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Patrón LA, Yeoman H, Wilson S, Tang N, Berens ME, Gokhale V, Suzuki TC. Novel Brain-Penetrant, Small-Molecule Tubulin Destabilizers for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:406. [PMID: 38398008 PMCID: PMC10887108 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most lethal brain cancer in adults, with a 5-year survival rate of 5%. The standard of care for GB includes maximally safe surgical resection, radiation, and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy, but tumor recurrence is inevitable in most GB patients. Here, we describe the development of a blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrant tubulin destabilizer, RGN3067, for the treatment of GB. RGN3067 shows good oral bioavailability and achieves high concentrations in rodent brains after oral dosing (Cmax of 7807 ng/mL (20 μM), Tmax at 2 h). RGN3067 binds the colchicine binding site of tubulin and inhibits tubulin polymerization. The compound also suppresses the proliferation of the GB cell lines U87 and LN-18, with IC50s of 117 and 560 nM, respectively. In four patient-derived GB cell lines, the IC50 values for RGN3067 range from 148 to 616 nM. Finally, in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model, RGN3067 reduces the rate of tumor growth compared to the control. Collectively, we show that RGN3067 is a BBB-penetrant small molecule that shows in vitro and in vivo efficacy and that its design addresses many of the physicochemical properties that prevent the use of microtubule destabilizers as treatments for GB and other brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nanyun Tang
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Michael E Berens
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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2
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Sedenkova KN, Leschukov DN, Grishin YK, Zefirov NA, Gracheva YA, Skvortsov DA, Hrytseniuk YS, Vasilyeva LA, Spirkova EA, Shevtsov PN, Shevtsova EF, Lukmanova AR, Spiridonov VV, Markova AA, Nguyen MT, Shtil AA, Zefirova ON, Yaroslavov AA, Milaeva ER, Averina EB. Verubulin (Azixa) Analogues with Increased Saturation: Synthesis, SAR and Encapsulation in Biocompatible Nanocontainers Based on Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ Cross-Linked Alginate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1499. [PMID: 37895970 PMCID: PMC10610134 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulin-targeting agents attract undiminished attention as promising compounds for the design of anti-cancer drugs. Verubulin is a potent tubulin polymerization inhibitor, binding to colchicine-binding sites. In the present work, a series of verubulin analogues containing a cyclohexane or cycloheptane ring 1,2-annulated with pyrimidine moiety and various substituents in positions 2 and 4 of pyrimidine were obtained and their cytotoxicity towards cancer and non-cancerous cell lines was estimated. The investigated compounds revealed activity against various cancer cell lines with IC50 down to 1-4 nM. According to fluorescent microscopy data, compounds that showed cytotoxicity in the MTT test disrupt the normal cytoskeleton of the cell in a pattern similar to that for combretastatin A-4. The hit compound (N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinazolin-4-amine) was encapsulated in biocompatible nanocontainers based on Ca2+ or Mg2+ cross-linked alginate and it was demonstrated that its cytotoxic activity was preserved after encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya N Sedenkova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis N Leschukov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri K Grishin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Zefirov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Gracheva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Skvortsov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Lilja A Vasilyeva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena A Spirkova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Pavel N Shevtsov
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Elena F Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IPAC RAS), 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alina R Lukmanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily V Spiridonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina A Markova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Minh T Nguyen
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Shtil
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga N Zefirova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elena R Milaeva
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena B Averina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Kaur N, Yadav N, Verma Y. Acetamidine in heterocycle synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2191204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Navjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry & Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neerja Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yamini Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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4
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Choudhary S, Kaku K, Robles AJ, Hamel E, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. Simple monocyclic pyrimidine analogs as microtubule targeting agents binding to the colchicine site. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 82:117217. [PMID: 36889150 PMCID: PMC10084637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex natural products that bind to tubulin/microtubules come under the broad category of microtubule binding agents. The design of simplified analogs of previously reported bicyclic, microtubule depolymerizer, pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, provided valuable structure-activity relationship data and led to the identification of novel monocyclic pyrimidine analogs of which 12 was 47-fold more potent (EC50 123 nM) for cellular microtubule depolymerization activity and 7.5-fold more potent (IC50 24.4 nM) at inhibiting the growth of MDA-MB-435 cancer cells, suggesting significantly better binding of the target within the colchicine site of tubulin compared to lead compound 1. This compound and others of this series of monocyclic pyrimidine analogs were able to overcome multidrug resistance due to the expression of the βIII-isotype of tubulin and P-glycoprotein. In vivo evaluation of the most potent analog 12 in an MDA-MB-435 xenograft mouse model indicated, along with paclitaxel, that both compounds showed a trend towards lower tumor volume however neither compound showed significant antitumor activity in the trial. To our knowledge these are the first examples of simple substituted monocyclic pyrimidines as colchicine site binding antitubulin compounds with potent antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh PA 15282, United States
| | - Krishna Kaku
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh PA 15282, United States
| | - Andrew J Robles
- Department of Pharmacology and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology and the Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh PA 15282, United States.
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Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:375-392. [PMID: 35829870 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04513-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Variability characterizes the complexity of biological systems and is essential for their function. Microtubules (MTs) play a role in structural integrity, cell motility, material transport, and force generation during mitosis, and dynamic instability exemplifies the variability in the proper function of MTs. MTs are a platform for energy transfer in cells. The dynamic instability of MTs manifests itself by the coexistence of growth and shortening, or polymerization and depolymerization. It results from a balance between attractive and repulsive forces between tubulin dimers. The paper reviews the current data on MTs and their potential roles as energy-transfer cellular structures and presents how variability can improve the function of biological systems in an individualized manner. The paper presents the option for targeting MTs to trigger dynamic improvement in cell plasticity, regulate energy transfer, and possibly control quantum effects in biological systems. The described system quantifies MT-dependent variability patterns combined with additional personalized signatures to improve organ function in a subject-tailored manner. The platform can regulate the use of MT-targeting drugs to improve the response to chronic therapies. Ongoing trials test the effects of this platform on various disorders.
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Leng J, Zhao Y, Sheng P, Xia Y, Chen T, Zhao S, Xie S, Yan X, Wang X, Yin Y, Kong L. Discovery of Novel N-Heterocyclic-Fused Deoxypodophyllotoxin Analogues as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine-Binding Site for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16774-16800. [PMID: 36471625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of anticancer agents and play critical roles in anticancer drug development. Inspired by the complexity-to-diversity strategy, novel deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) analogues were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound C3 exhibited the potent antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Additionally, it showed marked activity against paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 cells and A549 cells. Moreover, compound C3 can inhibit tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Further study revealed that compound C3 could arrest cancer cells in the G2/M phase and disrupt the angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Meanwhile, C3 remarkably inhibited cancer cell motility and migration, as well as considerably inhibited tumor growth in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TxR xenograft model without obvious toxicity. Collectively, these results indicated that compound C3 may be a promising tubulin polymerization inhibitor development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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7
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Chen L, Zhang B, Li YH, Huo XS, You WW, Zhao PL. Concise synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of new triazolylthioacetone derivatives bearing pyridine, pyrazine, and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl fragment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 66:128721. [PMID: 35398303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Based on our previous work, a series of novel triazolylthioacetones incorporating pyridine, pyrazine, and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl fragment were synthesized, and evaluated for antiproliferative activities and interactions with tubulin. Some analogues exhibited moderate to excellent potency, with the most promising compound IIc possessing IC50 values of 0.62, 1.46, and 3.65 μM against HT-29, HCT116, and HepG2 tumor cells, respectively, which were comparable with the positive control CA-4. Mechanistical studies revealed that IIc concentration-dependently caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in HCT116 tumor cells, and displayed a significant inhibition of tubulin polymerization with an IC50 value of 12.7 μM. Moreover, molecular docking analysis suggested that IIc could occupy the colchicine-binding site in a similar way with typical tubulinpolymerizationinhibitors. These results highlighted the 4-amino-triazolylthioacetone scaffold as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors for development of highly efficient anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xian-Sen Huo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wen-Wei You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Pei-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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8
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Rezaei Z, Asadi M, Montazer MN, Rezaeiamiri E, Bahadorikhalili S, Amini M, Amanlou M. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Biological Evaluation of 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline Derivatives as a Tubulin's Colchicine Binding Site Inhibitor Based on Primary Virtual Screening. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:2011-2025. [PMID: 34702157 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211026102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Tubulin inhibitors have proved to be a promising treatment against cancer. Tubulin inhibitors target different areas in microtubule structure to exert their effects. The colchicine binding site (CBS) is one of them for which there is no FDA-approved drug yet. This makes CBS a desirable target for drug design. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary virtual screening is done by developing a possible pharmacophore model of colchicine binding site inhibitors of tubulins, and 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline is chosen as a lead compound to synthesis. In this study, 28 derivatives of 2,3-diphenylquinoxalines are synthesized, and their cytotoxicity is evaluated by the MTT assay in different human cancer cell lines, including AGS (Adenocarcinoma gastric cell line), HT-29 (Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), NIH3T3 (Fibroblast cell line), and MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cell). RESULTS Furthermore, the activity of the studied compounds was investigated using computational methods involving molecular docking of the 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline derivatives to β-tubulin. The results showed that the compounds with electron donor functionalities in positions 2 and 3 and electron-withdrawing groups in position 6 are the most active tubulin inhibitors. CONCLUSION Apart from the high activity of the synthesized compounds, the advantage of this report is the ease of the synthesis, work-up, and isolation of the products in safe, effective, and high-quality isolated yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mehdi Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Mohammad Nazari Montazer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Elnaz Rezaeiamiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran. Iran
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9
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Banerjee S, Mahmud F, Deng S, Ma L, Yun MK, Fakayode SO, Arnst KE, Yang L, Chen H, Wu Z, Lukka PB, Parmar K, Meibohm B, White SW, Wang Y, Li W, Miller DD. X-ray Crystallography-Guided Design, Antitumor Efficacy, and QSAR Analysis of Metabolically Stable Cyclopenta-Pyrimidinyl Dihydroquinoxalinone as a Potent Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:13072-13095. [PMID: 34406768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules that interact with the colchicine binding site in tubulin have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in treating cancers. We report the design, syntheses, and antitumor efficacies of new analogues of pyridopyrimidine and hydroquinoxalinone compounds with improved drug-like characteristics. Eight analogues, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m, 5n, 5r, 5t, and 5u, showed significant improvement in metabolic stability and demonstrated strong antiproliferative potency in a panel of human cancer cell lines, including melanoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer. We report crystal structures of tubulin in complex with five representative compounds, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m, and 5t, providing direct confirmation for their binding to the colchicine site in tubulin. A quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of the synthesized analogues showed strong ability to predict potency. In vivo, 5m (4 mg/kg) and 5t (5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth as well as melanoma spontaneous metastasis into the lung and liver against a highly paclitaxel-resistant A375/TxR xenograft model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States.,Department of Physical Sciences, College of STEM, University of Arkansas Fort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72913, United States
| | - Foyez Mahmud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lingling Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mi-Kyung Yun
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Sayo O Fakayode
- Department of Physical Sciences, College of STEM, University of Arkansas Fort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72913, United States
| | - Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Zhongzhi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Pradeep B Lukka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Keyur Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Bernd Meibohm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Stephen W White
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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10
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Szumilak M, Wiktorowska-Owczarek A, Stanczak A. Hybrid Drugs-A Strategy for Overcoming Anticancer Drug Resistance? Molecules 2021; 26:2601. [PMID: 33946916 PMCID: PMC8124695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous progress in the treatment of many malignancies, the development of cancer resistance is still an important reason for cancer chemotherapy failure. Increasing knowledge of cancers' molecular complexity and mechanisms of their resistance to anticancer drugs, as well as extensive clinical experience, indicate that an effective fight against cancer requires a multidimensional approach. Multi-target chemotherapy may be achieved using drugs combination, co-delivery of medicines, or designing hybrid drugs. Hybrid drugs simultaneously targeting many points of signaling networks and various structures within a cancer cell have been extensively explored in recent years. The single hybrid agent can modulate multiple targets involved in cancer cell proliferation, possesses a simpler pharmacokinetic profile to reduce the possibility of drug interactions occurrence, and facilitates the process of drug development. Moreover, a single medication is expected to enhance patient compliance due to a less complicated treatment regimen, as well as a diminished number of adverse reactions and toxicity in comparison to a combination of drugs. As a consequence, many efforts have been made to design hybrid molecules of different chemical structures and functions as a means to circumvent drug resistance. The enormous number of studies in this field encouraged us to review the available literature and present selected research results highlighting the possible role of hybrid drugs in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szumilak
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Stanczak
- Department of Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
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11
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Wang B, Wang LR, Liu LL, Wang W, Man RJ, Zheng DJ, Deng YS, Yang YS, Xu C, Zhu HL. A novel series of benzothiazepine derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors with anti-tumor potency. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104585. [PMID: 33508676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of diaryl benzo[b][1,4]thiazepine derivatives D1-D36 were synthesized and screened as tubulin polymerization inhibitors with anti-tumor potency. They were designed by introducing the seven-member ring benzothiazepine as the linker for CA-4 modification for the first time. Among them, the hit compound D8 showed potential on inhibiting the growth of several cancer cell lines (IC50 values: 1.48 μM for HeLa, 1.47 μM for MCF-7, 1.52 μM for HT29 and 1.94 μM for A549), being comparable with the positive controls Colchicine and CA-4P. The calculated IC50 value of D8 as an tubulin polymerization inhibitor was 1.20 μM. The results of the flow cytometry assay revealed that D8 could induce the mitotic catastrophe and the death of living cancer cells. D8 also indicated the anti-vascular activity. The possible binding pattern was implied by docking simulation, inferring the possibility of introducing interactions with the nearby tubulin chain. Since the novel structural trial has been conducted with preliminary discussion, this work might stimulate new ideas in further modification of tubulin-related anti-cancer agents and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Ren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruo-Jun Man
- Guangxi Biological Polysaccharide Separation, Purification and Modification Research Platform, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Da-Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Shan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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12
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Xiang W, Quadery TM, Hamel E, Luckett-Chastain LR, Ihnat MA, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. The 3-D conformational shape of N-naphthyl-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidines affects their potency as microtubule targeting agents and their antitumor activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 29:115887. [PMID: 33310545 PMCID: PMC7875120 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of methoxy naphthyl substituted cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine compounds, 4-10, were designed and synthesized to study the influence of the 3-D conformation on microtubule depolymerizing and antiproliferative activities. NOESY studies with the N,2-dimethyl-N-(6'-methoxynaphthyl-1'-amino)-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-amine (4) showed hindered rotation of the naphthyl ring around the cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine scaffold. In contrast, NOESY studies with N,2-dimethyl-N-(5'-methoxynaphthyl-2'-amino)-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-amine (5) showed free rotation of the naphthyl ring around the cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine scaffold. The rotational flexibility and conformational dissimilarity between 4 and 5 led to a significant difference in biological activities. Compound 4 is inactive while 5 is the most potent in this series with potent microtubule depolymerizing effects and low nanomolar IC50 values in vitro against a variety of cancer cell lines. The ability of 5 to inhibit tumor growth in vivo was investigated in a U251 glioma xenograft model. The results show that 5 had better antitumor effects than the positive control temozolomide and have identified 5 as a potential preclinical candidate for further studies. The influence of conformation on the microtubule depolymerizing and antitumor activity forms the basis for the development of conformation-activity relationships for the cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine class of microtubule targeting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Tasdique M Quadery
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Lerin R Luckett-Chastain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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13
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Arnst KE, Wang Y, Lei ZN, Hwang DJ, Kumar G, Ma D, Parke DN, Chen Q, Yang J, White SW, Seagroves TN, Chen ZS, Miller DD, Li W. Colchicine Binding Site Agent DJ95 Overcomes Drug Resistance and Exhibits Antitumor Efficacy. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:73-89. [PMID: 31043459 PMCID: PMC6553560 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfering with microtubule dynamics is a well-established strategy in cancer treatment; however, many microtubule-targeting agents are associated with drug resistance and adverse effects. Substantial evidence points to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters as critical players in the development of resistance. Herein, we demonstrate the efficacy of DJ95 (2-(1H-indol-6-yl)-4-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine), a novel tubulin inhibitor, in a variety of cancer cell lines, including malignant melanomas, drug-selected resistant cell lines, specific ABC transporter-overexpressing cell lines, and the National Cancer Institute 60 cell line panel. DJ95 treatment inhibited cancer cell migration, caused morphologic changes to the microtubule network foundation, and severely disrupted mitotic spindle formation of mitotic cells. The high-resolution crystal structure of DJ95 in complex with tubulin protein and the detailed molecular interactions confirmed its direct binding to the colchicine site. In vitro pharmacological screening of DJ95 using SafetyScreen44 (Eurofins Cerep-Panlabs) revealed no significant off-target interactions, and pharmacokinetic analysis showed that DJ95 was maintained at therapeutically relevant plasma concentrations for up to 24 hours in mice. In an A375 xenograft model in nude mice, DJ95 inhibited tumor growth and disrupted tumor vasculature in xenograft tumors. These results demonstrate that DJ95 is potent against a variety of cell lines, demonstrated greater potency to ABC transporter-overexpressing cell lines than existing tubulin inhibitors, directly targets the colchicine binding domain, exhibits significant antitumor efficacy, and demonstrates vascular-disrupting properties. Collectively, these data suggest that DJ95 has great potential as a cancer therapeutic, particularly for multidrug resistance phenotypes, and warrants further development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Paclitaxel is a widely used tubulin inhibitor for cancer therapy, but its clinical efficacy is often limited by the development of multidrug resistance. In this study, we reported the preclinical characterization of a new tubulin inhibitor DJ95, and demonstrated its abilities to overcome paclitaxel resistance, disrupt tumor vasculature, and exhibit significant antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Dong-Jin Hwang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Gyanendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Dejian Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Deanna N Parke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Jinliang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Stephen W White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Tiffany N Seagroves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (K.E.A., D.-J.H., D.M., D.D.M., W.L.), and Department of Pathology (D.N.P., T.N.S.), the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy (Y.W., Q.C., J.Y.), and Department of Respiratory Medicine (Y.W.), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York (Z.-N.L., Z.-S.C.); and Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (G.K., S.W.W.)
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14
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Zhou J, Jiang X, He S, Jiang H, Feng F, Liu W, Qu W, Sun H. Rational Design of Multitarget-Directed Ligands: Strategies and Emerging Paradigms. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8881-8914. [PMID: 31082225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complexity of multifactorial diseases, single-target drugs do not always exhibit satisfactory efficacy. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that simultaneous modulation of multiple targets may improve both therapeutic safety and efficacy, compared with single-target drugs. However, few multitarget drugs are on market or in clinical trials, despite the best efforts of medicinal chemists. This article discusses the systematic establishment of target combination, lead generation, and optimization of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs). Moreover, we analyze some MTDLs research cases for several complex diseases in recent years and the physicochemical properties of 117 clinical multitarget drugs, with the aim to reveal the trends and insights of the potential use of MTDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyang Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College , Huaian 223003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , 211198 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 211198 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Niu H, Strecker TE, Gerberich JL, Campbell JW, Saha D, Mondal D, Hamel E, Chaplin DJ, Mason RP, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. Structure Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Benzosuberene Analogues as Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization. J Med Chem 2019; 62:5594-5615. [PMID: 31059248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A promising design paradigm for small-molecule inhibitors of tubulin polymerization that bind to the colchicine site draws structural inspiration from the natural products colchicine and combretastatin A-4 (CA4). Our previous studies with benzocycloalkenyl and heteroaromatic ring systems yielded promising inhibitors with dihydronaphthalene and benzosuberene analogues featuring phenolic (KGP03 and KGP18) and aniline (KGP05 and KGP156) congeners emerging as lead agents. These molecules demonstrated dual mechanism of action, functioning both as potent vascular disrupting agents (VDAs) and as highly cytotoxic anticancer agents. A further series of analogues was designed to extend functional group diversity and investigate regioisomeric tolerance. Ten new molecules were effective inhibitors of tubulin polymerization (IC50 < 5 μM) with seven of these exhibiting highly potent activity comparable to CA4, KGP18, and KGP03. For one of the most effective agents, dose-dependent vascular shutdown was demonstrated using dynamic bioluminescence imaging in a human prostate tumor xenograft growing in a rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichan Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Tracy E Strecker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Jeni L Gerberich
- Department of Radiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9058 , United States
| | - James W Campbell
- Department of Radiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9058 , United States
| | - Debabrata Saha
- Department of Radiology Oncology, Division of Molecular Radiation Biology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 2201 Inwood Road , Dallas , Texas 75390-9187 , United States
| | - Deboprosad Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis , National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Frederick , Maryland 21702 , United States
| | - David J Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States.,Mateon Therapeutics, Inc. , 701 Gateway Boulevard, Suite 210 , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ralph P Mason
- Department of Radiology , The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard , Dallas , Texas 75390-9058 , United States
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
| | - Kevin G Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , One Bear Place, No. 97348 , Waco , Texas 76798-7348 , United States
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16
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Qi J, Huang J, Zhou X, Luo W, Xie J, Niu L, Yan Z, Luo Y, Men Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wang J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoxaline derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors that elevate intracellular
ROS
and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:617-627. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Xiaomin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jiaxin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Linqiang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Zhijie Yan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yuhui Men
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Institute of Behavior and PsychologyHenan University Jimming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Yahong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno‐Engineering of Henan ProvinceHenan University Jinming Campus Kaifeng Henan China
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17
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Pavana RK, Shah K, Gentile T, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Risinger AL, Mooberry SL, Hamel E, Gangjee A. Sterically induced conformational restriction: Discovery and preclinical evaluation of novel pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidines as microtubule targeting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5470-5478. [PMID: 30297118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery, synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of nine N5-substituted-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines are reported. Novel compounds with microtubule depolymerizing activity were identified. Some of these compounds also circumvent clinically relevant drug resistance mechanisms (expression of P-glycoprotein and βIII tubulin). Compounds 4, 5, and 8-13 were one to two-digit nanomolar (IC50) inhibitors of cancer cells in culture. Contrary to recent reports (Banerjee et al. J. Med. Chem.2018, 61, 1704-1718), the conformation of the most active compounds determined by 1H NMR and molecular modeling are similar to that reported previously and in keeping with recently reported X-ray crystal structures. Compound 11, freely water soluble as the HCl salt, afforded statistically significant inhibition of tumor growth in three xenograft models [MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231 and NCI/ADR-RES] compared with controls. Compound 11 did not display indications of animal toxicity and is currently slated for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheeth Kumar Pavana
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Khushbu Shah
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Taylor Gentile
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Nicholas F Dybdal-Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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18
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Mills KA, Roach ST, Quinn JM, Guo L, Beck HM, Lomonosova E, Ilivicky AR, Starks CM, Lawrence JA, Hagemann AR, McCourt C, Thaker PH, Powell MA, Mutch DG, Fuh KC. SQ1274, a novel microtubule inhibitor, inhibits ovarian and uterine cancer cell growth. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 151:337-344. [PMID: 30190114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paclitaxel, a microtubule inhibitor, is subject to tumor resistance while treating high-grade serous ovarian and uterine cancer. This study aims to directly compare the effects of SQ1274, a novel microtubule inhibitor that binds to the colchicine-binding site on tubulin, and paclitaxel in high-grade serous ovarian and uterine cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We assessed the sensitivity of ovarian (OVCAR8) and uterine (ARK1) cancer cell lines to SQ1274 and paclitaxel using XTT assays. We used western blot and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze changes in AXL RNA and protein expression by SQ1274 and paclitaxel. Differences in cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis were investigated using flow cytometry. Finally, we treated ovarian and uterine xenograft models with vehicle, paclitaxel, or SQ1274. RESULTS First, we demonstrate that SQ1274 has a much lower IC50 than paclitaxel in both ARK1 (1.26 nM vs. 15.34 nM, respectively) and OVCAR8 (1.34 nM vs. 10.29 nM, respectively) cancer cell lines. Second, we show SQ1274 decreases both RNA and protein expression of AXL. Third, we show that SQ1274 causes increased cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis compared to paclitaxel. Finally, we report that SQ1274 more effectively inhibits tumor growth in vivo compared to paclitaxel. CONCLUSIONS SQ1274 presents as a viable alternative to paclitaxel for treating ovarian and uterine cancer. This study supports the development of SQ1274 as a chemotherapeutic to treat ovarian and uterine cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Mills
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - S Tanner Roach
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Jeanne M Quinn
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Lei Guo
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Hollie M Beck
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Elena Lomonosova
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Anna R Ilivicky
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Courtney M Starks
- Sequoia Sciences, 1912 Innerbelt Business Center Drive, St. Louis, MO 63114, United States of America
| | - Julie A Lawrence
- Sequoia Sciences, 1912 Innerbelt Business Center Drive, St. Louis, MO 63114, United States of America
| | - Andrea R Hagemann
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Carolyn McCourt
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Premal H Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - David G Mutch
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Katherine C Fuh
- Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
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19
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Kumar B, Sharma P, Gupta VP, Khullar M, Singh S, Dogra N, Kumar V. Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrimidine bridged combretastatin derivatives as potential anticancer agents and mechanistic studies. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:130-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Xu S, An B, Li Y, Luo X, Li X, Jia X. Synthesis and evaluation of new 2-chloro-4-aminopyrimidine and 2,6-dimethyl-4-aminopyrimidine derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1769-1775. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Xiang W, Choudhary S, Hamel E, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. Structure based drug design and in vitro metabolism study: Discovery of N-(4-methylthiophenyl)-N,2-dimethyl-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidine as a potent microtubule targeting agent. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2437-2451. [PMID: 29655610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of tubulin targeting agents, some of which demonstrate potent antiproliferative activities. These analogs were designed to optimize the antiproliferative activity of 1 by varying the heteroatom substituent at the 4'-position, the basicity of the 4-position amino moiety, and conformational restriction. The potential metabolites of the active compounds were also synthesized. Some compounds demonstrated single digit nanomolar IC50 values for antiproliferative effects in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. Particularly, the S-methyl analog 3 was more potent than 1 in MDA-MB-435 cells (IC50 = 4.6 nM). Incubation of 3 with human liver microsomes showed that the primary metabolite of the S-methyl moiety of 3 was the methyl sulfinyl group, as in analog 5. This metabolite was equipotent with the lead compound 1 in MDA-MB-435 cells (IC50 = 7.9 nM). Molecular modeling and electrostatic surface area were determined to explain the activities of the analogs. Most of the potent compounds overcome multiple mechanisms of drug resistance and compound 3 emerged as the lead compound for further SAR and preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Xiang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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22
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Banerjee S, Arnst KE, Wang Y, Kumar G, Deng S, Yang L, Li GB, Yang J, White SW, Li W, Miller DD. Heterocyclic-Fused Pyrimidines as Novel Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine Binding Site: Structural Basis and Antitumor Efficacy. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1704-1718. [PMID: 29406710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of heterocyclic-fused pyrimidines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site with significantly improved therapeutic index. Additionally, for the first time, we report high-resolution X-ray crystal structures for the best compounds in this scaffold, 4a, 4b, 6a, and 8b. These structures not only confirm their direct binding to the colchicine site in tubulin and reveal their detailed molecular interactions but also contrast the previously published proposed binding mode. Compounds 4a and 6a significantly inhibited tumor growth in an A375 melanoma xenograft model and were accompanied by elevated levels of apoptosis and disruption of tumor vasculature. Finally, we demonstrated that compound 4a significantly overcame clinically relevant multidrug resistance in a paclitaxel resistant PC-3/TxR prostate cancer xenograft model. Collectively, these studies provide preclinical and structural proof of concept to support the continued development of this scaffold as a new generation of tubulin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Kinsie E Arnst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gyanendra Kumar
- Structural Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Guo-Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy , Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Stephen W White
- Structural Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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23
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Tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site: a perspective of privileged structures. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:1765-1794. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vital roles of microtubule in mitosis and cell division make it an attractive target for antitumor therapy. Colchicine binding site of tubulin is one of the most important pockets that have been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents. Over the past few years, a large number of colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) have been developed inspired by natural products or synthetic origins, and many moieties frequently used in these CBSIs are structurally in common. In this review, we will classify the CBSIs into classical CBSIs and nonclassical CBSIs according to their spatial conformations and binding modes with tubulin, and highlight the privileged structures from these CBSIs in the development of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site.
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24
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Discovery of 9 H -purins as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and structure−activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1126-1134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Pavana RK, Choudhary S, Bastian A, Ihnat MA, Bai R, Hamel E, Gangjee A. Discovery and preclinical evaluation of 7-benzyl-N-(substituted)-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines as single agents with microtubule targeting effects along with triple-acting angiokinase inhibition as antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:545-556. [PMID: 27894589 PMCID: PMC5191990 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The utility of cytostatic antiangiogenic agents (AA) in cancer chemotherapy lies in their combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Clinical combinations of AA with microtubule targeting agents (MTAs) have been particularly successful. The discovery, synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of 7-benzyl-N-substituted-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-amines are reported. Novel compounds which inhibit proangiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), along with microtubule targeting in single molecules are described. These compounds also inhibited blood vessel formation in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, and some potently inhibited tubulin assembly (with activity comparable to that of combretastatin A-4 (CA)). In addition, some of the analogs circumvent the most clinically relevant tumor resistance mechanisms (P-glycoprotein and β-III tubulin expression) to microtubule targeting agents (MTA). These MTAs bind at the colchicine site on tubulin. Two analogs displayed two to three digit nanomolar GI50 values across the entire NCI 60 tumor cell panel and one of these, compound 7, freely water soluble as its HCl salt, afforded excellent in vivo antitumor activity against an orthotopic triple negative 4T1 breast cancer model and was superior to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheeth Kumar Pavana
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Michael A Ihnat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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26
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Rohena CC, Risinger AL, Devambatla RKV, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Kaul R, Choudhary S, Gangjee A, Mooberry SL. Janus Compounds, 5-Chloro-N⁴-methyl-N⁴-aryl-9H-pyrimido[4,5-b]indole-2,4-diamines, Cause Both Microtubule Depolymerizing and Stabilizing Effects. Molecules 2016; 21:E1661. [PMID: 27918450 PMCID: PMC5470396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While evaluating a large library of compounds designed to inhibit microtubule polymerization, we identified four compounds that have unique effects on microtubules. These compounds cause mixed effects reminiscent of both microtubule depolymerizers and stabilizers. Immunofluorescence evaluations showed that each compound initially caused microtubule depolymerization and, surprisingly, with higher concentrations, microtubule bundles were also observed. There were subtle differences in the propensity to cause these competing effects among the compounds with a continuum of stabilizing and destabilizing effects. Tubulin polymerization experiments confirmed the differential effects and, while each of the compounds increased the initial rate of tubulin polymerization at high concentrations, total tubulin polymer was not enhanced at equilibrium, likely because of the dueling depolymerization effects. Modeling studies predict that the compounds bind to tubulin within the colchicine site and confirm that there are differences in their potential interactions that might underlie their distinct effects on microtubules. Due to their dual properties of microtubule stabilization and destabilization, we propose the name Janus for these compounds after the two-faced Roman god. The identification of synthetically tractable, small molecules that elicit microtubule stabilizing effects is a significant finding with the potential to identify new mechanisms of microtubule stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Ravi Kumar Vyas Devambatla
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Nicholas F Dybdal-Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Roma Kaul
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | - Shruti Choudhary
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
- Cancer Therapy & Research Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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27
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Marzo-Mas A, Barbier P, Breuzard G, Allegro D, Falomir E, Murga J, Carda M, Peyrot V, Marco JA. Interactions of long-chain homologues of colchicine with tubulin. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:526-535. [PMID: 27915168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Several colchicine analogues in which the N-acetyl residue has been replaced by aliphatic, straight-chain acyl moieties, have been synthesized. These compounds show high cytotoxic activity at the nanomolar level against the tumoral cell lines HT-29, MCF-7 and A549. Some of them exhibit activities in the picomolar range against the HT-29 line and are thus two to three orders of magnitude more cytotoxic than colchicine. In this specific cell line, the activities were found to be closely related to the length of the acyl carbon chain, an increase in the latter giving rise to an increase in the cytotoxicity with a maximum in the range of 10-12 carbon atoms, followed by a decrease in activity with still longer chains. Some of the compounds inhibit microtubule assembly and induce the formation of abnormal polymers and present in most cases better apparent affinity constants than colchicine. In addition, at IC50 concentrations the analogues block the cell cycle of A549 cells in the G2/M phase. Molecular docking studies suggest that, while interactions of the colchicine analogues with the colchicine binding site at β-tubulin are still present, the increase in the acyl chain length leads to the progressive development of new interactions, not present in colchicine itself, with the neighboring α-tubulin subunit. Indeed, sufficiently long acyl chains span the intradimer interface and contact with a hydrophobic groove in α-tubulin. It is worth noting that some of the compounds show cytotoxicity at concentrations three orders of magnitude lower than colchicine. Their pharmacological use in cancer therapy could possibly be performed with lower dosages and be thus endowed with less acute toxicity problems than in the case of colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marzo-Mas
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Pascale Barbier
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Breuzard
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Diane Allegro
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Eva Falomir
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Juan Murga
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
| | - Miguel Carda
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Vincent Peyrot
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, CRO2 UMR_S 911, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385, Marseille, France.
| | - J Alberto Marco
- Depart. de Q. Orgánica, Univ. de Valencia, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Pérez-Pérez MJ, Priego EM, Bueno O, Martins MS, Canela MD, Liekens S. Blocking Blood Flow to Solid Tumors by Destabilizing Tubulin: An Approach to Targeting Tumor Growth. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8685-8711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva-María Priego
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oskía Bueno
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María-Dolores Canela
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Rega
Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Jana B, Sarkar J, Mondal P, Barman S, Mohapatra S, Bhunia D, Pradhan K, Saha A, Adak A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S. A short GC rich DNA derived from microbial origin targets tubulin/microtubules and induces apoptotic death of cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:12024-7. [PMID: 26121245 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc03432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A short GC rich DNA derived from microbial origin interacts with tubulin/microtubules activates p53 over expression and induces apoptotic death of human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batakrishna Jana
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India.
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30
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De Coen LM, Heugebaert TSA, García D, Stevens CV. Synthetic Entries to and Biological Activity of Pyrrolopyrimidines. Chem Rev 2015; 116:80-139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens M. De Coen
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas S. A. Heugebaert
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel García
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian V. Stevens
- Department of Sustainable
Organic Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure links
653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Rohena CC, Telang NS, Da C, Risinger AL, Sikorski JA, Kellogg GE, Gupton JT, Mooberry SL. Biological Characterization of an Improved Pyrrole-Based Colchicine Site Agent Identified through Structure-Based Design. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:287-96. [PMID: 26655304 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A refined model of the colchicine site on tubulin was used to design an improved analog of the pyrrole parent compound, JG-03-14. The optimized compound, NT-7-16, was evaluated in biological assays that confirm that it has potent activities as a new colchicine site microtubule depolymerizer. NT-7-16 exhibits antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against multiple cancer cell lines, with IC(50) values of 10-16 nM, and it is able to overcome drug resistance mediated by the expression of P-glycoprotein and the βIII isotype of tubulin. NT-7-16 initiated the concentration-dependent loss of cellular microtubules and caused the formation of abnormal mitotic spindles, leading to mitotic accumulation. The direct interaction of NT-7-16 with purified tubulin was confirmed, and it was more potent than combretastatin A-4 in these assays. Binding studies verified that NT-7-16 binds to tubulin within the colchicine site. The antitumor effects of NT-7-16 were evaluated in an MDA-MB-435 xenograft model and it had excellent activity at concentrations that were not toxic. A second compound, NT-9-21, which contains dichloro moieties in place of the 3,5-dibromo substituents of NT-7-16, had a poorer fit within the colchicine site as predicted by modeling and the Hydropathic INTeractions score. Biological evaluations showed that NT-9-21 has 10-fold lower potency than NT-7-16, confirming the modeling predictions. These studies highlight the value of the refined colchicine-site model and identify a new pyrrole-based colchicine-site agent with potent in vitro activities and promising in vivo antitumor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Nakul S Telang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Chenxiao Da
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - April L Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - James A Sikorski
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Glen E Kellogg
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - John T Gupton
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.)
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas (C.C.R., A.L.R., S.L.M.); Department of Chemistry University of Richmond, Richmond Virginia (N.T., J.T.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia (C.D., G.E.K.); and Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Discovery, Chesterfield, Missouri (J.A.S.).
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32
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Sarmah MM, Bhuyan D, Prajapati D. Indium-catalyzed microwave-accelerated pot economic C–C bond formation process towards the ‘dry-media’ synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14434a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituted pyrimidines can be constructed in good yields via a microwave-accelerated C–C bond formation process through Lewis acid catalysed Diels–Alder reaction from easily available uracil diene and electron deficient acetylene carboxylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas M. Sarmah
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Debajyoti Bhuyan
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Dipak Prajapati
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
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33
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Sharma M, Bhuyan PJ. Synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis(pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)methanes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09729g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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34
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 6-phenylaminopurines. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:421-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Gao T, Sun P. Palladium-catalyzed N-nitroso-directed C-H alkoxylation of arenes and subsequent formation of 2-alkoxy-N-alkylarylamines. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9888-93. [PMID: 25251557 DOI: 10.1021/jo501902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed direct ortho-alkoxylation of N-alkyl-N-nitrosoarylamines was developed in which alcohols were used as the alkoxylation reagents and PhI(OAc)2 was employed as the oxidant. The protocol was available for both primary and secondary alcohols. The products were transformed to o-alkoxy-N-alkylanilines expediently by a simple reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes and Pollution Control, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210097, China
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36
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Zhang X, Raghavan S, Ihnat M, Thorpe JE, Disch BC, Bastian A, Bailey-Downs LC, Dybdal-Hargreaves NF, Rohena CC, Hamel E, Mooberry SL, Gangjee A. The design and discovery of water soluble 4-substituted-2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines as multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and microtubule targeting antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3753-72. [PMID: 24890652 PMCID: PMC4089508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis and biological evaluations of fourteen 4-substituted 2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines are reported. Four compounds (11-13, 15) inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β), and target tubulin leading to cytotoxicity. Compound 11 has nanomolar potency, comparable to sunitinib and semaxinib, against tumor cell lines overexpressing VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-β. Further, 11 binds at the colchicine site on tubulin, depolymerizes cellular microtubules and inhibits purified tubulin assembly and overcomes both βIII-tubulin and P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance, and initiates mitotic arrest leading to apoptosis. In vivo, its HCl salt, 21, reduced tumor size and vascularity in xenograft and allograft murine models and was superior to docetaxel and sunitinib, without overt toxicity. Thus 21 affords potential combination chemotherapy in a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Sudhir Raghavan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States
| | - Michael Ihnat
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Jessica E Thorpe
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Bryan C Disch
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Anja Bastian
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Lora C Bailey-Downs
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, 1110 North Stonewall, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States
| | - Nicholas F Dybdal-Hargreaves
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Susan L Mooberry
- Department of Pharmacology, Cancer Therapy & Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, United States.
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37
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Dasari R, Kornienko A. Multicomponent Synthesis of the Medicinally Important Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Scaffold (Minireview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Nauš P, Caletková O, Konečný P, Džubák P, Bogdanová K, Kolář M, Vrbková J, Slavětínská L, Tloušt'ová E, Perlíková P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis, cytostatic, antimicrobial, and anti-HCV activity of 6-substituted 7-(het)aryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1097-110. [PMID: 24397620 DOI: 10.1021/jm4018948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of 80 7-(het)aryl- and 7-ethynyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides bearing a methoxy, methylsulfanyl, methylamino, dimethylamino, methyl, or oxo group at position 6, or 2,6-disubstituted derivatives bearing a methyl or amino group at position 2, were prepared, and the biological activity of the compounds was studied and compared with that of the parent 7-(het)aryl-7-deazaadenosine series. Several of the compounds, in particular 6-substituted 7-deazapurine derivatives bearing a furyl or ethynyl group at position 7, were significantly cytotoxic at low nanomolar concentrations whereas most were much less potent or inactive. Promising activity was observed with some compounds against Mycobacterium bovis and also against hepatitis C virus in a replicon assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Nauš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Center , Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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39
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Sanghai N, Jain V, Preet R, Kandekar S, Das S, Trivedi N, Mohapatra P, Priyadarshani G, Kashyap M, Das D, Satapathy SR, Siddharth S, Guchhait SK, Kundu CN, Bharatam PV. Combretastatin A-4 inspired novel 2-aryl-3-arylamino-imidazo-pyridines/pyrazines as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, antimitotic and anticancer agents. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00357d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2-aryl-3-arylamino-imidazo-pyridines/pyrazines that exhibit potent tubulin polymerization inhibition, anticancer activity, anti-migration of cancer cells, chromosomal damage, and apoptosis have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Sanghai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Vaibhav Jain
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Ranjan Preet
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University
- Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Somnath Kandekar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Sarita Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University
- Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Neha Trivedi
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | | | - Garima Priyadarshani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Maneesh Kashyap
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | - Dipon Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University
- Bhubaneswar, India
| | | | | | - Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
| | | | - Prasad V. Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- S. A. S. Nagar (Mohali), India
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
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40
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Naidu PS, Bhuyan PJ. A novel one-pot three-component reaction for the synthesis of 5-arylamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47143h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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41
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Sharma M, Bhuyan PJ. A mild process of carbon–carbon bond formation in aqueous medium: synthesis of bis(pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinyl)methanes, a novel class of compounds. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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42
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Lee HY, Pan SL, Su MC, Liu YM, Kuo CC, Chang YT, Wu JS, Nien CY, Mehndiratta S, Chang CY, Wu SY, Lai MJ, Chang JY, Liou JP. Furanylazaindoles: potent anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo. J Med Chem 2013; 56:8008-18. [PMID: 24106982 DOI: 10.1021/jm4011115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary biological data on 7-anilino-6-azaindoles (8-11) suggested that hydrophobic substituents at C7 contribute to enhancement of antiproliferative activity. A novel series of 7-aryl-6-azaindole-1-benzenesulfonamides (12-22) were developed and showed improved cytotoxicity compared to ABT751 (5). The conversion of C7 phenyl rings into C7 heterocycles led to a remarkable improvement of antiproliferative activity. Among all the synthetic products, 7-(2-furanyl)-1-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-6-azaindole (21) exhibited the most potent anticancer activity against KB, HT29, MKN45, and H460 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 21.1, 32.0, 27.5, and 40.0 nM, respectively. Bioassays indicated that 21 not only inhibits tubulin polymerization by binding to tubulin at the colchicine binding site but also arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase with slight arrest at the sub-G1 phase. Compound 21 also functions as a vascular disrupting agent and dose-dependently inhibits tumor growth without significant change of body weight in an HT29 xenograft mouse model. Taken together, compound 21 has potential for further development as a novel class of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
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43
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Da C, Mooberry SL, Gupton JT, Kellogg GE. How to deal with low-resolution target structures: using SAR, ensemble docking, hydropathic analysis, and 3D-QSAR to definitively map the αβ-tubulin colchicine site. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7382-95. [PMID: 23961916 DOI: 10.1021/jm400954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
αβ-Tubulin colchicine site inhibitors (CSIs) from four scaffolds that we previously tested for antiproliferative activity were modeled to better understand their effect on microtubules. Docking models, constructed by exploiting the SAR of a pyrrole subset and HINT scoring, guided ensemble docking of all 59 compounds. This conformation set and two variants having progressively less structure knowledge were subjected to CoMFA, CoMFA+HINT, and CoMSIA 3D-QSAR analyses. The CoMFA+HINT model (docked alignment) showed the best statistics: leave-one-out q(2) of 0.616, r(2) of 0.949, and r(2)pred (internal test set) of 0.755. An external (tested in other laboratories) collection of 24 CSIs from eight scaffolds were evaluated with the 3D-QSAR models, which correctly ranked their activity trends in 7/8 scaffolds for CoMFA+HINT (8/8 for CoMFA). The combination of SAR, ensemble docking, hydropathic analysis, and 3D-QSAR provides an atomic-scale colchicine site model more consistent with a target structure resolution much higher than the ~3.6 Å available for αβ-tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Da
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia 23298-0540, United States
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44
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Wang XF, Wang SB, Ohkoshi E, Wang LT, Hamel E, Qian K, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH, Xie L. N-aryl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines: a novel class of antitumor agents targeting the colchicine site on tubulin. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 67:196-207. [PMID: 23867604 PMCID: PMC3770484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural optimizations of the prior lead 1a led to the discovery of a series of N-aryl-6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives as a novel class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors targeted at the colchicine binding site. The most active compound 6d showed extremely high cytotoxicity against a human tumor cell line panel (A549, KB, KBvin, and DU145) with GI50 values ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 nM, significantly more potent than paclitaxel, especially against the drug-resistant KBvin cell line, in the same assays. Analogs 5f, 6b, 6c, and 6e were also quite potent, with a GI50 range of 0.011-0.19 μM. In further studies, active compounds 6b-e and 5f significantly inhibited tubulin assembly, with IC50 values of 0.92-1.0 μM and strongly inhibited colchicine binding to tubulin, with inhibition rates of 75-99% (at 5 μM), comparable with or more potent than combretastatin A-4 (IC50 0.96 μM). Current studies included design, synthesis, and biological evaluations of 24 new compounds (series 3-6). Related SAR analysis, molecular modeling, and evaluation of essential drug-like properties, i.e. water solubility, log P, and in vitro metabolic stability, were also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
- Pharmacy Department, Urumqi General Hospital, Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Sheng-Biao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Emika Ohkoshi
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Li-Ting Wang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Development Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lan Xie
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
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45
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Gangjee A, Zhao Y, Raghavan S, Rohena CC, Mooberry SL, Hamel E. Structure-activity relationship and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the potent cytotoxic anti-microtubule agent N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N,2,6-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-4-aminium chloride and its analogues as antitumor agents. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6829-44. [PMID: 23895532 DOI: 10.1021/jm400639z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of 21 substituted cyclopenta[d]pyrimidines were synthesized as an extension of our discovery of the parent compound (±)-1·HCl as an anti-microtubule agent. The structure-activity relationship indicates that the N-methyl and a 4N-methoxy groups appear important for potent activity. In addition, the 6-substituent in the parent analogue is not necessary for activity. The most potent compound 30·HCl was a one to two digit nanomolar inhibitor of most tumor cell proliferations and was up to 7-fold more potent than the parent compound (±)-1·HCl. In addition, 30·HCl inhibited cancer cell proliferation regardless of Pgp or βIII-tubulin status, both of which are known to cause clinical resistance to several anti-tubulin agents. In vivo efficacy of 30·HCl was demonstrated against a triple negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Compound 30·HCl is water-soluble and easily synthesized and serves as a lead compound for further preclinical evaluation as an antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University , 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
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46
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Frolova LV, Magedov IV, Romero AE, Karki M, Otero I, Hayden K, Evdokimov NM, Banuls LMY, Rastogi SK, Smith WR, Lu SL, Kiss R, Shuster CB, Hamel E, Betancourt T, Rogelj S, Kornienko A. Exploring natural product chemistry and biology with multicomponent reactions. 5. Discovery of a novel tubulin-targeting scaffold derived from the rigidin family of marine alkaloids. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6886-900. [PMID: 23927793 DOI: 10.1021/jm400711t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We developed synthetic chemistry to access the marine alkaloid rigidins and over 40 synthetic analogues based on the 7-deazaxanthine, 7-deazaadenine, 7-deazapurine, and 7-deazahypoxanthine skeletons. Analogues based on the 7-deazahypoxanthine skeleton exhibited nanomolar potencies against cell lines representing cancers with dismal prognoses, tumor metastases, and multidrug resistant cells. Studies aimed at elucidating the mode(s) of action of the 7-deazahypoxanthines in cancer cells revealed that they inhibited in vitro tubulin polymerization and disorganized microtubules in live HeLa cells. Experiments evaluating the effects of the 7-deazahypoxanthines on the binding of [(3)H]colchicine to tubulin identified the colchicine site on tubulin as the most likely target for these compounds in cancer cells. Because many microtubule-targeting compounds are successfully used to fight cancer in the clinic, we believe the new chemical class of antitubulin agents represented by the 7-deazahypoxanthine rigidin analogues have significant potential as new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology , Socorro, New Mexico 87801, United States
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47
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Assadieskandar A, Amini M, Ostad SN, Riazi GH, Cheraghi-Shavi T, Shafiei B, Shafiee A. Design, synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and tubulin inhibitory activity of 4-aryl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2-alkylthio-1H-imidazole derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2703-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Gangjee A, Kurup S, Smith CD. Synthesis of 5,7-disubstituted-4-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-amines as microtubule inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1180-9. [PMID: 23352482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Compounds 1-4 were previously reported as potent antimitotic and antitumor agents with Pgp modulatory effects. Compounds 5-18 have been synthesized in an attempt to optimize the various activities of 1-4. Compounds 5-10 explored the influence of methoxy substitutions on the 7-benzyl moiety in 1, while 11-18 investigated the influence of incorporation of a sulfur linker at C5 compared to 1-3. Compounds 5-10 demonstrated potent single-digit micromolar tumor cell cytotoxicity, Pgp modulation and microtubule inhibition. Compound 7 of this series was the most potent and showed GI(50) values in the nanomolar range against several human tumor cell lines in the standard NCI preclinical in vitro screen. Antitumor activity and Pgp modulatory effects were found to decrease for the 5-phenylthio compounds 11-14 compared to their 5-phenylethyl analogs 2-4 and the standard compound Taxol. Incorporation of methoxy substitutions on the 7-benzyl moiety improved antitumor activity for the 5-phenylthio compounds 16 and 17. Compounds 16 and 17 demonstrated single to two-digit micromolar inhibition of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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Verves EV, Kucher AV, Muzychka LV, Smolii OB. Synthesis of 7-alkyl-4-amino-7H-pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Lee HY, Lee LW, Nien CY, Kuo CC, Lin PY, Chang CY, Chang JY, Liou JP. Application of Suzuki arylation, Sonogashira ethynylation and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation in the exploration of substitution effects on the anticancer activity of 2-aroylquinolines. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:9593-600. [PMID: 23132325 DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26614h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A variety of functionalities were introduced at 2-aroylquinoline's C5 position, which is considered equivalent to C-3' of the B-ring of CA4, via Suzuki arylation, Sonogashira ethynylation, and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation. These substitutions are rarely utilized in the modification of 3'-OH of CA4. The resulting products 6 and 7 having cyano and ethynyl groups exhibited comparable antiproliferative and tubulin inhibitory activities to colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
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