1
|
Capilato JN, Lectka T. Arene Amination Instead of Fluorination: Substitution Pattern Governs the Reactivity of Dialkoxybenzenes with Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5771-5777. [PMID: 33787260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arene substitution patterns are well-known to affect the regioselectivity of a given transformation but not necessarily the type of reactivity. Herein, we report that the substitution pattern of alkoxyarenes dictates whether a putative one-electron or two-electron reaction predominates in reactions with Selectfluor. A series of amination products is presented, resulting from the single-electron oxidation of electron-rich arenes followed by direct C-H to C-N bond formation. We demonstrate the ability of this transformation to synthesize medicinally and biologically relevant nitrogen heterocycles. Lastly, this unusual "mechanistic switch" is probed with computational chemistry and competition experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph N Capilato
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Interaction of Ligands for PET with the Dopamine D3 Receptor: In Silico and In Vitro Methods. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040529. [PMID: 33918451 PMCID: PMC8065765 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[18F]Fallypride and [18F]Fluortriopride (FTP) are two different PET radiotracers that bind with sub-nanomolar affinity to the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R). In spite of their similar D3 affinities, the two PET ligands display very different properties for labeling the D3R in vivo: [18F]Fallypride is capable of binding to D3R under "baseline" conditions, whereas [18F]FTP requires the depletion of synaptic dopamine in order to image the receptor in vivo. These data suggest that [18F]Fallypride is able to compete with synaptic dopamine for binding to the D3R, whereas [18F]FTP is not. The goal of this study was to conduct a series of docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies to identify differences in the ability of each molecule to interact with the D3R that could explain these differences with respect to competition with synaptic dopamine. Competition studies measuring the ability of each ligand to compete with dopamine in the β-arrestin assay were also conducted. The results of the in silico studies indicate that FTP has a weaker interaction with the orthosteric binding site of the D3R versus that of Fallypride. The results of the in silico studies were also consistent with the IC50 values of each compound in the dopamine β-arrestin competition assays. The results of this study indicate that in silico methods may be able to predict the ability of a small molecule to compete with synaptic dopamine for binding to the D3R.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kilbourn MR. 11C- and 18F-Radiotracers for In Vivo Imaging of the Dopamine System: Past, Present and Future. Biomedicines 2021; 9:108. [PMID: 33499179 PMCID: PMC7912183 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The applications of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to study brain biochemistry, and in particular the aspects of dopamine neurotransmission, have grown significantly over the 40 years since the first successful in vivo imaging studies in humans. In vivo PET imaging of dopaminergic functions of the central nervous system (CNS) including dopamine synthesis, vesicular storage, synaptic release and receptor binding, and reuptake processes, are now routinely used for studies in neurology, psychiatry, drug abuse and addiction, and drug development. Underlying these advances in PET imaging has been the development of the unique radiotracers labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides such as carbon-11 and fluorine-18. This review focuses on a selection of the more accepted and utilized PET radiotracers currently available, with a look at their past, present and future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Focused ultrasound for opening blood-brain barrier and drug delivery monitored with positron emission tomography. J Control Release 2020; 324:303-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
5
|
Willmann M, Ermert J, Prante O, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Neumaier B. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled dopamine D 4-receptor ligands. Nucl Med Biol 2020; 92:43-52. [PMID: 32718750 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dopamine D4 receptor (D4R) has attracted considerable attention as potential target for the treatment of a broad range of central nervous system disorders. Although many efforts have been made to improve the performance of putative radioligand candidates, there is still a lack of D4R selective tracers suitable for in vivo PET imaging. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop a D4-selective PET ligand for clinical applications. METHODS Four compounds based on previous and new lead structures were prepared and characterized with regard to their D4R subtype selectivity and predicted lipophilicity. From these, 3-((4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine I and (S)-4-(3-fluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-(phenoxymethyl)morpholine II were selected for labeling with fluorine-18 and subsequent evaluation by in vitro autoradiography to assess their suitability as D4 radioligand candidates for in vivo imaging. RESULTS The radiosynthesis of [18F]I and [18F]II was successfully achieved by copper-mediated radiofluorination with radiochemical yields of 7% and 66%, respectively. The radioligand [18F]II showed specific binding in areas where D4 expression is expected, whereas [18F]I did not show any uptake in distinct brain regions and exhibited an unacceptable degree of non-specific binding. CONCLUSIONS The compounds studied exhibited high D4R subtype selectivity and logP values compatible with high brain uptake, but only ligand [18F]II showed low non-specific binding and is therefore a good candidate for further evaluation. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The discovery of new lead structures for high-affinity D4 ligands opens up new possibilities for the development of suitable PET-radioligands. IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT PET-imaging of dopamine D4-receptors could facilitate understanding, diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Willmann
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Olaf Prante
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Translational Research Center, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany; University of Colgne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zlatopolskiy BD, Zischler J, Krapf P, Richarz R, Lauchner K, Neumaier B. Minimalist approach meets green chemistry: Synthesis of 18 F- labeled (hetero)aromatics in pure ethanol. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 62:404-410. [PMID: 31162691 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The application of toxic solvents and additives is inevitable for most of the described protocols for 18 F-labeling. Herein, a novel "green" procedure for nucleophilic aromatic radiofluorination of highly activated (hetero)aromatic substrates in pure EtOH is described. Using this method a series of 18 F-labeled (hetero)arenes have been synthesized in radiochemical yields (RCYs) of up to 97%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boris D Zlatopolskiy
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Zischler
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Krapf
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raphael Richarz
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Lauchner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pauton M, Aubert C, Bluet G, Gruss-Leleu F, Roy S, Perrio C. Development, Optimization, and Scope of the Radiosynthesis of 3/5-[18F]Fluoropyridines from Readily Prepared Aryl(pyridinyl) Iodonium Salts: The Importance of TEMPO and K2CO3. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Pauton
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
- Sanofi R&D, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi R&D, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi R&D, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | | | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi R&D, 13 Quai Jules Guesde, 94403 Vitry sur Seine Cedex, France
| | - Cécile Perrio
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT UMR 6030, LDM-TEP, Cyceron, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14000 Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Krüll J, Heinrich MR. [
18
F]Fluorine‐Labeled Pharmaceuticals: Direct Aromatic Fluorination Compared to Multi‐Step Strategies. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Krüll
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical ChemistryFriedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10 91058 Erlangen
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He Y, Xie F, Ye J, Deuther-Conrad W, Cui B, Wang L, Lu J, Steinbach J, Brust P, Huang Y, Lu J, Jia H. 1-(4-[ 18F]Fluorobenzyl)-4-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazine: A Novel Suitable Radioligand with Low Lipophilicity for Imaging σ 1 Receptors in the Brain. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4161-4172. [PMID: 28409931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized novel piperazine compounds with low lipophilicity as σ1 receptor ligands. 1-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-4-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]piperazine (10) possessed a low nanomolar σ1 receptor affinity and a high selectivity toward the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (>2000-fold), σ2 receptors (52-fold), and adenosine A2A, adrenergic α2, cannabinoid CB1, dopamine D1, D2L, γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA), NMDA, melatonin MT1, MT2, and serotonin 5-HT1 receptors. The corresponding radiotracer [18F]10 demonstrated high brain uptake and extremely high brain-to-blood ratios in biodistribution studies in mice. Pretreatment with the selective σ1 receptor agonist SA4503 significantly reduced the level of accumulation of the radiotracer in the brain. No radiometabolite of [18F]10 was observed to enter the brain. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed suitable kinetics and a high specific binding of [18F]10 to σ1 receptors in rat brain. Ex vivo autoradiography showed a reduced level of binding of [18F]10 in the cortex and hippocampus of the senescence-accelerated prone (SAMP8) compared to that of the senescence-accelerated resistant (SAMR1) mice, indicating the potential dysfunction of σ1 receptors in Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang He
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bixiao Cui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Brust
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf , Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8048, United States
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Jia
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
van der Born D, Pees A, Poot AJ, Orru RVA, Windhorst AD, Vugts DJ. Fluorine-18 labelled building blocks for PET tracer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4709-4773. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00492j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and application of fluorine-18 labelled building blocks since 2010.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion van der Born
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Anna Pees
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Alex J. Poot
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Romano V. A. Orru
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules
- Medicines & Systems (AIMMS)
- VU University Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Albert D. Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J. Vugts
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine
- VU University Medical Center
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wen SQ, Jeyakkumar P, Avula SR, Zhang L, Zhou CH. Discovery of novel berberine imidazoles as safe antimicrobial agents by down regulating ROS generation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2768-2773. [PMID: 27156777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel berberine-based imidazole derivatives as new type of antimicrobial agents were developed and characterized. Most of them gave good antibacterial activity toward the Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Noticeably, imidazolyl berberine 3a exhibited low MIC value of 1μg/mL against Eberthella typhosa, which was even superior to reference drugs berberine, chloromycin and norfloxacin. The cell toxicity and ROS generation assay indicated that compound 3a showed low cell toxicity. The interactive investigation by UV-vis spectroscopic method revealed that compound 3a could effectively intercalate into calf thymus DNA to form 3a-DNA complex which might further block DNA replication to exert the powerful antimicrobial activities. The binding behavior of compound 3a to DNA topoisomerase IB revealed that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions played important roles in the association of compound 3a with DNA topoisomerase IB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Wen
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ponmani Jeyakkumar
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Srinivasa Rao Avula
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Cheng-He Zhou
- Institute of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakazawa S, Nakamichi K, Imai H, Ichihara J. Effect of dopamine D4 receptor agonists on sleep architecture in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 63:6-13. [PMID: 25985889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine plays a key role in the regulation of sleep-wake states, as revealed by the observation that dopamine-releasing agents such as methylphenidate have wake-promoting effects. However, the precise mechanisms for the wake-promoting effect produced by the enhancement of dopamine transmission are not fully understood. Although dopamine D1, D2, and D3 receptors are known to have differential effects on sleep architecture, the role of D4 receptors (D4Rs), and particularly the influence of D4R activation on the sleep-wake state, has not been studied so far. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effects of two structurally different D4R agonists, Ro 10-5824 and A-412997, on the sleep-wake states in rats. We found that both D4R agonists generally increased waking duration, and conversely, reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep duration in rats. The onset of NREM sleep was also generally delayed. However, only the A-412997 agonist (but not the Ro 10-5824) influenced rapid eye movement sleep onset and duration. Furthermore, these effects were accompanied with an enhancement of EEG spectral power in the theta and the gamma bands. Our results suggest the involvement of dopamine D4R in the regulation of sleep-wake states. The activation of the D4R could enhance the arousal states as revealed by the behavioral and electrophysiological patterns in this study. Dopamine D4R may contribute to the arousal effects of dopamine-releasing agents such as methylphenidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakazawa
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
| | - Keiko Nakamichi
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Imai
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Ichihara
- Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Synthesis and evaluation of fluoro substituted pyridinylcarboxamides and their phenylazo analogues for potential dopamine D3 receptor PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 24:5399-403. [PMID: 25453796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluoro substituted pyridinylcarboxamides and their phenylazo analogues with high affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor was synthesized by the use of 6-fluoropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride (1) and fluorophenylazocarboxylic ester (2). Several of these compounds (9a-e and 10a-h) have been evaluated in vitro, among which 9b, 10a, 10c and 10d proved to have at least single-digit nanomolar affinity for D3. They also exhibit considerable selectivity over the other dopamine receptor subtypes and noteworthy selectivity over the structurally related serotonin receptor subtypes 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT₂, offering potential radiotracers for positron emission tomography.
Collapse
|
14
|
Leopoldo M, Selivanova SV, Müller A, Lacivita E, Schetz JA, Ametamey SM. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of N-{2-[4-(3-Cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-[(11) C]methoxybenz-amide, a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for dopamine D4 receptors, in rodents. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1298-308. [PMID: 25238073 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The D4 dopamine receptor belongs to the D2 -like family of dopamine receptors, and its exact regional distribution in the central nervous system is still a matter of considerable debate. The availability of a selective radioligand for the D4 receptor with suitable properties for positron emission tomography (PET) would help resolve issues of D4 receptor localization in the brain, and the presumed diurnal change of expressed protein in the eye and pineal gland. We report here on in vitro and in vivo characteristics of the high-affinity D4 receptor-selective ligand N-{2-[4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-[(11) C]methoxybenzamide ([(11) C]2) in rat. The results provide new insights on the in vitro properties that a brain PET dopamine D4 radioligand should possess in order to have improved in vivo utility in rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari 'A. Moro', via Orabona, 4, IT-70125 Bari
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Prante O, Maschauer S, Banerjee A. Radioligands for the dopamine receptor subtypes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 56:130-48. [PMID: 24285319 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actions of the predominant neurotransmitter in the brain, dopamine, are mediated by the postsynaptic dopamine receptors. The five dopamine receptor subtypes and their regulation have been associated with a large variety of psychiatric diseases. Therefore, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies using suitable and selective (18) F-labeled and (11) C-labeled dopamine receptor radioligands could provide valuable knowledge on the impact of receptor density on the pathogenesis and evolvement of neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases. This special issue subchapter provides a summary of the most important (18) F-labeled and (11) C-labeled radioligands for PET imaging of the dopamine receptor subtypes, their radiochemistry, and characteristics from in vitro and in vivo applications, considering not only the already established PET ligands but also the recently published preclinical work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Prante
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ermert J. 18F-labelled intermediates for radiosynthesis by modular build-up reactions: newer developments. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:812973. [PMID: 25343144 PMCID: PMC4197889 DOI: 10.1155/2014/812973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This brief review gives an overview of newer developments in (18)F-chemistry with the focus on small (18)F-labelled molecules as intermediates for modular build-up syntheses. The short half-life (<2 h) of the radionuclide requires efficient syntheses of these intermediates considering that multistep syntheses are often time consuming and characterized by a loss of yield in each reaction step. Recent examples of improved synthesis of (18)F-labelled intermediates show new possibilities for no-carrier-added ring-fluorinated arenes, novel intermediates for tri[(18)F]fluoromethylation reactions, and (18)F-fluorovinylation methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lacivita E, De Giorgio P, Colabufo NA, Berardi F, Perrone R, Niso M, Leopoldo M. Design, synthesis, lipophilic properties, and binding affinities of potential ligands in positron emission tomography (PET) for visualization of brain dopamine D4 receptors. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:299-310. [PMID: 24591318 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of compounds structurally related to the high-affinity dopamine D4 receptor ligand N-{2-[4-(3-cyanopyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-3-methoxybenzamide (1e). All compounds were specifically designed as potential PET radioligands for brain D4 receptor visualization, having lipophilicity within a range for brain uptake and weak non-specific binding (0.75<cLogP<3.15) and bearing a substituent for easy access to labeling with the positron emitter isotope (11) C or (18) F. The best compound of the series, N-{2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethyl}-6-fluoropyridine-3-carboxamide (7a), displayed excellent selectivity over D2 and D3 receptors (>100-fold), but its D4 receptor affinity was suboptimal for imaging of brain D4 receptors (Ki =30 nM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona, 4, IT-70125, Bari, (phone +39 080 544 2798; fax +39 080 544 2231)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fehler SK, Maschauer S, Höfling SB, Bartuschat AL, Tschammer N, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Fast and efficient (18) F-labeling by [(18) f]fluorophenylazocarboxylic esters. Chemistry 2013; 20:370-5. [PMID: 24339325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of [(18) F]fluoride ion into the aromatic core of phenylazocarboxylic esters was achieved in only 30 seconds, with radiochemical yields of up to 95 % (85(±10) %). For labeling purposes, the resulting (18) F-substituted azoester can be further converted in radical-arylation reactions to give biaryls, or in substitutions at its carbonyl unit to produce azocarboxamides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Fehler
- Abteilung für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kügler F, Ermert J, Coenen HH. Labeling of benzodioxin piperazines with fluorine-18 as prospective radioligands for selective imaging of dopamine D4receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:609-18. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kügler
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine; INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
- Present address: Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik; Technische Universität München; Ismaninger Straße 22 D-81675 München Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine; INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
| | - Heinz H. Coenen
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine; INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Jülich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Airaksinen AJ, Finnema SJ, Balle T, Varnäs K, Bang-Andersen B, Gulyás B, Farde L, Halldin C. Radiosynthesis and evaluation of new α1-adrenoceptor antagonists as PET radioligands for brain imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 40:747-54. [PMID: 23810488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluation of the α1-adrenoceptors in relation to brain pathophysiology and drug treatment has been hindered by lack of α1-adrenoceptor specific radioligands with sufficient brain exposure. Our aim was to develop an α1-adrenoceptor specific PET radioligand for brain imaging. METHODS Two sertindole analogues 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-3-(1-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole [(11)C]3 and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(1-[(11)C]methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-(pyrimidin-5-yl)-1H-indole ([(11)C]Lu AA27122) [(11)C]4 were synthesized and evaluated as α1-adrenoceptor PET radioligands in cynomolgus monkey. Compounds 3 and 4 were selected due to their promising in vitro preclinical profile; high affinity and selectivity for the α1-adrenoceptor, favourable blood brain barrier permeability rates in Caco-2 monolayers and promising brain tissue/plasma ratio, assessed by equilibrium dialysis of free fraction in plasma and brain homogenate. RESULTS Compounds [(11)C]3 and [(11)C]4 were synthesized from their desmethyl piperidine precursors with high specific radioactivity (>370 GBq/μmol) using [(11)C]methyl iodide. The 1,2,4-triazole analogue [(11)C]3 exhibited poor brain uptake, but the corresponding pyrimidyl analogue [(11)C]4 exhibited high brain exposure and binding in α1-adrenoceptor rich brain regions. However, the binding could not be inhibited by pretreatment with prazosin (0.1 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg). The results were extended by autoradiography of [(11)C]4 binding in human brain sections and competition with antagonists from different structural families, revealing that only a minor portion of the observed binding of [(11)C]4 in brain was α1-adrenoceptor specific. CONCLUSION Though [(11)C]3 and [(11)C]4 proved not suitable as PET radioligands, the study provided further understanding of structural features influencing brain exposure of the chemical class of compounds related to the antipsychotic drug sertindole. It provided valuable insight in the delicacy of blood brain barrier penetration for structurally related compounds and underlines the importance for improved protocols for evaluation of brain penetration of future PET ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu J Airaksinen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(4-(4-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)-1-piperazinyl)butyl)indolin-2-one as dopamine D4 receptor ligand. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|