1
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Logan KM, Kaplan W, Simov V, Zhou H, Li D, Torres L, Morriello GJ, Acton JJ, Pio B, Chen YH, Keylor MH, Johnson R, Kattar SD, Chau R, Yan X, Ardolino M, Zarate C, Otte KM, Palte RL, Xiong T, McMinn SE, Lin S, Neelamkavil SF, Liu P, Su J, Hegde LG, Woodhouse JD, Moy LY, Ciaccio PJ, Piesvaux J, Zebisch M, Henry C, Barker J, Wood HB, Kennedy ME, DiMauro EF, Fell MJ, Fuller PH. Discovery and Optimization of N-Heteroaryl Indazole LRRK2 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39231262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 is a genetically supported mechanism for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. We previously disclosed the discovery of an indazole series lead that demonstrated both safety and translational risks. The safety risks were hypothesized to be of unknown origin, so structural diversity in subsequent chemical matter was prioritized. The translational risks were identified due to a low brain Kpu,u in nonhuman primate studies, which raised concern over the use of an established peripheral biomarker as a surrogate for central target engagement. Given these challenges, the team sought to leverage structure- and property-based drug design and expanded efflux transporter profiling to identify structurally distinct leads with enhanced CNS drug-likeness. Herein, we describe the discovery of a "reinvented" indazole series with improved physicochemical properties and efflux transporter profiles while maintaining excellent potency and off-target kinase selectivity, which resulted in advanced lead, compound 23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn M Logan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Will Kaplan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir Simov
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Derun Li
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Luis Torres
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Gregori J Morriello
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - John J Acton
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Barbara Pio
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yi-Heng Chen
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Mitchell H Keylor
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Solomon D Kattar
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan Chau
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Michael Ardolino
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cayetana Zarate
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Karin M Otte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tina Xiong
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Spencer E McMinn
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shishi Lin
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | | | - Ping Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jing Su
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Laxminarayan G Hegde
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Janice D Woodhouse
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Lily Y Moy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Paul J Ciaccio
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jennifer Piesvaux
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Matthias Zebisch
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Clare Henry
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - John Barker
- Evotec (U.K.) Ltd., 90 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon OX14 4RZ, Oxfordshire, U.K
| | - Harold B Wood
- Merck & Co., Inc., 126 E. Lincoln Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Matthew E Kennedy
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Erin F DiMauro
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Matthew J Fell
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter H Fuller
- Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Zhang M, Chapman M, Sarode BR, Xiong B, Liang H, Chen JK, Weerapana E, Morken JP. Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of meta benzene isosteres. Nature 2024; 633:90-95. [PMID: 39169193 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Although aromatic rings are common elements in pharmaceutically active compounds, the presence of these motifs brings several liabilities with respect to the developability of a drug1. Nonoptimal potency, metabolic stability, solubility and lipophilicity in pharmaceutical compounds can be improved by replacing aromatic rings with non-aromatic isosteric motifs2. Moreover, whereas aromatic rings are planar and lack three-dimensionality, the binding pockets of most pharmaceutical targets are chiral. Thus, the stereochemical configuration of the isosteric replacements may offer an added opportunity to improve the affinity of derived ligands for target receptors. A notable impediment to this approach is the lack of simple and scalable catalytic enantioselective syntheses of candidate isosteres from readily available precursors. Here we present a previously unknown palladium-catalysed reaction that converts hydrocarbon-derived precursors to chiral boron-containing nortricyclanes and we show that the shape of these nortricyclanes makes them plausible isosteres for meta disubstituted aromatic rings. With chiral catalysts, the Pd-catalysed reaction can be accomplished in an enantioselective fashion and subsequent transformation of the boron group provides access to a broad array of structures. We also show that the incorporation of nortricyclanes into pharmaceutical motifs can result in improved biophysical properties along with stereochemistry-dependent activity. We anticipate that these features, coupled with the simple, inexpensive synthesis of the functionalized nortricyclane scaffold, will render this platform a useful foundation for the assembly of new biologically active agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Chapman
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Bhagyesh R Sarode
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bingcong Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - James K Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - James P Morken
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA.
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3
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Zhu Y, Yi F, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Lu K. Photochemical tandem reaction of nitrogen containing heterocycles, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, and difluoroiodane(III) reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7024-7034. [PMID: 39143911 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
A visible light-induced difluoroalkylation/heteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane with nitrogen containing heterocycles and difluoroiodane(III) reagents was achieved. Various heteroarenes and difluoroiodane(III) reagents exhibited good compatibility, yielding the desired products in moderate to good yields. The accessibility of the reagents and the mild reaction conditions establish this method as an alternative and practical strategy for accessing diverse 1-difluoroalkyl-3-heteroaryl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Fengchao Yi
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Ningning Zhou
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry, TianJin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, TianJin Normal University, TianJin, 300387, China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
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4
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Xiao Y, Dong J, Wang Y, Liao H, Dang J, Li G, Xue D. Photoinduced Multicomponent Heteroarylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with Katritzky Pyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:7026-7030. [PMID: 39140838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
(Hetero)arylated bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are important for the construction of complex druglike target molecules. Herein, we developed a method for light-induced, Cs2CO3-promoted homolytic cleavage of pyridinium C-N bonds for generating alkyl radicals from amino acid-derived Katritzky salts and use of the radicals for functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane to rapidly generate (hetero)arylated BCPs. The method features excellent functional group tolerance and a broad substrate scope and can be used to functionalize structurally complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
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5
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Tsien J, Hu C, Merchant RR, Qin T. Three-dimensional saturated C(sp 3)-rich bioisosteres for benzene. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:605-627. [PMID: 38982260 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Benzenes, the most ubiquitous structural moiety in marketed small-molecule drugs, are frequently associated with poor 'drug-like' properties, including metabolic instability, and poor aqueous solubility. In an effort to overcome these limitations, recent developments in medicinal chemistry have demonstrated the improved physicochemical profiles of C(sp3)-rich bioisosteric scaffolds relative to arenes. In the past two decades, we have witnessed an exponential increase in synthetic methods for accessing saturated bioisosteres of monosubstituted and para-substituted benzenes. However, until recent discoveries, analogous three-dimensional ortho-substituted and meta-substituted biososteres have remained underexplored, owing to their ring strain and increased s-character hybridization. This Review summarizes the emerging synthetic methodologies to access such saturated motifs and their impact on the application of bioisosteres for ortho-substituted, meta-substituted and multi-substituted benzene rings. It concludes with a perspective on the development of next-generation bioisosteres, including those within novel chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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6
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Sterling AJ, Smith RC, Anderson EA, Duarte F. Beyond Strain Release: Delocalization-Enabled Organic Reactivity. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9979-9989. [PMID: 38970491 PMCID: PMC11267611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The release of strain energy is a fundamental driving force for organic reactions. However, absolute strain energy alone is an insufficient predictor of reactivity, evidenced by the similar ring strain but disparate reactivity of cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes. In this work, we demonstrate that electronic delocalization is a key factor that operates alongside strain release to boost, or even dominate, reactivity. This delocalization principle extends across a wide range of molecules containing three-membered rings such as epoxides, aziridines, and propellanes and also applies to strain-driven cycloaddition reactions. Our findings lead to a "rule of thumb" for the accurate prediction of activation barriers in such systems, which can be easily applied to reactions involving many of the strained building blocks commonly encountered in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, polymer science, and bioconjugation. Given the significance of electronic delocalization in organic chemistry, for example in aromatic π-systems and hyperconjugation, we anticipate that this concept will serve as a versatile tool to understand and predict organic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair J. Sterling
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University
of Texas at Dallas, 800
W. Campbell Rad, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Russell C. Smith
- Abbvie
Drug Discovery Science & Technology (DDST), 1 North Waukegan Road, North
Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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7
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Nugent J, López-Francés A, Sterling AJ, Tay MY, Frank N, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Anderson EA. α-Amino bicycloalkylation through organophotoredox catalysis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10918-10925. [PMID: 39027309 PMCID: PMC11253163 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01368a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bridged bicycloalkanes such as bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) and bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (BCHeps) are important motifs in contemporary drug design due to their potential to act as bioisosteres of disubstituted benzene rings, often resulting in compounds with improved physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Access to such motifs with proximal nitrogen atoms (i.e. α-amino/amido bicycloalkanes) is highly desirable for drug discovery applications, but their synthesis is challenging. Here we report an approach to α-amino BCPs and BCHeps through the visible-light enabled addition of α-amino radicals to the interbridgehead C-C bonds of [1.1.1] and [3.1.1]propellane respectively. The reaction proceeds under exceptionally mild conditions and displays broad substrate scope, providing access to an array of medicinally-relevant BCP and BCHep products. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies provide evidence for a radical chain pathway which depends critically on the stability of the α-amino radical, as well as effective catalyst turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nugent
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Adrián López-Francés
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU Paseo de la Universidad 7 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Min Yi Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Nils Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development Eastern Point Road, Groton Connecticut 06340 USA
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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8
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Silvi E, Wei WJ, Johansson MJ, Himo F, Mendoza A. Uncatalyzed Diboron Activation by a Strained Hydrocarbon: Experimental and Theoretical Study of [1.1.1]Propellane Diborylation. Chemistry 2024:e202402152. [PMID: 38940291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of strained carbocyclic building blocks is relevant for Medicinal Chemistry, and methylenecyclobutanes are particularly challenging with current synthetic technology. Careful inspection of the reactivity of [1.1.1]propellane and diboron reagents has revealed that bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2) can produce a bis(borylated) methylenecyclobutane in a few minutes at room temperature. This reaction constitutes the first example of B-B bond activation by a special apolar hydrocarbon and also the first time that propellane is electrophilically activated by boron. Mechanistic studies including in situ NMR kinetics and DFT calculations demonstrate that the diboron moiety can be directly activated through coordination with the inverted sigma bond of propellane, and reveal that DMF is involved in the stabilization of diboronate ylide intermediates rather than the activation of the B-B bond. These results enable new possibilities for both diboron and propellane chemistry, and for further developments in the synthesis of methylenecyclobutanes based on propellane strain release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Silvi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (eCVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wen-Jie Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (eCVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Institute of Molecular Science (ICMol), University of Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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9
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Smyrnov OK, Melnykov KP, Pashenko OY, Volochnyuk DM, Ryabukhin SV. Stellane at the Forefront: Derivatization and Reactivity Studies of a Promising Saturated Bioisostere of ortho-Substituted Benzenes. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
This work highlights stellane's cage stability and derivatization opportunities. A diverse range of building blocks were synthesized using modern synthesis protocols to demonstrate stellane's reactivity and chemical tolerance across different reaction systems, proving its promise as a bioisosteric scaffold. It can be utilized in scaffold-based molecular design and is superior in terms of topological precision compared to existing ortho isosteres, as well as monosubstituted benzene mimetics, holding the potential to become a robust platform for future medicinal chemistry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh K Smyrnov
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Ye Pashenko
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Serhiy V Ryabukhin
- Enamine Ltd., 78 Winston Churchill Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademik Kuhar Street, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine
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10
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Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhan ZJ, Fan Q, Xiao XQ, Bai Y, Ni SF, Shao X. Synthesis of Azo-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) via Base-Promoted Halogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:4406-4410. [PMID: 38742800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Because of the three-dimensional bioisosteric feature, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines (BCPAs) are valuable scaffolds in synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Here, we report a Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) mediated radical C-N coupling between C3-iodo-BCPs and diazonium salts in the presence of base. Similarly, a multicomponent reaction (MCR) enables the simultaneous construction of the C-C bond and C-N bond simultaneously. Versatile roles of diazonium salts were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchuang Zhao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Jin Zhan
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qiujin Fan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Qiong Xiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Ying Bai
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guang-dong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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11
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Shan JR, Yan H, Hao EJ, Shi L. Titanium catalyzed [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes with 1,3-dienes for efficient synthesis of stilbene bioisosteres. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4374. [PMID: 38782978 PMCID: PMC11116475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural stilbenes have shown significant potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases due to their diverse pharmacological activities. Here we present a mild and effective Ti-catalyzed intermolecular radical-relay [2σ + 2π] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes and 1,3-dienes. This transformation enables the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane (BCH) scaffolds containing aryl vinyl groups with excellent regio- and trans-selectivity and broad functional group tolerance, thus offering rapid access to structurally diverse stilbene bioisosteres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhixian Wu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Ran Shan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Huaipu Yan
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Er-Jun Hao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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12
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Suresh R, Orbach N, Marek I. Synthesis of Stereodefined Polysubstituted Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13748-13753. [PMID: 38722207 PMCID: PMC11117409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly diastereoselective synthesis of polysubstituted bicyclobutanes possessing up to three stereodefined quaternary centers and five substituents. Our strategy involves a diastereoselective carbometalation of cyclopropenes followed by a cyclization to furnish the bicyclobutane ring system. This straightforward approach allows for the incorporation of a diverse range of substituents and functional groups, notably without the need for electron-withdrawing functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Suresh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Noam Orbach
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion−Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
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13
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Yang L, Wang H, Lang M, Wang J, Peng S. B(C 6F 5) 3-Catalyzed Formal ( n + 3) ( n = 5 and 6) Cycloaddition of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes to Medium Bicyclo[ n.1.1]alkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4104-4110. [PMID: 38700913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a B(C6F5)3-catalyzed formal (n + 3) (n = 5 and 6) cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with imidazolidines/hexahydropyrimidines is described. The reaction provides a modular, atom-economical, and efficient strategy to two libraries of synthetically challenging medium-bridged rings, 2,5-diazabicyclo[5.1.1]nonanes and 2,6-diazabicyclo[6.1.1]decanes, in moderate to excellent yields. This reaction also features simple operation, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope. A scale-up experiment and various synthetic transformations of products further highlight the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Peng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People's Republic of China
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14
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Barbeira-Arán S, Sánchez-Sordo I, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Chiral Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes via Multicomponent Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3784-3789. [PMID: 38688018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as important structural motifs in drug design. However, asymmetric transformations that provide chiral BCPs bearing an adjacent stereocenter are still scarce. Here, we report a catalytic methodology for the enantioselective synthesis of α-chiral 1,3-difunctionalized BCPs from a three-component coupling of [1.1.1]propellane, a Grignard reagent, and an allylic phosphate. The reaction proceeds via the addition of the Grignard reagent to [1.1.1]propellane followed by an asymmetric N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed allylic substitution of the resulting BCP-Grignard, providing a broad range of α-chiral BCPs with excellent levels of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Barbeira-Arán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Sordo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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15
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Kraemer Y, Buldt JA, Kong WY, Stephens AM, Ragan AN, Park S, Haidar ZC, Patel AH, Shey R, Dagan R, McLoughlin CP, Fettinger JC, Tantillo DJ, Pitts CR. Overcoming a Radical Polarity Mismatch in Strain-Release Pentafluorosulfanylation of [1.1.0]Bicyclobutanes: An Entryway to Sulfone- and Carbonyl-Containing SF 5-Cyclobutanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319930. [PMID: 38237059 PMCID: PMC11045327 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first assortment of achiral pentafluorosulfanylated cyclobutanes (SF5-CBs) are now synthetically accessible through strain-release functionalization of [1.1.0]bicyclobutanes (BCBs) using SF5Cl. Methods for both chloropentafluorosulfanylation and hydropentafluorosulfanylation of sulfone-based BCBs are detailed herein, as well as proof-of-concept that the logic extends to tetrafluoro(aryl)sulfanylation, tetrafluoro(trifluoromethyl)sulfanylation, and three-component pentafluorosulfanylation reactions. The methods presented enable isolation of both syn and anti isomers of SF5-CBs, but we also demonstrate that this innate selectivity can be overridden in chloropentafluorosulfanylation; that is, an anti-stereoselective variant of SF5Cl addition across sulfone-based BCBs can be achieved by using inexpensive copper salt additives. Considering the SF5 group and CBs have been employed individually as nonclassical bioisosteres, structural aspects of these unique SF5-CB "hybrid isosteres" were then contextualized using SC-XRD. From a mechanistic standpoint, chloropentafluorosulfanylation ostensibly proceeds through a curious polarity mismatch addition of electrophilic SF5 radicals to the electrophilic sites of the BCBs. Upon examining carbonyl-containing BCBs, we also observed rare instances whereby radical addition to the 1-position of a BCB occurs. The nature of the key C(sp3)-SF5 bond formation step - among other mechanistic features of the methods we disclose - was investigated experimentally and with DFT calculations. Lastly, we demonstrate compatibility of SF5-CBs with various downstream functionalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Kraemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jón Atiba Buldt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wang-Yeuk Kong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alexander M Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abbey N Ragan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soojun Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zane C Haidar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ansh Hiten Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rachel Shey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roee Dagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Connor P McLoughlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dean J Tantillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Alcázar J, Anderson EA, Davies HML, Febrian R, Kelly CB, Noël T, Voight EA, Zarate C, Zysman-Colman E. Better Together: Catalyzing Innovation in Organic Synthesis via Academic-Industrial Consortia. Org Lett 2024; 26:2677-2681. [PMID: 38284620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alcázar
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Janssen-Cilag, S. A., Jarama 75 A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Huw M L Davies
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Rio Febrian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Discovery Process Research, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A Voight
- Discovery Research, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N Waukegan Rd, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Cayetana Zarate
- Chemical Process R&D, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine, Janssen-Cilag AG, Hochstrasse 201, 8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9ST St Andrews, U.K
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17
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Posz JM, Sharma N, Royalty PA, Liu Y, Salome C, Fessard TC, Brown MK. Synthesis of Borylated Carbocycles by [2 + 2]-Cycloadditions and Photo-Ene Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10142-10149. [PMID: 38536870 PMCID: PMC11041674 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Saturated bicyclic compounds make up a valuable class of building blocks in the development of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Here, we present the synthesis of borylated bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via crossed [2 + 2]-cycloaddition. Due to the presence of the C-B bond, a variety of structures can be easily prepared that are not accessible by other methods. Moreover, a rare photo-ene reaction is also disclosed, allowing for the diastereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted borylated cyclopentanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarett M Posz
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Neetu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Paige A Royalty
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yanyao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christophe Salome
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Thomas C Fessard
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental Area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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18
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Bai D, Guo X, Wang X, Xu W, Cheng R, Wei D, Lan Y, Chang J. Umpolung reactivity of strained C-C σ-bonds without transition-metal catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2833. [PMID: 38565533 PMCID: PMC10987681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Umpolung is an old and important concept in organic chemistry, which significantly expands the chemical space and provides unique structures. While, previous research focused on carbonyls or imine derivatives, the umpolung reactivity of polarized C-C σ-bonds still needs to explore. Herein, we report an umpolung reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) with electron-deficient alkenes to construct the C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond at the electrophilic position of C-C σ-bonds in BCBs without any transition-metal catalysis. Specifically, this transformation relies on the strain-release driven bridging σ-bonds in bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs), which are emerged as ene components, providing an efficient and straightforward synthesis route of various functionalized cyclobutenes and conjugated dienes, respectively. The synthetic utilities of this protocol are performed by several transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies including density functional theory (DFT) calculation support the concerted Alder-ene type process of C-C σ-bond cleavage with hydrogen transfer. This work extends the umpolung reaction to C-C σ-bonds and provides high-value structural motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiuli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xinghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ruoshi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry and Institute of Green Catalysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
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19
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Cuadros S, Paut J, Anselmi E, Dagousset G, Magnier E, Dell'Amico L. Light-Driven Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicycloalkanes, Cubanes and Related Bioisosteres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317333. [PMID: 38179801 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bicycloalkanes, cubanes and their structural analogues have emerged as bioisosteres of (hetero)arenes. To meet increasing demand, the chemical community has developed a plethora of novel synthetic methods. In this review, we assess the progress made in the field of light-driven construction and functionalization of such relevant molecules. We have focused on diverse structural targets, as well as on reaction processes giving access to: (i) [1.1.1]-bicyclopentanes (BCPs); (ii) [2.2.1]-bicyclohexanes (BCHs); (iii) [3.1.1]-bicycloheptanes (BCHeps); and (iv) cubanes; as well as other structurally related scaffolds. Finally, future perspectives dealing with the identification of novel reaction manifolds to access new functionalized bioisosteric units are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuadros
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Julien Paut
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Dagousset
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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20
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Pattison G. Assessing the rigidity of cubanes and bicyclo(1.1.1)pentanes as benzene bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 102:117652. [PMID: 38442523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic rings are critical core substructures in the majority of pharmaceutical compounds. There is much recent interest in replacing aromatic structures with saturated bioisosteres of benzene, which are generally fused or bridged ring systems. These bioisosteres often show improved solubility properties compared to benzene, and may also undergo fewer unwanted metabolic processes. One key reason why aromatic rings have proven so successful in drug design is their rigidity. This paper uses molecular dynamics simulations supported by crystallographic data to assess the rigidity of bicyclopentane and cubane ring systems as two of the most common benzene bioisosteres and compares this to benzene. Whilst a benzene ring is shown to be more flexible than these two bioisosteres in terms of its dihedral ring flexibility, substituents around the ring tend to behave in a much more similar way in both benzene and the bioisosteric systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Pattison
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, UK LN6 7DL.
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21
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Abe M, Coleman JS, Presley CC, Schley ND, Lindsley CW. Rapid sp 3-Enriched Scaffold Generation via a Selective Aziridine Amide Ring-Opening Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3500-3508. [PMID: 38340064 PMCID: PMC10913065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Sp3-enriched small molecules play a critical role in developing drug candidates. While designing analogues with greater sp3 character, a methodology utilizing a less explored cyclic-aziridine amide ring-opening reaction to generate sp3-enriched scaffolds has been developed and reported. This methodology enables rapid access to substructures with higher fsp3 values, attracting greater attention within the past few decades. The reaction exhibits a wide reaction scope, featuring a highly sterically hindered phenolic ether, thiophenolic ethers, protected aniline formations, and aliphatic/heteroaromatic ring-containing aziridine amides as substrates. Additionally, this reaction provides access to congested tertiary ether formations through regioselective transformation, applicable to an extensive range of drug discovery targets, construction of complex small molecules, and natural product syntheses. The scaffolds developed show improved physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Abe
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Franklin, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Jeremy S. Coleman
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Franklin, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Christopher C. Presley
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Franklin, Tennessee 37067, United States
| | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Warren
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Franklin, Tennessee 37067, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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22
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Narra SR, Bacho MZ, Hattori M, Shibata N. Expanding the Frontier of Linear Drug Design: Cu-Catalyzed C sp -C sp 3 -Coupling of Electron-Deficient SF 4 -Alkynes with Alkyl Iodides. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306554. [PMID: 38161224 PMCID: PMC10953538 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite the attractive properties of tetrafluorosulfanyl (SF4 ) compounds in drug discovery, medicinal research on SF4 molecules is hindered by the scarcity of suitable synthetic methodologies. Drawing inspiration from the well-established Sonogashira cross-coupling of terminal alkynes under Pd-catalysis, it is envisioned that SF4 -alkynes can serve as effective coupling partners. To overcome the challenges associated with the electron-deficient nature of SF4 -alkynes and the lability of the SF4 unit under transition-metal catalysis, an aryl radical mediated Csp -Csp 3 cross-coupling reaction is successfully developed under Cu catalysis. This methodology facilitates the coupling of SF4 -alkynes with alkyl iodides, leading to the immediate synthesis of SF4 -attached drug-like molecules. These findings highlight the potential impact of SF4 -containing molecules in the drug industry, paving the way for further research in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Reddy Narra
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
| | - Muhamad Zulfaqar Bacho
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
| | - Masashi Hattori
- Department of Life Science and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
| | - Norio Shibata
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical SciencesNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
- Department of Life Science and Applied ChemistryNagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso, Showa‐kuNagoya466‐8555Japan
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23
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Anderson JM, Poole DL, Cook GC, Murphy JA, Measom ND. Organometallic Bridge Diversification of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304070. [PMID: 38117748 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) derivatives have attracted significant recent interest in drug discovery as alkyne, tert-butyl and arene bioisosteres, where their incorporation is frequently associated with increased compound solubility and metabolic stability. While strategies for functionalisation of the bridgehead (1,3) positions are extensively developed, platforms allowing divergent substitution at the bridge (2,4,5) positions remain limited. Recent reports have introduced 1-electron strategies for arylation and incorporation of a small range of other substituents, but are limited in terms of scope, yields or practical complexity. Herein, we show the synthesis of diverse 1,2,3-trifunctionalised BCPs through lithium-halogen exchange of a readily accessible BCP bromide. When coupled with medicinally relevant product derivatisations, our developed 2-electron "late stage" approach provides rapid and straightforward access to unprecedented BCP structural diversity (>20 hitherto-unknown motifs reported). Additionally, we describe a method for the synthesis of enantioenriched "chiral-at-BCP" bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes through a novel stereoselective bridgehead desymmetrisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Anderson
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK, SG1 2NY
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK, G1 1XL
| | - Darren L Poole
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK, SG1 2NY
| | - Gemma C Cook
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK, SG1 2NY
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK, G1 1XL
| | - Nicholas D Measom
- Medicinal Chemistry, GSK, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, UK, SG1 2NY
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24
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Prysiazhniuk K, Datsenko OP, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Shablykin O, Nikandrova Y, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Borysko P, Shepilov D, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Saturated Benzene Bioisostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316557. [PMID: 38251921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The spiro[3.3]heptane core, with the non-coplanar exit vectors, was shown to be a saturated benzene bioisostere. This scaffold was incorporated into the anticancer drug sonidegib (instead of the meta-benzene), the anticancer drug vorinostat (instead of the phenyl ring), and the anesthetic drug benzocaine (instead of the para-benzene). The patent-free saturated analogs obtained showed a high potency in the corresponding biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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25
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Semeno VV, Vasylchenko VO, Fesun IM, Ruzhylo LY, Kipriianov MO, Melnykov KP, Skreminskyi A, Iminov R, Mykhailiuk P, Vashchenko BV, Grygorenko OO. Bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane Building Blocks as Promising Benzene and Cycloalkane Isosteres: Multigram Synthesis, Physicochemical and Structural Characterization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303859. [PMID: 38149408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic double bond functionalization - intramolecular enolate alkylation sequence was used to obtain a series of bridged and fused bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane derivatives (i. e., bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, and bicyclo[4.2.0]heptanes). The scope and limitations of the method were established, and applicability to the multigram synthesis of target bicyclic compounds was illustrated. Using the developed protocols, over 50 mono- and bifunctional building blocks relevant to medicinal chemistry were prepared. The synthesized compounds are promising isosteres of benzene and cycloalkane rings, which is confirmed by their physicochemical and structural characterization (pKa , LogP, and exit vector parameters (EVP)). "Rules of thumb" for the upcoming isosteric replacement studies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Semeno
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Ihor M Fesun
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Yu Ruzhylo
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo O Kipriianov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Rustam Iminov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
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26
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Yang Y, Tsien J, Dykstra R, Chen SJ, Wang JB, Merchant RR, Hughes JME, Peters BK, Gutierrez O, Qin T. Programmable late-stage functionalization of bridge-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane bis-boronates. Nat Chem 2024; 16:285-293. [PMID: 37884667 PMCID: PMC10922318 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Modular functionalization enables versatile exploration of chemical space and has been broadly applied in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of aromatic scaffolds during drug discovery. Recently, the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motif has increasingly received attention as a bioisosteric replacement of benzene rings due to its ability to improve the physicochemical properties of prospective drug candidates, but studying the SARs of C2-substituted BCPs has been heavily restricted by the need for multistep de novo synthesis of each analogue of interest. Here we report a programmable bis-functionalization strategy to enable late-stage sequential derivatization of BCP bis-boronates, opening up opportunities to explore the SARs of drug candidates possessing multisubstituted BCP motifs. Our approach capitalizes on the inherent chemoselectivity exhibited by BCP bis-boronates, enabling highly selective activation and functionalization of bridgehead (C3)-boronic pinacol esters (Bpin), leaving the C2-Bpin intact and primed for subsequent derivatization. These selective transformations of both BCP bridgehead (C3) and bridge (C2) positions enable access to C1,C2-disubstituted and C1,C2,C3-trisubstituted BCPs that encompass previously unexplored chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jet Tsien
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Si-Jie Chen
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James B Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohan R Merchant
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M E Hughes
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Byron K Peters
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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27
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Sánchez-Sordo I, Barbeira-Arán S, Fañanás-Mastral M. Enantioselective synthesis of chiral BCPs. Org Chem Front 2024; 11:916-928. [PMID: 38298565 PMCID: PMC10825854 DOI: 10.1039/d3qo01631e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as an interesting scaffold in drug design. These strained molecules can act as bioisosteres of para-substituted phenyl rings, tert-butyl groups or internal alkynes, leading to drug analogues with enhanced pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties. Thus, catalytic methodologies for the synthesis of BCPs represent a major goal in modern organic synthesis. In particular, asymmetric transformations that provide chiral BCPs bearing an adjacent stereocenter are particularly valuable to expand the chemical space of this important scaffold. In this article, we discuss the available methodologies for the asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral BCPs, their key mechanistic features and their application in bioisosteric replacements in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Sordo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Sergio Barbeira-Arán
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Martín Fañanás-Mastral
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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28
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McNamee RE, Dasgupta A, Christensen KE, Anderson EA. Bridge Cross-Coupling of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:360-364. [PMID: 38156902 PMCID: PMC10789093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) have gained growing popularity in "strain release" chemistry for the synthesis of four-membered-ring systems and para- and meta-disubstituted arene bioisosteres as well as applications in chemoselective bioconjugation. However, functionalization of the bridge position of BCBs can be challenging due to the inherent strain of the ring system and reactivity of the central C-C bond. Here we report the first late-stage bridge cross-coupling of BCBs, mediated by directed metalation/palladium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. McNamee
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ayan Dasgupta
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Edward A. Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory,
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
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29
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Chen M, Cui Y, Chen X, Shang R, Zhang X. C-F bond activation enables synthesis of aryl difluoromethyl bicyclopentanes as benzophenone-type bioisosteres. Nat Commun 2024; 15:419. [PMID: 38199996 PMCID: PMC10781780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioisosteric design has become an essential approach in the development of drug molecules. Recent advancements in synthetic methodologies have enabled the rapid adoption of this strategy into drug discovery programs. Consequently, conceptionally innovative practices would be appreciated by the medicinal chemistry community. Here we report an expeditous synthetic method for synthesizing aryl difluoromethyl bicyclopentane (ADB) as a bioisostere of the benzophenone core. This approach involves the merger of light-driven C-F bond activation and strain-release chemistry under the catalysis of a newly designed N-anionic-based organic photocatalyst. This defluorinative coupling methodology enables the direct conversion of a wide variety of commercially available trifluoromethylaromatic C-F bonds (more than 70 examples) into the corresponding difluoromethyl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCP) arenes/difluoromethyl BCP boronates in a single step. The strategy can also be applied to [3.1.1]and [4.1.1]propellane systems, providing access to analogues with different geometries. Moreover, we have successfully used this protocol to rapidly prepare ADB-substituted analogues of the bioactive molecule Adiporon. Biological testing has shown that the ADB scaffold has the potential to enhance the pharmacological properties of benzophenone-type drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuang Cui
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, 310024, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Bai Z, Lansbergen B, Ritter T. Bicyclopentylation of Alcohols with Thianthrenium Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25954-25961. [PMID: 38010346 PMCID: PMC10704608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present the first method for the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) alkyl ethers from alcohols. The reaction uses BCP-thianthrenium reagents and is catalyzed by a dual copper/photoredox catalyst system. Unlike known alkylations of tertiary alcohols via carbocation intermediates, our Cu-mediated radical process circumvents the labile BCP carbocations. The approach demonstrates a broad tolerance for functional groups when applied to primary, secondary, and even tertiary alcohols. In addition, we highlight the utility of this method in late-stage functionalizations of both natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as in the rapid construction of BCP analogs of known pharmaceuticals that would otherwise be difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Bai
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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31
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Takebe H, Matsubara S. Scaffold Editing of Cubanes into Homocubanes, Homocuneanes via Cuneanes. Chemistry 2023:e202303063. [PMID: 38058115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The selective synthesis of cage-type hydrocarbons through the editing of the highly symmetric molecule cubane can be anticipated as one of the efficient approaches. In this paper, we identify a catalyst that facilitates the efficient scaffold isomerization of cubanes into homocubanes. This approach, which involves the direct synthesis of homocubanol esters, is promising as a novel method for the synthesis of phenoxy bioisosteres. Additionally, we observed that the isomerization of 1,4-bis(acyloxymethl)cubane results in the generation of both D2 - and C2 -symmetrical bishomocubanes. The same catalyst was also applied to the isomerization of acyloxymethylcuneanes, producing homocuneanol esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiyori Takebe
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Kyoto, Nishikyo, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seijiro Matsubara
- Department of Material Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku-Katsura, Kyoto, Nishikyo, 615-8510, Japan
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32
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Meanwell NA. Applications of Bioisosteres in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18087-18122. [PMID: 36961953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The design of bioisosteres represents a creative and productive approach to improve a molecule, including by enhancing potency, addressing pharmacokinetic challenges, reducing off-target liabilities, and productively modulating physicochemical properties. Bioisosterism is a principle exploited in the design of bioactive compounds of interest to both medicinal and agricultural chemists, and in this review, we provide a synopsis of applications where this kind of molecular editing has proved to be advantageous in molecule optimization. The examples selected for discussion focus on bioisosteres of carboxylic acids, applications of fluorine and fluorinated motifs in compound design, some applications of the sulfoximine functionality, the design of bioisosteres of drug-H2O complexes, and the design of bioisosteres of the phenyl ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- The Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Rd, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
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33
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Hill J, Jones RM, Crich D. Discovery of a Hydroxylamine-Based Brain-Penetrant EGFR Inhibitor for Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15477-15492. [PMID: 37934858 PMCID: PMC10683025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Metastases to the brain remain a significant problem in lung cancer, as treatment by most small-molecule targeted therapies is severely limited by efflux transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we report the discovery of a selective, orally bioavailable, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, 9, that exhibits high brain penetration and potent activity in osimertinib-resistant cell lines bearing L858R/C797S and exon19del/C797S EGFR resistance mutations. In vivo, 9 induced tumor regression in an intracranial patient-derived xenograft (PDX) murine model suggesting it as a potential lead for the treatment of localized and metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) driven by activating mutant bearing EGFR. Overall, we demonstrate that an underrepresented functional group in medicinal chemistry, the trisubstituted hydroxylamine moiety, can be incorporated into a drug scaffold without the toxicity commonly surmised to accompany these units, all while maintaining potent biological activity and without the molecular weight creep common to drug optimization campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarvis Hill
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | | | - David Crich
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, 250 West Green Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 302 East Campus Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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34
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Mandler MD, Mignone J, Jurica EA, Palkowitz MD, Aulakh D, Cauley AN, Farley CA, Zhang S, Traeger SC, Sarjeant A, Paiva A, Perez HL, Ellsworth BA, Regueiro-Ren A. Synthesis of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes from Iodo-Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. Org Lett 2023; 25:7947-7952. [PMID: 37284784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe a two-step process for the synthesis of substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. A photo-Hunsdiecker reaction generates iodo-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes under metal-free conditions at room temperature. These intermediates react with nitrogen and sulfur nucleophiles to afford substituted bicyclo[1.1.0]butane products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Mandler
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - James Mignone
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Jurica
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Maximilian D Palkowitz
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Darpandeep Aulakh
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Chemical & Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Anthony N Cauley
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Christopher A Farley
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Chemical & Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Sarah C Traeger
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Amy Sarjeant
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Chemical & Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Anthony Paiva
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Heidi L Perez
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Bruce A Ellsworth
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Alicia Regueiro-Ren
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Research & Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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35
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Kazmi MZH, Schneider OM, Hall DG. Expanding the Role of Boron in New Drug Chemotypes: Properties, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Potential of Hemiboronic Naphthoids. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13768-13787. [PMID: 37752013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
New chemotypes and bioisosteres can open a new chemical space in drug discovery and help meet an urgent demand for novel agents to fight infections and other diseases. With the aim of identifying new boron-containing drug chemotypes, this article details a comprehensive evaluation of the pseudoaromatic hemiboronic naphthoids, benzoxaza- and benzodiazaborines. Relevant physical properties in aqueous media (acidity, solubility, log P, and stability) of prototypic members of four subclasses were determined. Both scaffolds are amenable to common reactions used in drug discovery, such as chemoselective Suzuki-Miyaura, Chan-Lam, and amidation reactions. Small model libraries were prepared to assess the scope of these transformations, and the entire collection was screened for antifungal (Candida albicans) and antibacterial activity (MRSA, Escherichia coli), unveiling promising benzoxazaborines with low micromolar minimum inhibitory concentration values. Select DMPK assays of representative compounds suggest promising drug-like behavior for all four subclasses. Moreover, several drug isosteres were evaluated for anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zain H Kazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Olivia M Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dennis G Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Centennial Center for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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36
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Yasukawa T, Håheim KS, Cossy J. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by cross-coupling induced by transition metals - formation of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7666-7680. [PMID: 37702418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), by forming a C-C bond, can be achieved by cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to access these 1,3-disubstituted BCPs, either from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs. Mechanisms are included where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Katja S Håheim
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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37
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Levterov VV, Panasiuk Y, Sahun K, Stashkevych O, Badlo V, Shablykin O, Sadkova I, Bortnichuk L, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Holota Y, Lachmann L, Borysko P, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Bas Y, Dudenko D, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as a new bioisostere of the phenyl ring. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5608. [PMID: 37783681 PMCID: PMC10545790 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. Here, we show the design, synthesis, and validation of its new saturated bioisostere with improved physicochemical properties - 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The design of the structure is based on the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the previously used bioisosteres: bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cubane. The key synthesis step is the iodocyclization of cyclohexane-containing alkenyl alcohols with molecular iodine in acetonitrile. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane core is incorporated into the structure of Imatinib and Vorinostat (SAHA) drugs instead of the phenyl ring. In Imatinib, such replacement leads to improvement of physicochemical properties: increased water solubility, enhanced metabolic stability, and reduced lipophilicity. In Vorinostat, such replacement results in a new bioactive analog of the drug. This study enhances the repertoire of available saturated bioisosteres of (hetero)aromatic rings for the use in drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kateryna Sahun
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Valentyn Badlo
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar IBOPC of the NASciences of Ukraine, Academician Kukhar Str. 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sadkova
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lina Bortnichuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Yuliia Holota
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Petro Borysko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Bodenchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuliia Bas
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Chemistry Department, Volodymyrska 64, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Dudenko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill street 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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38
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Radhoff N, Daniliuc CG, Studer A. Lewis Acid Catalyzed Formal (3+2)-Cycloaddition of Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with Ketenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304771. [PMID: 37166141 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Design, synthesis and application of benzene bioisosteres have attracted a lot of attention in the past 20 years. Recently, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes have emerged as highly attractive bioisosteres for ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes. Herein we report a mild, scalable and transition-metal-free protocol for the construction of highly substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2-ones through Lewis acid catalyzed (3+2)-cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butane ketones with disubstituted ketenes. The reaction shows high functional group tolerance as documented by the successful preparation of various 3-alkyl-3-aryl as well as 3,3-bisalkyl bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2-ones (26 examples, up to 89 % yield). Postfunctionalization of the exocyclic ketone moiety is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Radhoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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39
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Evarts MM, Strong ZH, Krische MJ. Oxetane-, Azetidine-, and Bicyclopentane-Bearing N-Heterocycles from Ynones: Scaffold Diversification via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidative Alkynylation. Org Lett 2023; 25:5907-5910. [PMID: 37527501 PMCID: PMC10445484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A process for 3-fold scaffold diversification is achieved via ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative alkynylation of commercially available oxetanols, azetidinols and bicyclopentanols to form α,β-acetylenic ketones (ynones), which are subsequently converted to oxetane-, azetidine- and bicyclopentane-bearing pyrazoles, isoxazoles and pyrimidines. A one-pot oxidative alkynylation-condensation protocol that directly converts azetidinols to azetidine-substituted pyrazoles or pyrimidines is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline M Evarts
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachary H Strong
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael J Krische
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Chemistry, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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40
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Srinivasu V, Das D, Chandu P, Ghosh KG, Sureshkumar D. Metal-Free Photoredox Four-Component Strategy to 1,3-Functionalized BCP Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:5308-5313. [PMID: 37417829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community and pharmaceutical industries due to their advantageous physicochemical properties as arene bioisosteres. Initial photoredox perfluoroalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane triggers the tandem reaction to the perfluoroalkyl BCP radical followed by Giese addition to an in situ generated electron-deficient alkene by Knoevenagel condensation in a four-component fashion to form 1,3-functionalized BCPs. This strategy provides easy access to various 1,3-functionalized perfluoroalkyl BCP derivatives with the added advantage of nitrile group as a functional handle to diversified transformations. This methodology offers scalability and late-stage derivatization of drug molecules with high chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinjamuri Srinivasu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Krishna Gopal Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
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41
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Smith E, Jones KD, O'Brien L, Argent SP, Salome C, Lefebvre Q, Valery A, Böcü M, Newton GN, Lam HW. Silver(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cuneanes from Cubanes and their Investigation as Isosteres. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37478562 PMCID: PMC10401713 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Bridged or caged polycyclic hydrocarbons have rigid structures that project substituents into precise regions of 3D space, making them attractive as linking groups in materials science and as building blocks for medicinal chemistry. The efficient synthesis of new or underexplored classes of such compounds is, therefore, an important objective. Herein, we describe the silver(I)-catalyzed rearrangement of 1,4-disubstituted cubanes to cuneanes, which are strained hydrocarbons that have not received much attention since they were first described in 1970. The synthesis of 2,6-disubstituted or 1,3-disubstituted cuneanes can be achieved with high regioselectivities, with the regioselectivity being dependent on the electronic character of the cubane substituents. A preliminary assessment of cuneanes as scaffolds for medicinal chemistry suggests cuneanes could serve as isosteric replacements of trans-1,4-disubstituted cyclohexanes and 1,3-disubstituted benzenes. An analogue of the anticancer drug sonidegib was synthesized, in which the 1,2,3-trisubstituted benzene was replaced with a 1,3-disubstituted cuneane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Smith
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran D Jones
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Luke O'Brien
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mina Böcü
- SpiroChem AG, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham N Newton
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hon Wai Lam
- The GlaxoSmithKline Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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42
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Shire B, Anderson EA. Conquering the Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1539-1553. [PMID: 37388694 PMCID: PMC10301682 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have become established as attractive bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug design. Conferring various beneficial properties compared with their aromatic "parents," BCPs featuring a wide array of bridgehead substituents can now be accessed by an equivalent variety of methods. In this perspective, we discuss the evolution of this field and focus on the most enabling and general methods for BCPs synthesis, considering both scope and limitation. Recent breakthroughs on the synthesis of bridge-substituted BCPs are described, as well as methodologies for postsynthesis functionalization. We further explore new challenges and directions for the field, such as the emergence of other rigid small ring hydrocarbons and heterocycles possessing unique substituent exit vectors.
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43
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Huang W, Keess S, Molander GA. A General and Practical Route to Functionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane-Heteroaryls Enabled by Photocatalytic Multicomponent Heteroarylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302223. [PMID: 37059692 PMCID: PMC10247404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
1-Aryl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are an important class of BCP derivatives with widespread application in drug development. Most syntheses of these materials require multiple chemical steps via BCP electrophiles or nucleophiles derived from [1.1.1]propellane. Although one-step, multicomponent radical cross-coupling reactions could provide a more sustainable and rapid route to access diverse heteroarylated BCPs, current approaches are limited to tertiary alkyl radicals, leading to a decrease in their practical value. In this study, a conceptually different approach enabled by a radical multicomponent heteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane to access functionalized heteroarylated BCPs is described. Importantly, this protocol is compatible with primary-, secondary-, and tertiary aliphatic radicals, as well as various fluoroalkyl radical sources, thus enabling rapid library generation of sought-after BCP derivatives for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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44
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Voloshchuk NM, Holota Y, Al-Maali G, Borysko P, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0. [PMID: 37277469 PMCID: PMC10396955 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ortho-substituted phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. It is found in more than three hundred drugs and agrochemicals. During the past decade, scientists have tried to replace the phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres to obtain novel patentable structures. However, most of the research in this area has been devoted to the replacement of the para-substituted phenyl ring. Here we have developed saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring with improved physicochemical properties: 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that these structures and the ortho-substituted phenyl ring indeed have similar geometric properties. Replacement of the phenyl ring in marketed agrochemicals fluxapyroxad (BASF) and boscalid (BASF) with 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes dramatically improved their water solubility, reduced lipophilicity and most importantly retained bioactivity. This work suggests an opportunity for chemists to replace the ortho-substituted phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Galeb Al-Maali
- Bienta, Kyiv, Ukraine
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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45
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Wiesenfeldt MP, Rossi-Ashton JA, Perry IB, Diesel J, Garry OL, Bartels F, Coote SC, Ma X, Yeung CS, Bennett DJ, MacMillan DWC. General access to cubanes as benzene bioisosteres. Nature 2023; 618:513-518. [PMID: 37015289 PMCID: PMC10680098 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of benzene rings with sp3-hybridized bioisosteres in drug candidates generally improves pharmacokinetic properties while retaining biological activity1-5. Rigid, strained frameworks such as bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane and cubane are particularly well suited as the ring strain imparts high bond strength and thus metabolic stability on their C-H bonds. Cubane is the ideal bioisostere as it provides the closest geometric match to benzene6,7. At present, however, all cubanes in drug design, like almost all benzene bioisosteres, act solely as substitutes for mono- or para-substituted benzene rings1-7. This is owing to the difficulty of accessing 1,3- and 1,2-disubstituted cubane precursors. The adoption of cubane in drug design has been further hindered by the poor compatibility of cross-coupling reactions with the cubane scaffold, owing to a competing metal-catalysed valence isomerization8-11. Here we report expedient routes to 1,3- and 1,2-disubstituted cubane building blocks using a convenient cyclobutadiene precursor and a photolytic C-H carboxylation reaction, respectively. Moreover, we leverage the slow oxidative addition and rapid reductive elimination of copper to develop C-N, C-C(sp3), C-C(sp2) and C-CF3 cross-coupling protocols12,13. Our research enables facile elaboration of all cubane isomers into drug candidates, thus enabling ideal bioisosteric replacement of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted benzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian B Perry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Johannes Diesel
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Olivia L Garry
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Florian Bartels
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiaoshen Ma
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles S Yeung
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Bennett
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Wright BA, Matviitsuk A, Black MJ, García-Reynaga P, Hanna LE, Herrmann AT, Ameriks MK, Sarpong R, Lebold TP. Skeletal Editing Approach to Bridge-Functionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes from Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10960-10966. [PMID: 37145091 PMCID: PMC10281541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (aza-BCHs) and bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have emerged as attractive classes of sp3-rich cores for replacing flat, aromatic groups with metabolically resistant, three-dimensional frameworks in drug scaffolds. Strategies to directly convert, or "scaffold hop", between these bioisosteric subclasses through single-atom skeletal editing would enable efficient interpolation within this valuable chemical space. Herein, we describe a strategy to "scaffold hop" between aza-BCH and BCP cores through a nitrogen-deleting skeletal edit. Photochemical [2+2] cycloadditions, used to prepare multifunctionalized aza-BCH frameworks, are coupled with a subsequent deamination step to afford bridge-functionalized BCPs, for which few synthetic solutions currently exist. The modular sequence provides access to various privileged bridged bicycles of pharmaceutical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Michael J Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Luke E Hanna
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Aaron T Herrmann
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael K Ameriks
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Terry P Lebold
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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47
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Dong W, Keess S, Molander GA. Nickel-Mediated Alkyl-, Acyl-, and Sulfonylcyanation of [1.1.1]Propellane. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100608. [PMID: 37840854 PMCID: PMC10572913 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of traditional functional groups with polycyclic scaffolds has been increasingly rewarding in medicinal chemistry programs. Over the decades, 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have demonstrated the potential for being competent bioisosteres for aryl-, alkyl- and alkynyl substructures. Although highly desired, mild and versatile synthetic methods to access synthetically valuable BCP-containing building blocks remain limited. Herein, a versatile way to access bridgehead substituted BCP nitriles, a useful BCP building block, is described, enabled by the unexpected selectivity of nickel in the multi-component radical cyanation. Commodity materials including carboxylic acids, amines, sulfonyl chlorides, and alkyl chlorides are engaged to provide a broad spectrum of substituted BCP nitriles in a single-step, multi-component fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Lead contact
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48
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Yu IF, Manske JL, Diéguez-Vázquez A, Misale A, Pashenko AE, Mykhailiuk PK, Ryabukhin SV, Volochnyuk DM, Hartwig JF. Catalytic undirected borylation of tertiary C-H bonds in bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Nat Chem 2023; 15:685-693. [PMID: 36973434 PMCID: PMC10684141 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic borylations of sp3 C-H bonds occur with high selectivities for primary C-H bonds or secondary C-H bonds that are activated by nearby electron-withdrawing substituents. Catalytic borylation at tertiary C-H bonds has not been observed. Here we describe a broadly applicable method for the synthesis of boron-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and (hetero)bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes by an iridium-catalysed borylation of the bridgehead tertiary C-H bond. This reaction is highly selective for the formation of bridgehead boronic esters and is compatible with a broad range of functional groups (>35 examples). The method is applicable to the late-stage modification of pharmaceuticals containing this substructure and the synthesis of novel bicyclic building blocks. Kinetic and computational studies suggest that C-H bond cleavage occurs with a modest barrier and that the turnover-limiting step of this reaction is an isomerization that occurs prior to reductive elimination that forms the C-B bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac F Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jenna L Manske
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander E Pashenko
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pavel K Mykhailiuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey V Ryabukhin
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- The Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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49
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Li Z, Lan D, Zhou W, Li J, Zhu H, Yu C, Jiang X. Synthesis of C3-halo substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines via halosulfoamidation of [1.1.1]propellane with sodium hypohalites and sulfonamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6056-6059. [PMID: 37114292 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01262j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a catalyst-free synthesis of C3-halo substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentylamines under mild conditions. The reaction involves the use of sodium hypohalites and sulfonamides to generate N-halosulfonamides in situ, which subsequently undergo radical addition with [1.1.1]propellane to yield the desired products with suitable functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Deyou Lan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Jiacheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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Jung M, Muir JE, Lindsay VNG. Expedient synthesis of spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones via strain-relocating semipinacol rearrangements. Tetrahedron 2023; 134:133296. [PMID: 36937489 PMCID: PMC10019042 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the formation of the highly strained spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one motif was developed through the reaction of 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols and lithiated 1-sulfonylbicyclo[1.1.0]butanes. Following initial nucleophilic addition to the cyclopropanone formed in situ, the resulting 1-bicyclobutylcyclopropanol intermediate is prone to a 'strain-relocating' semipinacol rearrangement in the presence of acid, directly affording the substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-one. The process is shown to be fully regio- and stereospecific when starting from a substituted cyclopropanone equivalent, leading to optically active 3-substituted spiro[3.3]heptan-1-ones. The reaction likely proceeds via initial protonation of the bicyclobutyl moiety followed by [1,2]-rearrangement of the resulting cyclopropylcarbinyl cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Joanna E Muir
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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