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Pseudotyped Viruses for Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:105-132. [PMID: 36920694 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) of the Filoviridae family are the most lethal viruses in terms of mortality rate. However, the development of antiviral treatment is hampered by the requirement for biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) containment. The establishment of BSL-2 pseudotyped viruses can provide important tools for the study of filoviruses. This chapter summarizes general information on the filoviruses and then focuses on the construction of replication-deficient pseudotyped MARV and EBOV (e.g., lentivirus system and vesicular stomatitis virus system). It also details the potential applications of the pseudotyped viruses, including neutralization antibody detection, the study of infection mechanisms, the evaluation of antibody-dependent enhancement, virus entry inhibitor screening, and glycoprotein mutation analysis.
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2
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Liu CH, Hu YT, Wong SH, Lin LT. Therapeutic Strategies against Ebola Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030579. [PMID: 35336986 PMCID: PMC8954160 DOI: 10.3390/v14030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2014–2016 epidemic, Ebola virus (EBOV) has spread to several countries and has become a major threat to global health. EBOV is a risk group 4 pathogen, which imposes significant obstacles for the development of countermeasures against the virus. Efforts have been made to develop anti-EBOV immunization and therapeutics, with three vaccines and two antibody-based therapeutics approved in recent years. Nonetheless, the high fatality of Ebola virus disease highlights the need to continuously develop antiviral strategies for the future management of EBOV outbreaks in conjunction with vaccination programs. This review aims to highlight potential EBOV therapeutics and their target(s) of inhibition, serving as a summary of the literature to inform readers of the novel candidates available in the continued search for EBOV antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yee-Tung Hu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Shu Hui Wong
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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3
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von Drathen T, Ure EM, Kirschner S, Roth A, Meier L, Woolhouse AD, Cameron SA, Knippschild U, Peifer C, Luxenburger A. C5-Iminosugar modification of casein kinase 1δ lead 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole promotes enhanced inhibitor affinity and selectivity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100497. [PMID: 35174898 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The quest for isoform-selective and specific ATP-competitive protein kinase inhibitors is of great interest, as inhibitors with these qualities will come with reduced toxicity and improved efficacy. However, creating such inhibitors is very challenging due to the high molecular similarity of kinases ATP active sites. To achieve selectivity for our casein kinase (CK) 1 inhibitor series, we elected to endow our previous CK1δ-hit, 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-isopropyl-4-(pyridin-4-yl)isoxazole (1), with chiral iminosugar scaffolds. These scaffolds were attached to C5 of the isoxazole ring, a position deemed favorable to facilitate binding interactions with the ribose pocket/solvent-open area of the ATP binding pocket of CK1δ. Here, we describe the synthesis of analogs of 1 ((-)-/(+)-34, (-)-/(+)-48), which were prepared in 13 steps from enantiomerically pure ethyl (3R,4S)- and ethyl (3S,4R)-1-benzyl-4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate ((-)-11 and (+)-11), respectively. The synthesis involved the coupling of Weinreb amide-activated chiral pyrrolidine scaffolds with 4- and 2-fluoro-4-picoline and reaction of the resulting 4-picolyl ketone intermediates ((-)-/(+)-40 and (-)-/(+)-44) with 4-fluoro-N-hydroxybenzenecarboximidoyl chloride to form the desired isoxazole ring. The activity of the compounds against human CK1δ, -ε, and -α was assessed in recently optimized in vitro assays. Compound (-)-34 was the most active compound with IC50 values (CK1δ/ε) of 1/8 µM and displayed enhanced selectivity toward CK1δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten von Drathen
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.,Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Elizabeth M Ure
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Kirschner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aileen Roth
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Meier
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anthony D Woolhouse
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Scott A Cameron
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Peifer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Luxenburger
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
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4
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Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1366:155-170. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8702-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of sulfonyl isoxazoles from sodium sulfinates and isoxazol-5(4H)-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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Spanò V, Rocca R, Barreca M, Giallombardo D, Montalbano A, Carbone A, Raimondi MV, Gaudio E, Bortolozzi R, Bai R, Tassone P, Alcaro S, Hamel E, Viola G, Bertoni F, Barraja P. Pyrrolo[2',3':3,4]cyclohepta[1,2- d][1,2]oxazoles, a New Class of Antimitotic Agents Active against Multiple Malignant Cell Types. J Med Chem 2020; 63:12023-12042. [PMID: 32986419 PMCID: PMC7901646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A new class of pyrrolo[2',3':3,4]cyclohepta[1,2-d][1,2]oxazoles was synthesized for the treatment of hyperproliferative pathologies, including neoplasms. The new compounds were screened in the 60 human cancer cell lines of the NCI drug screen and showed potent activity with GI50 values reaching the nanomolar level, with mean graph midpoints of 0.08-0.41 μM. All compounds were further tested on six lymphoma cell lines, and eight showed potent growth inhibitory effects with IC50 values lower than 500 nM. Mechanism of action studies showed the ability of the new [1,2]oxazoles to arrest cells in the G2/M phase in a concentration dependent manner and to induce apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. The most active compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization, with IC50 values of 1.9-8.2 μM, and appeared to bind to the colchicine site. The G2/M arrest was accompanied by apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, and PARP cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Spanò
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Rocca
- Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff,
Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100
Catanzaro, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica,
Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale
Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marilia Barreca
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty
of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via
Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Giallombardo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montalbano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Carbone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty
of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via
Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP,
Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova,
Italy
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics
Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for
Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica,
Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale
Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute,
Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale
Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Net4Science srl, Academic Spinoff,
Università Magna Græcia di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100
Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics
Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for
Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of
Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP,
Fondazione Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova,
Italy
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino,
Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, Via
Giustiniani 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty
of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Via
Vincenzo Vela 6, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Oncology Institute of Southern
Switzerland, Via Ospedale, 6500 Bellinzona,
Switzerland
| | - Paola Barraja
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical
Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo,
Via Archirafi 32, 90123 Palermo, Italy
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7
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Cooper L, Schafer A, Li Y, Cheng H, Medegan Fagla B, Shen Z, Nowar R, Dye K, Anantpadma M, Davey RA, Thatcher GRJ, Rong L, Xiong R. Screening and Reverse-Engineering of Estrogen Receptor Ligands as Potent Pan-Filovirus Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11085-11099. [PMID: 32886512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Filoviridae, including Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses, are emerging pathogens that pose a serious threat to public health. No agents have been approved to treat filovirus infections, representing a major unmet medical need. The selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) toremifene was previously identified from a screen of FDA-approved drugs as a potent EBOV viral entry inhibitor, via binding to EBOV glycoprotein (GP). A focused screen of ER ligands identified ridaifen-B as a potent dual inhibitor of EBOV and MARV. Optimization and reverse-engineering to remove ER activity led to a novel compound 30 (XL-147) showing potent inhibition against infectious EBOV Zaire (0.09 μM) and MARV (0.64 μM). Mutagenesis studies confirmed that inhibition of EBOV viral entry is mediated by the direct interaction with GP. Importantly, compound 30 displayed a broad-spectrum antifilovirus activity against Bundibugyo, Tai Forest, Reston, and Měnglà viruses and is the first submicromolar antiviral agent reported for some of these strains, therefore warranting further development as a pan-filovirus inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Adam Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bani Medegan Fagla
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Zhengnan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Raghad Nowar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Katherine Dye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78227, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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8
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Nielsen BE, Stabile S, Vitale C, Bouzat C. Design, Synthesis, and Functional Evaluation of a Novel Series of Phosphonate-Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazoles as Positive Allosteric Modulators of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2688-2704. [PMID: 32786318 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel widely distributed in the central nervous system, mainly in the hippocampus and cortex. The enhancement of its activity by positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for cognitive deficits and neurodegenerative disorders. With the aim of developing novel scaffolds with PAM activity, we designed and synthesized a series of phosphonate-functionalized 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles using supported copper nanoparticles as the cycloaddition reaction catalyst and evaluated their activity on α7 receptors by single-channel and whole-cell recordings. We identified several triazole derivatives that displayed PAM activity, with the compound functionalized with the methyl phosphonate group being the most efficacious one. At the macroscopic level, α7 potentiation was evidenced as an increase of the maximal currents elicited by acetylcholine with minimal effects on desensitization, recapitulating the actions of type I PAMs. At the single-channel level, the active compounds did not affect channel amplitude but significantly increased the duration of channel openings and activation episodes. By using chimeric and mutant α7 receptors, we demonstrated that the new α7 PAMs share transmembrane structural determinants of potentiation with other chemically nonrelated PAMs. To gain further insight into the chemical basis of potentiation, we applied structure-activity relationship strategies involving modification of the chain length, inversion of substituent positions in the triazole ring, and changes in the aromatic nucleus. Our findings revealed that the phosphonate-functionalized 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole is a novel pharmacophore for the development of therapeutic agents for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders associated with cholinergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Elizabeth Nielsen
- Departamento de Biologı́a, Bioquı́mica y Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquı́micas de Bahı́a Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento de Biologı́a, Bioquı́mica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Stabile
- Instituto de Quı́mica del Sur (INQUISUR), Departamento de Quı́mica, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Vitale
- Instituto de Quı́mica del Sur (INQUISUR), Departamento de Quı́mica, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- Departamento de Biologı́a, Bioquı́mica y Farmacia, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquı́micas de Bahı́a Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento de Biologı́a, Bioquı́mica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı́ficas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Lane TR, Ekins S. Toward the Target: Tilorone, Quinacrine, and Pyronaridine Bind to Ebola Virus Glycoprotein. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1653-1658. [PMID: 32832035 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyronaridine, tilorone, and quinacrine were recently identified by a machine learning model and demonstrated in vitro and in vivo activity against Ebola virus (EBOV) and represent viable candidates for drug repurposing. The target for these molecules was previously unknown. These drugs have now been docked into the crystal structure of the ebola glycoprotein and then experimentally validated in vitro using microscale thermophoresis to generate K d values for tilorone (0.73 μM), pyronaridine (7.34 μM), and quinacrine (7.55 μM). These molecules were shown to bind with a higher affinity than the previously reported toremifene (16 μM). These three structures provide more insight into the structural diversity of ebola glycoprotein inhibitors which can be utilized in the discovery and design of additional inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Lane
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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10
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Du X, Zuo X, Meng F, Wu F, Zhao X, Li C, Cheng G, Qin FXF. Combinatorial screening of a panel of FDA-approved drugs identifies several candidates with anti-Ebola activities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:862-868. [PMID: 31806372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), pathogen of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is an enveloped filamental RNA virus. Recently, the EHF crisis occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo again highlights the urgency for its clinical treatments. However, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutics are currently available. Drug repurposing screening is a time- and cost-effective approach for identifying anti-EBOV therapeutics. Here, by combinatorial screening using pseudovirion and minigenome replicon systems we have identified several FDA-approved drugs with significant anti-EBOV activities. These potential candidates include azithromycin, clomiphene, chloroquine, digitoxin, epigallocatechin-gallate, fluvastatin, tetrandrine and tamoxifen. Mechanistic studies revealed that fluvastatin inhibited EBOV pseudovirion entry by blocking the pathway of mevalonate biosynthesis, while the inhibitory effect of azithromycin on EBOV maybe due to its intrinsic cationic amphiphilic structure altering the homeostasis of later endosomal vesicle similar as tamoxifen. Moreover, based on structure and pathway analyses, the anti-EBOV activity has been extended to other family members of statins, such as simvastatin, and multiple other cardiac glycoside drugs, some of which exhibited even stronger activities. More importantly, in searching for drug interaction, we found various synergy between several anti-EBOV drug combinations, showing substantial and powerful synergistic against EBOV infection. In conclusion, our work illustrates a successful and productive approach to identify new mechanisms and targets for treating EBOV infection by combinatorial screening of FDA-approved drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Du
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xiangyang Zuo
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fang Meng
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - F Xiao-Feng Qin
- Center of Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
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11
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Karunakaran J, Dhatchana Moorthy N, Chowdhury SR, Iqbal S, Majumder HK, Gunasekaran K, Vellaichamy E, Mohanakrishnan AK. Divergent Synthesis and Evaluation of the in vitro Cytotoxicity Profiles of 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophenyl-2-propen-1-one Analogues. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1418-1430. [PMID: 31343838 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)-appended propenones were prepared by condensation reaction and their in vitro cytotoxicity effects were evaluated against five human cancer cell lines. Preliminary structure-activity relationships of EDOT-incorporated 2-propenone derivatives were also established. The EDOT-appended enones demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. The most active analogue, (E)-3-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3 p, GI50 =110 nm), severely inhibited the clonogenic potential of cancer cells, and induced cell-cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and caused an accumulation of HCT116 colon cancer cells with >4 N DNA content. Also, 3 p exhibited weak inhibition of the enzymatic activity of human topoisomerase I. Molecular docking studies indicated preferential binding of the compounds to the ATP-binding pocket of the human checkpoint 2 kinase (Chk2) catalytic domain, thus, identifying a novel diaryl 2-propenone chemotype for the development of potent inhibitors of Chk2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayachandran Karunakaran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nachiappan Dhatchana Moorthy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Orchid Pharma Limited, Orchid Towers #313, Valluvar Kottam High Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Somenath Roy Chowdhury
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saleem Iqbal
- Center for Advanced studies in Crystallography & Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemanta K Majumder
- Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishnasamy Gunasekaran
- Center for Advanced studies in Crystallography & Biophysics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elangovan Vellaichamy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arasambattu K Mohanakrishnan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Baranovsky AV, Ladyko AS, Shatskaya VA, Scherbakov AM. 14β-(Isoxazol-3-yl)methylestrane Steroids: Chemoselective Synthesis and Transformations with Heterocyclic Ring Opening. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801902012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Shaikh F, Zhao Y, Alvarez L, Iliopoulou M, Lohans C, Schofield CJ, Padilla-Parra S, Siu SWI, Fry EE, Ren J, Stuart DI. Structure-Based in Silico Screening Identifies a Potent Ebolavirus Inhibitor from a Traditional Chinese Medicine Library. J Med Chem 2019; 62:2928-2937. [PMID: 30785281 PMCID: PMC6441942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Potent Ebolavirus (EBOV) inhibitors
will help to curtail outbreaks
such as that which occurred in 2014–16 in West Africa. EBOV
has on its surface a single glycoprotein (GP) critical for viral entry
and membrane fusion. Recent high-resolution complexes of EBOV GP with
a variety of approved drugs revealed that binding to a common cavity
prevented fusion of the virus and endosomal membranes, inhibiting
virus infection. We performed docking experiments, screening a database
of natural compounds to identify those likely to bind at this site.
Using both inhibition assays of HIV-1-derived pseudovirus cell entry
and structural analyses of the complexes of the compounds with GP,
we show here that two of these compounds attach in the common binding
cavity, out of eight tested. In both cases, two molecules bind in
the cavity. The two compounds are chemically similar, but the tighter
binder has an additional chlorine atom that forms good halogen bonds
to the protein and achieves an IC50 of 50 nM, making it
the most potent GP-binding EBOV inhibitor yet identified, validating
our screening approach for the discovery of novel antiviral compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Shaikh
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Macau , E11, Macau 999078 , China.,Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K
| | - Maria Iliopoulou
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K
| | - Christopher Lohans
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oxford , Mansfield Road , Oxford OX1 3TA , U.K
| | | | - Sergi Padilla-Parra
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K.,Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute , Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao 48011 , Spain
| | - Shirley W I Siu
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Macau , E11, Macau 999078 , China
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology , University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine , Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN , U.K.,Diamond Light Source Limited , Harwell Science & Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0DE , U.K
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14
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Islam MA, Pillay TS. Pharmacoinformatics-based identification of chemically active molecules against Ebola virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:4104-4119. [PMID: 30449258 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1544509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ebola is a dangerous virus transmitted by animals and humans and to date there is no curable agent for such a deadly infectious disease. In this study, pharmacoinformatics-based methods were adopted to find effective novel chemical entities against Ebola virus. A well predictive and statistical robust pharmacophore model was developed from known Ebola virus inhibitors collected from the literature. The model explained the significance of each of hydrogen bond acceptor and donor, and two hydrophobic regions for activity. The National Cancer Institute and Asinex (Antiviral library) databases were screened using the final validated pharmacophore model. Initial hits were further screened with a set of criteria and finally eight molecules from both databases were proposed as promising anti Ebola agents. Further molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were carried out and it was found that the proposed molecules possessed capability to interact with amino residues of Ebola protein as well as retaining equilibrium of protein-ligand systems. Finally, the binding energies were calculated using molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area approach and all proposed molecules showed strong binding affinity towards the Ebola protein receptor. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ataul Islam
- a Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division , Pretoria , South Africa.,b School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Durban , South Africa
| | - Tahir S Pillay
- a Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria and National Health Laboratory Service Tshwane Academic Division , Pretoria , South Africa.,c Division of Chemical Pathology, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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15
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Cui Q, Cheng H, Xiong R, Zhang G, Du R, Anantpadma M, Davey RA, Rong L. Identification of Diaryl-Quinoline Compounds as Entry Inhibitors of Ebola Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120678. [PMID: 30513600 PMCID: PMC6315506 DOI: 10.3390/v10120678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus is the causative agent of Ebola virus disease in humans. The lethality of Ebola virus infection is about 50%, supporting the urgent need to develop anti-Ebola drugs. Glycoprotein (GP) is the only surface protein of the Ebola virus, which is functionally critical for the virus to attach and enter the host cells, and is a promising target for anti-Ebola virus drug development. In this study, using the recombinant HIV-1/Ebola pseudovirus platform we previously established, we evaluated a small molecule library containing various quinoline compounds for anti-Ebola virus entry inhibitors. Some of the quinoline compounds specifically inhibited the entry of the Ebola virus. Among them, compound SYL1712 was the most potent Ebola virus entry inhibitor with an IC50 of ~1 μM. The binding of SYL1712 to the vial glycoprotein was computationally modeled and was predicted to interact with specific residues of GP. We used the time of the addition assay to show that compound SYL1712 blocks Ebola GP-mediated entry. Finally, consistent with being an Ebola virus entry inhibitor, compound SYL1712 inhibited infectious Ebola virus replication in tissue culture under biosafety level 4 containment, with an IC50 of 2 μM. In conclusion, we identified several related molecules with a diaryl-quinoline scaffold as potential anti-EBOV entry inhibitors, which can be further optimized for anti-Ebola drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, and UICentre, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Gang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ruikun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Manu Anantpadma
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, 401P, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, 401P, 620 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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16
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Zhu B, Li F, Lu B, Chang J, Jiang Z. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of 5-Alkyl-4-Nitroisoxazoles to Paraformaldehyde. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11350-11358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Fuyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
| | - Bohua Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, P. R. China
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17
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Liu H, Tian Y, Lee K, Krishnan P, Wang MKM, Whelan S, Mevers E, Soloveva V, Dedic B, Liu X, Cunningham JM. Identification of Potent Ebola Virus Entry Inhibitors with Suitable Properties for in Vivo Studies. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6293-6307. [PMID: 29920098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies identified an adamantane dipeptide piperazine 3.47 that inhibits Ebola virus (EBOV) infection by targeting the essential receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). The physicochemical properties of 3.47 limit its potential for testing in vivo. Optimization by improving potency, reducing hydrophobicity, and replacing labile moieties identified 3.47 derivatives with improved in vitro ADME properties that are also highly active against EBOV infection, including when tested in the presence of 50% normal human serum (NHS). In addition, 3A4 was identified as the major cytochrome P450 isoform that metabolizes these compounds, and accordingly, mouse microsome stability was significantly improved when tested in the presence of the CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir that is approved for clinical use as a booster of anti-HIV drugs. Oral administration of the EBOV inhibitors with ritonavir resulted in a pharmacokinetic profile that supports a b.i.d. dosing regimen for efficacy studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Ye Tian
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - Kyungae Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Pranav Krishnan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - May Kwang-Mei Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Sean Whelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Emily Mevers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Veronica Soloveva
- United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases , Fort Detrick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - Benjamin Dedic
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Jinan , Shandong , PR China
| | - James M Cunningham
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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18
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Zhao Y, Ren J, Fry EE, Xiao J, Townsend AR, Stuart DI. Structures of Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Complexes with Tricyclic Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4938-4945. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Julia Xiao
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, U.K
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
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19
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Capuzzi SJ, Sun W, Muratov EN, Martínez-Romero C, He S, Zhu W, Li H, Tawa G, Fisher EG, Xu M, Shinn P, Qiu X, García-Sastre A, Zheng W, Tropsha A. Computer-Aided Discovery and Characterization of Novel Ebola Virus Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3582-3594. [PMID: 29624387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe human infection that lacks effective treatment. A recent screen identified a series of compounds that block EBOV-like particle entry into human cells. Using data from this screen, quantitative structure-activity relationship models were built and employed for virtual screening of a ∼17 million compound library. Experimental testing of 102 hits yielded 14 compounds with IC50 values under 10 μM, including several sub-micromolar inhibitors, and more than 10-fold selectivity against host cytotoxicity. These confirmed hits include FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates with non-antiviral indications, as well as compounds with novel scaffolds and no previously known bioactivity. Five selected hits inhibited BSL-4 live-EBOV infection in a dose-dependent manner, including vindesine (0.34 μM). Additional studies of these novel anti-EBOV compounds revealed their mechanisms of action, including the inhibition of NPC1 protein, cathepsin B/L, and lysosomal function. Compounds identified in this study are among the most potent and well-characterized anti-EBOV inhibitors reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Capuzzi
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States.,Department of Chemical Technology , Odessa National Polytechnic University , Odessa 65000 , Ukraine
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory , Public Health Agency of Canada , 1015 Arlington Street , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3R2 , Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory , Public Health Agency of Canada , 1015 Arlington Street , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3R2 , Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Manitoba , 745 Bannatyne Avenue , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 0J9 , Canada
| | - Hao Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Gregory Tawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Ethan G Fisher
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory , Public Health Agency of Canada , 1015 Arlington Street , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 3R2 , Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology , University of Manitoba , 745 Bannatyne Avenue , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3E 0J9 , Canada
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases , Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York , New York 10029 , United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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20
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Li J, Liu H, Meng F, Yan L, Shi Y, Zhang Y, Gu Q. Microwave-assisted Synthesis of New 1,2,3-Triazoles Bearing an Isoxazole Ring by the Azide-alkyne Cycloaddition Click Chemistry. Chem Res Chin Univ 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-018-7298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Ren J, Zhao Y, Fry EE, Stuart DI. Target Identification and Mode of Action of Four Chemically Divergent Drugs against Ebolavirus Infection. J Med Chem 2018; 61:724-733. [PMID: 29272110 PMCID: PMC5808380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we show that four chemically divergent approved drugs reported to inhibit Ebolavirus infection, benztropine, bepridil, paroxetine and sertraline, directly interact with the Ebolavirus glycoprotein. Binding of these drugs destabilizes the protein, suggesting that this may be the mechanism of inhibition, as reported for the anticancer drug toremifene and the painkiller ibuprofen, which bind in the same large cavity on the glycoprotein. Crystal structures show that the position of binding and the mode of interaction within the pocket vary significantly between these compounds. The binding constants (Kd) determined by thermal shift assay correlate with the protein-inhibitor interactions as well as with the antiviral activities determined by virus cell entry assays, supporting the hypothesis that these drugs inhibit viral entry by binding the glycoprotein and destabilizing the prefusion conformation. Details of the protein-inhibitor interactions of these complexes and their relation with binding affinity may facilitate the design of more potent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford , The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, U.K.,Diamond Light Source Ltd. , Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, U.K
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22
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Zhu B, Lee R, Yin Y, Li F, Coote ML, Jiang Z. Enantioselective Vinylogous Amination of 5-Alkyl-4-nitroisoxazoles with a Dipeptide-Based Guanidinium Phase-Transfer Catalyst. Org Lett 2018; 20:429-432. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Richmond Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Research & Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
- Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yanli Yin
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Fuyuan Li
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Research & Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
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23
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Kononova AA, Sokolova AS, Cheresiz SV, Yarovaya OI, Nikitina RA, Chepurnov AA, Pokrovsky AG, Salakhutdinov NF. N-Heterocyclic borneol derivatives as inhibitors of Marburg virus glycoprotein-mediated VSIV pseudotype entry. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:2233-2237. [PMID: 30108738 PMCID: PMC6072471 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no approved antiviral therapy for treatment of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Although filovirus infection outbreaks are quite rare, the high mortality rates in such outbreaks make the development of anti-filoviral drugs an important goal of medical chemistry and virology. Here, we performed screening of a large library of natural derivatives for their virus entry inhibition activity using pseudotype systems. The bornyl ester derivatives containing saturated N-heterocycles exhibited the highest antiviral activity. It is supposed that compounds with specific inhibitory activity toward MarV-GP-dependent virus entry will inhibit the rVSIV-ΔG-MarV-GP pseudotype much more efficiently than the control rVSIV-ΔG-G pseudotype. At the same time, the compounds similarly inhibiting both pseudotypes will likely affect rVSIV capsid replication or the cellular mechanisms common to the entry of both viruses. Borneol itself is not active against both pseudotypes and is nontoxic, whereas its derivatives have varying toxicity and antiviral activity. Among low-toxic borneol derivatives, six compounds turned out to be relatively specific inhibitors of MarV-GP-mediated infection (SC > 10). Of them, compound 6 containing a methylpiperidine moiety exhibited the highest virus-specific activity. Notably, the virus-specific activity of this compound is twice as high as that of the reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kononova
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia .
| | - A S Sokolova
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia .
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Lavrentjev Avenue 9 , 630090 , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - S V Cheresiz
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia .
- Novosibirsk Tuberculosis Research Institute , Ohotskaya St. 81a , 630040 , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - O I Yarovaya
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia .
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Lavrentjev Avenue 9 , 630090 , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - R A Nikitina
- Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch , Academy of Medical Sciences of Russia , Yadrintsevskaya St. 14 , 630099 , Novosibirsk , Russia
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Timakova St. 2 , 630117 , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - A A Chepurnov
- Scientific Research Institute of Clinical Immunology, Siberian Branch , Academy of Medical Sciences of Russia , Yadrintsevskaya St. 14 , 630099 , Novosibirsk , Russia
- Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Timakova St. 2 , 630117 , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - A G Pokrovsky
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia .
| | - N F Salakhutdinov
- Novosibirsk State University , Pirogova St. 2 , 630090 Novosibirsk , Russia .
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch , Russian Academy of Sciences , Lavrentjev Avenue 9 , 630090 , Novosibirsk , Russia
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24
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Lauder K, Toscani A, Scalacci N, Castagnolo D. Synthesis and Reactivity of Propargylamines in Organic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 117:14091-14200. [PMID: 29166000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Propargylamines are a versatile class of compounds which find broad application in many fields of chemistry. This review aims to describe the different strategies developed so far for the synthesis of propargylamines and their derivatives as well as to highlight their reactivity and use as building blocks in the synthesis of chemically relevant organic compounds. In the first part of the review, the different synthetic approaches to synthesize propargylamines, such as A3 couplings and C-H functionalization of alkynes, have been described and organized on the basis of the catalysts employed in the syntheses. Both racemic and enantioselective approaches have been reported. In the second part, an overview of the transformations of propargylamines into heterocyclic compounds such as pyrroles, pyridines, thiazoles, and oxazoles, as well as other relevant organic derivatives, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lauder
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Toscani
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolò Scalacci
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yin
- College of Bioengineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- College of Bioengineering; Henan University of Technology; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province; Henan University; Kaifeng Henan 475004 P.R. China
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Krishna C, Bhargavi MV, Rao YJ, Krupadanam GLD. Synthesis of pyrano isoxazoline/isoxazole annulated coumarins via intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition and their cytotoxicity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217080345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bonandi E, Christodoulou MS, Fumagalli G, Perdicchia D, Rastelli G, Passarella D. The 1,2,3-triazole ring as a bioisostere in medicinal chemistry. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1572-1581. [PMID: 28676407 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole is a well-known scaffold that has a widespread occurrence in different compounds characterized by several bioactivities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor effects. Moreover, the structural features of 1,2,3-triazole enable it to mimic different functional groups, justifying its wide use as a bioisostere for the synthesis of new active molecules. Here, we provide an overview of the 1,2,3-triazole ring as a bioisostere for the design of drug analogs, highlighting relevant recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bonandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Michael S Christodoulou
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Gaia Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Perdicchia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Zhang L, Li Q, Liu Q, Huang W, Nie J, Wang Y. A bioluminescent imaging mouse model for Marburg virus based on a pseudovirus system. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1811-1817. [PMID: 28481728 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1325050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) can cause lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Handling of MARV is restricted to high-containment biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) facilities, which greatly impedes research into this virus. In this study, a high titer of MARV pseudovirus was generated through optimization of the HIV backbone vectors, the ratio of backbone vector to MARV glycoprotein expression vector, and the transfection reagents. An in vitro neutralization assay and an in vivo bioluminescent imaging mouse model for MARV were developed based on the pseudovirus. Protective serum against MARV was successfully induced in guinea pigs, which showed high neutralization activity in vitro and could also protect Balb/c mice from MARV pseudovirus infection in vivo. This system could be a convenient tool to enable the evaluation of vaccines and therapeutic drugs against MARV in non-BSL-4 laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- a Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Qianqian Li
- a Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Qiang Liu
- a Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Weijin Huang
- a Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- a Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Youchun Wang
- a Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
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Pairas GN, Perperopoulou F, Tsoungas PG, Varvounis G. The Isoxazole Ring and ItsN-Oxide: A Privileged Core Structure in Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:408-419. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George N. Pairas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy; University of Patras; 265 04 Patras Greece
| | - Fereniki Perperopoulou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology; Agricultural University of Athens; 75 Iera Odos St. 118 55 Athens Greece
| | - Petros G. Tsoungas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Hellenic Pasteur Institute; 127 Vas. Sofias Ave. 115 21 Athens Greece
| | - George Varvounis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Ioannina; 451 10 Ioannina Greece
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Selective inhibition of Ebola entry with selective estrogen receptor modulators by disrupting the endolysosomal calcium. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41226. [PMID: 28117364 PMCID: PMC5259750 DOI: 10.1038/srep41226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ebola crisis occurred in West-Africa highlights the urgency for its clinical treatments. Currently, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutics are available. Several FDA-approved drugs, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), possess selective anti-Ebola activities. However, the inhibitory mechanisms of these drugs remain elusive. By analyzing the structures of SERMs and their incidental biological activity (cholesterol accumulation), we hypothesized that this incidental biological activity induced by SERMs could be a plausible mechanism as to their inhibitory effects on Ebola infection. Herein, we demonstrated that the same dosages of SERMs which induced cholesterol accumulation also inhibited Ebola infection. SERMs reduced the cellular sphingosine and subsequently caused endolysosomal calcium accumulation, which in turn led to blocking the Ebola entry. Our study clarified the specific anti-Ebola mechanism of SERMs, even the cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs), this mechanism led to the endolysosomal calcium as a critical target for development of anti-Ebola drugs.
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Spanò V, Pennati M, Parrino B, Carbone A, Montalbano A, Lopergolo A, Zuco V, Cominetti D, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Zaffaroni N, Barraja P. [1,2]Oxazolo[5,4- e ]isoindoles as promising tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:840-851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ananda H, Kumar KSS, Hegde M, Rangappa KS. Induction of apoptosis and downregulation of ERα in DMBA-induced mammary gland tumors in Sprague–Dawley rats by synthetic 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole derivatives. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 420:141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Babalola MO. THE STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND THREATS (SWOTs) ANALYSES OF THE EBOLA VIRUS - PAPER RETRACTED. Afr J Infect Dis 2016; 10:69-88. [PMID: 28480441 PMCID: PMC5411992 DOI: 10.21010/ajid.v10i2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Owing to the extreme virulence and case fatality rate of ebola virus disease (EVD), there had been so much furore, panic and public health emergency about the possible pandemic from the recent West African outbreak of the disease, with attendant handful research, both in the past and most recently. The magnitude of the epidemic of ebola virus disease has prompted global interest and urgency in the discovery of measures to mitigate the impact of the disease. Researchers in the academia and the industry were pressured to only focus on the development of effective and safe ebola virus vaccines, without consideration of the other aspects to this virus, which may influence the success or otherwise of a potential vaccine. The objective of this review was to adopt the SWOT concept to elucidate the biological Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats to Ebola virus as a pathogen, with a view to understanding and devising holistic strategies at combating and overcoming the scourge of EVD. Method: This systematic review and narrative synthesis utilized Medline, PubMed, Google and other databases to select about 150 publications on ebola and ebola virus disease using text word searches to generate the specific terms. Relevant publications were reviewed and compared, findings were synthesized using a narrative method and summarized qualitatively. Results: Some of the identified strengths of ebola virus include: Ebola virus is an RNA virus with inherent capability to mutate, reassort and recombine to generate mutant or reassortant virulent strains; Ebola virus has a broad cellular tropism; Natural Reservoir of ebola virus is unconfirmed but fruit bats, arthropods, and plants are hypothesized; Ebola virus primarily targets and selectively destroys the immune system; Ebola viruses possess accessory proteins that inhibits the host’ immune responses; Secreted glycoprotein (sGP), a truncated soluble protein that triggers immune activation and increased vascular permeability is uniquely associated with Ebola virus only; Ability to effectively cross the species barrier and establish productive infection in humans, non human primates, and other mammals; Ebola virus attacks every part of the human body; The Weaknesses include: Ebola virus transmission and persistence is severely limited by its virulence; Ebola virus essentially requires host encoded protein Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1) for host’s cell’ entry; Ebola virus essentially requires host encoded proteins (TIM-1) for cell’ entry; Relative abundance of Ebolavirus Nucleoprotein than the other virion components; The Opportunities harnessed by ebola virus include: Lack of infection control practices in African health-care facilities and paucity of health infrastructures, especially in the endemic zones; Permissiveness of circulating Monocytes, Macrophages and dendritic cells in virus mobilization and dissemination; Collection, consumption and trade of wild games (bushmeats); Pertubation and drastic changes in forest ecosystems present opportunities for Ebola virus; Use of dogs in hunting predisposes man and animals to inter-species contact; Poverty, malnutrition, crowding, social disorder, mobility and political instability; Ease of travel and aviation as potentials for global spread; Possible mechanical transmission by arthropod vectors; No vaccines or therapeutics are yet approved for human treatment; The Threats to ebola virus include: Avoidance of direct contact with infected blood and other bodily fluids of infected patient; Appropriate and correct burial practices; Adoption of barrier Nursing; Improved surveillance to prevent potential spread of epidemic; Making Available Rapid laboratory equipment and procedures for prompt detection (ELISA, Western Blot, PCR); Sterilization or disinfection of equipment and safe disposal of instrument; Prompt hospitalization, isolation and quarantine of infected individual; Active contact tracing and monitoring, among others. Conclusion: The identified capacities and gaps presented in this study are inexhaustive framework to combat the ebola virus. To undermine and overcome the virus, focus should be aimed at strategically decreasing the identified strengths and opportunities, while increasing on the weaknesses of, and threats to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Oluyemi Babalola
- Epidemiology, Molecular Virology, and Special Pathogens Research, Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, P.M.B. 001, Akungba Akoko, Ondo state, Nigeria
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Antanasijevic A, Kingsley C, Basu A, Bowlin TL, Rong L, Caffrey M. Application of virus-like particles (VLP) to NMR characterization of viral membrane protein interactions. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2016; 64:255-65. [PMID: 26921030 PMCID: PMC4826305 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-016-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The membrane proteins of viruses play critical roles in the virus life cycle and are attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Virus-like particles (VLP) present the possibility to study the biochemical and biophysical properties of viral membrane proteins in their native environment. Specifically, the VLP constructs contain the entire protein sequence and are comprised of native membrane components including lipids, cholesterol, carbohydrates and cellular proteins. In this study we prepare VLP containing full-length hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) from influenza and characterize their interactions with small molecule inhibitors. Using HA-VLP, we first show that VLP samples prepared using the standard sucrose gradient purification scheme contain significant amounts of serum proteins, which exhibit high potential for non-specific interactions, thereby complicating NMR studies of ligand-target interactions. We then show that the serum contaminants may be largely removed with the addition of a gel filtration chromatography step. Next, using HA-VLP we demonstrate that WaterLOGSY NMR is significantly more sensitive than Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR for the study of ligand interactions with membrane bound targets. In addition, we compare the ligand orientation to HA embedded in VLP with that of recombinant HA by STD NMR. In a subsequent step, using NA-VLP we characterize the kinetic and binding properties of substrate analogs and inhibitors of NA, including study of the H274Y-NA mutant, which leads to wide spread resistance to current influenza antivirals. In summary, our work suggests that VLP have high potential to become standard tools in biochemical and biophysical studies of viral membrane proteins, particularly when VLP are highly purified and combined with control VLP containing native membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Carolyn Kingsley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Arnab Basu
- Microbiotix Inc., Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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Pedada SR, Yarla NS, Tambade PJ, Dhananjaya BL, Bishayee A, Arunasree KM, Philip GH, Dharmapuri G, Aliev G, Putta S, Rangaiah G. Synthesis of new secretory phospholipase A2-inhibitory indole containing isoxazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:289-297. [PMID: 26907155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is an important enzyme that plays a key role in various inflammatory diseases including cancer and its inhibitors have been developed as preventive or therapeutic agents. In the present study, a series of new indole containing isoxazole derivatives (10a-10o) is synthesized and evaluated for their sPLA2 inhibitory activities. All compounds (10a-10o) showed significant sPLA2 inhibition activities both in vitro and in vivo studies which is substantiated in in silico studies. Among all the tested compounds, 10o showed potent sPLA2 inhibition activity, that is comparable or more to ursolic acid (positive control). Further studies demonstrated that 10o showed in vitro antiproliferative activity when tested against MCF-7 breast and DU145 prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, compounds 10a-10o obeyed lipinsky's rule of 5 and suggesting druggable properties. The in vitro, in vivo and in silico results are encouraging and warrant pre-clinical studies to develop sPLA2-inhibitory compound 10o as novel therapeutic agent for various inflammatory disorders and several malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Rao Pedada
- Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Thanjavur 613 403, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nagendra Sastry Yarla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pawan J Tambade
- Department of Chemistry, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nandgaon 423 196, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya
- Toxinology/Toxicology and Drug Discovery Unit, Center for Emerging Technologies, Jain Global Campus, Jain University, Ramanagara 562 112, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL 33169, USA
| | - Kalle M Arunasree
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Gundala Harold Philip
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gangappa Dharmapuri
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapuramu 515 003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gjumrach Aliev
- "GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; School of Health Sciences and Healthcare Administration, University of Atlanta, E. Johns Crossing, #175, Johns Creek, GA 30097, USA; Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Swathi Putta
- Pharmacology Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gururaja Rangaiah
- Department of Biochemistry, Sarada Vilas College, Mysore 570004, Karnataka, India.
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Gaddameedi JD, Yedla P, Kuchukulla RR, Chavva K, Pillalamarri SR, Gautham SK, Chityal GK, Banda N. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of NovelN-trisazole/isoxazole Alkyl Functionalized Quinolin-2(1H)-one Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Dev Gaddameedi
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Poornachandra Yedla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Ratnakar Reddy Kuchukulla
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Kurumurthy Chavva
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | | | - Santhosh Kumar Gautham
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Chityal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Narsaiah Banda
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500007 India
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Vaarla K, Rao VR, Akkurt M. Crystal structure of 3-benzyl-sulfanyl-6-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thia-diazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o809-10. [PMID: 26594538 PMCID: PMC4645033 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015017351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C14H11N5OS2, the triazolo-thia-diazole system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 Å) and makes dihedral angles of 6.33 (12) and 42.95 (14)° with the planes of the oxazole and phenyl rings, respectively. In the crystal, face-to-face π-π inter-actions are observed between the thia-diazole and oxazole rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.4707 (18) Å], leading to columns along [010].
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnaiah Vaarla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - V. Rajeswar Rao
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana 506004, India
| | - Mehmet Akkurt
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey
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Janeba Z. Development of Small-Molecule Antivirals for Ebola. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1175-94. [PMID: 26172225 PMCID: PMC7168439 DOI: 10.1002/med.21355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is a deadly disease caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus species. Although a significant progress has recently been made in understanding of Ebola virus biology and pathogenesis, development of effective anti-Ebola treatments has not been very productive, compared to other areas of antiviral research (e.g., HIV and HCV infections). No approved vaccine or medicine is available for Ebola but several are currently under development. This review summarises attempts in identification, evaluation, and development of small-molecule candidates for treatment of Ebola viral disease, including the most promising experimental drugs brincidofovir (CMX001), BCX4430, and favipiravir (T-705).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Flemingovo nám. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Synthesis of Bicyclic Isoxazoles and Isoxazolines via Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition. Molecules 2015; 20:10910-27. [PMID: 26076111 PMCID: PMC6272556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and straight forward procedure for the syntheses of bicyclic isoxazole/isoxazoline derivatives from the corresponding dimethyl-2-(2-nitro-1-aryl/alkyl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1yl)malonates or dimethyl 2-allyl-2-(2-nitro-1-aryl/alkyl ethyl)malonate is described. High yields and simple operations are important features of this methodology.
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Galenko AV, Khlebnikov AF, Novikov MS, Pakalnis VV, Rostovskii NV. Recent advances in isoxazole chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhang Y, Wei B, Lin H, Cui W, Zeng X, Fan X. Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Vinylogous Michael Reactions of 3,5-Dialkyl-Substituted 4-Nitroisoxazoles: A Direct Method for the Synthesis of Chiral Isoxazole Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201400833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Veljkovic V, Loiseau PM, Figadere B, Glisic S, Veljkovic N, Perovic VR, Cavanaugh DP, Branch DR. Virtual screen for repurposing approved and experimental drugs for candidate inhibitors of EBOLA virus infection. F1000Res 2015; 4:34. [PMID: 25717373 PMCID: PMC4329668 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing Ebola virus epidemic has presented numerous challenges with respect to control and treatment because there are no approved drugs or vaccines for the Ebola virus disease (EVD). Herein is proposed simple theoretical criterion for fast virtual screening of molecular libraries for candidate inhibitors of Ebola virus infection. We performed a repurposing screen of 6438 drugs from DrugBank using this criterion and selected 267 approved and 382 experimental drugs as candidates for treatment of EVD including 15 anti-malarial drugs and 32 antibiotics. An open source Web server allowing screening of molecular libraries for candidate drugs for treatment of EVD was also established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Veljkovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy Université Paris-Sud, Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F 92290- Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Bruno Figadere
- Antiparasitic Chemotherapy, UMR 8076 CNRS BioCIS, Faculty of Pharmacy Université Paris-Sud, Rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, F 92290- Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sanja Glisic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Veljkovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir R Perovic
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Institute of Nuclear Sciences VINCA, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Donald R Branch
- Canadian Blood Services, Center for Innovation, 67 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada
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43
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Small molecule inhibitors of ebola virus infection. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:277-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
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The
Ebolaviruses are members of the family Filoviridae (“filoviruses”) and cause severe hemhorragic fever
with human case fatality rates as high as 90%. Infection requires
attachment of the viral particle to cells and triggering of membrane
fusion between the host and viral membranes, a process that occurs
in the host endosome and is facilitated by the envelope glycoprotein
(GP). One potential strategy for therapeutic intervention is the development
of agents (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) that can interfere
with viral entry aspects such as attachment, uptake, priming, or membrane
fusion. This paper highlights recent developments in the discovery
and evaluation of therapeutic entry inhibitors and identifies opportunities
moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Julia C. Frei
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department
of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, United States
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45
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Ratnakar Reddy K, Sambasiva Rao P, Jitender Dev G, Poornachandra Y, Ganesh Kumar C, Shanthan Rao P, Narsaiah B. Synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole/isoxazole functionalized 2H-Chromene derivatives and their cytotoxic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1661-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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Raghava B, Parameshwarappa G, Acharya A, Swaroop TR, Rangappa KS, Ila H. Cyclocondensation of Hydroxylamine with 1,3-Bis(het)arylmonothio 1,3-Diketones and 1,3-Bis(het)aryl-3-(methylthio)-2-propenones: Synthesis of 3,5-Bis(het)arylisoxazoles with Complementary Regioselectivity. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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47
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Kankala S, Kankala RK, Kommidi DR, Mudithanapelli C, Balaboina R, Vadde R, Jonnalagadda SB, Vasam CS. Synthesis and anti-cancer evaluation of steroidal diglycoside–pyrazoline hybrids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of pyrazoline-steroidal diglycoside hybrids were synthesized via catalyzed cyclocondensation of the corresponding chalcones, screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity and the SAR deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal, India
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong-Hwa University
- Hualien 974, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Ravinder Vadde
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal, India
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48
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Koufaki M, Fotopoulou T, Heropoulos GA. Synergistic effect of dual-frequency ultrasound irradiation in the one-pot synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:35-39. [PMID: 23769747 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein is reported a one-pot three-step process for the regioselective synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles based on copper(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction between in situ generated nitrile oxides (from the corresponding aldehydes) and alkynes, using ultrasound irradiation, avoiding toxic reagents and solvents and isolation/purification of intermediates. The combined use of 40 kHz ultrasonic bath and 20 kHz probe in the presence of copper turnings reduced reaction time to 1h and resulted in only one final purification step with increased yields, clearly indicating that there is a dual-frequency synergistic effect. In addition, under metal free conditions, the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was regioselective giving low to modest yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koufaki
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece.
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49
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Madabhushi S, Godala KR, Jillella R, Mallu KKR, Chinthala N. A new multicomponent approach to highly functionalized 2,3-dihydroisoxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Antanasijevic A, Cheng H, Wardrop DJ, Rong L, Caffrey M. Inhibition of influenza H7 hemagglutinin-mediated entry. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76363. [PMID: 24194835 PMCID: PMC3806803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent outbreak of H7N9 influenza in China is of high concern to public health. H7 hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role in influenza entry and thus HA presents an attractive target for antivirals. Previous studies have suggested that the small molecule tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) inhibits the entry of influenza H3 HA by binding to the stem loop of HA and stabilizing the neutral pH conformation of HA, thereby disrupting the membrane fusion step. Based on amino acid sequence, structure and immunogenicity, H7 is a related Group 2 HA. In this work we show, using a pseudovirus entry assay, that TBHQ inhibits H7 HA-mediated entry, as well as H3 HA-mediated entry, with an IC50 ~ 6 µM. Using NMR, we show that TBHQ binds to the H7 stem loop region. STD NMR experiments indicate that the aromatic ring of TBHQ makes extensive contact with the H7 HA surface. Limited proteolysis experiments indicate that TBHQ inhibits influenza entry by stabilizing the H7 HA neutral pH conformation. Together, this work suggests that the stem loop region of H7 HA is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention and that TBHQ, which is a widely used food preservative, is a promising lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Antanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Duncan J. Wardrop
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael Caffrey
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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