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Prange CJ, Hu X, Tang L. Smart chemistry for traceless release of anticancer therapeutics. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122353. [PMID: 37925794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
In the design of delivery strategies for anticancer therapeutics, the controlled release of intact cargo at the destined tumor and metastasis locations is of particular importance. To this end, stimuli-responsive chemical linkers have been extensively investigated owing to their ability to respond to tumor-specific physiological stimuli, such as lowered pH, altered redox conditions, increased radical oxygen species and pathological enzymatic activities. To prevent premature action and off-target effects, anticancer therapeutics are chemically modified to be transiently inactivated, a strategy known as prodrug development. Prodrugs are reactivated upon stimuli-dependent release at the sites of interest. As most drugs and therapeutic proteins have the optimal activity when released from carriers in their native and original forms, traceless release mechanisms are increasingly investigated. In this review, we summarize the chemical toolkit for developing innovative traceless prodrug strategies for stimuli-responsive drug delivery and discuss the applications of these chemical modifications in anticancer treatment including cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Jasmin Prange
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Xile Hu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
| | - Li Tang
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland; Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
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2
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Yang K, Luo Y, Hu Q, Song M, Liu J, Li Z, Li B, Sun X. Selective C(sp 3)-S Bond Cleavage of Thioethers to Build Up Unsymmetrical Disulfides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13699-13711. [PMID: 37747962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The selective C(sp3)-S bond cleavage of thioethers was first developed to prepare unsymmetrical disulfides by using electrophilic halogenation reagents. In this strategy, NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) achieves selective furfuryl C(sp3)-S bond cleavage of furfuryl alkylthioethers at room temperature. Meanwhile, NFSI (N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide) enables selective methyl C(sp3)-S bond cleavage of aryl and alkyl methylthioethers at an elevated temperature. Notably, the substrate scope investigation indicates that the order of selectivity of the C-S bond cleavage is furfuryl C(sp3)-S > benzyl C(sp3)-S > alkyl C(sp3)-S > C(sp2)-S bond. Moreover, this practical and operationally simple strategy also provides an important complementary way to access various unsymmetrical disulfides with excellent functional group tolerances and moderate to good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yanqi Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Qingyue Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Mengjie Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Junxiang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Bijin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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3
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Felber JG, Thorn-Seshold O. 40 Years of Duocarmycins: A Graphical Structure/Function Review of Their Chemical Evolution, from SAR to Prodrugs and ADCs. JACS AU 2022; 2:2636-2644. [PMID: 36590260 PMCID: PMC9795467 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic analogues of the DNA-alkylating cytotoxins of the duocarmycin class have been extensively investigated in the past 40 years, driven by their high potency, their unusual mechanism of bioactivity, and the beautiful modularity of their structure-activity relationship (SAR). This Perspective analyzes how the molecular designs of synthetic duocarmycins have evolved: from (1) early SAR studies, through to modern applications for directed cancer therapy as (2) prodrugs and (3) antibody-drug conjugates in late-stage clinical development. Analyzing 583 primary research articles and patents from 1978 to 2022, we distill out a searchable A0-format "Minard map" poster of ca. 200 key structure/function-tuning steps tracing chemical developments across these three key areas. This structure-based overview showcases the ingenious approaches to tune and target bioactivity, that continue to drive development of the elegant and powerful duocarmycin platform.
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Ferhati X, Jiménez-Moreno E, Hoyt EA, Salluce G, Cabeza-Cabrerizo M, Navo CD, Compañón I, Akkapeddi P, Matos MJ, Salaverri N, Garrido P, Martínez A, Laserna V, Murray TV, Jiménez-Osés G, Ravn P, Bernardes GJL, Corzana F. Single Mutation on Trastuzumab Modulates the Stability of Antibody-Drug Conjugates Built Using Acetal-Based Linkers and Thiol-Maleimide Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5284-5294. [PMID: 35293206 PMCID: PMC8972253 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a class of targeted therapeutics used to selectively kill cancer cells. It is important that they remain intact in the bloodstream and release their payload in the target cancer cell for maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity. The development of effective ADCs requires the study of factors that can alter the stability of these therapeutics at the atomic level. Here, we present a general strategy that combines synthesis, bioconjugation, linker technology, site-directed mutagenesis, and modeling to investigate the influence of the site and microenvironment of the trastuzumab antibody on the stability of the conjugation and linkers. Trastuzumab is widely used to produce targeted ADCs because it can target with high specificity a receptor that is overexpressed in certain breast cancer cells (HER2). We show that the chemical environment of the conjugation site of trastuzumab plays a key role in the stability of linkers featuring acid-sensitive groups such as acetals. More specifically, Lys-207, located near the reactive Cys-205 of a thiomab variant of the antibody, may act as an acid catalyst and promote the hydrolysis of acetals. Mutation of Lys-207 into an alanine or using a longer linker that separates this residue from the acetal group stabilizes the conjugates. Analogously, Lys-207 promotes the beneficial hydrolysis of the succinimide ring when maleimide reagents are used for conjugation, thus stabilizing the subsequent ADCs by impairing the undesired retro-Michael reactions. This work provides new insights for the design of novel ADCs with improved stability properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhenti Ferhati
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ester Jiménez-Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Emily A Hoyt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Giulia Salluce
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Mar Cabeza-Cabrerizo
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Matos
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K
| | - Noelia Salaverri
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Pablo Garrido
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alfredo Martínez
- Angiogenesis Group, Oncology Area, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Víctor Laserna
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, Astra Zeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, U.K
| | - Thomas V Murray
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, Astra Zeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, U.K
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Peter Ravn
- Biologics Engineering, R&D, Astra Zeneca, CB21 6GH Cambridge, U.K
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Singh D, Dheer D, Samykutty A, Shankar R. Antibody drug conjugates in gastrointestinal cancer: From lab to clinical development. J Control Release 2021; 340:1-34. [PMID: 34673122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one the fastest growing biotherapeutics in oncology and are still in their infancy in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer for clinical applications to improve patient survival. The ADC based approach is developed with tumor specific antigen, antibody carrying cytotoxic agents to precisely target and deliver chemotherapeutics at the tumor site. To date, 11 ADCs have been approved by US-FDA, and more than 80 are in the clinical development phase for different oncological indications. However, The ADCs based therapies in GI cancers are still far from having high-efficient clinical outcomes. The limited success of these ADCs and lessons learned from the past are now being used to develop a newer generation of ADC against GI cancers. In this review, we did a comprehensive assessment of the key components of ADCs, including tumor marker, antibody, cytotoxic payload, and linkage strategy, with a focus on technical improvement and some future trends in the pipeline for clinical translation. The various preclinical and clinical ADCs used in gastrointestinal malignancies, their target, composition and bioconjugation, along with preclinical and clinical outcomes, are discussed. The emphasis is also given to new generation ADCs employing novel mAb, payload, linker, and bioconjugation methods are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Divya Dheer
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhilash Samykutty
- Stephenson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Yao HP, Zhao H, Hudson R, Tong XM, Wang MH. Duocarmycin-based antibody-drug conjugates as an emerging biotherapeutic entity for targeted cancer therapy: Pharmaceutical strategy and clinical progress. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1857-1874. [PMID: 34224904 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Duocarmycins are a class of DNA minor-groove-binding alkylating molecules. For the past decade, various duocarmycin analogues have been used as payloads in the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Currently, more than 15 duocarmycin-based ADCs have been studied preclinically, and some of them such as SYD985 have been granted Fast-Track Designation status. Nevertheless, progress in duocarmycin-based ADCs also faces challenges, with setbacks including the termination of BMS-936561/MDX-1203. In this review, we discuss issues associated with the efficacy, pharmacokinetic profile, and toxicological activity of these biotherapeutics. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advances in duocarmycin-based ADCs that have different target specificities and linker chemistries. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has indicated that duocarmycin-based ADCs are promising biotherapeutics for oncological application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hui Zhao
- Office of Scientific Research, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Rachel Hudson
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Xiang-Min Tong
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ming-Hai Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Biology Research Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA.
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7
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Jukes Z, Morais GR, Loadman PM, Pors K. How can the potential of the duocarmycins be unlocked for cancer therapy? Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:577-584. [PMID: 33232841 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The duocarmycins belong to a class of agent that has fascinated scientists for over four decades. Their exquisite potency, unique mechanism of action, and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tumour models makes them attractive to medicinal chemists and drug hunters. However, despite great advances in fine-tuning biological activity through structure-activity relationship studies (SARS), no duocarmycin-based therapeutic has reached clinical approval. In this review, we provide an overview of the most promising strategies currently used and include both tumour-targeted prodrug approaches and antibody-directed technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Jukes
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Goreti Ribeiro Morais
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Klaus Pors
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
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8
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Zhang Y, Hu C. Anticancer activity of bisindole alkaloids derived from natural sources and synthetic bisindole hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000092. [PMID: 32468606 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bisindole moiety, as a versatile pharmacophore, is one of the widespread heterocycles in naturally occurring and synthetic bioactive compounds. The bisindole alkaloids derived from natural sources possess structural and mechanistic diversity, and they were found to be generally more active than monoindole alkaloids against various cancer cell lines. Moreover, some bisindole alkaloids such as the tubulin inhibitors, vinorelbine and vinblastine, have already been approved for cancer therapy, suggesting that bisindole alkaloids are a significant source of anticancer agents and lead hits. Bisindole hybrids have the potential to overcome drug resistance, enhance efficiency, and reduce severe side effects. The bisindole-lactam hybrid midostaurin has already been approved for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia who are FLT3 mutation-positive, highlighting the importance of bisindole hybrids in the development of novel anticancer agents. In this review, we present a brief account of the bisindole alkaloids derived from nature and of synthetic hybrids with potential anticancer activity developed in the recent 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Gauzy-Lazo L, Sassoon I, Brun MP. Advances in Antibody–Drug Conjugate Design: Current Clinical Landscape and Future Innovations. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 25:843-868. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555220912955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of potent cytotoxic molecules into cancer cells is considered a promising anticancer strategy. The design of clinically effective antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), in which biologically active drugs are coupled through chemical linkers to monoclonal antibodies, has presented challenges for pharmaceutical researchers. After 30 years of intensive research and development activities, only seven ADCs have been approved for clinical use; two have received fast-track designation and two breakthrough therapy designation from the Food and Drug Administration. There is continued interest in the field, as documented by the growing number of candidates in clinical development. This review aims to summarize the most recent innovations that have been applied to the design of ADCs undergoing early- and late-stage clinical trials. Discovery and rational optimization of new payloads, chemical linkers, and antibody formats have improved the therapeutic index of next-generation ADCs, ultimately resulting in improved clinical benefit for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Sassoon
- Immuno-Oncology Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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Park S, Kim SY, Cho J, Jung D, Seo D, Lee J, Lee S, Yun S, Lee H, Park O, Seo B, Woo SH, Park TK. Aryl Sulfate is a Useful Motif for Conjugating and Releasing Phenolic Molecules: Sulfur Fluorine Exchange Click Chemistry Enables Discovery of Ortho-Hydroxy-Protected Aryl Sulfate Linker. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1957-1968. [PMID: 31251583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new self-immolative linker motif, Ortho Hydroxy-Protected Aryl Sulfate (OHPAS), was devised, and OHPAS-containing antibody drug conjugates (ADC) were tested in vitro and in vivo. Conveniently synthesized using Sulfur Fluorine Exchange (SuFEx) chemistry, it is based structurally on diaryl sulfate, with one aryl acting as a payload and the other as a self-immolative sulfate unit having a latent phenol function at the ortho position. The chemically stable OHPAS linker was stable in plasma samples from 5 different species, yet it can release the payload molecule smoothly upon chemical or biological triggering. The payload release proceeds via intramolecular cyclization, producing a cyclic sulfate coproduct that eventually hydrolyzes to a catechol monosulfate. A set of OHPAS-containing ADCs based on Trastuzumab were prepared with a drug to antibody ratio of ∼2, and were shown to be cytotoxic in 5 different cancer cell lines in vitro and dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth in a NCI-N87 mouse xenograft model. We conclude that OHPAS conjugates will be of considerable use for delivering phenol-containing payloads to tissues targeted for medical intervention.
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Zhang J, Shukla V, Boger DL. Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions of Heterocyclic Azadienes, 1-Aza-1,3-Butadienes, Cyclopropenone Ketals, and Related Systems. A Retrospective. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9397-9445. [PMID: 31062977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A summary of the investigation and applications of the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction is provided that have been conducted in our laboratory over a period that now spans more than 35 years. The work, which continues to provide solutions to complex synthetic challenges, is presented in the context of more than 70 natural product total syntheses in which the reactions served as a key strategic step in the approach. The studies include the development and use of the cycloaddition reactions of heterocyclic azadienes (1,2,4,5-tetrazines; 1,2,4-, 1,3,5-, and 1,2,3-triazines; 1,2-diazines; and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles), 1-aza-1,3-butadienes, α-pyrones, and cyclopropenone ketals. Their applications illustrate the power of the methodology, often provided concise and nonobvious total syntheses of the targeted natural products, typically were extended to the synthesis of analogues that contain deep-seated structural changes in more comprehensive studies to explore or optimize their biological properties, and highlight a wealth of opportunities not yet tapped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Vyom Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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Abstract
Introduction: Prodrugs have been used to improve the selectivity and efficacy of cancer therapy by targeting unique abnormal markers that are overexpressed by cancer cells and are absent in normal tissues. In this context, different strategies have been exploited and new ones are being developed each year. Areas covered: In this review, an integrated view of the potential use of prodrugs in targeted cancer therapy is provided. Passive and active strategies are discussed in light of the advantages of each one and some successful examples are provided, as well as the clinical status of several prodrugs. Among them, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the most commonly used. However, several drawbacks, including limited prodrug uptake, poor pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity problems, difficulties in selective targeting and gene expression, and optimized bystander effects limit their clinical applications. Expert opinion: Despite the efforts of different companies and research groups, several drawbacks, such as the lack of relevant in vivo models, complexity of the human metabolism, and economic limitations, have hampered the development of new prodrugs for targeted cancer therapy. As a result, we believe that the combination of prodrugs with cancer nanotechnology and other newly developed approaches, such as aptamer-conjugated nanomaterials, are efficient strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Souza
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Diogo Silva Pellosi
- b Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Hybrid Materials , Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP , Diadema , Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Tedesco
- a Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemistry , School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto- USP , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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13
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Su D, Chen J, Cosino E, dela Cruz-Chuh J, Davis H, Del Rosario G, Figueroa I, Goon L, He J, Kamath AV, Kaur S, Kozak KR, Lau J, Lee D, Lee MV, Leipold D, Liu L, Liu P, Lu GL, Nelson C, Ng C, Pillow TH, Polakis P, Polson AG, Rowntree RK, Saad O, Safina B, Stagg NJ, Tercel M, Vandlen R, Vollmar BS, Wai J, Wang T, Wei B, Xu K, Xue J, Xu Z, Yan G, Yao H, Yu SF, Zhang D, Zhong F, Dragovich PS. Antibody–Drug Conjugates Derived from Cytotoxic seco-CBI-Dimer Payloads Are Highly Efficacious in Xenograft Models and Form Protein Adducts In Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1356-1370. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dian Su
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jinhua Chen
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Ely Cosino
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Helen Davis
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Isabel Figueroa
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Leanne Goon
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Amrita V. Kamath
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Surinder Kaur
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Katherine R. Kozak
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Lau
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donna Lee
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - M. Violet Lee
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Douglas Leipold
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter Liu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Guo-Liang Lu
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chris Nelson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas H. Pillow
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Paul Polakis
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Andrew G. Polson
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Rowntree
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ola Saad
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Safina
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nicola J. Stagg
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Moana Tercel
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard Vandlen
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Breanna S. Vollmar
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Tao Wang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - BinQing Wei
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Juanjuan Xue
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Zijin Xu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Gang Yan
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Hui Yao
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peter S. Dragovich
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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Hydrophilic Monomethyl Auristatin E Derivatives as Novel Candidates for the Design of Antibody-Drug Conjugates. SEPARATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/separations6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising state-of-the-art biopharmaceutical drugs for selective drug-delivery applications and the treatment of diseases such as cancer. The idea behind the ADC technology is remarkable as it combines the highly selective targeting capacity of monoclonal antibodies with the cancer-killing ability of potent cytotoxic agents. The continuous development of improved ADCs requires systematic studies on the nature and effects of warhead modification. Recently, we focused on the hydrophilic modification of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the most widely used cytotoxic agent in current clinical trial ADCs. Herein, we report on the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for studying the hydrophobic character of modified MMAE derivatives. Our data reveal a connection between the hydrophobicity of the modified warheads as free molecules and their cytotoxic activity. In addition, MMAE-trastuzumab ADCs were constructed and evaluated in preliminary cytotoxic assays.
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15
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Synthesis of an adenine N-3 substituted CBI adduct by alkylation of adenine with a 1-iodomethylindoline seco-CBI precursor. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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16
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Li C, Xu DN, Ma C, Mei GJ, Shi F. Diastereo- and Enantioselective Construction of Dihydrobenzo[e]indole Scaffolds via Catalytic Asymmetric [3 + 2] Cycloannulations. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9190-9200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Dan-Ni Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Chun Ma
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Guang-Jian Mei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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17
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18
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Liang D, Ge D, Lv Y, Huang W, Wang B, Li W. Silver-Catalyzed Radical Arylphosphorylation of Unactivated Alkenes: Synthesis of 3-Phosphonoalkyl Indolines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:4681-4691. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
- Yunnan Engineering Technology Research Center for Plastic Films, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Dandan Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yanping Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Yunnan Engineering Technology Research Center for Plastic Films, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Baoling Wang
- Yunnan Engineering Technology Research Center for Plastic Films, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Weili Li
- Yunnan Engineering Technology Research Center for Plastic Films, Kunming 650214, China
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19
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Nasiri H, Valedkarimi Z, Aghebati‐Maleki L, Majidi J. Antibody‐drug conjugates: Promising and efficient tools for targeted cancer therapy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6441-6457. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Student Research CommitteeTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Leili Aghebati‐Maleki
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Department of ImmunologyFaculty of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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20
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Yu B, Zheng Y, Yuan Z, Li S, Zhu H, De La Cruz LK, Zhang J, Ji K, Wang S, Wang B. Toward Direct Protein S-Persulfidation: A Prodrug Approach That Directly Delivers Hydrogen Persulfide. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 140:30-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bingchen Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Zhengnan Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kaili Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Siming Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center
for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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21
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Wu S, Jian XH, Yuan H, Jin WB, Yin Y, Wang LY, Zhao J, Tang GL. Unified Biosynthetic Origin of the Benzodipyrrole Subunits in CC-1065. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1603-1610. [PMID: 28426198 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CC-1065 is the first characterized member of a family of naturally occurring antibiotics including yatakemycin and duocarmycins with exceptionally potent antitumor activity. CC-1065 contains three benzodipyrroles (1a-, 1b-, and 1c-) of which the 1a-subunit is remarkable by being composed of a cyclopropane ring, and the mechanism for the biological formation of benzodipyrrole rings remains elusive. Previously, biosynthetic studies of CC-1065 were limited to radioactively labeled precursor feeding experiments, which showed that tyrosine (Tyr) and serine (Ser) were incorporated into the two benzodipyrrole (1b- and 1c-) subunits via the same mode but that this was different from the key cyclopropabenzodipyrrole (1a-) subunit with N1-C2-C3 derived from Ser. Herein, the biosynthetic gene cluster of CC-1065 has been cloned, analyzed, and characterized by a series of gene inactivations. Significantly, a key intermediate bearing a C7-OH group derived from a Δc10C mutant exhibited improved cytotoxicity. Moreover, this data inspired us to suspect that the 1a-subunit might employ the same precursor incorporation mode as the 1b- and 1c-subunits. Subsequently, 13C-labeled Tyr feeding experiments confirmed that the N1-C2-C3 is originated from Tyr via DOPA as an intermediate. Collectively, a biosynthetic pathway of benzodipyrrole is proposed featuring a revised and unified precursor incorporation mode, which implicates an oxidative cyclization strategy for the assembly of benzodipyrrole. This work sets the stage for further study of enzymatic mechanisms and combinatorial biosynthesis for new DNA alkylating analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Bing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gong-Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Borrel A, Ghemtio L, Regad L, Boije af Gennäs G, Camproux AC, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Xhaard H. Structural Isosteres of Phosphate Groups in the Protein Data Bank. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:499-516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Borrel
- Laboratoire
Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), UMRS-973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Leslie Regad
- Laboratoire
Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), UMRS-973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Anne-Claude Camproux
- Laboratoire
Molécules Thérapeutiques in silico (MTi), UMRS-973, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM, F-75013 Paris, France
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23
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Pillow TH, Schutten M, Yu SF, Ohri R, Sadowsky J, Poon KA, Solis W, Zhong F, Del Rosario G, Go MAT, Lau J, Yee S, He J, Liu L, Ng C, Xu K, Leipold DD, Kamath AV, Zhang D, Masterson L, Gregson SJ, Howard PW, Fang F, Chen J, Gunzner-Toste J, Kozak KK, Spencer S, Polakis P, Polson AG, Flygare JA, Junutula JR. Modulating Therapeutic Activity and Toxicity of Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Self-Immolative Disulfide Linkers. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:871-878. [PMID: 28223423 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel disulfide linker was designed to enable a direct connection between cytotoxic pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) drugs and the cysteine on a targeting antibody for use in antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). ADCs composed of a cysteine-engineered antibody were armed with a PBD using a self-immolative disulfide linker. Both the chemical linker and the antibody site were optimized for this new bioconjugation strategy to provide a highly stable and efficacious ADC. This novel disulfide ADC was compared with a conjugate containing the same PBD drug, but attached to the antibody via a peptide linker. Both ADCs had similar efficacy in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. Safety studies in rats revealed that the disulfide-linked ADC had a higher MTD than the peptide-linked ADC. Overall, these data suggest that the novel self-immolative disulfide linker represents a valuable way to construct ADCs with equivalent efficacy and improved safety. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(5); 871-8. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Willy Solis
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Fiona Zhong
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Lau
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Sharon Yee
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Jintang He
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Luna Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Carl Ng
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Keyang Xu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Donglu Zhang
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Luke Masterson
- Spirogen Ltd., QMB Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philip W Howard
- Spirogen Ltd., QMB Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fan Fang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Polakis
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
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24
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Pillow TH, Sadowsky JD, Zhang D, Yu SF, Del Rosario G, Xu K, He J, Bhakta S, Ohri R, Kozak KR, Ha E, Junutula JR, Flygare JA. Decoupling stability and release in disulfide bonds with antibody-small molecule conjugates. Chem Sci 2017; 8:366-370. [PMID: 28451181 PMCID: PMC5365059 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disulfide bonds provide a bioactivatable connection with applications in imaging and therapy. The circulation stability and intracellular release of disulfides are problematically coupled in that increasing stability causes a corresponding decrease in cleavage and payload release. However, an antibody offers the potential for a reversible stabilization. We examined this by attaching a small molecule directly to engineered cysteines in an antibody. At certain sites this unhindered disulfide was stable in circulation yet cellular internalization and antibody catabolism generated a disulfide catabolite that was rapidly reduced. We demonstrated that this stable connection and facile release is applicable to a variety of payloads. The ability to reversibly stabilize a labile functional group with an antibody may offer a way to improve targeted probes and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Pillow
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Jack D Sadowsky
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Geoffrey Del Rosario
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Keyang Xu
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Jintang He
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Sunil Bhakta
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Rachana Ohri
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Katherine R Kozak
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Edward Ha
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - Jagath R Junutula
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
| | - John A Flygare
- Research & Early Development , Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way , South San Francisco , CA 94080 , USA .
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25
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Mhetre AB, Lee H, Yang H, Lee K, Nam DH, Lim D. Synthesis and anticancer activity of benzoselenophene and heteroaromatic derivatives of 1,2,9,9a-tetrahydrocyclopropa[c]benzo[e]indol-4-one (CBI). Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1198-1208. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02729f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel benzoselenophene analogs of duocarmycin were prepared. The anticancer activity of the butyramide analog of benzoselenophene was 120 times more potent than the corresponding indole analog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol B. Mhetre
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul 143-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hangeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul 143-747
- Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyoung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Samsung Medical Center
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Samsung Medical Center
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Samsung Medical Center
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeol Lim
- Department of Chemistry
- Sejong University
- Seoul 143-747
- Republic of Korea
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26
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Miller ML, Fishkin NE, Li W, Whiteman KR, Kovtun Y, Reid EE, Archer KE, Maloney EK, Audette CA, Mayo MF, Wilhelm A, Modafferi HA, Singh R, Pinkas J, Goldmacher V, Lambert JM, Chari RVJ. A New Class of Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Potent DNA Alkylating Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1870-8. [PMID: 27216304 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The promise of tumor-selective delivery of cytotoxic agents in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) has now been realized, evidenced by the approval of two ADCs, both of which incorporate highly cytotoxic tubulin-interacting agents, for cancer therapy. An ongoing challenge remains in identifying potent agents with alternative mechanisms of cell killing that can provide ADCs with high therapeutic indices and favorable tolerability. Here, we describe the development of a new class of potent DNA alkylating agents that meets these objectives. Through chemical design, we changed the mechanism of action of our novel DNA cross-linking agent to a monofunctional DNA alkylator. This modification, coupled with linker optimization, generated ADCs that were well tolerated in mice and demonstrated robust antitumor activity in multiple tumor models at doses 1.5% to 3.5% of maximally tolerated levels. These properties underscore the considerable potential of these purpose-created, unique DNA-interacting conjugates for broadening the clinical application of ADC technology. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1870-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Li
- ImmunoGen, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
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27
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Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Ma G, Su Z. Specific Conjugation of the Hinge Region for Homogeneous Preparation of Antibody Fragment-Drug Conjugate: A Case Study for Doxorubicin-PEG-anti-CD20 Fab′ Synthesis. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:238-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhou
- National
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun,
Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun,
Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun,
Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- National
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun,
Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- National
Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beierjie Street, Zhongguancun,
Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China
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28
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Parveen A, Ibrahim M. Antibody-drug conjugates as drug carrier systems for bioactive agents. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2015.1038818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Kolakowski RV, Young TD, Howard PW, Jeffrey SC, Senter PD. Synthesis of a C2-aryl-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine monomer enabling the convergent construction of symmetrical and non-symmetrical dimeric analogs. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The selective delivery of potent pharmacologically active compounds to target tissue or cells by antibody–drug conjugates makes this immuno-conjugate a promising modality for the treatment of cancers. A thorough understanding of the structural integrity of the linker, the payload and the conjugation site during biological exposure is critical throughout the process of novel linker-payload design and optimization of PK profile. This understanding is a key aspect of the effort to maximize efficacy while minimizing toxicity in preclinical testing and to ensure the translation to the clinical setting. The complexity of this bioconjugate modality is a source of significant challenge for analytical interrogation and analysis in vivo. Therefore, we report herein a survey of various types of biotransformation events that have been elucidated in recent years.
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31
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Uematsu M, Brody DM, Boger DL. A five-membered lactone prodrug of CBI-based analogs of the duocarmycins. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3101-3104. [PMID: 26069351 PMCID: PMC4459655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The preparation, characterization and examination of the CBI-based 5-membered lactone 5 capable of serving as a prodrug or protein (antibody) conjugation reagent are disclosed along with its incorporation into the corresponding CC-1065 and duocarmycin analog 6, and the establishment of their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Uematsu
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel M. Brody
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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32
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Elgersma RC, Coumans RGE, Huijbregts T, Menge WMPB, Joosten JAF, Spijker HJ, de Groot FMH, van der Lee MMC, Ubink R, van den Dobbelsteen DJ, Egging DF, Dokter WHA, Verheijden GFM, Lemmens JM, Timmers CM, Beusker PH. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Linker-Duocarmycin Payloads: Toward Selection of HER2-Targeting Antibody–Drug Conjugate SYD985. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:1813-35. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500781a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C. Elgersma
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud G. E. Coumans
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tijl Huijbregts
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiro M. P. B. Menge
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John A. F. Joosten
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Henri J. Spijker
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Franciscus M. H. de Groot
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda M. C. van der Lee
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Ubink
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diels J. van den Dobbelsteen
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David F. Egging
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim H. A. Dokter
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs F. M. Verheijden
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques M. Lemmens
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Marco Timmers
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick H. Beusker
- Departments of †Medicinal & Protein Chemistry, ‡Preclinical, and §New Molecular Entities, Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Microweg 22, 6545 CM Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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33
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Xiao X, Feng M, Jiang X. Transition-metal-free persulfuration to construct unsymmetrical disulfides and mechanistic study of the sulfur redox process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4208-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A sulfur redox process has been developed between sulfinate and thiosulfate, which efficiently affords diverse unsymmetrical disulfides and provides a new method to modify pharmaceuticals and natural products with this biologically active moiety without extra oxidant or reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Minghao Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
- Department of Chemistry
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- P. R. China
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34
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Shefet-Carasso L, Benhar I. Antibody-targeted drugs and drug resistance--challenges and solutions. Drug Resist Updat 2014; 18:36-46. [PMID: 25476546 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapy of various human malignancies has shown efficacy in the past 30 years and is now one of the most successful and leading strategies for targeted treatment of patients harboring hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) aim to take advantage of the affinity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to selectively deliver potent cytotoxic drugs to antigen-expressing tumor cells. Key parameters for ADC include choosing the optimal components of the ADC (the antibody, the linker and the cytotoxic drug) and selecting the suitable cell-surface target antigen. Building on the success of recent FDA approval of brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla), ADCs are currently a class of drugs with a robust pipeline with clinical applications that are rapidly expanding. The more ADCs are being evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials, the clearer are becoming the parameters and the challenges required for their therapeutic success. This rapidly growing knowledge and clinical experience are revealing novel modalities and mechanisms of resistance to ADCs, hence offering plausible solutions to such challenges. Here, we review the key parameters for designing a powerful ADC, focusing on how ADCs are addressing the challenge of multiple drug resistance (MDR) and its rational overcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeeRon Shefet-Carasso
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai Benhar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
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35
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Albers AE, Garofalo AW, Drake PM, Kudirka R, de Hart GW, Barfield RM, Baker J, Banas S, Rabuka D. Exploring the effects of linker composition on site-specifically modified antibody-drug conjugates. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 88:3-9. [PMID: 25176286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the context of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), noncleavable linkers provide a means to deliver cytotoxic small molecules to cell targets while reducing systemic toxicity caused by nontargeted release of the free drug. Additionally, noncleavable linkers afford an opportunity to change the chemical properties of the small molecule to improve potency or diminish affinity for multidrug transporters, thereby improving efficacy. We employed the aldehyde tag coupled with the hydrazino-iso-Pictet-Spengler (HIPS) ligation to generate a panel of site-specifically conjugated ADCs that varied only in the noncleavable linker portion. The ADC panel comprised antibodies carrying a maytansine payload ligated through one of five different linkers. Both the linker-maytansine constructs alone and the resulting ADC panel were characterized in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays measuring biophysical and functional properties. We observed that slight differences in linker design affected these parameters in disparate ways, and noted that efficacy could be improved by selecting for particular attributes. These studies serve as a starting point for the exploration of more potent noncleavable linker systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E Albers
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Penelope M Drake
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Romas Kudirka
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | | | - Robyn M Barfield
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Jeanne Baker
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Stefanie Banas
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - David Rabuka
- Redwood Bioscience, 5703 Hollis Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA.
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36
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Tercel M, Pruijn FB, O'Connor PD, Liyanage HDS, Atwell GJ, Alix SM. Mechanism of action of AminoCBIs: highly reactive but highly cytotoxic analogues of the duocarmycins. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1998-2006. [PMID: 25087870 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Duocarmycins are highly cytotoxic natural products that have potential for development into anticancer agents. Herein we describe proposed but previously unidentified NH analogues of the DNA-alkylating subunit and characterise these by solvolysis studies, NMR and computational modelling. These compounds are shown to be the exclusive intermediates in the solvolysis of their seco precursors and to possess very similar structural features to the widely studied O-based analogues, apart from an unusually high basicity. The measured pKa of 10.5 implies that the NH compounds are fully protonated under physiological conditions. Remarkably, their extremely high reactivity (calculated hydrolysis rate 10(8) times higher for protonated NH compared to the neutral O analogue) is still compatible with potent cytotoxicity, provided the active species is formed in the presence of cells. These surprising findings are of relevance to the design of duocarmycin-based tumour-selective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moana Tercel
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142 (New Zealand).
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37
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Chari RVJ, Miller ML, Widdison WC. Antibody-drug conjugates: an emerging concept in cancer therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:3796-827. [PMID: 24677743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Traditional cancer chemotherapy is often accompanied by systemic toxicity to the patient. Monoclonal antibodies against antigens on cancer cells offer an alternative tumor-selective treatment approach. However, most monoclonal antibodies are not sufficiently potent to be therapeutically active on their own. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) use antibodies to deliver a potent cytotoxic compound selectively to tumor cells, thus improving the therapeutic index of chemotherapeutic agents. The recent approval of two ADCs, brentuximab vedotin and ado-trastuzumab emtansine, for cancer treatment has spurred tremendous research interest in this field. This Review touches upon the early efforts in the field, and describes how the lessons learned from the first-generation ADCs have led to improvements in every aspect of this technology, i.e., the antibody, the cytotoxic compound, and the linker connecting them, leading to the current successes. The design of ADCs currently in clinical development, and results from mechanistic studies and preclinical and clinical evaluation are discussed. Emerging technologies that seek to further advance this exciting area of research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi V J Chari
- ImmunoGen, Inc. 830 Winter St, Waltham, MA 02451 (USA) http://www.immunogen.com.
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38
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Chari RVJ, Miller ML, Widdison WC. Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate: ein neues Konzept in der Krebstherapie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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39
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An amino acid-based heterofunctional cross-linking reagent. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1243-51. [PMID: 24504931 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and characterization of a new lysine-based heterofunctional cross-linking reagent. It carries two readily available aminooxy functionalities and an activated and protected thiol group that is capable of generating reducible disulfides, the former enable bioorthogonal modification of ketones and aldehydes by the formation of an oxime bond. The efficacy of the linker was proven by coupling two doxorubicin molecules to the functionalized amino acid core and the subsequent bioconjugation of this drug conjugate with a thiolated antibody.
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40
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Wolfe AL, Duncan KK, Lajiness JP, Zhu K, Duerfeldt AS, Boger DL. A fundamental relationship between hydrophobic properties and biological activity for the duocarmycin class of DNA-alkylating antitumor drugs: hydrophobic-binding-driven bonding. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6845-57. [PMID: 23944748 DOI: 10.1021/jm400665c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Two systematic series of increasingly hydrophilic derivatives of duocarmycin SA that feature the incorporation of ethylene glycol units (n = 1-5) into the methoxy substituents of the trimethoxyindole subunit are described. These derivatives exhibit progressively increasing water solubility along with progressive decreases in cell growth inhibitory activity and DNA alkylation efficiency with the incremental ethylene glycol unit incorporations. Linear relationships of cLogP with -log IC50 for cell growth inhibition and -log AE (AE = cell-free DNA alkylation efficiency) were observed, with the cLogP values spanning the productive range of 2.5-0.49 and the -log IC50 values spanning the range of 11.2-6.4, representing IC50 values that vary by a factor of 10(5) (0.008 to 370 nM). The results quantify the fundamental role played by the hydrophobic character of the compound in the expression of the biological activity of members in this class (driving the intrinsically reversible DNA alkylation reaction) and define the stunning magnitude of its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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41
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Wolfe AL, Duncan KK, Parelkar NK, Brown D, Vielhauer GA, Boger DL. Efficacious cyclic N-acyl O-amino phenol duocarmycin prodrugs. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4104-15. [PMID: 23627265 PMCID: PMC3687800 DOI: 10.1021/jm400413r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two novel cyclic N-acyl O-amino phenol prodrugs are reported as new members of a unique class of reductively cleaved prodrugs of the duocarmycin family of natural products. These prodrugs were explored with the expectation that they may be cleaved selectively within hypoxic tumor environments that have intrinsically higher concentrations of reducing nucleophiles and were designed to liberate the free drug without the release of an extraneous group. In vivo evaluation of the prodrug 6 showed that it exhibits extraordinary efficacy (T/C > 1500, L1210; 6/10 one year survivors), substantially exceeding that of the free drug, that its therapeutic window of activity is much larger, permitting a dosing ≥ 40-fold higher than the free drug, and yet that it displays a potency in vivo that approaches the free drug (within 3-fold). Clearly, the prodrug 6 benefits from either its controlled slow release of the free drug or its preferential intracellular reductive cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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42
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Flygare JA, Pillow TH, Aristoff P. Antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013; 81:113-21. [PMID: 23253133 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With over 20 antibody-drug conjugates in clinical trials as well as a recently FDA-approved drug, it is clear that this is becoming an important and viable approach for selectively delivering highly cytotoxic agents to tumor cells while sparing normal tissue. This review discusses the critical aspects for this approach with an emphasis on the properties of the linker between the antibody and the cytotoxic payload that are required for an effective antibody-drug conjugate. Different linkers are illustrated with attention focused on (i) the specifics of attachment to the antibody, (ii) the polarity of the linker, (iii) the trigger on the linker that initiates cleavage from the drug, and (iv) the self-immolative spacer that liberates the active payload. Future directions in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Flygare
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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43
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Silveira GP, Marino JP. Enantioselective Synthesis of Dihydro-1H-benzindoles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:3379-83. [PMID: 23480349 DOI: 10.1021/jo302798j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P. Silveira
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
| | - Joseph P. Marino
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556,
United States
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44
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Abstract
Toxin payloads, or drugs, are the crucial components of therapeutic antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This review will give an introduction on the requirements that make a toxic compound suitable to be used in an antitumoral ADC and will summarize the structural and mechanistic features of four drug families that yielded promising results in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Anderl
- Heidelberg Pharma GmbH, Ladenburg, Germany
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45
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Drake PM, Rabuka D. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Can Coupling Cytotoxicity and Specificity Overcome Therapeutic Resistance? RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7654-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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46
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Wolfe AL, Duncan KK, Parelkar NK, Weir SJ, Vielhauer GA, Boger DL. A novel, unusually efficacious duocarmycin carbamate prodrug that releases no residual byproduct. J Med Chem 2012; 55:5878-86. [PMID: 22650244 PMCID: PMC3386426 DOI: 10.1021/jm300330b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A unique heterocyclic carbamate prodrug of seco-CBI-indole(2) that releases no residual byproduct is reported as a new member of a class of hydrolyzable prodrugs of the duocarmycin and CC-1065 family of natural products. The prodrug was designed to be activated by hydrolysis of a carbamate releasing the free drug without the cleavage release of a traceable extraneous group. Unlike prior carbamate prodrugs examined that are rapidly cleaved in vivo, the cyclic carbamate was found to be exceptionally stable to hydrolysis under both chemical and biological conditions providing a slow, sustained release of the exceptionally potent free drug. An in vivo evaluation of the prodrug found that its efficacy exceeded that of the parent drug, that its therapeutic window of efficacy versus toxicity is much larger than the parent drug, and that its slow free drug release permitted the safe and efficacious use of doses 150-fold higher than the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katharine K. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nikhil K. Parelkar
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Scott J. Weir
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - George A. Vielhauer
- Department of Urology University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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47
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Antibody–Drug Conjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396492-2.00023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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