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Simoni A, Schwartz L, Junquera GY, Ching CB, Spencer JD. Current and emerging strategies to curb antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00877-9. [PMID: 38714857 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria compromise patient outcomes and prolong hospital stays. Consequently, new strategies are needed to prevent and control the spread of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria. Over the past two decades, sizeable clinical efforts and research advances have changed urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment and prevention strategies to conserve antibiotic use. The emergence of antimicrobial stewardship, policies from national societies, and the development of new antimicrobials have shaped modern UTI practices. Future UTI management practices could be driven by the evolution of antimicrobial stewardship, improved and readily available diagnostics, and an improved understanding of how the microbiome affects UTI. Forthcoming UTI treatment and prevention strategies could employ novel bactericidal compounds, combinations of new and classic antimicrobials that enhance bacterial killing, medications that prevent bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells, repurposing drugs, and vaccines to curtail the rising rates of antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic bacteria and improve outcomes in people with UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Simoni
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Laura Schwartz
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Guillermo Yepes Junquera
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina B Ching
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Urology, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John David Spencer
- The Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, Nationwide Children's Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nationwide Children's, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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2
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Rau M, Santelli A, Martí S, Díaz MI, Sabé N, Fiol M, Riera L, Etcheverry B, Codina S, Coloma A, Carreras-Salinas A, Ardanuy C, Cruzado JM, Melilli E. Randomized clinical trial of non-antibiotic prophylaxis with d-Mannose plus Proanthocyanidins vs. Proanthocyanidins alone for urinary tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria in de novo kidney transplant recipients: The Manotras study. Nefrologia 2024:S2013-2514(24)00053-1. [PMID: 38637262 DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies analyzing non-antibiotic alternatives in kidney transplant UTI's are lacking. d-Mannose, a simple sugar, inhibits bacterial attachment to the urothelium, as does Proanthocyanidins; both could act as a synergic strategy preventing UTI; nonetheless their efficacy and safety have not been evaluated in kidney transplant population yet. METHODS This is a pilot prospective, double-blind randomized trial. Sixty de novo kidney transplant recipients were randomized (1:1) to receive a prophylactic strategy based on a 24-h prolonged release formulation of d-Mannose plus Proanthocyanidins vs. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) alone. The supplements were taken for the first 3 months after kidney transplant and then followed up for 3 months as well. The main objective of the study was to search if the addition of Mannose to PAC alone reduced the incidence of UTI and/or asymptomatic bacteriuria in the first 6 months post-transplantation. RESULTS 27% of patients experienced one UTI episode (cystitis or pyelonephritis) while asymptomatic bacteriuria was very common (57%). Incidences according UTI type or AB were: 7% vs. 4% for cystitis episode (p 0.3), 4% vs. 5% for pyelonephritis (p 0.5) and 17% vs. 14% for asymptomatic bacteriuria (p 0.4) for patients in the Mannose+PAC group vs. PAC group respectively. The most frequent bacteria isolated in both groups was Escherichia coli (28% of all episodes), UTI or AB due to E. coli was not different according to study group (30% vs. 23% for Mannose+PAC vs. PAC alone p 0.37). CONCLUSIONS Non-antibiotic therapy is an unmet need to prevent UTI after kidney transplantation; however, the use of d-Mannose plus PAC does not seem capable to prevent it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rau
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Santelli
- Nephrology Department, Clínicas Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sara Martí
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynalds Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Díaz
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Sabé
- Infectology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Fiol
- Urology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Riera
- Urology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Begoña Etcheverry
- Urology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Codina
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynalds Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Coloma
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynalds Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Carreras-Salinas
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Microbiology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynalds Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Research Network for Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M Cruzado
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynalds Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Edoardo Melilli
- Nephrology Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Duran i Reynalds Hospital, 08907 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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3
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Mohammed AF, Othman SA, Abou-Ghadir OF, Kotb AA, Mostafa YA, El-Mokhtar MA, Abdu-Allah HHM. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and docking study of some new aryl and heteroaryl thiomannosides as FimH antagonists. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107258. [PMID: 38447463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
FimH is a mannose-recognizing lectin that is expressed by Escherichia coli guiding its ability to adhere and infect cells. It is involved in pathogenesis of urinary tract infections and Chron's disease. Several X-ray structure-guided ligand design studies were extensively utilized in the discovery and optimization of small molecule aryl mannoside FimH antagonists. These antagonists retain key specific interactions of the mannose scaffolds with the FimH carbohydrate recognition domains. Thiomannosides are attractive and stable scaffolds, and this work reports the synthesis of some of their new aryl and heteroaryl derivatives as FimH antagonists. FimH-competitive binding assays as well as biofilm inhibition of the new compounds (24-32) were determined in comparison with the reference n-heptyl α-d-mannopyranoside (HM). The affinity among these compounds was found to be governed by the structure of the aryl and heteroarylf aglycones. Two compounds 31 and 32 revealed higher activity than HM. Molecular docking and total hydrophobic to topological polar surface area ratio calculations attributed to explain the obtained biological results. Finally, the SAR study suggested that introducing an aryl or heteroaryl aglycone of sufficient hydrophobicity and of proper orientation within the tyrosine binding site considerably enhance binding affinity. The potent and synthetically feasible FimH antagonists described herein hold potential as leads for the development of sensors for detection of E. coli and treatment of its diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anber F Mohammed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Othman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ola F Abou-Ghadir
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Kotb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt
| | - Yaser A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Hajjaj H M Abdu-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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4
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Maddirala AR, Tamadonfar K, Pinkner JS, Sanick D, Hultgren SJ, Janetka JW. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable FmlH Lectin Antagonists as Treatment for Urinary Tract Infections. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3668-3678. [PMID: 38308631 PMCID: PMC10994195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
FmlH, a bacterial adhesin of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), has been shown to provide a fitness advantage in colonizing the bladder during chronic urinary tract infections (UTIs). Previously reported ortho-biphenyl glycosides based on βGal and βGalNAc have excellent binding affinity to FmlH and potently block binding to its natural carbohydrate receptor, but they lack oral bioavailability. In this paper, we outline studies where we have optimized compounds for improved pharmacokinetics, leading to the discovery of novel analogues with good oral bioavailability. We synthesized galactosides with the anomeric O-linker replaced with more stable S- and C-linked linkers. We also investigated modifications to the GalNAc sugar and modifications to the biphenyl aglycone. We identified GalNAc 69 with an IC50 of 0.19 μM against FmlH and 53% oral bioavailability in mice. We also obtained a FimlH-bound X-ray structure of lead compound 69 (AM4085) which has potential as a new antivirulence therapeutic for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Tamadonfar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Denise Sanick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Women’s Infectious Disease Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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5
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Al-Mughaid H, Jaradat Y, Khazaaleh M, Al-Taani I. Click chemistry inspired facile one-pot synthesis of mannosyl triazoles and their hemagglutination inhibitory properties: The effect of alkyl chain spacer length between the triazole and phthalimide moieties in the aglycone backbone. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108965. [PMID: 37852130 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot synthesis of a new series of mannosyl triazoles has been achieved through CuAAC reaction where the alkyl chain spacer between the phthalimide moiety and the triazole ring in the aglycone backbone is varied from one methylene to six methylene units. The target compounds were evaluated in terms of their inhibitory potency against FimH using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. It was found that the length of four methylene units was the optimum for the fitting/binding of the compound to FimH as exemplified by compound 11 (HAI = 1.9 μM), which was approximately 200 times more potent than the reference ligand 1(HAI = 385 μM). The successful implementation of one-pot protocol with building blocks 1-7 and the architecture of ligand 11 will be the subject of our future work for developing more potent FimH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Mughaid
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Younis Jaradat
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Maha Khazaaleh
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Al-Taani
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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6
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Samanta P, Doerksen RJ. Identifying FmlH lectin-binding small molecules for the prevention of Escherichia coli-induced urinary tract infections using hybrid fragment-based design and molecular docking. Comput Biol Med 2023; 163:107072. [PMID: 37329611 PMCID: PMC10810094 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 50% of women are affected by urinary tract infections (UTIs) during their lifetimes. The most common agent to cause UTIs is Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC expresses fibers known as chaperone-usher pathway pili with adhesins that specifically bind to receptors as they colonize various host tissues. UPEC uses an F9/Yde/Fml pilus, tipped with FmlH, which interacts with terminal galactoside/galactosaminoside units in glycoproteins in the epithelial cells of the bladder and kidney. The extensive use of traditional antibiotics has led to the rise of various antibiotic-resistant strains of UPEC. An alternative therapeutic approach is to use an anti-adhesion strategy mediated by competitive tight-binding FmlH inhibitors. In the current study, we have applied various computational modeling techniques, including fragment-based e-pharmacophore virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations for the design of small molecules that exhibit binding to FmlH. Our modeling protocol successfully predicted ligand moieties, such as a thiazole group, which were previously found as components of UPEC adhesin pili inhibitors, thereby validating our designed screening protocol. The screening protocol developed here could be utilized for design of ligands for other homologous protein targets. We also identified several novel galactosaminoside-containing molecules that, according to the computational modeling, are predicted to interact strongly with FmlH and hence we predict will be good FmlH inhibitors. Additionally, we have prepared and supplied a database of ∼190K small molecules obtained from virtual screening, which can serve as an excellent resource for the discovery of novel FmlH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677-1848, USA.
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7
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Gonnot C, Scalabrini M, Roubinet B, Ziane C, Boeda F, Deniaud D, Landemarre L, Gouin SG, Fontaine L, Montembault V. ROMP-based Glycopolymers with High Affinity for Mannose-Binding Lectins. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3689-3699. [PMID: 37471408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined, highly reactive poly(norbornenyl azlactone)s of controlled length (number-average degree of polymerization D P n ¯ = 10 to 1,000) were made by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of pure exo-norbornenyl azlactone. These were converted into glycopolymers using a facile postpolymerization modification (PPM) strategy based on click aminolysis of azlactone side groups by amino-functionalized glycosides. Pegylated mannoside, heptyl-mannoside, and pegylated glucoside were used in the PPM. Binding inhibition of the resulting glycopolymers was evaluated against a lectin panel (Bc2L-A, FimH, langerin, DC-SIGN, ConA). Inhibition profiles depended on the sugars and the degrees of polymerization. Glycopolymers from pegylated-mannoside-functionalized polynorbornene, with D P n ¯ = 100, showed strong binding inhibition, with subnanomolar range inhibitory concentrations (IC50s). Polymers surpassed the inhibitory potential of their monovalent analogues by four to five orders of magnitude thanks to a multivalent (synergistic) effect. Sugar-functionalized poly(norbornenyl azlactone)s are therefore promising tools to study multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions and for applications against lectin-promoted bacterial/viral binding to host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Gonnot
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | | | | | - Célia Ziane
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - Fabien Boeda
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - David Deniaud
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Fontaine
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
| | - Véronique Montembault
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS - Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9 France
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8
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Faustino M, Silva S, Costa EM, Pereira AM, Pereira JO, Oliveira AS, Ferreira CMH, Pereira CF, Durão J, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP. Effect of Mannan Oligosaccharides Extracts in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Adhesion in Human Bladder Cells. Pathogens 2023; 12:885. [PMID: 37513732 PMCID: PMC10384913 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common public health problem, mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Patients with chronic UTIs are usually treated with long-acting prophylactic antibiotics, which promotes the development of antibiotic-resistant UPEC strains and may complicate their long-term management. D-mannose and extracts rich in D-mannose such as mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; D-mannose oligomers) are promising alternatives to antibiotic prophylaxis due to their ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion to urothelial cells and, therefore, infection. This highlights the therapeutic potential and commercial value of using them as health supplements. Studies on the effect of MOS in UTIs are, however, scarce. Aiming to evaluate the potential benefits of using MOS extracts in UTIs prophylaxis, their ability to inhibit the adhesion of UPEC to urothelial cells and its mechanism of action were assessed. Additionally, the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory marker interleukin 6 (IL-6) were also evaluated. After characterizing their cytotoxic profiles, the preliminary results indicated that MOS extracts have potential to be used for the handling of UTIs and demonstrated that the mechanism through which they inhibit bacterial adhesion is through the competitive inhibition of FimH adhesins through the action of mannose, validated by a bacterial growth impact assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Faustino
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Odila Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos M H Ferreira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Durão
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, Rua Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Chen YC, Lee WC, Chuang YC. Emerging Non-Antibiotic Options Targeting Uropathogenic Mechanisms for Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087055. [PMID: 37108218 PMCID: PMC10138837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most frequent bacterial infections in the clinical setting. Even without underlying anatomic or functional abnormalities, more than 40% of women experience at least one UTI in their lifetime, of which 30% develop recurrent UTIs (rUTIs) within 6 months. Conventional management with antibiotics for rUTIs may eventually lead to the development of multidrug-resistant uropathogens. Targeting of the pathogenicity of rUTIs, the evolution of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), and inadequate host defenses by immune responses should be explored to provide non-antibiotic solutions for the management of rUTIs. The adaptive evolution of UPEC has been observed in several aspects, including colonization, attachment, invasion, and intracellular replication to invade the urothelium and survive intracellularly. Focusing on the antivirulence of UPEC and modulating the immunity of susceptible persons, researchers have provided potential alternative solutions in four categories: antiadhesive treatments (i.e., cranberries and D-mannose), immunomodulation therapies, vaccines, and prophylaxis with topical estrogen therapy and probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus species). Combination therapies targeting multiple pathogenic mechanisms are expected to be a future trend in UTI management, although some of these treatment options have not been well established in terms of their long-term efficacy. Additional clinical trials are warranted to validate the therapeutic efficacy and durability of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chia Lee
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chi Chuang
- Division of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Center for Shock Wave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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11
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Gerling-Driessen UIM, Hoffmann M, Schmidt S, Snyder NL, Hartmann L. Glycopolymers against pathogen infection. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2617-2642. [PMID: 36820794 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00912a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites continue to shape our lives in profound ways every day. As we have learned to live in parallel with pathogens, we have gained a better understanding of the rules of engagement for how they bind, adhere, and invade host cells. One such mechanism involves the exploitation of host cell surface glycans for attachment/adhesion, one of the first steps of infection. This knowledge has led to the development of glycan-based diagnostics and therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of infection. One class of compounds that has become increasingly important are the glycopolymers. Glycopolymers are macromolecules composed of a synthetic scaffold presenting carbohydrates as side chain motifs. Glycopolymers are particularly attractive because their properties can be tuned by careful choice of the scaffold, carbohydrate/glycan, and overall presentation. In this review, we highlight studies over the past ten years that have examined the role of glycopolymers in pathogen adhesion and host cell infection, biofilm formation and removal, and drug delivery with the aim of examining the direct effects of these macromolecules on pathogen engagement. In addition, we also examine the role of glycopolymers as diagnostics for the detection and monitoring of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla I M Gerling-Driessen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Miriam Hoffmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole L Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035, USA
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Singh K, Kulkarni SS. Small Carbohydrate Derivatives as Potent Antibiofilm Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8525-8549. [PMID: 35777073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by most pathogenic bacteria is considered as one of the key mechanisms associated with virulence and antibiotic resistance. Biofilm-forming bacteria adhere to the surfaces of biological or implant medical devices and create communities within their self-produced extracellular matrix that are difficult to treat by existing antibiotics. There is an urgent need to synthesize and screen structurally diverse molecules for their antibiofilm activity that can remove or minimize the bacterial biofilm. The development of carbohydrate-based small molecules as antibiofilm agents holds a great promise in addressing the problem of the eradication of biofilm-related infections. Owing to their structural diversity and specificity, the sugar scaffolds are valuable entities for developing antibiofilm agents. In this perspective, we discuss the literature pertaining to carbohydrate-based natural antibiofilm agents and provide an overview of the design, activity, and mode of action of potent synthetic carbohydrate-based molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076
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13
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Parazzini F, Ricci E, Fedele F, Chiaffarino F, Esposito G, Cipriani S. Systematic review of the effect of D‑mannose with or without other drugs in the treatment of symptoms of urinary tract infections/cystitis (Review). Biomed Rep 2022; 17:69. [PMID: 35815191 PMCID: PMC9260159 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies, reviews and meta-analyses have documented that D-mannose use lowers the risk of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI), but its role in the treatment of UTI/cystitis-related symptoms is unclear. In particular, no systematic review has analyzed the role of treatment with D-mannose in acute UTI/cystitis. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the published data on the effect of D-mannose, alone or in association with other compounds, on the typical symptoms of UTI/cystitis. PubMed/Medline and EMBASE databases were searched, from 1990 to January 2022, using combinations of the following keywords: ‘urinary tract infections’, ‘cystalgia’, ‘recurrent next urinary tract infection’, ‘cystitis’, ‘mannose’, ‘mannoside’, ‘D-mannose’, ‘bacteriuria’, ‘pyuria’, ‘pyelocystitis’ with the appropriate Boolean modifiers (Limits: Human, English, full article). Studies were selected for the systematic review if they were clinical studies and reported original data, the number of patients using D-mannose alone or in association with other treatments, and the number of patients with symptoms of UTI/cystitis at trial entry and after the follow-up period. A total of seven studies were identified. D-mannose was given alone in two studies, and was associated with cranberry extract, Morinda citrifolia fruit extract, pomegranate extract, fructo-oligosaccharides, lactobacilli, and N-acetylcysteine in the others. All studies reported that symptoms decreased after treatment with D-mannose. Despite the limitations of the studies, the consistent results observed among all studies give support to the general findings that D-mannose may be useful in the treatment of UTI/cystitis symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, School of Medicine and Surgery, I‑20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ricci
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, School of Medicine and Surgery, I‑20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Fedele
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, School of Medicine and Surgery, I‑20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiaffarino
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, I‑20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, School of Medicine and Surgery, I‑20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Cipriani
- Gynecology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, I‑20122 Milan, Italy
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14
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Werneburg GT. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Res Rep Urol 2022; 14:109-133. [PMID: 35402319 PMCID: PMC8992741 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s273663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection and cause of secondary bloodstream infections. Despite many advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment, CAUTI remains a severe healthcare burden, and antibiotic resistance rates are alarmingly high. In this review, current CAUTI management paradigms and challenges are discussed, followed by future prospects as they relate to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Clinical and translational evidence will be evaluated, as will key basic science studies that underlie preventive and therapeutic approaches. Novel diagnostic strategies and treatment decision aids under development will decrease the time to diagnosis and improve antibiotic accuracy and stewardship. These include several classes of biomarkers often coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms, cell-free DNA, and others. New preventive strategies including catheter coatings and materials, vaccination, and bacterial interference are being developed and investigated. The antibiotic pipeline remains insufficient, and new strategies for the identification of new classes of antibiotics, and rational design of small molecule inhibitor alternatives, are under development for CAUTI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T Werneburg
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Al-Mughaid H, Nawasreh S, Naser H, Jaradat Y, Al-Zoubi RM. Synthesis and hemagglutination inhibitory properties of mannose-tipped ligands: The effect of terminal phenyl groups and the linker between the mannose residue and the triazole moiety. Carbohydr Res 2022; 515:108559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Ala-Jaakkola R, Laitila A, Ouwehand AC, Lehtoranta L. Role of D-mannose in urinary tract infections - a narrative review. Nutr J 2022; 21:18. [PMID: 35313893 PMCID: PMC8939087 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases worldwide. Despite the efficacy of antibiotics targeted against UTI, the recurrence rates remain significant among the patients. Furthermore, the development of antibiotic resistance is a major concern and creates a demand for alternative treatment options. D-mannose, a monosaccharide naturally found in fruits, is commonly marketed as a dietary supplement for reducing the risk for UTIs. Research suggests that supplemented D-mannose could be a promising alternative or complementary remedy especially as a prophylaxis for recurrent UTIs. When excreted in urine, D-mannose potentially inhibits Escherichia coli, the main causative organism of UTIs, from attaching to urothelium and causing infection. In this review, we provide an overview of UTIs, E. coli pathogenesis and D-mannose and outline the existing clinical evidence of D-mannose in reducing the risk of UTI and its recurrence. Furthermore, we discuss the potential effect mechanisms of D-mannose against uropathogenic E.coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Ala-Jaakkola
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arja Laitila
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460, Kantvik, Finland
| | - Arthur C Ouwehand
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460, Kantvik, Finland.
| | - Liisa Lehtoranta
- Health & Biosciences, International Flavors & Fragrances, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460, Kantvik, Finland
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17
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Garofalo L, Nakama C, Hanes D, Zwickey H. Whole-Person, Urobiome-Centric Therapy for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:218. [PMID: 35203820 PMCID: PMC8868435 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy urinary tract contains a variety of microbes resulting in a diverse urobiome. Urobiome dysbiosis, defined as an imbalance in the microbial composition in the microenvironments along the urinary tract, is found in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI). Historically, antibiotics have been used to address UTI. An alternative approach to uncomplicated UTI is warranted as the current paradigm fails to take urobiome dysbiosis into account and contributes to the communal problem of resistance. A whole-person, multi-modal approach that addresses vaginal and urinary tract dysbiosis may be more effective in reducing recurrent UTI. In this review, we discuss strategies that include reducing pathogenic bacteria while supporting commensal urogenital bacteria, encouraging diuresis, maintaining optimal pH levels, and reducing inflammation. Strategies for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Garofalo
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Claudia Nakama
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (C.N.); (D.H.); (H.Z.)
| | - Douglas Hanes
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (C.N.); (D.H.); (H.Z.)
- Helfgott Research Institute, NUNM, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Heather Zwickey
- National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (C.N.); (D.H.); (H.Z.)
- Helfgott Research Institute, NUNM, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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18
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Al-Mughaid H, Jaradat Y, Khazaaleh M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of mannosyl triazoles and varying the nature of substituents on the terminal phthalimido moiety in the aglycone backbone. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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19
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Wawrzinek R, Wamhoff EC, Lefebre J, Rentzsch M, Bachem G, Domeniconi G, Schulze J, Fuchsberger FF, Zhang H, Modenutti C, Schnirch L, Marti MA, Schwardt O, Bräutigam M, Guberman M, Hauck D, Seeberger PH, Seitz O, Titz A, Ernst B, Rademacher C. A Remote Secondary Binding Pocket Promotes Heteromultivalent Targeting of DC-SIGN. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18977-18988. [PMID: 34748320 PMCID: PMC8603350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Dendritic cells (DC)
are antigen-presenting cells coordinating
the interplay of the innate and the adaptive immune response. The
endocytic C-type lectin receptors DC-SIGN and Langerin display expression
profiles restricted to distinct DC subtypes and have emerged as prime
targets for next-generation immunotherapies and anti-infectives. Using
heteromultivalent liposomes copresenting mannosides bearing aromatic
aglycones with natural glycan ligands, we serendipitously discovered
striking cooperativity effects for DC-SIGN+ but not for
Langerin+ cell lines. Mechanistic investigations combining
NMR spectroscopy with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations
led to the identification of a secondary binding pocket for the glycomimetics.
This pocket, located remotely of DC-SIGN’s carbohydrate bindings
site, can be leveraged by heteromultivalent avidity enhancement. We
further present preliminary evidence that the aglycone allosterically
activates glycan recognition and thereby contributes to DC-SIGN-specific
cell targeting. Our findings have important implications for both
translational and basic glycoscience, showcasing heteromultivalent
targeting of DCs to improve specificity and supporting potential allosteric
regulation of DC-SIGN and CLRs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wawrzinek
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Lefebre
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mareike Rentzsch
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunnar Bachem
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gary Domeniconi
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix F Fuchsberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hengxi Zhang
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Modenutti
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lennart Schnirch
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcelo A Marti
- Departamento de Química Biológica e IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Bräutigam
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mónica Guberman
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk Hauck
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Campus Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Seitz
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt University of Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, Campus Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,University of Vienna, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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20
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Montes-Robledo A, Baldiris-Avila R, Galindo JF. D-Mannoside FimH Inhibitors as Non-Antibiotic Alternatives for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091072. [PMID: 34572654 PMCID: PMC8465801 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FimH is a type I fimbria of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), recognized for its ability to adhere and infect epithelial urinary tissue. Due to its role in the virulence of UPEC, several therapeutic strategies have focused on the study of FimH, including vaccines, mannosides, and molecules that inhibit their assembly. This work has focused on the ability of a set of monosubstituted and disubstituted phenyl mannosides to inhibit FimH. To determine the 3D structure of FimH for our in silico studies, we obtained fifteen sequences by PCR amplification of the fimH gene from 102 UPEC isolates. The fimH sequences in BLAST had a high homology (97–100%) to our UPEC fimH sequences. A search for the three-dimensional crystallographic structure of FimH proteins in the PDB server showed that proteins 4X5P and 4XO9 were found in 10 of the 15 isolates, presenting a 67% influx among our UPEC isolates. We focused on these two proteins to study the stability, free energy, and the interactions with different mannoside ligands. We found that the interactions with the residues of aspartic acid (ASP 54) and glutamine (GLN 133) were significant to the binding stability. The ligands assessed demonstrated high binding affinity and stability with the lectin domain of FimH proteins during the molecular dynamic simulations, based on MM-PBSA analysis. Therefore, our results suggest the potential utility of phenyl mannoside derivatives as FimH inhibitors to mitigate urinary tract infections produced by UPEC; thus, decreasing colonization, disease burden, and the costs of medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Montes-Robledo
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Clínica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 13001, Colombia;
- Maestría en Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 13001, Colombia
| | - Rosa Baldiris-Avila
- Grupo de Investigación Microbiología Clínica y Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 13001, Colombia;
- Maestría en Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 13001, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación CIPTEC, Facultad de Ingeniería, Fundacion Universitaria Tecnologico Comfenalco—Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias 13001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (R.B.-A.); (J.F.G.)
| | - Johan Fabian Galindo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11321, Colombia
- Correspondence: (R.B.-A.); (J.F.G.)
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21
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Exploiting pilus-mediated bacteria-host interactions for health benefits. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:100998. [PMID: 34294411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface pili (or fimbriae) are an important but conspicuous adaptation of several genera and species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These long and non-flagellar multi-subunit adhesins mediate the initial contact that a bacterium has with a host or environment, and thus have come to be regarded as a key colonization factor for virulence activity in pathogens or niche adaptation in commensals. Pili in pathogenic bacteria are well recognized for their roles in the adhesion to host cells, colonization of tissues, and establishment of infection. As an 'anti-adhesive' ploy, targeting pilus-mediated attachment for disruption has become a potentially effective alternative to using antibiotics. In this review, we give a description of the several structurally distinct bacterial pilus types thus far characterized, and as well offer details about the intricacy of their individual structure, assembly, and function. With a molecular understanding of pilus biogenesis and pilus-mediated host interactions also provided, we go on to describe some of the emerging new approaches and compounds that have been recently developed to prevent the adhesion, colonization, and infection of piliated bacterial pathogens.
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22
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Al-Mughaid H, Khazaaleh M. α-d-Mannoside ligands with a valency ranging from one to three: Synthesis and hemagglutination inhibitory properties. Carbohydr Res 2021; 508:108396. [PMID: 34298357 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six mono-, di-, and trivalent α-d-mannopyranosyl conjugates built on aromatic scaffolds were synthesized in excellent yields by Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC). These conjugates were designed to have unique, flexible tails that combine a mid-tail triazole ring, to interact with the tyrosine gate, with a terminal phenyl group armed with benzylic hydroxyl groups to avoid solubility problems as well as to provide options to connect to other supports. Biological evaluation of the prepared conjugates in hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay revealed that potency increases with valency and the trivalent ligand 6d (HAI = 0.005 mM) is approximately sevenfold better than the best meta-oriented monovalent analogues 2d and 4d (HAI ≈ 0.033 mM) and so may serve as a good starting point to find new lead ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Al-Mughaid
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Maha Khazaaleh
- Department of Chemistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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23
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Dussouy C, Lalys PA, Cabanettes A, Lehot V, Deniaud D, Gillon E, Balloy V, Varrot A, Gouin SG. Hexavalent thiofucosides to probe the role of the Aspergillus fumigatus lectin FleA in fungal pathogenicity. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3234-3240. [PMID: 33885578 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00152c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogenic fungus infecting the respiratory system and responsible for a variety of life-threatening lung diseases. A fucose-binding lectin named FleA which has a controversial role in A. fumigatus pathogenesis was recently identified. New chemical probes with high affinity and enzymatic stability are needed to explore the role of FleA in the infection process. In this study, we developed potent FleA antagonists based on optimized and non-hydrolysable thiofucoside ligands. We first synthesized a set of monovalent sugars showing micromolar affinity for FleA by isothermal titration calorimetry. The most potent derivative was co-crystallized with FleA to gain insights into the binding mode in operation. Its chemical multimerization on a cyclodextrin scaffold led to an hexavalent compound with a significantly enhanced binding affinity (Kd = 223 ± 21 nM) thanks to a chelate binding mode. The compound could probe the role of bronchial epithelial cells in a FleA-mediated response to tissue invasion.
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Mousavifar L, Roy R. Recent development in the design of small 'drug-like' and nanoscale glycomimetics against Escherichia coli infections. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2124-2137. [PMID: 33667654 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are involved in several pathological processes. Glycomimetics that can favorably emulate complex carbohydrate structures, while competing with natural ligands as inhibitors, are gaining considerable attention owing to their improved hydrolytic stability, binding affinity, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Of particular interest are the families of α-d-mannopyranoside analogs, which can be used as inhibitors against adherent invasive Escherichia coli infections. Bacterial resistance to modern antibiotics triggers the search for new alternative antibacterial strategies that are less susceptible to acquiring resistance. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the chemical syntheses of this family of compounds, one of which having reached clinical trials against Crohn's disease (CD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mousavifar
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, PO Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada.
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25
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Hatton NE, Baumann CG, Fascione MA. Developments in Mannose-Based Treatments for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Urinary Tract Infections. Chembiochem 2021; 22:613-629. [PMID: 32876368 PMCID: PMC7894189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During their lifetime almost half of women will experience a symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with a further half experiencing a relapse within six months. Currently UTIs are treated with antibiotics, but increasing antibiotic resistance rates highlight the need for new treatments. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of symptomatic UTI cases and thus has become a key pathological target. Adhesion of type one pilus subunit FimH at the surface of UPEC strains to mannose-saturated oligosaccharides located on the urothelium is critical to pathogenesis. Since the identification of FimH as a therapeutic target in the late 1980s, a substantial body of research has been generated focusing on the development of FimH-targeting mannose-based anti-adhesion therapies. In this review we will discuss the design of different classes of these mannose-based compounds and their utility and potential as UPEC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Hatton
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Martin A. Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
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26
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Damalanka VC, Maddirala AR, Janetka JW. Novel approaches to glycomimetic design: development of small molecular weight lectin antagonists. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:513-536. [PMID: 33337918 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1857721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The direct binding of carbohydrates or those presented on glycoproteins or glycolipids to proteins is the primary effector of many biological responses. One class of carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins are important in all forms of life. Their functions in animals include regulating cell adhesion, glycoprotein synthesis, metabolism, and mediating immune system response while in bacteria and viruses a lectin-mediated carbohydrate-protein interaction between host cells and the pathogen initiates pathogenesis of the infection.Areas covered: In this review, the authors outline the structural and functional pathogenesis of lectins from bacteria, amoeba, and humans. Mimics of a carbohydrate are referred to as glycomimetics, which are much smaller in molecular weight and are devised to mimic the key binding interactions of the carbohydrate while also allowing additional contacts with the lectin. This article emphasizes the various approaches used over the past 10-15 years in the rational design of glycomimetic ligands.Expert opinion: Medicinal chemistry efforts enabled by X-ray structural biology have identified small-molecule glycomimetic lectin antagonists that have entered or are nearing clinical trials. A common theme in these strategies is the use of biaryl ring systems to emulate the carbohydrate interactions with the lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu C Damalanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| | - Amarendar Reddy Maddirala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis USA
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27
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McLellan LK, McAllaster MR, Kim AS, Tóthová Ľ, Olson PD, Pinkner JS, Daugherty AL, Hreha TN, Janetka JW, Fremont DH, Hultgren SJ, Virgin HW, Hunstad DA. A host receptor enables type 1 pilus-mediated pathogenesis of Escherichia coli pyelonephritis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009314. [PMID: 33513212 PMCID: PMC7875428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 pili have long been considered the major virulence factor enabling colonization of the urinary bladder by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). The molecular pathogenesis of pyelonephritis is less well characterized, due to previous limitations in preclinical modeling of kidney infection. Here, we demonstrate in a recently developed mouse model that beyond bladder infection, type 1 pili also are critical for establishment of ascending pyelonephritis. Bacterial mutants lacking the type 1 pilus adhesin (FimH) were unable to establish kidney infection in male C3H/HeN mice. We developed an in vitro model of FimH-dependent UPEC binding to renal collecting duct cells, and performed a CRISPR screen in these cells, identifying desmoglein-2 as a primary renal epithelial receptor for FimH. The mannosylated extracellular domain of human DSG2 bound directly to the lectin domain of FimH in vitro, and introduction of a mutation in the FimH mannose-binding pocket abolished binding to DSG2. In infected C3H/HeN mice, type 1-piliated UPEC and Dsg2 were co-localized within collecting ducts, and administration of mannoside FIM1033, a potent small-molecule inhibitor of FimH, significantly attenuated bacterial loads in pyelonephritis. Our results broaden the biological importance of FimH, specify the first renal FimH receptor, and indicate that FimH-targeted therapeutics will also have application in pyelonephritis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. While much has been discovered about how E. coli cause bladder infections, less is known about the host-pathogen interactions that underlie kidney infection (pyelonephritis). We employed recently developed mouse models to show that bacterial surface fibers called type 1 pili, which bear the adhesive protein FimH and are known to mediate E. coli binding to bladder epithelium, are also required for ascending kidney infection. We developed a cell-culture model of bacterial binding to renal collecting duct, then performed a screen using the gene-editing tool CRISPR to identify the first known FimH receptor in the kidney. This epithelial cell-surface protein, desmoglein-2, was shown to directly bind FimH, and we localized this binding to specific extracellular domains of DSG2. Further, we showed that mannosides, small-molecule FimH inhibitors currently in development to treat bladder infection, are also effective in experimental kidney infection. Our study reveals a novel host-pathogen interaction during pyelonephritis and demonstrates how this interaction may be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K. McLellan
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael R. McAllaster
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ľubomíra Tóthová
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick D. Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jerome S. Pinkner
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Allyssa L. Daugherty
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Teri N. Hreha
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James W. Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daved H. Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David A. Hunstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Fazly Bazzaz BS, Darvishi Fork S, Ahmadi R, Khameneh B. Deep insights into urinary tract infections and effective natural remedies. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-020-00111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common occurrence in females, during pregnancy, and in peri- and postmenopausal women.
UTIs are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and they affect the quality of life of the affected patients. Antibiotic therapy is an effective approach and reduces the duration of symptoms. Development of resistance, adverse effects of antibiotics, and other associated problems lead to establishing the research framework to find out the alternative approaches in controlling UTIs. Natural approaches have been extensively used for the management of various diseases to improve symptoms and also improve general health.
Main body
Different databases were employed to identify studies reporting on natural options including herbal medicines, vitamins, trace elementals, sugars, and probiotics without time limitations.
Conclusion
Herbal medicines can be effective at the first sign of the infection and also for short-term prophylaxis. Using vitamins, trace elementals, and/or sugars is an effective approach in preventing UTIs, and a combination of them with other antibacterial agents shows positive results. Probiotics have great potential for the threat of antibiotic over-usage and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This study may be of use in developing the efficient formulation of treatment of UTI.
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29
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Huemer M, Mairpady Shambat S, Brugger SD, Zinkernagel AS. Antibiotic resistance and persistence-Implications for human health and treatment perspectives. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e51034. [PMID: 33400359 PMCID: PMC7726816 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and persistence are associated with an elevated risk of treatment failure and relapsing infections. They are thus important drivers of increased morbidity and mortality rates resulting in growing healthcare costs. Antibiotic resistance is readily identifiable with standard microbiological assays, and the threat imposed by antibiotic resistance has been well recognized. Measures aiming to reduce resistance development and spreading of resistant bacteria are being enforced. However, the phenomenon of bacteria surviving antibiotic exposure despite being fully susceptible, so-called antibiotic persistence, is still largely underestimated. In contrast to antibiotic resistance, antibiotic persistence is difficult to measure and therefore often missed, potentially leading to treatment failures. In this review, we focus on bacterial mechanisms allowing evasion of antibiotic killing and discuss their implications on human health. We describe the relationship between antibiotic persistence and bacterial heterogeneity and discuss recent studies that link bacterial persistence and tolerance with the evolution of antibiotic resistance. Finally, we review persister detection methods, novel strategies aiming at eradicating bacterial persisters and the latest advances in the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Huemer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Srikanth Mairpady Shambat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Silvio D Brugger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital EpidemiologyUniversity Hospital ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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30
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Sarshar M, Behzadi P, Ambrosi C, Zagaglia C, Palamara AT, Scribano D. FimH and Anti-Adhesive Therapeutics: A Disarming Strategy Against Uropathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E397. [PMID: 32664222 PMCID: PMC7400442 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-usher fimbrial adhesins are powerful weapons against the uropathogens that allow the establishment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). As the antibiotic therapeutic strategy has become less effective in the treatment of uropathogen-related UTIs, the anti-adhesive molecules active against fimbrial adhesins, key determinants of urovirulence, are attractive alternatives. The best-characterized bacterial adhesin is FimH, produced by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Hence, a number of high-affinity mono- and polyvalent mannose-based FimH antagonists, characterized by different bioavailabilities, have been reported. Given that antagonist affinities are firmly associated with the functional heterogeneities of different FimH variants, several FimH inhibitors have been developed using ligand-drug discovery strategies to generate high-affinity molecules for successful anti-adhesion therapy. As clinical trials have shown d-mannose's efficacy in UTIs prevention, it is supposed that mannosides could be a first-in-class strategy not only for UTIs, but also to combat other Gram-negative bacterial infections. Therefore, the current review discusses valuable and effective FimH anti-adhesive molecules active against UTIs, from design and synthesis to in vitro and in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia- Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
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31
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Loubet P, Ranfaing J, Dinh A, Dunyach-Remy C, Bernard L, Bruyère F, Lavigne JP, Sotto A. Alternative Therapeutic Options to Antibiotics for the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1509. [PMID: 32719668 PMCID: PMC7350282 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) mainly caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), are common bacterial infections. Many individuals suffer from chronically recurring UTIs, sometimes requiring long-term prophylactic antibiotic regimens. The global emergence of multi-drug resistant uropathogens in the last decade underlines the need for alternative non-antibiotic therapeutic and preventative strategies against UTIs. The research on non-antibiotic therapeutic options in UTIs has focused on the following phases of the pathogenesis: colonization, adherence of pathogens to uroepithelial cell receptors and invasion. In this review, we discuss vaccines, small compounds, nutraceuticals, immunomodulating agents, probiotics and bacteriophages, highlighting the challenges each of these approaches face. Most of these treatments show interesting but only preliminary results. Lactobacillus-containing products and cranberry products in conjunction with propolis have shown the most robust results to date and appear to be the most promising new alternative to currently used antibiotics. Larger efficacy clinical trials as well as studies on the interplay between non-antibiotic therapies, uropathogens and the host immune system are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Loubet
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Jérémy Ranfaing
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Aurélien Dinh
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Louis Bernard
- PRES Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Franck Bruyère
- PRES Centre Val de Loire, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.,Service d'Urologie, CHU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Albert Sotto
- VBMI, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
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32
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Zhu Z, Chen Y, Li S, Lin H, Qin G, Cai C. Ortho-Substituted α-Phenyl Mannoside Derivatives Promoted Early-Stage Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of E. coli 83972. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21300-21310. [PMID: 32107915 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b17868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) over long-term usage of urinary catheters remains a great challenge. Bacterial interference using nonpathogenic bacteria, such as E. coli 83972, have been investigated in many pilot-scale clinical studies as a potentially nonantibiotic based strategy for CAUTI prevention. We have demonstrated that preforming a dense and stable biofilm of the nonpathogenic E. coli greatly enhances their capability to prevent pathogen colonization. Such nonpathogenic biofilms were formed by E. coli 83972 expressing type 1 fimbriae (fim+ E. coli 83972) on mannoside-presenting surfaces. In this work, we report the synthesis of a series of mannoside derivatives with a wide range of binding affinities, all being equipped with a handle for covalent attachment to silicone surfaces. We established a high-throughput competitive assay based on mannoside-modified particles and flow-cytometry to directly measure the binding affinity between the mannoside ligands and fim+ E. coli 83972. We demonstrated that the bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation were strongly correlated to the binding affinity of the immobilized mannoside ligands. Mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis indicated a substantial difference in the proteome of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secreted by biofilms on different mannoside surfaces, which might be related to the biofilm stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Siheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Department of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, Texas 77002, United States
| | - Guoting Qin
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chengzhi Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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33
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Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol 2020; 18:211-226. [PMID: 32071440 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-020-0324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, recurrent infections that can be mild to life-threatening. The continued emergence of antibiotic resistance, together with our increasing understanding of the detrimental effects conferred by broad-spectrum antibiotic use on the health of the beneficial microbiota of the host, has underscored the weaknesses in our current treatment paradigm for UTIs. In this Review, we discuss how recent microbiological, structural, genetic and immunological studies have expanded our understanding of host-pathogen interactions during UTI pathogenesis. These basic scientific findings have the potential to shift the strategy for UTI treatment away from broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting conserved aspects of bacterial replication towards pathogen-specific antibiotic-sparing therapeutics that target core determinants of bacterial virulence at the host-pathogen interface.
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34
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Gaertner K, von Ammon K, Frei-Erb M. Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in Women with Recurrent Cystitis: A Retrospective Case Series. Complement Med Res 2020; 27:193-199. [PMID: 31945769 DOI: 10.1159/000504317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent urinary tract infections are of importance for public health as most clinicians are faced with repeated and long-term administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents leading to an increased risk of resistant bacteria. One encouraging treatment approach may be individualized homeopathy. CASE REPORTS Here, four female cases with recurrent urinary tract infections are reported. They were treated successfully with the homeopathic strategy after several conventional approaches revealed no improvement. The follow-up period was a minimum of 3 years and the frequency of episodes with urinary tract infection as well as of antibiotic treatment was documented. Additionally, the patients were asked to assess the treatment outcome retrospectively in a validated questionnaire. RESULTS The treatment resulted in a reduction of urinary tract infections and the need for antibiotics from monthly to less than 3 times a year. Three of the four women had no cystitis and related intake of antibiotics for more than 1.5 years. A relapse of symptoms could be treated efficiently with a repetition of the homeopathic remedy. All subjective outcome assessments resulted positive. CONCLUSION This case series suggests a possible benefit of individualized homeopathic treatment for female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Larger observational studies and controlled investigations are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gaertner
- University of Witten/Herdecke, Faculty of Health Sciences, Witten, Germany,
| | - Klaus von Ammon
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine IKIM, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Frei-Erb
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine IKIM, Bern, Switzerland
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35
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Scribano D, Sarshar M, Prezioso C, Lucarelli M, Angeloni A, Zagaglia C, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. d-Mannose Treatment neither Affects Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Properties nor Induces Stable FimH Modifications. Molecules 2020; 25:E316. [PMID: 31941080 PMCID: PMC7024335 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are mainly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Acute and recurrent UTIs are commonly treated with antibiotics, the efficacy of which is limited by the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. The natural sugar d-mannose is considered as an alternative to antibiotics due to its ability to mask the bacterial adhesin FimH, thereby preventing its binding to urothelial cells. Despite its extensive use, the possibility that d-mannose exerts "antibiotic-like" activity by altering bacterial growth and metabolism or selecting FimH variants has not been investigated yet. To this aim, main bacterial features of the prototype UPEC strain CFT073 treated with d-mannose were analyzed by standard microbiological methods. FimH functionality was analyzed by yeast agglutination and human bladder cell adhesion assays. Our results indicate that high d-mannose concentrations have no effect on bacterial growth and do not interfere with the activity of different antibiotics. d-mannose ranked as the least preferred carbon source to support bacterial metabolism and growth, in comparison with d-glucose, d-fructose, and l-arabinose. Since small glucose amounts are physiologically detectable in urine, we can conclude that the presence of d-mannose is irrelevant for bacterial metabolism. Moreover, d-mannose removal after long-term exposure did not alter FimH's capacity to bind to mannosylated proteins. Overall, our data indicate that d-mannose is a good alternative in the prevention and treatment of UPEC-related UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (C.P.); (C.Z.)
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.P.)
- Microbiology Research Center (MRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Carla Prezioso
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (C.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.A.)
- Pasteur Institute Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Carlo Zagaglia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.S.); (C.P.); (C.Z.)
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.T.P.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
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Vaca DJ, Thibau A, Schütz M, Kraiczy P, Happonen L, Malmström J, Kempf VAJ. Interaction with the host: the role of fibronectin and extracellular matrix proteins in the adhesion of Gram-negative bacteria. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 209:277-299. [PMID: 31784893 PMCID: PMC7248048 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The capacity of pathogenic microorganisms to adhere to host cells and avoid clearance by the host immune system is the initial and most decisive step leading to infections. Bacteria have developed different strategies to attach to diverse host surface structures. One important strategy is the adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (e.g., collagen, fibronectin, laminin) that are highly abundant in connective tissue and basement membranes. Gram-negative bacteria express variable outer membrane proteins (adhesins) to attach to the host and to initiate the process of infection. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of bacterial adhesion is a prerequisite for targeting this interaction by “anti-ligands” to prevent colonization or infection of the host. Future development of such “anti-ligands” (specifically interfering with bacteria-host matrix interactions) might result in the development of a new class of anti-infective drugs for the therapy of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the manifold interactions of adhesins expressed by Gram-negative bacteria with ECM proteins and the use of this information for the generation of novel therapeutic antivirulence strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana J Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Monika Schütz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Eberhard Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 40, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Mousavifar L, Vergoten G, Charron G, Roy R. Comparative Study of Aryl O-, C-, and S-Mannopyranosides as Potential Adhesion Inhibitors toward Uropathogenic E. coli FimH. Molecules 2019; 24:E3566. [PMID: 31581627 PMCID: PMC6804135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of three mannopyranoside possessing identical 1,1'-biphenyl glycosidic pharmacophore but different aglyconic atoms were synthesized using either a palladium-catalyzed Heck cross coupling reaction or a metathesis reaction between their corresponding allylic glycoside derivatives. Their X-ray structures, together with their calculated 3D structures, showed strong indicators to explain the observed relative binding abilities against E. coli FimH as measured by a improved surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method. Amongst the O-, C-, and S-linked analogs, the C-linked analog showed the best ability to become a lead candidate as antagonist against uropathogenic E. coli with a Kd of 11.45 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mousavifar
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Glycovax Pharma Inc., 424 Guy, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec H3J 1S6, Canada.
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), UMR8576 du CNRS, Université de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Guillaume Charron
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Glycovax Pharma Inc., 424 Guy, Suite 202, Montreal, Quebec H3J 1S6, Canada.
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Vila J, Moreno-Morales J, Ballesté-Delpierre C. Current landscape in the discovery of novel antibacterial agents. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:596-603. [PMID: 31574341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard treatments against bacterial infections are becoming ineffective due to the rise of antibacterial resistance worldwide. Classical approaches to develop new antibacterial agents are not sufficient to fulfil the current pipeline, therefore new strategies are currently being devised in the field of antibacterial discovery. OBJECTIVES The objective of this narrative review is to compile the most successful strategies for drug discovery within the antibacterial context that are currently being pursued. SOURCES Peer-reviewed publications from the MEDLINE database with robust data addressing the discovery of new antibacterial agents in the current pipeline have been selected. CONTENT Several strategies to discover new antibacterials are described in this review: (i) derivatives of known antibacterial agents; the activity of a known antimicrobial agent can be improved through two strategies: (a) the modification of the original chemical structure of an antimicrobial agent to circumvent antibacterial resistance mechanisms and (b) the development of a compound that inhibits the mechanisms of resistance to an antibacterial agent; (ii) new antibacterial agents targeting new proteins; (iii) inhibitors of virulence factors; (iv) nanoparticles; (v) antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics; (vi) phage therapy and enzybiotics; and (vii) antisense oligonucleotides. IMPLICATIONS This review intends to provide a positive message affirming that several different strategies to design new antibacterial agents are currently being developed, and we are therefore confident that in the near future some of the most promising approaches will come to fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vila
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Centre for Biomedical Diagnosis, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - J Moreno-Morales
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Many important interactions between bacterial pathogens and their hosts are highly specific binding events that involve host or pathogen carbohydrate structures (glycans). Glycan interactions can mediate adhesion, invasion and immune evasion and can act as receptors for toxins. Several bacterial pathogens can also enzymatically alter host glycans to reveal binding targets, degrade the host cell glycans or alter the function of host glycoproteins. In recent years, high-throughput screening technologies, such as lectin, glycan and mucin microarrays, have transformed the field by identifying new bacterial-host glycointeractions, which are crucial for colonization, persistence and disease. In this Review, we discuss interactions involving both host and bacterial glycans that have a role in bacterial pathogenesis. We also highlight recent technological advances that have illuminated the glycoscience of microbial pathogenesis.
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Bioisosteres of Carbohydrate Functional Groups in Glycomimetic Design. Biomimetics (Basel) 2019; 4:biomimetics4030053. [PMID: 31357673 PMCID: PMC6784292 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics4030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant presentation of carbohydrates has been linked to a number of diseases, such as cancer metastasis and immune dysregulation. These altered glycan structures represent a target for novel therapies by modulating their associated interactions with neighboring cells and molecules. Although these interactions are highly specific, native carbohydrates are characterized by very low affinities and inherently poor pharmacokinetic properties. Glycomimetic compounds, which mimic the structure and function of native glycans, have been successful in producing molecules with improved pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) features. Several strategies have been developed for glycomimetic design such as ligand pre-organization or reducing polar surface area. A related approach to developing glycomimetics relies on the bioisosteric replacement of carbohydrate functional groups. These changes can offer improvements to both binding affinity (e.g., reduced desolvation costs, enhanced metal chelation) and pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., improved oral bioavailability). Several examples of bioisosteric modifications to carbohydrates have been reported; this review aims to consolidate them and presents different possibilities for enhancing core interactions in glycomimetics.
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Abstract
The chaperone-usher (CU) pathway is a conserved secretion system dedicated to the assembly of a superfamily of virulence-associated surface structures by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. Pilus biogenesis by the CU pathway requires two specialized assembly components: a dedicated periplasmic chaperone and an integral outer membrane assembly and secretion platform termed the usher. The CU pathway assembles a variety of surface fibers, ranging from thin, flexible filaments to rigid, rod-like organelles. Pili typically act as adhesins and function as virulence factors that mediate contact with host cells and colonization of host tissues. Pilus-mediated adhesion is critical for early stages of infection, allowing bacteria to establish a foothold within the host. Pili are also involved in modulation of host cell signaling pathways, bacterial invasion into host cells, and biofilm formation. Pili are critical for initiating and sustaining infection and thus represent attractive targets for the development of antivirulence therapeutics. Such therapeutics offer a promising alternative to broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide a means to combat antibiotic resistance and treat infection while preserving the beneficial microbiota. A number of strategies have been taken to develop antipilus therapeutics, including vaccines against pilus proteins, competitive inhibitors of pilus-mediated adhesion, and small molecules that disrupt pilus biogenesis. Here we provide an overview of the function and assembly of CU pili and describe current efforts aimed at interfering with these critical virulence structures.
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42
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In vitro efficacy of phytotherapeutics suggested for prevention and therapy of urinary tract infections. Infection 2019; 47:937-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-019-01315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Strategies for the Development of Glycomimetic Drug Candidates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020055. [PMID: 30978966 PMCID: PMC6631974 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are a structurally-diverse group of natural products which play an important role in numerous biological processes, including immune regulation, infection, and cancer metastasis. Many diseases have been correlated with changes in the composition of cell-surface glycans, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic target. Unfortunately, native carbohydrates suffer from inherently weak binding affinities and poor pharmacokinetic properties. To enhance their usefulness as drug candidates, 'glycomimetics' have been developed: more drug-like compounds which mimic the structure and function of native carbohydrates. Approaches to improve binding affinities (e.g., deoxygenation, pre-organization) and pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., limiting metabolic degradation, improving permeability) have been highlighted in this review, accompanied by relevant examples. By utilizing these strategies, high-affinity ligands with optimized properties can be rationally designed and used to address therapies for novel carbohydrate-binding targets.
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Dinh A, Davido B, Duran C, Bouchand F, Gaillard JL, Even A, Denys P, Chartier-Kastler E, Bernard L. Urinary tract infections in patients with neurogenic bladder. Med Mal Infect 2019; 49:495-504. [PMID: 30885540 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with neurogenic bladder are a major public health issue due to their high incidence and major consequences. Despite their frequency and potential severity, their physiopathology and management are poorly known. We provide a narrative literature review on the epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnostic criteria, microbiology, antimicrobial management, and prevention. UTIs among patients with neurogenic bladder are associated with high morbidity and healthcare utilization. Risk factors for UTI among this population are: indwelling catheter, urinary stasis, high bladder pressure, and bladder stones. Their diagnosis is a major challenge as clinical signs are often non-specific and rare. A urinary sample should be analyzed in appropriate conditions before any antibiotic prescription. According to most guidelines, a bacterial threshold≥103CFU/ml associated with symptoms is acceptable to define UTI in patients with neurogenic bladder. The management of acute symptomatic UTI is not evidence-based. A management with a single agent and a short antibiotic treatment of 10 days or less seems effective. Antibiotic selection should be based on the patient's resistance patterns. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should not be treated to avoid the emergence of bacterial resistance. Regarding preventive measures, use of clean intermittent catheterization, intravesical botulinum toxin injection, and prevention using antibiotic cycling are effective. Bacterial interference is promising but randomized controlled trials are needed. Large ongoing cohorts and randomized controlled trials should soon provide more evidence-based data.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dinh
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital R. Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest (HU-PIFO), AP-HP, UVSQ, 104, boulevard R.-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France.
| | - B Davido
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital R. Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest (HU-PIFO), AP-HP, UVSQ, 104, boulevard R.-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - C Duran
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital R. Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest (HU-PIFO), AP-HP, UVSQ, 104, boulevard R.-Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - F Bouchand
- Pharmacie, hôpital R.-Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest, AP-HP, UVSQ, 92380 Garches, France
| | - J-L Gaillard
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, hôpital R.-Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest, AP-HP, UVSQ, 92380 Garches, France
| | - A Even
- Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital R.-Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest, AP-HP, UVSQ, 92380 Garches, France
| | - P Denys
- Service de neuro-urologie, hôpital R.-Poincaré, hôpitaux universitaires Paris Île de France Ouest, AP-HP, UVSQ, 92380 Garches, France
| | - E Chartier-Kastler
- Service d'urologie, hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, AP-HP, université Paris VI, 75013 Paris, France
| | - L Bernard
- Département des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Bretonneau, université F.-Rabelais, 37000 Tours, France
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Wałejko P, Bukowicki J, Dobrzycki Ł, Socha P, Paradowska K. Phenyl glycosides – Solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction and conformational analysis using genetic algorithm. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Schönemann W, Cramer J, Mühlethaler T, Fiege B, Silbermann M, Rabbani S, Dätwyler P, Zihlmann P, Jakob RP, Sager CP, Smieško M, Schwardt O, Maier T, Ernst B. Improvement of Aglycone π-Stacking Yields Nanomolar to Sub-nanomolar FimH Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:749-757. [PMID: 30710416 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious concern for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In this context, an anti-adhesive approach targeting FimH, a bacterial lectin enabling the attachment of E. coli to host cells, has attracted considerable interest. FimH can adopt a low/medium-affinity state in the absence and a high-affinity state in the presence of shear forces. Until recently, mostly the high-affinity state has been investigated, despite the fact that a therapeutic antagonist should bind predominantly to the low-affinity state. In this communication, we demonstrate that fluorination of biphenyl α-d-mannosides leads to compounds with perfect π-π stacking interactions with the tyrosine gate of FimH, yielding low nanomolar to sub-nanomolar KD values for the low- and high-affinity states, respectively. The face-to-face alignment of the perfluorinated biphenyl group of FimH ligands and Tyr48 was confirmed by crystal structures as well as 1 H,15 N-HSQC NMR analysis. Finally, fluorination improves pharmacokinetic parameters predictive for oral availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Schönemann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Cramer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Fiege
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marleen Silbermann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Said Rabbani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Dätwyler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Zihlmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Department Biozentrum, Focal Area Structural Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph P Sager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Smieško
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Schwardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Maier
- Department Biozentrum, Focal Area Structural Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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47
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Ribić R, Meštrović T, Neuberg M, Kozina G. Proposed dual antagonist approach for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:17-20. [PMID: 30798908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases worldwide, primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains that harbor type I pili and P pili on the surface. Standard E. coli therapy still entails antibiotic consumption, but urinary tract infections tend to recur at a very high rate. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of UPEC, as well as high infection recurrence rates, there is a need for new approaches to efficiently treat and prevent urinary tract infections. Since aforementioned adhesive organelles are the principal virulence factors in UPEC, anti-adhesion strategy seems to be the most promising (and hitherto unexplored) treatment option. Here we propose an antiadhesive dual targeting approach towards FimH and PapG adhesive proteins placed on two key virulence factors for UPEC - type I fimbriae and P pili. Such dual antagonists will contain appropriate pharmacophores (mannose and natural cranberry-containing polyphenol) joined together and will more efficiently block the infection and prevent the progression of the disease in comparison to FimH and PapG as isolated targets. More specifically, polyphenol mannosides (due to the structural similarities with the most potent biaryl inhibitors) can act as high-affinity FimH ligands, while cranberry-associated polyphenol moiety can additionally inhibit the PapG-mediated adhesion. Proposed compound may also contribute to the antioxidant capacity of the human organism. In conclusion, this dual-target hypothesis for the prevention and treatment of UPEC infections represents an important foundation for further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Ribić
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 104. Brigade 3, 42 000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozić", Bosutska 19, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijana Neuberg
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 104. Brigade 3, 42 000 Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Goran Kozina
- University Centre Varaždin, University North, 104. Brigade 3, 42 000 Varaždin, Croatia
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48
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Cauwel M, Sivignon A, Bridot C, Nongbe MC, Deniaud D, Roubinet B, Landemarre L, Felpin FX, Bouckaert J, Barnich N, Gouin SG. Heptylmannose-functionalized cellulose for the binding and specific detection of pathogenic E. coli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10158-10161. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05545b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We developed a chemical method to covalently functionalize cellulose nanofibers and cellulose paper with mannoside ligands displaying a strong affinity for the FimH adhesin from pathogenic E. coli strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Cauwel
- Université de Nantes
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation
- UMR CNRS 6230
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
| | - Adeline Sivignon
- Clermont Université
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d’Auvergne
- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Clarisse Bridot
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF)
- UMR8576 CNRS
- Lille 59000
- France
| | - Medy C. Nongbe
- Université de Nantes
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation
- UMR CNRS 6230
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
| | - David Deniaud
- Université de Nantes
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation
- UMR CNRS 6230
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
| | - Benoit Roubinet
- Glycodiag, Bâtiment Physique-Chimie
- 45067 Orléans cedex 2
- France
| | | | - François-Xavier Felpin
- Université de Nantes
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation
- UMR CNRS 6230
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF)
- UMR8576 CNRS
- Lille 59000
- France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Clermont Université
- UMR 1071 Inserm/Université d’Auvergne
- 63000 Clermont-Ferrand
- France
| | - Sébastien G. Gouin
- Université de Nantes
- CEISAM
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité, Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation
- UMR CNRS 6230
- UFR des Sciences et des Techniques
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49
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Sauer MM, Jakob RP, Luber T, Canonica F, Navarra G, Ernst B, Unverzagt C, Maier T, Glockshuber R. Binding of the Bacterial Adhesin FimH to Its Natural, Multivalent High-Mannose Type Glycan Targets. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:936-944. [PMID: 30543411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent carbohydrate-lectin interactions at host-pathogen interfaces play a crucial role in the establishment of infections. Although competitive antagonists that prevent pathogen adhesion are promising antimicrobial drugs, the molecular mechanisms underlying these complex adhesion processes are still poorly understood. Here, we characterize the interactions between the fimbrial adhesin FimH from uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains and its natural high-mannose type N-glycan binding epitopes on uroepithelial glycoproteins. Crystal structures and a detailed kinetic characterization of ligand-binding and dissociation revealed that the binding pocket of FimH evolved such that it recognizes the terminal α(1-2)-, α(1-3)-, and α(1-6)-linked mannosides of natural high-mannose type N-glycans with similar affinity. We demonstrate that the 2000-fold higher affinity of the domain-separated state of FimH compared to its domain-associated state is ligand-independent and consistent with a thermodynamic cycle in which ligand-binding shifts the association equilibrium between the FimH lectin and the FimH pilin domain. Moreover, we show that a single N-glycan can bind up to three molecules of FimH, albeit with negative cooperativity, so that a molar excess of accessible N-glycans over FimH on the cell surface favors monovalent FimH binding. Our data provide pivotal insights into the adhesion properties of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains to their target receptors and a solid basis for the development of effective FimH antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Sauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Roman P Jakob
- Biozentrum , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Luber
- Bioorganische Chemie , University of Bayreuth , D-95440 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Fabia Canonica
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Giulio Navarra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Beat Ernst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Carlo Unverzagt
- Bioorganische Chemie , University of Bayreuth , D-95440 Bayreuth , Germany
| | - Timm Maier
- Biozentrum , University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70 , CH-4056 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Rudi Glockshuber
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biophysics , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 5 , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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Mousavifar L, Touaibia M, Roy R. Development of Mannopyranoside Therapeutics against Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Infections. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:2937-2948. [PMID: 30289687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Preventing bacterial adhesion to host cells is a provocative and alternative approach to traditional antibiotic treatments given the increasing microbial resistance. A brief overview of common antibiotic treatments is described in light of their respective resistance and remaining susceptibility. This strategy has been seriously considered in the context of adherent-invasive infections in Crohn's disease and urinary tract infections in particular. The adhesions of various pathogenic Escherichia coli strains to host cells are primarily mediated through carbohydrate-protein interactions involving bacterial organelles called fimbriae that can recognize specific glycoconjugate receptors on host cells. Of particular interest are the FimH and PapG fimbriae, which bind to mannosylated glycoproteins and glycolipids of the galabiose series, respectively. Therefore, blocking FimH- and PapG-mediated bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cells by high-affinity carbohydrate antagonists constitutes a challenging therapeutic target of high interest. This is of particular interest since bacterial adhesion to host cells is a parameter unlikely to be the subject of bacterial mutations without affecting the carbohydrate ligand binding interactions at the basis of the recognition and infection processes. To date, there have been several families of potent FimH antagonists that include natural O-linked as well as unnatural analogues of α-d-mannopyranosides. These observations led to a thorough understanding of the intimate binding site interactions that helped to reveal the so-called "tyrosine gate mechanism" at the origin of the strong necessary interactions with sugar-possessing hydrophobic aglycones. By modification of the aglycones of single monosaccharidic d-mannopyranosides, it was possible to replace the natural complex oligomannoside structure by simpler ones. An appealing and successful series of analogues have been disclosed, including nanomolecular architectures such as dendrimers, polymers, and liposomes. In addition, the data were compared to the above multivalent architectures and confirmed the possibility of working with small sugar candidates. This Account primarily concentrates on the most promising types of FimH inhibitors belonging to the family of α-C-linked mannopyranosides. However, one of the drawbacks associated with C-mannopyranosides has been that they were believed to be in the inverted chair conformation, which is obviously not recognized by the E. coli FimH. To decipher this situation, various synthetic approaches, conformational aspects, and restrictions are discussed using molecular modeling, high-field NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis. These combined techniques pointed to the fact that several α-C-linked mannopyranosides do exist in the required 4C1 chair conformation. Ultimately, recent findings in this growing field of interest culminated in the identification of drug candidates that have reached clinical phase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mousavifar
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - René Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, 531 boul. des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
- Glycovax Pharma Inc., 424 Guy, Suite 202, Montréal, Québec H3J 1S6, Canada
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