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Patra M, Dubey SK, Saha S, Rizzoli C, Bhattacharjee S, Saha R. Simultaneous presence of mono- and bi-cationic bipyridyls within a metal-organic supramolecular host: crystal structure, spectral and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2154155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Chemistry, TDB College, Ranjganj, India
| | | | | | - Rajat Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, India
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2
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Nickisch R, Conen P, Gabrielsen SM, Meier MAR. A more sustainable isothiocyanate synthesis by amine catalyzed sulfurization of isocyanides with elemental sulfur. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3134-3142. [PMID: 35424261 PMCID: PMC8693870 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are typically prepared using amines and highly toxic reagents such as thiophosgene, its derivatives, or CS2. In this work, an investigation of a multicomponent reaction (MCR) using isocyanides, elemental sulfur and amines revealed that isocyanides can be converted to isothiocyanates using sulfur and catalytic amounts of amine bases, especially DBU (down to 2 mol%). This new catalytic reaction was optimized in terms of sustainability, especially considering benign solvents such as Cyrene™ or γ-butyrolactone (GBL) under moderate heating (40 °C). Purification by column chromatography was further optimized to generate less waste by maintaining high purity of the product. Thus, E-factors as low as 0.989 were achieved and the versatility of this straightforward procedure was shown by converting 20 different isocyanides under catalytic conditions, while obtaining moderate to high yields (34-95%).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nickisch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
| | - P Conen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
| | - S M Gabrielsen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
| | - M A R Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany http://www.meier-michael.com
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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3
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Rutz J, Thaler S, Maxeiner S, Chun FKH, Blaheta RA. Sulforaphane Reduces Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Proliferation In Vitro by Modulating the Cdk-Cyclin Axis and Expression of the CD44 Variants 4, 5, and 7. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228724. [PMID: 33218199 PMCID: PMC7699211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer patients whose tumors develop resistance to conventional treatment often turn to natural, plant-derived products, one of which is sulforaphane (SFN). This study was designed to determine whether anti-tumor properties of SFN, identified in other tumor entities, are also evident in cultivated DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. The cells were incubated with SFN (1–20 µM) and tumor cell growth and proliferative activity were evaluated. Having found a considerable anti-growth, anti-proliferative, and anti-clonogenic influence of SFN on both prostate cancer cell lines, further investigation into possible mechanisms of action were performed by evaluating the cell cycle phases and cell-cycle-regulating proteins. SFN induced a cell cycle arrest at the S- and G2/M-phase in both DU145 and PC3 cells. Elevation of histone H3 and H4 acetylation was also evident in both cell lines following SFN exposure. However, alterations occurring in the Cdk-cyclin axis, modification of the p19 and p27 proteins and changes in CD44v4, v5, and v7 expression because of SFN exposure differed in the two cell lines. SFN, therefore, does exert anti-tumor properties on these two prostate cancer cell lines by histone acetylation and altering the intracellular signaling cascade, but not through the same molecular mechanisms.
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Cierpiał T, Kiełbasiński P, Kwiatkowska M, Łyżwa P, Lubelska K, Kuran D, Dąbrowska A, Kruszewska H, Mielczarek L, Chilmonczyk Z, Wiktorska K. Fluoroaryl analogs of sulforaphane - A group of compounds of anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103454. [PMID: 31787344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of new sulforaphane analogs bearing various (poly)fluoroaryl substituents bonded to the sulfinyl sulfur atom in place of the original methyl group and having different number of methylene groups in the central alkyl chain were synthesized and fully characterized. The new compounds were tested in vitro for their anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Some of them demonstrated a much higher anticancer activity against selected lines of cancer: skin (MALME-3M), colon (HT-29) and breast (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) cells than that exhibited by native sulforaphane (SFN). Related lines of untransformed (normal) cells, taken from the same organs as the cancer ones, i.e. MALME3, CRL-1790 and MCF10, respectively, were checked, which allowed for the determination of the selectivity indexes (SI). In certain cases, the latter exceeded 3.2. Concerning the antibacterial activity, gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were susceptible to some newly synthesized SFN analogs, while the selected probiotic strains were from 10 to 100 fold more resistant to them, which gives a possibility of protection of symbiont strains during a potential therapy with such compounds. The antifungal activity of the new compounds possessing the fluorophenyl substituent was found to be higher than the activity of the parent SFN. In turn, most of the new compounds showed generally no anti-HIV activity. The influence of the particular structural differences in the new molecules, analogs of SFN, on their biological activity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Cierpiał
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kiełbasiński
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiatkowska
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Łyżwa
- Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lubelska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dominika Kuran
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Dąbrowska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Hanna Kruszewska
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Lidia Mielczarek
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Chilmonczyk
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Wiktorska
- Department of Drug Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland.
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5
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Wu SL, Gao X. Copper-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Reaction of C 60 with Aliphatic Primary Amines and CS 2. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2125-2130. [PMID: 29377694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel type of fullerene derivatives, [60]fullerothiazolidinethiones (2), were obtained from the copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative reaction of C60 with aliphatic primary amines and CS2 in 4:1 v/v DMF and o-DCB. The obtained products were fully characterized with the X-ray single-crystal diffraction and spectroscopic methods. Control experiment with maleic anhydride, an analogue to C60, also afforded thiazolidinethione product, but via a mechanism different from that of C60 judging from the structure difference between the two types of thiazolidinethione compounds, demonstrating the unique reactivity of C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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DNA Microarray-Based Screening and Characterization of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MICROARRAYS 2017; 6:microarrays6010004. [PMID: 28146102 PMCID: PMC5374364 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays6010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of DNA microarray assay (DMA) has entered a new era owing to recent innovations in omics technologies. This review summarizes recent applications of DMA-based gene expression profiling by focusing on the screening and characterizationof traditional Chinese medicine. First, herbs, mushrooms, and dietary plants analyzed by DMA along with their effective components and their biological/physiological effects are summarized and discussed by examining their comprehensive list and a list of representative effective chemicals. Second, the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicine are summarized by examining the genes and pathways responsible for the action, the cell functions involved in the action, and the activities found by DMA (silent estrogens). Third, applications of DMA for traditional Chinese medicine are discussed by examining reported examples and new protocols for its use in quality control. Further innovations in the signaling pathway based evaluation of beneficial effects and the assessment of potential risks of traditional Chinese medicine are expected, just as are observed in other closely related fields, such as the therapeutic, environmental, nutritional, and pharmacological fields.
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Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relations in Allylsulfide and Isothiocyanate Compounds From Garlic and Broccoli Against In Vitro Cancer Cell Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63749-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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8
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Bao Y, Wang W, Zhou Z, Sun C. Benefits and risks of the hormetic effects of dietary isothiocyanates on cancer prevention. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114764. [PMID: 25532034 PMCID: PMC4273949 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The isothiocyanate (ITC) sulforaphane (SFN) was shown at low levels (1–5 µM) to promote cell proliferation to 120–143% of the controls in a number of human cell lines, whilst at high levels (10–40 µM) it inhibited such cell proliferation. Similar dose responses were observed for cell migration, i.e. SFN at 2.5 µM increased cell migration in bladder cancer T24 cells to 128% whilst high levels inhibited cell migration. This hormetic action was also found in an angiogenesis assay where SFN at 2.5 µM promoted endothelial tube formation (118% of the control), whereas at 10–20 µM it caused significant inhibition. The precise mechanism by which SFN influences promotion of cell growth and migration is not known, but probably involves activation of autophagy since an autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, abolished the effect of SFN on cell migration. Moreover, low doses of SFN offered a protective effect against free-radical mediated cell death, an effect that was enhanced by co-treatment with selenium. These results suggest that SFN may either prevent or promote tumour cell growth depending on the dose and the nature of the target cells. In normal cells, the promotion of cell growth may be of benefit, but in transformed or cancer cells it may be an undesirable risk factor. In summary, ITCs have a biphasic effect on cell growth and migration. The benefits and risks of ITCs are not only determined by the doses, but are affected by interactions with Se and the measured endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Wang
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Changhao Sun
- School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P. R. China
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9
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Kim T, Kim YJ, Han IH, Lee D, Ham J, Kang KS, Lee JW. The synthesis of sulforaphane analogues and their protection effect against cisplatin induced cytotoxicity in kidney cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:62-6. [PMID: 25466193 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of sulforaphane analogues were synthesized with various amines by treatment of carbon disulfide followed by Boc₂O and DMAP. These synthesized sulforaphane analogues were tested on cisplatin treated cultured LLC-PK1 kidney cell line. Among these analogues, several compounds including SF5 show a potent effect on kidney cell protection assay at the concentration of 2.5 μM. Further studies with compound SF5 revealed that the kidney cell protection effect was related by inhibiting the apoptosis pathway through JNK-p53-caspase apoptotic cascade. Compound SF5 may be considered as a promising candidate for the development of new kidney protection agent against drug induced acute kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejung Kim
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung 210-340, Republic of Korea
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Folkard DL, Melchini A, Traka MH, Al‐Bakheit A, Saha S, Mulholland F, Watson A, Mithen RF. Suppression of
LPS
‐induced transcription and cytokine secretion by the dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2286-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria H. Traka
- Food and Health Programme Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
| | | | - Shikha Saha
- Food and Health Programme Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
| | | | - Andrew Watson
- Analytical Science Unit Institute of Food Research Norwich UK
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11
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Zeren T, Inan S, Vatansever HS, Sayhan S. Significance of apoptosis related proteins on malignant transformation of ovarian tumors: A comparison between Bcl-2/Bax ratio and p53 immunoreactivity. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1251-8. [PMID: 25108507 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the immunoreactivities of Bcl-2, Bax and p53 proteins in ovarian tumors and related the immunohistochemical findings to the histological type of the tumors. Formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections from 40 patients who had serous-mucinous borderline tumors and serous-mucinous adenocarcinoma of the ovary (n=10 each) were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E). After histopathological examination, serial sections were stained immunohistochemically with primary antibodies to Bcl-2, Bax and p53 using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. A semi-quantitative grading system was used to compare the immunohistochemical staining intensities. The nuclear DNA fragmentation of apoptosis was determined using TUNEL method. As a result of immunohistochemical staining, increased immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 was observed in adenocarcinomas when compared to borderline tumors (P<0.001). Strong immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 and mild immunoreactivities of Bax and p53 were detected in ovarian adenocarcinomas. There were no significant statistical differences in the immunoreactivity of Bax among the histological type of ovarian tumors. Whereas a balance was observed between the immunoreactivities of Bcl-2 and Bax in the borderline cases, and this balance was strongly changed toward the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in patients with adenocarcinoma. TUNEL staining of sections indicated apoptotic cells in the serous borderline tumors were about 8-fold higher than in the serous adenocarcinoma. The results of this study on apoptosis-related factors might help to develop novel protective and therapeutic approaches, such as isoflavonoids and isothiocyanates, which were associated with decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, against the malignant epithelial ovarian tumors.
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12
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Beaver LM, Buchanan A, Sokolowski EI, Riscoe AN, Wong CP, Chang JH, Löhr CV, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Ho E. Transcriptome analysis reveals a dynamic and differential transcriptional response to sulforaphane in normal and prostate cancer cells and suggests a role for Sp1 in chemoprevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:2001-13. [PMID: 25044704 PMCID: PMC4184971 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Epidemiological studies provide evidence that consumption of cruciferous vegetables, like broccoli, can reduce the risk of cancer development. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical derived from cruciferous vegetables that induces anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic responses in prostate cancer cells, but not in normal prostate cells. The mechanisms responsible for this cancer-specific cytotoxicity remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We utilized RNA sequencing and determined the transcriptomes of normal prostate epithelial cells, androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells treated with SFN. SFN treatment dynamically altered gene expression and resulted in distinct transcriptome profiles depending on prostate cell line. SFN also down-regulated the expression of genes that were up-regulated in prostate cancer cells. Network analysis of genes altered by SFN treatment revealed that the transcription factor Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) was present in an average of 90.5% of networks. Sp1 protein was significantly decreased by SFN treatment in prostate cancer cells and Sp1 may be an important mediator of SFN-induced changes in expression. CONCLUSION Overall, the data show that SFN alters gene expression differentially in normal and cancer cells with key targets in chemopreventive processes, making it a promising dietary anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Alex Buchanan
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Elizabeth I. Sokolowski
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Allison N. Riscoe
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Carmen P. Wong
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Jeff H. Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - David E. Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Roderick H. Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Moore Family Center, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331
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13
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Xi MY, Jia JM, Sun HP, Sun ZY, Jiang JW, Wang YJ, Zhang MY, Zhu JF, Xu LL, Jiang ZY, Xue X, Ye M, Yang X, Gao Y, Tao L, Guo XK, Xu XL, Guo QL, Zhang XJ, Hu R, You QD. 3-aroylmethylene-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-ones as potent Nrf2/ARE inducers in human cancer cells and AOM-DSS treated mice. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7925-38. [PMID: 24053646 DOI: 10.1021/jm400944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2-mediated activation of ARE regulates expression of cytoprotective enzymes against oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. We have discovered a novel structure (1) as an ARE inducer via luciferase reporter assay to screen the in-house database of our laboratory. The potency of 1 was evaluated by the expression of NQO-1, HO-1, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in HCT116 cells. In vivo potency of 1 was studied using AOM-DSS models, showing that the development of colorectal adenomas was significantly inhibited. Administration with 1 lowered the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation. These results indicated that 1 is a potent Nrf2/ARE activator, both in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one derivatives were synthesized for SAR study, and a more potent compound 17 was identified. To our knowledge, this is a potent ARE activator. Besides, its novel structure makes it promising for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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