayed high affinity for hDAT. Moreover, a radioiodinated analog of (±)-6 demonstrated covalent ligation to the DAT in cultured cells and rat striatal membranes, thus suggesting the potential utility of this photoprobe in DAT structure-function studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Lapinsky
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Nageswari Yarravarapu
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Tammy L. Nolan
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Christopher K. Surratt
- Division of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - John R. Lever
- Departments of Radiology, and
Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, One Hospital Drive, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, United
States
- Harry S. Truman Veterans Administration Medical Center, 800 Hospital Drive, Columbia,
Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Michael Tomlinson
- Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North
Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Roxanne A. Vaughan
- Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North
Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Howard M. Deutsch
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
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6
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Lapinsky DJ, Aggarwal S, Nolan TL, Surratt CK, Lever JR, Acharya R, Vaughan RA, Pandhare A, Blanton MP. (±)-2-(N-tert-Butylamino)-3'-[(125)I]-iodo-4'-azidopropiophenone: a dopamine transporter and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor photoaffinity ligand based on bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:523-6. [PMID: 22119468 PMCID: PMC3249008 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Towards addressing the knowledge gap of how bupropion interacts with the dopamine transporter (DAT) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), a ligand was synthesized in which the chlorine of bupropion was isosterically replaced with an iodine and a photoreactive azide was added to the 4'-position of the aromatic ring. Analog (±)-3 (SADU-3-72) demonstrated modest DAT and α4β2 nAChR affinity. A radioiodinated version was shown to bind covalently to hDAT expressed in cultured cells and affinity-purified, lipid-reincorporated human α4β2 neuronal nAChRs. Co-incubation of (±)-[(125)I]-3 with non-radioactive (±)-bupropion or (-)-cocaine blocked labeling of these proteins. Compound (±)-[(125)I]-3 represents the first successful example of a DAT and nAChR photoaffinity ligand based on the bupropion scaffold. Such ligands are expected to assist in mapping bupropion-binding pockets within plasma membrane monoamine transporters and ligand-gated nAChR ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lapinsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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7
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Lapinsky DJ, Velagaleti R, Yarravarapu N, Liu Y, Huang Y, Surratt CK, Lever JR, Foster JD, Acharya R, Vaughan RA, Deutsch HM. Azido-iodo-N-benzyl derivatives of threo-methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta): Rational design, synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and dopamine transporter photoaffinity labeling. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:504-12. [PMID: 21129986 PMCID: PMC3023924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to tropane-based compounds such as benztropine and cocaine, non-tropane-based photoaffinity ligands for the dopamine transporter (DAT) are relatively unexplored. Towards addressing this knowledge gap, ligands were synthesized in which the piperidine nitrogen of 3- and 4-iodomethylphenidate was substituted with a benzyl group bearing a photoreactive azide. Analog (±)-3a demonstrated modest DAT affinity and a radioiodinated version was shown to bind covalently to rat striatal DAT and hDAT expressed in cultured cells. Co-incubation of (±)-3a with nonradioactive d-(+)-methylphenidate or (-)-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (β-CFT, WIN-35,428, a cocaine analog) blocked DAT labeling. Compound (±)-3a represents the first successful example of a DAT photoaffinity ligand based on the methylphenidate scaffold. Such ligands are expected to assist in mapping non-tropane ligand-binding pockets within plasma membrane monoamine transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lapinsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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8
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Lapinsky DJ, Aggarwal S, Huang Y, Surratt CK, Lever JR, Foster JD, Vaughan RA. A novel photoaffinity ligand for the dopamine transporter based on pyrovalerone. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3770-4. [PMID: 19442525 PMCID: PMC2696686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-tropane-based photoaffinity ligands for the dopamine transporter (DAT) are relatively unexplored in contrast to tropane-based compounds such as cocaine. In order to fill this knowledge gap, a ligand was synthesized in which the aromatic ring of pyrovalerone was substituted with a photoreactive azido group. The analog 1-(4-azido-3-iodophenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-pentan-1-one demonstrated appreciable binding affinity for the DAT (K(i)=78+/-18 nM), suggesting the potential utility of a radioiodinated version in structure-function studies of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lapinsky
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University Mylan School of Pharmacy, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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9
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10
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Parnas ML, Gaffaney JD, Zou MF, Lever JR, Newman AH, Vaughan RA. Labeling of dopamine transporter transmembrane domain 1 with the tropane ligand N-[4-(4-azido-3-[125I]iodophenyl)butyl]-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane implicates proximity of cocaine and substrate active sites. Mol Pharmacol 2008; 73:1141-50. [PMID: 18216182 DOI: 10.1124/mol.107.043679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel photoaffinity ligand N-[4-(4-azido-3-(125)I-iodophenyl)-butyl]-2-beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane ([(125)I]MFZ 2-24) was used to investigate the site for cocaine binding on the dopamine transporter (DAT). [(125)I]MFZ 2-24 irreversibly labeled both rat striatal and expressed human DAT with high affinity and appropriate pharmacological specificity. Tryptic proteolysis of [(125)I]MFZ 2-24 labeled DAT followed by epitope-specific immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the ligand becomes adducted almost exclusively to transmembrane domains (TMs) 1-2. Further localization of [(125)I]MFZ 2-24 incorporation achieved by proteolyzing labeled wild-type and methionine mutant DATs with cyanogen bromide identified the sequence between residues 68 and 80 in TM1 as the ligand adduction site. This is in marked contrast to the previously identified attachment of the photoaffinity label [(125)I]RTI 82 in TM6. Because [(125)I]MFZ 2-24 and [(125)I]RTI 82 possess identical tropane pharmacophores and differ only in the placement of the reactive azido moieties, their distinct incorporation profiles identify the regions of the protein adjacent to different aspects of the cocaine molecule. These findings thus strongly support the direct interaction of cocaine on DAT with TM1 and TM6, both of which have been implicated by mutagenesis and homology to a bacterial leucine transporter as active sites for substrates. These results directly establish the proximity of TMs 1 and 6 in DAT and suggest that the mechanism of transport inhibition by cocaine involves close interactions with multiple regions of the substrate permeation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Laura Parnas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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11
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Filer CN. The synthesis of dopaminergic radioligands labelled with tritium and iodine-125. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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