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Heydarzadeh S, Moshtaghie AA, Daneshpour M, Hedayati M. The effect of Apigenin on glycometabolism and cell death in an anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116626. [PMID: 37437745 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND A more pronounced characteristic of cancer cells is the energy dependence on glucose, which mitigated by glucose transporters. The comprehension of the regulatory mechanisms behind the Warburg effect holds promise for developing therapeutic interventions for cancers. Studies are lacking which targeted the GLUTs for treatment of malignancy of thyroid tumors. In our current investigation, we have undertaken this study to determine the potential of Apigenin, plant derived flavonoid in modulating tumor apoptosis by targeting GLUTs expression in SW1736 cell line of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. MATERIAL METHODS Flow cytometry with propidium iodide staining was used to determine cell apoptosis. For glucose uptake detection, the "GOD-PAP" enzymatic colorimetric test was used to measure the direct glucose levels inside the cells. To determine the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA in the SW1736 cell line qRT-PCR was employed. Protein levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the SW1736 cell line were detected with western blotting. Also, the scratch wound healing assay was conducted for cell migration. RESULTS According to qRT-PCR analysis, the levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 mRNA were lower in the group that received Apigenin relative to the control group. The Apigenin treatment of SW1736 cells decreased protein expression of the GLUT1 and GLUT3 levels in conformity to qRT-PCR. The scratch assays revealed that Apigenin treatment of cancer cell lines inhibited cell migration as compared to control. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the possibility of targeting the glucose facilitators' pathway for making thyroid cancer cells more susceptible to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Moshtaghie
- Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Maryam Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Schreier A, Zappasodi R, Serganova I, Brown KA, Demaria S, Andreopoulou E. Facts and Perspectives: Implications of tumor glycolysis on immunotherapy response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1061789. [PMID: 36703796 PMCID: PMC9872136 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease that is difficult to treat and portends a poor prognosis in many patients. Recent efforts to implement immune checkpoint inhibitors into the treatment landscape of TNBC have led to improved outcomes in a subset of patients both in the early stage and metastatic settings. However, a large portion of patients with TNBC remain resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors and have limited treatment options beyond cytotoxic chemotherapy. The interplay between the anti-tumor immune response and tumor metabolism contributes to immunotherapy response in the preclinical setting, and likely in the clinical setting as well. Specifically, tumor glycolysis and lactate production influence the tumor immune microenvironment through creation of metabolic competition with infiltrating immune cells, which impacts response to immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will focus on how glucose metabolism within TNBC tumors influences the response to immune checkpoint blockade and potential ways of harnessing this information to improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Schreier
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roberta Zappasodi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, United States,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Inna Serganova
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States,Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kristy A. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eleni Andreopoulou
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Eleni Andreopoulou,
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3
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Bukkuri A, Gatenby RA, Brown JS. GLUT1 production in cancer cells: a tragedy of the commons. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35768428 PMCID: PMC9243083 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tragedy of the commons occurs when competition among individual members of a group leads to overexploitation of a shared resource to the detriment of the overall population. We hypothesize that cancer cells may engage in a tragedy of the commons when competing for a shared resource such as glucose. To formalize this notion, we create a game theoretic model of glucose uptake based on a cell’s investment in transporters relative to that of its neighboring cells. We show that production of transporters per cell increases as the number of competing cells in a microenvironment increases and nutrient uptake per cell decreases. Furthermore, the greater the resource availability, the more intense the tragedy of the commons at the ESS. Based on our simulations, cancer cells produce 2.2–2.7 times more glucose transporters than would produce optimal fitness for all group members. A tragedy of the commons affords novel therapeutic strategies. By simulating GLUT1 inhibitor and glucose deprivation treatments, we demonstrate a synergistic combination with standard-of-care therapies, while also displaying the existence of a trade-off between competition among cancer cells and depression of their gain function. Assuming cancer cell transporter production is heritable, we then show the potential for a sucker’s gambit therapy by exploiting this trade-off. By strategically changing environmental conditions, we can take advantage of cellular competition and gain function depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Bukkuri
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joel S Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program and Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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4
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Chen X, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Qi Y, Du J. Outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing sorafenib treatment: toxicities, cellular oxidative stress, treatment adherence, and quality of life: Erratum. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:345-364. [PMID: 33417326 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Yunshuo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanming Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou
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5
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The progress and development of GLUT1 inhibitors targeting cancer energy metabolism. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2333-2352. [PMID: 31581916 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A major difference between glucose metabolism in cancer cells and normal cells is that glucose in cancer cells is preferably converted to lactate in aerobic conditions rather than oxidized in mitochondria. This process is called aerobic glycolysis, known as the 'Warburg effect'. In this review, we focus on the energy-metabolism characteristics between tumor and normal cells, analyzing the regulation mechanism of energy metabolism based on glycolysis, and summarizing two targets on the upstream proteins of glycolysis, including glucose transporter (GLUT) and hexokinase. In addition, we proposed the risks and limitations of GLUT1-based drug research and summarized the current research progress of representative drugs, including natural and synthetic GLUT1 inhibitors. This will provide guidance for designing and synthesizing small molecule drugs targeting GLUT1 in glycolysis.
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6
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Liu KG, Kim JI, Olszewski K, Barsotti AM, Morris K, Lamarque C, Yu X, Gaffney J, Feng XJ, Patel JP, Poyurovsky MV. Discovery and Optimization of Glucose Uptake Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5201-5211. [PMID: 32282207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis, originally identified by Warburg as a hallmark of cancer, has recently been implicated in immune cell activation and growth. Glucose, the starting material for glycolysis, is transported through the cellular membrane by a family of glucose transporters (GLUTs). Therefore, targeting glucose transporters to regulate aerobic glycolysis is an attractive approach to identify potential therapeutic agents for cancers and autoimmune diseases. Herein, we describe the discovery and optimization of a class of potent, orally bioavailable inhibitors of glucose transporters, targeting both GLUT1 and GLUT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Liu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ji-In Kim
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Kellen Olszewski
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Anthony M Barsotti
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Koi Morris
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Christophe Lamarque
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jack Gaffney
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Xiao-Jiang Feng
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jeegar P Patel
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Masha V Poyurovsky
- Kadmon Corporation, LLC., 450 East 29th Street, New York, New York 10016, United States
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7
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Brigo F, Striano P, Belcastro V. A reappraisal of atypical absence seizures in children and adults: therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:2115-2120. [PMID: 31446808 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2019.1656716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atypical absences are generalized epileptic seizures typically affecting children with severe epilepsies and learning difficulties along with other seizure types. Video-EEG is essential for their diagnosis. Recently, atypical absence seizures have been reported as a hallmark of some developmental and epileptic encephalopathies.Areas covered: This is a narrative review of the literature which describes the electroclinical features of atypical seizures, the characteristics of developmental epileptic encephalopathies in which this seizure type can occur, and the evidence supporting the use of individual antiseizure drugs for the treatment of atypical absences.Expert opinion: Treatment of absence seizures typically relies on ethosuximide (ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures), valproate (associated with larger proportion of adverse events), or lamotrigine (less effective than the other two). However, unlike typical absences, atypical absences are usually intractable, persist lifetime, and their prognosis depends on the underlying etiology or associated epilepsy syndrome. Besides efficacy, other relevant factors, such as drug formulation, ease of titration and dosing, and drug interactions, should be considered. Drugs that may worsen epilepsy, cognition and behavior should be avoided. In the vast majority of patients, a polytherapy is required, although usually with limited efficacy. Finally, epilepsy syndromes featuring atypical absences require a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Brigo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Franz Tappeiner Hospital, Merano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, DINOGMI-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
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8
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Karageorgis G, Reckzeh ES, Ceballos J, Schwalfenberg M, Sievers S, Ostermann C, Pahl A, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Chromopynones are pseudo natural product glucose uptake inhibitors targeting glucose transporters GLUT-1 and -3. Nat Chem 2018; 10:1103-1111. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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9
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Upregulation of Glucose Uptake and Hexokinase Activity of Primary Human CD4+ T Cells in Response to Infection with HIV-1. Viruses 2018. [PMID: 29518929 PMCID: PMC5869507 DOI: 10.3390/v10030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of primary CD4+ T cells with HIV-1 coincides with an increase in glycolysis. We investigated the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT) and glycolytic enzymes in human CD4+ T cells in response to infection with HIV-1. We demonstrate the co-expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT6 in human CD4+ T cells after activation, and their concerted overexpression in HIV-1 infected cells. The investigation of glycolytic enzymes demonstrated activation-dependent expression of hexokinases HK1 and HK2 in human CD4+ T cells, and a highly significant increase in cellular hexokinase enzyme activity in response to infection with HIV-1. HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells showed a marked increase in expression of HK1, as well as the functionally related voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein, but not HK2. The elevation of GLUT, HK1, and VDAC expression in HIV-1 infected cells mirrored replication kinetics and was dependent on virus replication, as evidenced by the use of reverse transcription inhibitors. Finally, we demonstrated that the upregulation of HK1 in HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells is independent of the viral accessory proteins Vpu, Vif, Nef, and Vpr. Though these data are consistent with HIV-1 dependency on CD4+ T cell glucose metabolism, a cellular response mechanism to infection cannot be ruled out.
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10
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Harada N, Yoda Y, Yotsumoto Y, Masuda T, Takahashi Y, Katsuki T, Kai K, Shiraki N, Inui H, Yamaji R. Androgen signaling expands β-cell mass in male rats and β-cell androgen receptor is degraded under high-glucose conditions. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E274-E286. [PMID: 29138225 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00211.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A deficient pancreatic β-cell mass increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we investigated the effects of testosterone on the development of pancreatic β-cell mass in male rats. The β-cell mass of male rats castrated at 6 wk of age was reduced to ~30% of that of control rats at 16 wk of age, and castration caused glucose intolerance. Loss of β-cell mass occurred because of decreases in islet density per pancreas and β-cell cluster size. Castration was negatively associated with the number of Ki-67-positive β-cells and positively associated with the number of TUNEL-positive β-cells. These β-cell changes could be prevented by testosterone treatment. In contrast, castration did not affect β-cell mass in male mice. Androgen receptor (AR) localized differently in mouse and rat β-cells. Testosterone enhanced the viability of INS-1 and INS-1 #6, which expresses high levels of AR, in rat β-cell lines. siRNA-mediated AR knockdown or AR antagonism with hydroxyflutamide attenuated this enhancement. Moreover, testosterone did not stimulate INS-1 β-cell viability under high d-glucose conditions. In INS-1 β-cells, d-glucose dose dependently (5.5-22.2 mM) downregulated AR protein levels both in the presence and absence of testosterone. The intracellular calcium chelator (BAPTA-AM) could prevent this decrease in AR expression. AR levels were also reduced by a calcium ionophore (A23187), but not by insulin, in the absence of the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Our results indicate that testosterone regulates β-cell mass, at least in part, by AR activation in the β-cells of male rats and that the β-cell AR is degraded under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Harada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yusuke Yotsumoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Masuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yuji Takahashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Takahiro Katsuki
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Kenji Kai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inui
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka , Japan
| | - Ryoichi Yamaji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka , Japan
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11
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Abstract
The Warburg effect describes how most cancer cells exhibit higher-than-normal glucose consumption, not only under hypoxic conditions, but also when normal oxygen levels are present. Although glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) has been found to play a key role in the cellular uptake of glucose, especially in cancer cells, where it is generally overexpressed, it has not been given consideration as a suitable target for the development of anticancer drugs. In this chapter, an example of molecular design and realization of novel GLUT1 inhibitors, including in silico modeling, chemical synthesis, and biological characterization, is provided. This process started with the identification of a focused series of oxime derivatives, originally designed as estrogen receptor (ER) ligands, which were structurally optimized in order to direct their activity towards GLUT1 and to minimize their binding to the ERs, leading to the production of efficient and selective inhibitors of glucose uptake in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Abstract
The tolerance to adriamycin of cancer as a common and stubborn obstacle occurred during curing breast cancer patients needs to be overcome. In the present study, we explored whether inhibiting the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) could restore the activity of adriamycin in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 resistant to adriamycin and the possible underlying mechanisms. Adriamycin-resistant cell line MCF-7/ADR was selected stepwise from the parental MCF-7 cells and the level of GLUT1 was measured. Then, the MCF-7/ADR cells were incubated with adriamycin, WZB117 (a specific GLUT1 inhibitor), or both. The viability, proliferation and apoptosis of cells and the level of glucose and lactate were measured, respectively. Finally, the cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins were isolated and the activity of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/phosphorylated AMPK, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/phosphorylated mTOR, and apoptotic-related protein BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), Bcl-2 was assayed by western blot. We found that WZB117 resensitized MCF-7/ADR to adriamycin and increased BAX translocated to mitochondria, which through activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR in a high probability. Inhibition of the GLUT1 could partially restore the antineoplastic effects of adriamycin in the adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 cell line possibly through activating the AMPK, downregulating the mTOR pathway, and increasing the BAX translocation to mitochondria.
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13
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Ravanan P, Srikumar IF, Talwar P. Autophagy: The spotlight for cellular stress responses. Life Sci 2017; 188:53-67. [PMID: 28866100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular mechanism which plays "housekeeping" role in normal physiological processes including removing of long lived, aggregated and misfolded proteins, clearing damaged organelles, growth regulation and aging. Autophagy is also involved in a variety of biological functions like development, cellular differentiation, defense against pathogens and nutritional starvation. The integration of autophagy into these biological functions and other stress responses is determined by the transcriptional factors that undertake the regulatory mechanism. This review discusses the machinery of autophagy, the molecular web that connects autophagy to various stress responses like inflammation, hypoxia, ER stress, and various other pathologic conditions. Defects in autophagy regulation play a central role in number of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, pathogen infection and metabolic diseases. Similarly, inhibiting autophagy would contribute in the treatment of cancer. However, understanding the biology of autophagy regulation requires pharmacologically active compounds which modulate the autophagy process. Inducers of autophagy are currently receiving considerable attention as autophagy upregulation may be a therapeutic benefit for certain neurodegenerative diseases (via removal of protein aggregates) while the inhibitors are being investigated for the treatment of cancers. Both induction and inhibition of autophagy have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer. This dual role of autophagy in cancers is now getting uncovered by the advancement in the research findings and development of effective autophagy modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India.
| | - Ida Florance Srikumar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
| | - Priti Talwar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
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14
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Wei C, Bajpai R, Sharma H, Heitmeier M, Jain AD, Matulis SM, Nooka AK, Mishra RK, Hruz PW, Schiltz GE, Shanmugam M. Development of GLUT4-selective antagonists for multiple myeloma therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:573-586. [PMID: 28837922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells consume more glucose to fuel metabolic programs fundamental to sustaining their survival, growth and proliferation. Among the fourteen SLC2A family members, GLUTs 1 and 4 are high-affinity glucose transporters. GLUT4 (SLC2A4) is highly expressed in muscle and adipose tissue. Basally retained within the cell, GLUT4 traffics to the plasma membrane (PM) in response to insulin and exercise-stimulation. The plasma cell malignancy multiple myeloma (MM) exhibits increased constitutive expression of GLUT4 on the PM, co-opting use of GLUT4 for survival and proliferation. GLUT4 inhibition by knockdown or treatment with the FDA-approved HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir leads to cytostatic and/or cytotoxic and chemosensitizing effects in tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. We recently reported our generation of GLUT4 homology models and virtual high-throughput screening (vHTS) to identify multiple series of novel GLUT4 antagonists. In this report, we describe our initial hit-to-lead optimization to synthesize new analogs with improved potency and selectivity for GLUT4, and the biological characterization of these compounds in a variety of assays. We show that our lead compound (compound 20) decreases glucose uptake and cell proliferation as well as inhibits the expression of pro-survival MCL-1 in MM similar to the effect observed via knockdown of GLUT4 expression. Compound 20 is also effective at chemosensitizing multiple myeloma cell lines and patient samples to venetoclax, dexamethasone and melphalan. In sum, we report development of selective GLUT4 inhibitors lacking inhibitory activity against GLUT1 and GLUT8. We show that selective pharmacological inhibition of GLUT4 is feasible and this may represent a novel strategy for the treatment and chemosensitization of multiple myeloma to standard therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Wei
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richa Bajpai
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Horrick Sharma
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Monique Heitmeier
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Atul D Jain
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shannon M Matulis
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ajay K Nooka
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Rama K Mishra
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Paul W Hruz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary E Schiltz
- Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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15
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Abstract
Facilitative carbohydrate transporters-Gluts-have received wide attention over decades due to their essential role in nutrient uptake and links with various metabolic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Endeavors directed towards understanding the mechanisms of Glut-mediated nutrient uptake have resulted in a multidisciplinary research field spanning protein chemistry, chemical biology, organic synthesis, crystallography, and biomolecular modeling. Gluts became attractive targets for cancer research and medicinal chemistry, leading to the development of new approaches to cancer diagnostics and providing avenues for cancer-targeting therapeutics. In this review, the current state of knowledge of the molecular interactions behind Glut-mediated sugar uptake, Glut-targeting probes, therapeutics, and inhibitors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Joseph R Fedie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
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16
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Yu Y, Cai Z, Yuan W, Liu P, Sun P. Radical Addition/Insertion/Cyclization Cascade Reaction To Assemble Phenanthridines from N-Arylacrylamide Using Cyano as a Bridge under Photoredox Catalysis. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8148-8156. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weiwen Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peipei Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials
Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycle Processes
and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of
Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Siebeneicher H, Cleve A, Rehwinkel H, Neuhaus R, Heisler I, Müller T, Bauser M, Buchmann B. Identification and Optimization of the First Highly Selective GLUT1 Inhibitor BAY-876. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2261-2271. [PMID: 27552707 PMCID: PMC5095872 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the long‐known fact that the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT1 is one of the key players safeguarding the increase in glucose consumption of many tumor entities even under conditions of normal oxygen supply (known as the Warburg effect), only few endeavors have been undertaken to find a GLUT1‐selective small‐molecule inhibitor. Because other transporters of the GLUT1 family are involved in crucial processes, these transporters should not be addressed by such an inhibitor. A high‐throughput screen against a library of ∼3 million compounds was performed to find a small molecule with this challenging potency and selectivity profile. The N‐(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)quinoline‐4‐carboxamides were identified as an excellent starting point for further compound optimization. After extensive structure–activity relationship explorations, single‐digit nanomolar inhibitors with a selectivity factor of >100 against GLUT2, GLUT3, and GLUT4 were obtained. The most promising compound, BAY‐876 [N4‐[1‐(4‐cyanobenzyl)‐5‐methyl‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl]‐7‐fluoroquinoline‐2,4‐dicarboxamide], showed good metabolic stability in vitro and high oral bioavailability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arwed Cleve
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Granchi C, Fortunato S, Minutolo F. Anticancer agents interacting with membrane glucose transporters. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 7:1716-1729. [PMID: 28042452 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The altered metabolism observed in cancer cells generally consists in increased glucose uptake and glycolytic activity. This is associated with an overexpression of glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs), which facilitate glucose uptake across the plasma membrane and play a crucial role in the survival of cancer cells. Therefore GLUTs are considered as suitable targets for the treatment of cancer. Herein we review some of the most relevant GLUT inhibitors that have been recently developed as prospective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Fortunato
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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19
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Identification of novel GLUT inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1732-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Sellstedt M, Schwalfenberg M, Ziegler S, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Trienamine catalyzed asymmetric synthesis and biological investigation of a cytochalasin B-inspired compound collection. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:50-4. [PMID: 26606903 PMCID: PMC4766597 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to their enhanced metabolic needs many cancers need a sufficient supply of glucose, and novel inhibitors of glucose import are in high demand. Cytochalasin B (CB) is a potent natural glucose import inhibitor which also impairs the actin cytoskeleton leading to undesired toxicity. With a view to identifying selective glucose import inhibitors we have developed an enantioselective trienamine catalyzed synthesis of a CB-inspired compound collection. Biological analysis revealed that indeed actin impairment can be distinguished from glucose import inhibition and led to the identification of the first selective glucose import inhibitor based on the basic structural architecture of cytochalasin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Sellstedt
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Melanie Schwalfenberg
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Max-Planck-Institute für Molekulare Physiologie , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany .
- Technische Universität Dortmund , Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6 , 44221 Dortmund , Germany
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21
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Trifluoromethylation of aromatic alkenes by visible-light-driven photoredox catalysis: Direct conversion of alkenes to 3-trifluoromethyl-1-propenyl and 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1-propenyl derivatives. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Lai IL, Chou CC, Lai PT, Fang CS, Shirley LA, Yan R, Mo X, Bloomston M, Kulp SK, Bekaii-Saab T, Chen CS. Targeting the Warburg effect with a novel glucose transporter inhibitor to overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2203-13. [PMID: 24879635 PMCID: PMC4178465 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Here, we used a novel glucose transporter (Glut) inhibitor, CG-5, as a proof-of-concept compound to investigate the therapeutic utility of targeting the Warburg effect to overcome gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer. The effects of gemcitabine and/or CG-5 on viability, survival, glucose uptake and DNA damage were evaluated in gemcitabine-sensitive and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines. Mechanistic studies were conducted to determine the molecular basis of gemcitabine resistance and the mechanism of CG-5-induced sensitization to gemcitabine. The effects of CG-5 on gemcitabine sensitivity were investigated in a xenograft tumor model of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer. In contrast to gemcitabine-sensitive pancreatic cancer cells, the resistant Panc-1 and Panc-1(GemR) cells responded to gemcitabine by increasing the expression of ribonucleotide reductase M2 catalytic subunit (RRM2) through E2F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Acting as a pan-Glut inhibitor, CG-5 abrogated this gemcitabine-induced upregulation of RRM2 through decreased E2F1 expression, thereby enhancing gemcitabine-induced DNA damage and inhibition of cell survival. This CG-5-induced inhibition of E2F1 expression was mediated by the induction of a previously unreported E2F1-targeted microRNA, miR-520f. The addition of oral CG-5 to gemcitabine therapy caused greater suppression of Panc-1(GemR) xenograft tumor growth in vivo than either drug alone. Glut inhibition may be an effective strategy to enhance gemcitabine activity for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lu Lai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | | | - Po-Ting Lai
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | | | | | - Ribai Yan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
| | | | | | | | - Tanios Bekaii-Saab
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA and
| | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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Chou CC, Salunke SB, Kulp SK, Chen CS. Prospects on strategies for therapeutically targeting oncogenic regulatory factors by small-molecule agents. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:611-24. [PMID: 24166934 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the Human Genome Project has raised much hope for the identification of druggable genetic targets for cancer and other diseases, this genetic target-based approach has not improved productivity in drug discovery over the traditional approach. Analyses of known human target proteins of currently marketed drugs reveal that these drugs target only a limited number of proteins as compared to the whole proteome. In contrast to genome-based targets, mechanistic targets are derived from empirical research, at cellular or molecular levels, in disease models and/or in patients, thereby enabling the exploration of a greater number of druggable targets beyond the genome and epigenome. The paradigm shift has made a tremendous headway in developing new therapeutic agents targeting different clinically relevant mechanisms/pathways in cancer cells. In this Prospects article, we provide an overview of potential drug targets related to the following four emerging areas: (1) tumor metabolism (the Warburg effect), (2) dysregulated protein turnover (E3 ubiquitin ligases), (3) protein-protein interactions, and (4) unique DNA high-order structures and protein-DNA interactions. Nonetheless, considering the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities that characterize cancer cells, the development of drug resistance in cancer cells by adapting signaling circuitry to take advantage of redundant pathways or feedback/crosstalk systems is possible. This "phenotypic adaptation" underlies the rationale of using therapeutic combinations of these targeted agents with cytotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chien Chou
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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24
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Granchi C, Fancelli D, Minutolo F. An update on therapeutic opportunities offered by cancer glycolytic metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4915-25. [PMID: 25288186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Almost all invasive cancers, regardless of tissue origin, are characterized by specific modifications of their cellular energy metabolism. In fact, a strong predominance of aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation (Warburg effect) is usually associated with aggressive tumour phenotypes. This metabolic shift offers a survival advantage to cancer cells, since they may continue to produce energy and anabolites even when they are exposed to either transient or permanent hypoxic conditions. Moreover, it ensures a high production rate of glycolysis intermediates, useful as building blocks for fast cell proliferation of cancer cells. This peculiar metabolic profile may constitute an ideal target for therapeutic interventions that selectively hit cancer cells with minimal residual systemic toxicity. In this review we provide an update about some of the most recent advances in the discovery of new bioactive molecules that are able to interfere with cancer glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Fancelli
- Drug Discovery Program, Experimental Oncology Department, European Institute of Oncology IEO, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Kuntz S, Mazerbourg S, Boisbrun M, Cerella C, Diederich M, Grillier-Vuissoz I, Flament S. Energy restriction mimetic agents to target cancer cells: comparison between 2-deoxyglucose and thiazolidinediones. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:102-11. [PMID: 25083915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of energy restriction mimetic agents (ERMAs) to selectively target cancer cells addicted to glycolysis could be a promising therapeutic approach. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are synthetic agonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ that were developed to treat type II diabetes. These compounds also display anticancer effects which appear mainly to be independent of their PPARγ agonist activity but the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer action are not yet well understood. Results obtained on ciglitazone derivatives, mainly in prostate cancer cell models, suggest that these compounds could act as ERMAs. In the present paper, we introduce how compounds like 2-deoxyglucose target the Warburg effect and then we discuss the possibility that the PPARγ-independent effects of various TZD could result from their action as ERMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kuntz
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Sabine Mazerbourg
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Michel Boisbrun
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer. Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Diederich
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer. Hôpital Kirchberg, L-2540, Luxembourg; Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Isabelle Grillier-Vuissoz
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France
| | - Stephane Flament
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54506, France.
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26
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Bordessa A, Colin-Cassin C, Grillier-Vuissoz I, Kuntz S, Mazerbourg S, Husson G, Vo M, Flament S, Martin H, Chapleur Y, Boisbrun M. Optimization of troglitazone derivatives as potent anti-proliferative agents: towards more active and less toxic compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:129-40. [PMID: 24953030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Δ2-Troglitazone derivatives were shown to exhibit anti-proliferative activity in a PPARγ-independent manner. We prepared various compounds in order to increase their potency and decrease their toxicity towards non-malignant primary cultured hepatocytes. Many compounds induced viabilities less than 20% at 10 μM on various cancer cell lines. Furthermore, five of them showed hepatocyte viability of 80% or more at 200 μM. In addition, compounds 17 and 18 exhibited promising maximum tolerated doses on a murine model, enabling future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bordessa
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Christelle Colin-Cassin
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Isabelle Grillier-Vuissoz
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sandra Kuntz
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sabine Mazerbourg
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Gauthier Husson
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Vo
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Flament
- Université de Lorraine, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France; CNRS, CRAN, UMR 7039, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Martin
- Université de Franche-Comté, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Cellulaire, EA 4267, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Yves Chapleur
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Michel Boisbrun
- Université de Lorraine, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; CNRS, SRSMC, UMR 7565, BP 70239, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Hypoxia-Directed Drug Strategies to Target the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 772:111-45. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5915-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Identifying novel targets in renal cell carcinoma: design and synthesis of affinity chromatography reagents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:711-20. [PMID: 24387866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Two novel scaffolds, 4-pyridylanilinothiazoles (PAT) and 3-pyridylphenylsulfonyl benzamides (PPB), previously identified as selective cytotoxins for von Hippel-Lindau-deficient Renal Carcinoma cells, were used as templates to prepare affinity chromatography reagents to aid the identification of the molecular targets of these two classes. Structure-activity data and computational models were used to predict possible points of attachment for linker chains. In the PAT class, Click coupling of long chain azides with 2- and 3-pyridylanilinothiazoleacetylenes gave triazole-linked pyridylanilinothiazoles which did not retain the VHL-dependent selectivity of parent analogues. For the PPB class, Sonagashira coupling of 4-iodo-(3-pyridylphenylsulfonyl)benzamide with a propargyl hexaethylene glycol carbamate gave an acetylene which was reduced to the corresponding alkyl 3-pyridylphenylsulfonylbenzamide. This reagent retained the VHL-dependent selectivity of the parent analogues and was successfully utilized as an affinity reagent.
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29
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Antitumor effects of energy restriction-mimetic agents: thiazolidinediones. Biol Chem 2013; 394:865-70. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2013-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Distinct metabolic strategies used by cancer cells to gain growth advantages, such as shifting from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, constitute a basis for their selective targeting as a novel approach for cancer therapy. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are ligands for the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and they are clinically used as oral hypoglycemic agents. Accumulating evidence suggests that the ability of TZDs to suppress cancer cell proliferation through the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy was, at least in part, mediated through PPARγ-independent mechanisms. This review highlights recent advances in the pharmacological exploitation of the PPARγ-independent anticancer effects of TZDs to develop novel agents targeting tumor metabolism, including glucose transporter inhibitors and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, which have translational potential as cancer therapeutic agents.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Transformed cells exhibit a high rate of glucose consumption beyond that necessary for ATP synthesis. Glucose aids in the generation of biomass and regulates cellular signaling critical for oncogenic progression. A key rate-limiting step in glucose utilization is the transport of glucose across the plasma membrane. This review will highlight key glucose transporters (GLUTs) and current therapies targeting this class of proteins. RECENT FINDINGS GLUTs, enabling the facilitative entry of glucose into a cell, are increasingly found to be deregulated in cancer. Although cancer-specific expression patterns for GLUTs are being identified, comprehensive analyses substantiating a role for individual GLUTs are still required. Studies defining GLUTs as being rate-limiting in specific tumor contexts, the identification of GLUT1 inhibitors via synthetic lethality screens, novel engagement of the insulin-responsive GLUT4 in myeloma and identification of GLUT9 being a urate transporter, are key advances underscoring the need for continued investigation of this large and enigmatic class of proteins. SUMMARY Tumor cells exhibit elevated levels of glucose uptake, a phenomenon that has been capitalized upon for the prognostic and diagnostic imaging of a wide range of cancers using radio-labeled glucose analogs. We have, however, not yet been able to target glucose entry in a tumor cell-specific manner for therapy. GLUTs have been identified as rate-limiting in specific tumor contexts. The identification and targeting of tumor-specific GLUTs provide a promising approach to block glucose-regulated metabolism and signaling more comprehensively.
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Berman-Booty LD, Chu PC, Thomas-Ahner JM, Bolon B, Wang D, Yang T, Clinton SK, Kulp SK, Chen CS. Suppression of prostate epithelial proliferation and intraprostatic progrowth signaling in transgenic mice by a new energy restriction-mimetic agent. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 6:232-41. [PMID: 23275006 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cells undergoing malignant transformation often exhibit a shift in cellular metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. This glycolytic shift, called the Warburg effect, provides a mechanistic basis for targeting glycolysis to suppress carcinogenesis through the use of dietary caloric restriction and energy restriction-mimetic agents (ERMA). We recently reported the development of a novel class of ERMAs that exhibits high potency in eliciting starvation-associated cellular responses and epigenetic changes in cancer cells though glucose uptake inhibition. The lead ERMA in this class, OSU-CG5, decreases the production of ATP and NADH in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. In this study, we examined the effect of OSU-CG5 on the severity of preneoplastic lesions in male transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Daily oral treatment with OSU-CG5 at 100 mg/kg from 6 to 10 weeks of age resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the weight of urogenital tract and microdissected dorsal, lateral, and anterior prostatic lobes relative to vehicle controls. The suppressive effect of OSU-CG5 was evidenced by marked decreases in Ki67 immunostaining and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the prostate. OSU-CG5 treatment was not associated with evidence of systemic toxicity. Microarray analysis indicated a central role for Akt, and Western blot analysis showed reduced phosphorylation and/or expression levels of Akt, Src, androgen receptor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in prostate lobes. These findings support further investigation of OSU-CG5 as a potential chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa D Berman-Booty
- College of Pharmacy, 336 Parks Hall, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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32
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Chu PC, Chuang HC, Kulp SK, Chen CS. The mRNA-stabilizing factor HuR protein is targeted by β-TrCP protein for degradation in response to glycolysis inhibition. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43639-50. [PMID: 23115237 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.393678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR acts a stress response protein whose function and/or protein stability are modulated by diverse stress stimuli through posttranslational modifications. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which metabolic stress facilitates proteasomal degradation of HuR in cancer cells. In response to the glucose transporter inhibitor CG-5, HuR translocates to the cytoplasm, where it is targeted by the ubiquitin E3 ligase β-TrCP1 for degradation. The cytoplasmic localization of HuR is facilitated by PKCα-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-318 as the Ser-318 → alanine substitution abolishes the ability of the resulting HuR to bind PKCα and to undergo nuclear export. The mechanistic link between β-TrCP1 and HuR degradation was supported by the ability of ectopically expressed β-TrCP1 to mimic CG-5 to promote HuR degradation and by the protective effect of dominant negative inhibition of β-TrCP1 on HuR ubiquitination and degradation. Substrate targeting of HuR by β-TrCP1 was further verified by coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro GST pull-down assays and by the identification of a β-TrCP1 recognition site. Although HuR does not contain a DSG destruction motif, we obtained evidence that β-TrCP1 recognizes an unconventional motif, (296)EEAMAIAS(304), in the RNA recognition motif 3. Furthermore, mutational analysis indicates that IKKα-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-304 is crucial to the binding of HuR to β-TrCP1. Mechanistically, this HuR degradation pathway differs from that reported for heat shock and hypoxia, which underlies the complexity in the regulation of HuR turnover under different stress stimuli. The ability of glycolysis inhibitors to target the expression of oncogenic proteins through HuR degradation might foster novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chen Chu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43221, USA
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Shtyren MI. [Venous pathomorphology in occlusive lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities]. Carcinogenesis 1990; 34:2694-705. [PMID: 2386438 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was performed of 80 low extremities amputated because of gangrene related to atherosclerosis (28 cases) or obliterating thromboangiitis (52 cases). Two types of vein histological changes were established: 1) changes similar to those in arteries as in the thromboangiitis 2) adaptive-compensatory changes resulting from haemodynamics disturbances as in atherosclerosis. A great number of arteriovenous anastomoses, vein wall hypertrophy with the change of their calibre were observed. Hypertrophy of the muscle layer and dilatation of the vein lumen are found in cases with long duration of the process. The differences in vein morphology in the above diseases, apart from etiology, are due to the fact that in obliterating thromboangiitis the process starts in the peripheral vessels while in atherosclerosis it begins in large arteries and the vein alterations develop at late stages. The vein alterations may serve as the differential diagnostic index in these diseases.
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