1
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Fujihira Y, Iwasaki H, Sumii Y, Adachi H, Kagawa T, Shibata N. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones via Perfluoroalkylation of Esters Using HFC-23 and HFC-125 under a KHMDS–Triglyme System. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20220162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Engineering, Life Science and Applied Chemistry Program, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroto Iwasaki
- Department of Engineering, Life Science and Applied Chemistry Program, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sumii
- Department of Engineering, Life Science and Applied Chemistry Program, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Adachi
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan, 746-0006, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan, 746-0006, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Engineering, Life Science and Applied Chemistry Program, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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2
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Fujihira Y, Liang Y, Ono M, Hirano K, Kagawa T, Shibata N. Synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones by nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of esters under a fluoroform/KHMDS/triglyme system. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:431-438. [PMID: 33633811 PMCID: PMC7884878 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward method that enables the formation of biologically attractive trifluoromethyl ketones from readily available methyl esters using the potent greenhouse gas fluoroform (HCF3, HFC-23) was developed. The combination of fluoroform and KHMDS in triglyme at −40 °C was effective for this transformation, with good yields as high as 92%. Substrate scope of the trifluoromethylation procedure was explored for aromatic, aliphatic, and conjugated methyl esters. This study presents a straightforward trifluoromethylation process of various methyl esters that convert well to the corresponding trifluoromethyl ketones. The tolerance of various pharmacophores under the reaction conditions was also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Fujihira
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Yumeng Liang
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Makoto Ono
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hirano
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan
| | - Takumi Kagawa
- Tosoh Finechem Corporation, 4988, Kaiseicho, Shunan, 746-0006, Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan.,Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-5888, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Avenue, 321004 Jinhua, China
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3
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Huang S, Ou W, Li W, Xiao H, Pang Y, Zhou Y, Wang X, Yang X, Wang L. A total synthesis of (+)-brazilin. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Al-Rubaie AZ, Yosif MY, Asker KA. A new cyclic telluride. Synthesis and reactions of 1,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydronaphtho[2,3-c]tellurophene. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Z. Al-Rubaie
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
| | - Majeed Y. Yosif
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
| | - Kahtan A. Asker
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
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5
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Hu Y, Li CY, Wang XM, Yang YH, Zhu HL. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole: synthesis, reactions, and applications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5572-610. [PMID: 24716666 DOI: 10.1021/cr400131u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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6
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Sanz-Marco A, García-Ortiz A, Blay G, Pedro JR. Catalytic asymmetric conjugate addition of terminal alkynes to β-trifluoromethyl α,β-enones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:2275-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective conjugate alkynylation of β-trifluoromethyl α,β-enones using terminal alkynes and a taniaphos–Cu(i) complex as catalyst is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Sanz-Marco
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Andrea García-Ortiz
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Blay
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
| | - José R. Pedro
- Departament de Química Orgànica
- Facultat de Química
- Universitat de València
- 46100-Burjassot, Spain
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7
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Kuzmich D, Bentzien J, Betageri R, DiSalvo D, Fadra-Khan T, Harcken C, Kukulka A, Nabozny G, Nelson R, Pack E, Souza D, Thomson D. Function-regulating pharmacophores in a sulfonamide class of glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6640-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Fandrick DR, Reeves JT, Bakonyi JM, Nyalapatla PR, Tan Z, Niemeier O, Akalay D, Fandrick KR, Wohlleben W, Ollenberger S, Song JJ, Sun X, Qu B, Haddad N, Sanyal S, Shen S, Ma S, Byrne D, Chitroda A, Fuchs V, Narayanan BA, Grinberg N, Lee H, Yee N, Brenner M, Senanayake CH. Zinc Catalyzed and Mediated Asymmetric Propargylation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones with a Propargyl Boronate. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3592-615. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400080y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Fandrick
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Reeves
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Johanna M. Bakonyi
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Prasanth R. Nyalapatla
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Zhulin Tan
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Oliver Niemeier
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Deniz Akalay
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Keith R. Fandrick
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Wolfgang Wohlleben
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Swetlana Ollenberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Jinhua J. Song
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Xiufeng Sun
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Bo Qu
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Nizar Haddad
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Sanjit Sanyal
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Sherry Shen
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Shengli Ma
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Denis Byrne
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Ashish Chitroda
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Victor Fuchs
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Bikshandarkoil A. Narayanan
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Nelu Grinberg
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Heewon Lee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Nathan Yee
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
| | - Michael Brenner
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co KG, Binger Strasse 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Chris H. Senanayake
- Chemical Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury
Rd./PO BOX 368, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877-0368, United States
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9
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Straus DS. Design of small molecules targeting transcriptional activation by NF-κB: overview of recent advances. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 4:823-36. [PMID: 23496269 DOI: 10.1517/17460440903143739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor NF-κB plays a central role in immune signaling and the inflammatory response. It also activates transcription of antiapoptotic factors in tumor cells, leading to enhanced cell survival. Because of the importance of NF-κB in inflammation and cancer, there is considerable interest in development of drugs that inhibit NF-κB activation or NF-κB-directed transcription. Recent elucidation of the intracellular pathways that activate NF-κB and mechanisms for transcriptional regulation by NF-κB has identified molecular targets for rational design of such drugs. OBJECTIVE This review provides an update on NF-κB signaling and an overview of three classes of NF-κB inhibitors: i) inhibitors of IκB kinase-β (also called IKK2), an essential link in the inflammatory response; ii) agents that react with NF-κB and prevent its binding to DNA; and iii) ligands for nuclear receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor, PPARs and liver X receptor, which interfere with NF-κB-mediated transcription through a mechanism termed ligand-dependent transrepression. Recent progress in development of glucocorticoid receptor, PPAR and liver X receptor ligands with dissociated activity, which retain transrepression but have reduced transactivation potency, is also described. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB inhibitors have yielded promising results in rodent models of inflammatory disease and cancer. Some of these are currently advancing into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Straus
- University of California, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521-0121, USA +1 951 827 5612 ; +1 951 827 5504 ;
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10
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Yeo SJ, Liu Y, Wang X. A one-pot three-component reaction for the preparation of highly functionalized tryptamines. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Betageri R, Gilmore T, Kuzmich D, Kirrane TM, Bentzien J, Wiedenmayer D, Bekkali Y, Regan J, Berry A, Latli B, Kukulka AJ, Fadra TN, Nelson RM, Goldrick S, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Souza D, Pelletier J, Dinallo R, Panzenbeck M, Torcellini C, Lee H, Pack E, Harcken C, Nabozny G, Thomson DS. Non-steroidal dissociated glucocorticoid agonists: indoles as A-ring mimetics and function-regulating pharmacophores. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6842-51. [PMID: 21963986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a SAR of non-steroidal glucocorticoid mimetics that utilize indoles as A-ring mimetics. Detailed SAR is discussed with a focus on improving PR and MR selectivity, GR agonism, and in vitro dissociation profile. SAR analysis led to compound (R)-33 which showed high PR and MR selectivity, potent agonist activity, and reduced transactivation activity in the MMTV and aromatase assays. The compound is equipotent to prednisolone in the LPS-TNF model of inflammation. In mouse CIA, at 30 mg/kg compound (R)-33 inhibited disease progression with an efficacy similar to the 3 mg/kg dose of prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Betageri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
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12
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Biju P, McCormick K, Aslanian R, Berlin M, Solomon D, Chapman R, McLeod R, Prelusky D, Eckel S, Kelly G, Natiello M, House A, Fernandez X, Bitar R, Phillips J, Anthes J. Steroidal C-21 mercapto derivatives as dissociated steroids: discovery of an inhaled dissociated steroid. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6343-7. [PMID: 21944381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of C-21 mercapto derivatives of hydrocortisone have been synthesized and evaluated in cell based transrepression and transactivation assays. The benzothiazole derivative, compound 6 not only showed a dissociated profile in vitro functional assays but also a pharmacological profile in a Brown-Norway rat therapeutic index model of asthma that dissociated side effects (thymolysis) while maintaining efficacy against pulmonary inflammation and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purakkattle Biju
- Merck Research Laboratories, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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13
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McAllister LA, Bechle BM, Dounay AB, Evrard E, Gan X, Ghosh S, Kim JY, Parikh VD, Tuttle JB, Verhoest PR. A general strategy for the synthesis of cyclic N-aryl hydroxamic acids via partial nitro group reduction. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3484-97. [PMID: 21452845 DOI: 10.1021/jo200530j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a generalized approach to stereocontrolled synthesis of substituted cyclic hydroxamic acids (3-amino-1-hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinolinones) by selective reduction of substituted 2-nitrophenylalanine substrates. Compounds in this series have antibacterial properties and have also recently been reported as KAT II inhibitors. The key nitrophenyl alanine intermediates are prepared enantioselectively in excellent yield by phase transfer catalyzed alkylation of the corresponding nitrobenzyl bromides. The scope and limitations of the reductive cyclization transformation have been explored with attention to the effects of substitution pattern and electronics on reaction efficiency and byproduct formation. In addition, a novel activated trifluoroethyl ester cyclization strategy has been developed as an alternate approach to the most sterically demanding systems in this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A McAllister
- Neuroscience Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA.
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14
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Nonsteroidal 2,3-dihydroquinoline glucocorticoid receptor agonists with reduced PEPCK activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1654-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Discovery of orally available tetrahydroquinoline-based glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1697-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Tetrahydroquinolin-3-yl carbamate glucocorticoid receptor agonists with reduced PEPCK activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:1658-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Tetrahydroquinoline glucocorticoid receptor agonists: Discovery of a 3-hydroxyl for improving receptor selectivity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:168-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Sumiyoshi T, Tojo K, Urabe D, Tobe M. Asymmetric synthesis of the 6-cyanoindole derivatives as non-steroidal glucocorticoid receptor modulators using (+)- and (−)-tert-butyl 6-cyano-3-[3-ethoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-3-oxopropan-2-yl]-1H-indole-1-carboxylate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Nie J, Guo HC, Cahard D, Ma JA. Asymmetric construction of stereogenic carbon centers featuring a trifluoromethyl group from prochiral trifluoromethylated substrates. Chem Rev 2010; 111:455-529. [PMID: 21117644 DOI: 10.1021/cr100166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, China
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20
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Yang BV, Weinstein DS, Doweyko LM, Gong H, Vaccaro W, Huynh T, Xiao HY, Doweyko AM, McKay L, Holloway DA, Somerville JE, Habte S, Cunningham M, McMahon M, Townsend R, Shuster D, Dodd JH, Nadler SG, Barrish JC. Dimethyl-diphenyl-propanamide derivatives as nonsteroidal dissociated glucocorticoid receptor agonists. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8241-51. [PMID: 21073190 DOI: 10.1021/jm100957a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,2-dimethyl-3,3-diphenyl-propanamides as novel glucocorticoid receptor modulators is reported. SAR exploration led to the identification of 4-hydroxyphenyl propanamide derivatives displaying good agonist activity in GR-mediated transrepression assays and reduced agonist activity in GR-mediated transactivation assays. Compounds 17 and 30 showed anti-inflammatory activity comparable to prednisolone in the rat carrageenan-induced paw edema model, with markedly decreased side effects with regard to increases in blood glucose and expression of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase. A hypothetical binding mode accounting for the induction of the functional activity by a 4-hydroxyl group is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei V Yang
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
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21
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Riether D, Harcken C, Razavi H, Kuzmich D, Gilmore T, Bentzien J, Pack EJ, Souza D, Nelson RM, Kukulka A, Fadra TN, Zuvela-Jelaska L, Pelletier J, Dinallo R, Panzenbeck M, Torcellini C, Nabozny GH, Thomson DS. Nonsteroidal dissociated glucocorticoid agonists containing azaindoles as steroid A-ring mimetics. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6681-98. [PMID: 20735001 DOI: 10.1021/jm100751q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Syntheses and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists are described. These compounds contain azaindole moieties as A-ring mimetics and display various degrees of in vitro dissociation between gene transrepression and transactivation. Collagen induced arthritis studies in mouse have demonstrated that in vitro dissociated compounds (R)-16 and (R)-37 have steroid-like anti-inflammatory properties with improved metabolic side effect profiles, such as a reduced increase in body fat and serum insulin levels, compared to steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Riether
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, and Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, USA.
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22
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Discovery of quinolines as selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:5835-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.07.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Yates CM, Brown PJ, Stewart EL, Patten C, Austin RJH, Holt JA, Maglich JM, Angell DC, Sasse RZ, Taylor SJ, Uings IJ, Trump RP. Structure guided design of 5-arylindazole glucocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4531-44. [PMID: 20469868 DOI: 10.1021/jm100447c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists have been used for more than half a century as the most effective treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions despite serious side effects that accompany their extended use that include glucose intolerance, muscle wasting, skin thinning, and osteoporosis. As a starting point for the identification of GR ligands with an improved therapeutic index, we wished to discover selective nonsteroidal GR agonists and antagonists with simplified structure compared to known GR ligands to serve as starting points for the optimization of dissociated GR modulators. To do so, we selected multiple chemical series by structure guided docking studies and evaluated GR agonist activity. From these efforts we identified 5-arylindazole compounds that showed moderate binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with clear opportunities for further development. Structure guided optimization was used to design arrays that led to potent GR agonists and antagonists. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments were utilized to demonstrate that GR agonist 23a (GSK9027) had a profile similar to that of a classical steroidal GR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Yates
- Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-3398, USA
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Veleiro A, Alvarez L, Eduardo S, Burton G. Structure of the Glucocorticoid Receptor, a Flexible Protein That Can Adapt to Different Ligands. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:649-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Selective Glucocorticoid Receptor modulators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 120:96-104. [PMID: 20206690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ancient two-faced Roman god Janus is often used as a metaphor to describe the characteristics of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (NR3C1), which exhibits both a beneficial side, that serves to halt inflammation, and a detrimental side responsible for undesirable effects. However, recent developments suggest that the Glucocorticoid Receptor has many more faces with the potential to express a range of different functionalities, depending on factors that include the tissue type, ligand type, receptor variants, cofactor surroundings and target gene promoters. This behavior of the receptor has made the development of safer ligands, that trigger the expression program of only a desirable subset of genes, a real challenge. Thus more knowledge-based fundamental research is needed to ensure the design and development of selective Glucocorticoid Receptor modulators capable of reaching the clinic. Recent advances in the characterization of novel selective Glucocorticoid Receptor modulators, specifically in the context of anti-inflammatory strategies, will be described in this review.
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26
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Beck IME, Vanden Berghe W, Vermeulen L, Yamamoto KR, Haegeman G, De Bosscher K. Crosstalk in inflammation: the interplay of glucocorticoid receptor-based mechanisms and kinases and phosphatases. Endocr Rev 2009; 30:830-82. [PMID: 19890091 PMCID: PMC2818158 DOI: 10.1210/er.2009-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroidal ligands for the GC receptor (GR), which can function as a ligand-activated transcription factor. These steroidal ligands and derivatives thereof are the first line of treatment in a vast array of inflammatory diseases. However, due to the general surge of side effects associated with long-term use of GCs and the potential problem of GC resistance in some patients, the scientific world continues to search for a better understanding of the GC-mediated antiinflammatory mechanisms. The reversible phosphomodification of various mediators in the inflammatory process plays a key role in modulating and fine-tuning the sensitivity, longevity, and intensity of the inflammatory response. As such, the antiinflammatory GCs can modulate the activity and/or expression of various kinases and phosphatases, thus affecting the signaling efficacy toward the propagation of proinflammatory gene expression and proinflammatory gene mRNA stability. Conversely, phosphorylation of GR can affect GR ligand- and DNA-binding affinity, mobility, and cofactor recruitment, culminating in altered transactivation and transrepression capabilities of GR, and consequently leading to a modified antiinflammatory potential. Recently, new roles for kinases and phosphatases have been described in GR-based antiinflammatory mechanisms. Moreover, kinase inhibitors have become increasingly important as antiinflammatory tools, not only for research but also for therapeutic purposes. In light of these developments, we aim to illuminate the integrated interplay between GR signaling and its correlating kinases and phosphatases in the context of the clinically important combat of inflammation, giving attention to implications on GC-mediated side effects and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse M E Beck
- Laboratory of Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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27
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Horn EJ, Domm S, Katz HI, Lebwohl M, Mrowietz U, Kragballe K. Topical corticosteroids in psoriasis: strategies for improving safety. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 24:119-24. [PMID: 20175860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are a mainstay of topical therapy for psoriasis. While efficacious and relatively safe when used carefully, the potential for side effects, notably skin atrophy and adrenal suppression, have been associated with excesses in potency, prolonged or widespread use. The International Psoriasis Council Working Group on Topical Therapy has reviewed the efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids and recommends strategies for safe, long-term use of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Horn
- International Psoriasis Council, Dallas, Texas, USA
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28
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Yang BV, Vaccaro W, Doweyko AM, Doweyko LM, Huynh T, Tortolani D, Nadler SG, McKay L, Somerville J, Holloway DA, Habte S, Weinstein DS, Barrish JC. Discovery of novel dihydro-9,10-ethano-anthracene carboxamides as glucocorticoid receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2139-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Xu Y, Zhang T, Chen M. Combining 3D-QSAR, docking, molecular dynamics and MM/PBSA methods to predict binding modes for nonsteroidal selective modulator to glucocorticoid receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:393-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2008] [Revised: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Barnett HA, Coe DM, Cooper TWJ, Jack TI, Jones HT, Macdonald SJF, McLay IM, Rayner N, Sasse RZ, Shipley TJ, Skone PA, Somers GI, Taylor S, Uings IJ, Woolven JM, Weingarten GG. Aryl aminopyrazole benzamides as oral non-steroidal selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 19:158-62. [PMID: 19019676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aryl aminopyrazole amides capped with N-alkylbenzamides 13-16 are selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. 2,6-Disubstituted benzamides have prednisolone-like potency or better in vitro. Good oral exposure was demonstrated in the rat, with compounds with lower lipophilicity, for example N-hydroxyethyl benzamides (e.g., 16e).
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31
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Madauss KP, Bledsoe RK, Mclay I, Stewart EL, Uings IJ, Weingarten G, Williams SP. The first X-ray crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor bound to a non-steroidal agonist. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6097-9. [PMID: 18952422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amino-pyrazole 2,6-dichloro-N-ethyl benzamide 1 is a selective GR agonist with dexamethasone-like in vitro potency. Its X-ray crystal structure in the GR LBD (Glucocorticoid ligand-binding domain) is described and compared to other reported structures of steroidal GR agonists in the GR LBD (3E7C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Madauss
- Department of Computational and Structural Chemistry, Molecular Discovery Research, GlaxoSmithKline, 5 Moore Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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32
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Advances Toward Dissociated Non-Steroidal Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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