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Oka M, Akaki S, Ohno O, Terasaki M, Hamaoka-Tamura Y, Saito M, Kato S, Inoue A, Aoki J, Matsuno K, Furuta K, Tanaka S. Suppression of Mast Cell Activation by GPR35: GPR35 Is a Primary Target of Disodium Cromoglycate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:76-86. [PMID: 38290974 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cell stabilizers, including disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), were found to have potential as the agonists of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR35, although it remains to be determined whether GPR35 is expressed in mast cells and involved in suppression of mast cell degranulation. Our purpose in this study is to verify the expression of GPR35 in mast cells and to clarify how GPR35 modulates the degranulation. We explored the roles of GPR35 using an expression system, a mast cell line constitutively expressing rat GPR35, peritoneal mast cells, and bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells. Immediate allergic responses were assessed using the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model. Various known GPR35 agonists, including DSCG and newly designed compounds, suppressed IgE-mediated degranulation. GPR35 was expressed in mature mast cells but not in immature bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells and the rat mast cell line. Degranulation induced by antigens was significantly downmodulated in the mast cell line stably expressing GPR35. A GPR35 agonist, zaprinast, induced a transient activation of RhoA and a transient decrease in the amount of filamentous actin. GPR35 agonists suppressed the PCA responses in the wild-type mice but not in the GPR35-/- mice. These findings suggest that GPR35 should prevent mast cells from undergoing degranulation induced by IgE-mediated antigen stimulation and be the primary target of mast cell stabilizers. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The agonists of an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR35, including disodium cromoglycate, were found to suppress degranulation of rat and mouse mature mast cells, and their antiallergic effects were abrogated in the GPR35-/- mice, indicating that the primary target of mast cell stabilizers should be GPR35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumi Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Sohta Akaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Osamu Ohno
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Maho Terasaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Yuho Hamaoka-Tamura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Michiko Saito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Junken Aoki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences (M.O., M.T., Y.H.-T., S.T.), Bioscience Research Center (M.S.), and Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Pathological Sciences (S.K.), Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan (S.A., K.F.); Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan (O.O.); Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan (A.I.); Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.); and Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan (K.M.)
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Wu Y, Zhang P, Fan H, Zhang C, Yu P, Liang X, Chen Y. GPR35 acts a dual role and therapeutic target in inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1254446. [PMID: 38035084 PMCID: PMC10687457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor with notable involvement in modulating inflammatory responses. Although the precise role of GPR35 in inflammation is not yet fully understood, studies have suggested that it may have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the specific cellular environment. Some studies have shown that GPR35 activation can stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and facilitate the movement of immune cells towards inflammatory tissues or infected areas. Conversely, other investigations have suggested that GPR35 may possess anti-inflammatory properties in the gastrointestinal tract, liver and certain other tissues by curbing the generation of inflammatory mediators and endorsing the differentiation of regulatory T cells. The intricate role of GPR35 in inflammation underscores the requirement for more in-depth research to thoroughly comprehend its functional mechanisms and its potential significance as a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this review is to concurrently investigate the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles of GPR35, thus illuminating both facets of this complex issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetian Wu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Hongjie Fan
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Caiying Zhang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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3
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Milligan G. GPR35: from enigma to therapeutic target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:263-273. [PMID: 37002007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35), although poorly characterised, is attracting considerable interest as a therapeutic target. Marked differences in pharmacology between human and rodent orthologues of the receptor and a dearth of antagonists with affinity for mouse and rat GPR35 have previously restricted the use of preclinical disease models. The development of improved ligands, novel transgenic knock-in mouse lines, and detailed analysis of the disease relevance of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have greatly enhanced understanding of the key roles of GPR35 and have stimulated efforts towards disease-targeted proof-of-concept studies. In this opinion article, new information on the biology of the receptor is considered, whilst insight into how GPR35 is currently being assessed for therapeutic utility - in areas ranging from inflammatory bowel diseases to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and various cancers - is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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4
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Ortega JT, McKee AG, Roushar FJ, Penn WD, Schlebach JP, Jastrzebska B. Chromenone derivatives as novel pharmacological chaperones for retinitis pigmentosa-linked rod opsin mutants. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3439-3457. [PMID: 35642742 PMCID: PMC9558842 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct expression of folded, functional rhodopsin (Rho) is critical for visual perception. However, this seven-transmembrane helical G protein-coupled receptor is prone to mutations with pathological consequences of retinal degeneration in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) due to Rho misfolding. Pharmacological chaperones that stabilize the inherited Rho variants by assisting their folding and membrane targeting could slow the progression of RP. In this study, we employed virtual screening of synthetic compounds with a natural product scaffold in conjunction with in vitro and in vivo evaluations to discover a novel chromenone-containing small molecule with favorable pharmacological properties that stabilize rod opsin. This compound reversibly binds to unliganded bovine rod opsin with an EC50 value comparable to the 9-cis-retinal chromophore analog and partially rescued membrane trafficking of multiple RP-related rod opsin variants in vitro. Importantly, this novel ligand of rod opsin was effective in vivo in murine models, protecting photoreceptors from deterioration caused by either bright light or genetic insult. Together, our current study suggests potential broad therapeutic implications of the new chromenone-containing non-retinoid small molecule against retinal diseases associated with photoreceptor degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew G McKee
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Francis J Roushar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Wesley D Penn
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA
| | - Jonathan P Schlebach
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441064965, USA. Tel: +1 2163685683; Fax: +1 2163681300; (Beata Jastrzebska); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA. Tel: +1 812-855-6779; Fax: +1 812-855-8300; (Jonathan P. Schlebach)
| | - Beata Jastrzebska
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441064965, USA. Tel: +1 2163685683; Fax: +1 2163681300; (Beata Jastrzebska); Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405-7102, USA. Tel: +1 812-855-6779; Fax: +1 812-855-8300; (Jonathan P. Schlebach)
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Agonist-induced phosphorylation of orthologues of the orphan receptor GPR35 functions as an activation sensor. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101655. [PMID: 35101446 PMCID: PMC8892012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is poorly characterized but nevertheless has been revealed to have diverse roles in areas including lower gut inflammation and pain. The development of novel reagents and tools will greatly enhance analysis of GPR35 functions in health and disease. Here, we used mass spectrometry, mutagenesis, and [32P] orthophosphate labeling to identify that all five hydroxy-amino acids in the C-terminal tail of human GPR35a became phosphorylated in response to agonist occupancy of the receptor and that, apart from Ser294, each of these contributed to interactions with arretin-3, which inhibits further G protein-coupled receptor signaling. We found that Ser303 was key to such interactions; the serine corresponding to human GPR35a residue 303 also played a dominant role in arrestin-3 interactions for both mouse and rat GPR35. We also demonstrated that fully phospho-site–deficient mutants of human GPR35a and mouse GPR35 failed to interact effectively with arrestin-3, and the human phospho-deficient variant was not internalized from the surface of cells in response to agonist treatment. Even in cells stably expressing species orthologues of GPR35, a substantial proportion of the expressed protein(s) was determined to be immature. Finally, phospho-site–specific antisera targeting the region encompassing Ser303 in human (Ser301 in mouse) GPR35a identified only the mature forms of GPR35 and provided effective sensors of the activation status of the receptors both in immunoblotting and immunocytochemical studies. Such antisera may be useful tools to evaluate target engagement in drug discovery and target validation programs.
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Kaya B, Melhem H, Niess JH. GPR35 in Intestinal Diseases: From Risk Gene to Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717392. [PMID: 34790192 PMCID: PMC8591220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and gut microbial metabolites mediate host immune responses and are central to the maintenance of intestinal health. The metabolite-sensing G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) bind metabolites and trigger signals that are important for the host cell function, survival, proliferation and expansion. On the contrary, inadequate signaling of these metabolite-sensing GPCRs most likely participate to the development of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the intestine, metabolite-sensing GPCRs are highly expressed by epithelial cells and by specific subsets of immune cells. Such receptors provide an important link between immune system, gut microbiota and metabolic system. Member of these receptors, GPR35, a class A rhodopsin-like GPCR, has been shown to be activated by the metabolites tryptophan-derived kynurenic acid (KYNA), the chemokine CXCL17 and phospholipid derivate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species. There have been studies on GPR35 in the context of intestinal diseases since its identification as a risk gene for IBD. In this review, we discuss the pharmacology of GPR35 including its proposed endogenous and synthetic ligands as well as its antagonists. We elaborate on the risk variants of GPR35 implicated in gut-related diseases and the mechanisms by which GPR35 contribute to intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Kaya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Melhem
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hendrik Niess
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Clarunis - University Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
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Wei L, Hou T, Li J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Wang Z, Cheng J, Xiang K, Wang J, Zhao Y, Liang X. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Coumarin-like Diacid Derivatives as Human G Protein-Coupled Receptor-35 (hGPR35) Agonists and a Consequent New Design Principle. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2634-2647. [PMID: 33630609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of coumarin-like diacid derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel agonists of human G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (hGPR35). Active compounds were characterized to possess one acidic group on both sides of a fused tricyclic aromatic scaffold. Most of them functioned as full agonists selective to hGPR35 and exhibited excellent potency at low nanomolar concentrations. Substitution on the middle ring of the scaffold could effectively regulate compound potency. Structure-activity relationship studies and docking simulation indicated that compounds that carried two acidic groups with a proper special distance and attached to a rigid aromatic scaffold would most likely show a potent agonistic activity on hGPR35. Following this principle, we screened a list of known compounds and some were found to be potent GPR35 agonists, and compound 24 even had an EC50 of 8 nM. Particularly, a dietary supplement pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) was identified as a potent agonist (EC50 = 71.4 nM). To some extent, this principle provides a general strategy to design and recognize GPR35 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Junxiang Cheng
- Jiangxi Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Kaijing Xiang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhao
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China.,Jiangxi Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116034, China.,Jiangxi Chinese Medicine Science Center of DICP, CAS, Nanchang 330000, China
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8
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Quon T, Lin LC, Ganguly A, Tobin AB, Milligan G. Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges in Targeting the Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR35. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:801-812. [PMID: 33073184 PMCID: PMC7551713 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPR35 is a class A, rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) first identified more than 20 years ago. In the intervening period, identification of strong expression in the lower intestine and colon, in a variety of immune cells including monocytes and a variety of dendritic cells, and in dorsal root ganglia has suggested potential therapeutic opportunities in targeting this receptor in a range of conditions. GPR35 is, however, unusual in a variety of ways that challenge routes to translation. These include the following: (i) Although a substantial range and diversity of endogenous ligands have been suggested as agonist partners for this receptor, it officially remains defined as an "orphan" GPCR. (ii) Humans express two distinct protein isoform sequences, while rodents express only a single form. (iii) The pharmacologies of the human and rodent orthologues of GPR35 are very distinct, with variation between rat and mouse GPR35 being as marked as that between either of these species and the human forms. Herein we provide perspectives on each of the topics above as well as suggesting ways to overcome the challenges currently hindering potential translation. These include a better understanding of the extent and molecular basis for species selective GPR35 pharmacology and the production of novel mouse models in which both "on-target" and "off-target" effects of presumptive GPR35 ligands can be better defined, as well as a clear understanding of the human isoform expression profile and its significance at both tissue and individual cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezz Quon
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Li-Chiung Lin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Amlan Ganguly
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Andrew B. Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology,
Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,
Veterinary and Life Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland
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9
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Kim MJ, Park SJ, Nam SY, Im DS. Lodoxamide Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice: Involvement of GPR35. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 28:92-97. [PMID: 31189299 PMCID: PMC6939691 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous pharmacogenomic analysis identified cromolyn, an anti-allergic drug, as an effective anti-fibrotic agent that acts on hepatocytes and stellate cells. Furthermore, cromolyn was shown to be a G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) agonist. However, it has not been studied whether anti-fibrotic effects are mediated by GPR35. Therefore, in this study, the role of GPR35 in hepatic fibrosis was investigated through the use of lodoxamide, another anti-allergic drug and a potent GPR35 agonist. Long-term treatment with carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis, which was inhibited by treatment with lodoxamide. Furthermore, CID2745687, a specific GPR35 antagonist, reversed lodoxamide-mediated anti-fibrotic effects. In addition, lodoxamide treatment showed significant effects on the mRNA expression of collagen Iα1, collagen Iα2, and TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix. However, a transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) shedding assay revealed lodoxamide not to be a potent agonist of mouse GPR35 in vitro. Therefore, these results showed anti-fibrotic effects of lodoxamide in mice and raise concerns how lodoxamide protects against liver fibrosis in vivo and whether GPR35 is involved in the action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Mackenzie AE, Quon T, Lin LC, Hauser AS, Jenkins L, Inoue A, Tobin AB, Gloriam DE, Hudson BD, Milligan G. Receptor selectivity between the G proteins Gα 12 and Gα 13 is defined by a single leucine-to-isoleucine variation. FASEB J 2019; 33:5005-5017. [PMID: 30601679 PMCID: PMC6436656 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801956r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in structural definition of GPCR-G protein complexes, the basis of receptor selectivity between G proteins remains unclear. The Gα12 and Gα13 subtypes together form the least studied group of heterotrimeric G proteins. G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) has been suggested to couple efficiently to Gα13 but weakly to Gα12. Using combinations of cells genome-edited to not express G proteins and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer-based sensors, we confirmed marked selectivity of GPR35 for Gα13. Incorporating Gα12/Gα13 chimeras and individual residue swap mutations into these sensors defined that selectivity between Gα13 and Gα12 was imbued largely by a single leucine-to-isoleucine variation at position G.H5.23. Indeed, leucine could not be substituted by other amino acids in Gα13 without almost complete loss of GPR35 coupling. The critical importance of leucine at G.H5.23 for GPR35-G protein interaction was further demonstrated by introduction of this leucine into Gαq, resulting in the gain of coupling to GPR35. These studies demonstrate that Gα13 is markedly the most effective G protein for interaction with GPR35 and that selection between Gα13 and Gα12 is dictated largely by a single conservative amino acid variation.-Mackenzie, A. E., Quon, T., Lin, L.-C., Hauser, A. S., Jenkins, L., Inoue, A., Tobin, A. B., Gloriam, D. E., Hudson, B. D., Milligan, G. Receptor selectivity between the G proteins Gα12 and Gα13 is defined by a single leucine-to-isoleucine variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Mackenzie
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tezz Quon
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Chiung Lin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S Hauser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David E Gloriam
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and
| | - Brian D Hudson
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Protective effect of lodoxamide on hepatic steatosis through GPR35. Cell Signal 2019; 53:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Schierle S, Schmidt J, Kaiser A, Merk D. Selective Optimization of Pranlukast to Farnesoid X Receptor Modulators. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2530-2545. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Jurema Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Str. 9 60438 Frankfurt Germany
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Wei L, Hou T, Lu C, Wang J, Zhang X, Fang Y, Zhao Y, Feng J, Li J, Qu L, Piao HL, Liang X. SAR Studies of N-[2-(1 H-Tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzamide Derivatives as Potent G Protein-Coupled Receptor-35 Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:422-427. [PMID: 29795753 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor-35 (GPR35) has emerged as a potential target in the treatment of pain and inflammatory and metabolic diseases. We have discovered a series of potent GPR35 agonists based on a coumarin scaffold and found that the introduction of a 1H-tetrazol-5-yl group significantly increased their potency. We designed and synthesized a new series of N-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzamide derivatives through a two-step synthetic approach, and characterized their agonistic activities against GPR35 using a dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) assay. N-(5-bromo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-4-methoxybenzamide (56) and N-(5-bromo-2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl)-2-fluoro-4-methoxybenzamide (63) displayed the highest agonistic potency agonist GPR35 with an EC50 of 0.059 μM and 0.041 μM, respectively. The physicochemical properties of selected compounds were calculated to evaluate their druglikeness, suggesting that compounds 56 and 63 have good druglike properties. Together, N-[2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)phenyl]benzamide derivatives are potentially great candidates for developing potent GPR35 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chang Lu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ye Fang
- Biochemical Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - Yaopeng Zhao
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiatao Feng
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lala Qu
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hai-long Piao
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Park S, Lee S, Nam S, Im D. GPR35 mediates lodoxamide-induced migration inhibitory response but not CXCL17-induced migration stimulatory response in THP-1 cells; is GPR35 a receptor for CXCL17? Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:154-161. [PMID: 29068046 PMCID: PMC5740256 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE GPR35 has long been considered an orphan GPCR, because no endogenous ligand of GPR35 has been discovered. CXCL17 (a chemokine) has been reported to be an endogenous ligand of GPR35, and it has even been suggested that it be called CXCR8. However, at present there is no supporting evidence that CXCL17 does interact with GPR35. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We applied two assay systems to explore the relationship between CXCL17 and GPR35. An AP-TGF-α shedding assay in GPR35 over-expressing HEK293 cells was used as a gain-of-function assay. GPR35 knock-down by siRNA transfection was performed in endogenously GPR35-expressing THP-1 cells. KEY RESULTS In the AP-TGF-α shedding assay, lodoxamide, a well-known synthetic GPR35 agonist, was confirmed to be the most potent agonist among other reported agonists. However, neither human nor mouse CXCL17 had an effect on GPR35. Consistent with previous findings, G proteins Gαi/o and Gα12/13 were found to couple with GPR35. Furthermore, lodoxamide-induced activation of GPR35 was concentration-dependently inhibited by CID2745687 (a selective GPR35 antagonist). In endogenously GPR35-expressing THP-1 cells, lodoxamide concentration-dependently inhibited migration and this inhibitory effect was blocked by CID2745687 treatment or GPR35 siRNA transfection. However, even though CXCL17 stimulated the migration of THP-1 cells, which is consistent with a previous report, this stimulatory effect of CXCL17 was not blocked by CID2745687 or GPR35 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The present findings suggest that GPR35 functions as a migration inhibitory receptor, but CXCL17-stimulated migration of THP-1 cells is not dependent on GPR35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo‐Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Seung‐Jin Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - So‐Yeon Nam
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Dong‐Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of PharmacyPusan National UniversityBusanKorea
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Milligan G. G protein-coupled receptors not currently in the spotlight: free fatty acid receptor 2 and GPR35. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:2543-2553. [PMID: 28940377 PMCID: PMC6003633 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely appreciated that G protein‐coupled receptors have been the most successfully exploited class of targets for the development of small molecule medicines. Despite this, to date, less than 15% of the non‐olfactory G protein‐coupled receptors in the human genome are the targets of a clinically used medicine. In many cases, this is likely to reflect a lack of understanding of the basic underpinning biology of many G protein‐coupled receptors that are not currently in the spotlight, as well as a paucity of pharmacological tool compounds and appropriate animal models to test in vivo function of such G protein‐coupled receptors in both normal physiology and in the context of disease. ‘Open Innovation’ arrangements, in which pharmaceutical companies and public–private partnerships provide wider access to tool compounds identified from ligand screening programmes, alongside enhanced medicinal chemistry support to convert such screening ‘hits’ into useful ‘tool’ compounds will provide important routes to improved understanding. However, in parallel, novel approaches to define and fully appreciate the selectivity and mode of action of such tool compounds, as well as better understanding of potential species orthologue variability in the pharmacology and/or signalling profile of a wide range of currently poorly understood and understudied G protein‐coupled receptors, will be vital to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of this large target class. I consider these themes using as exemplars two G protein‐coupled receptors, free fatty acid receptor 2 and GPR35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Milligan
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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De Filippo E, Manga P, Schiedel AC. Identification of Novel G Protein-Coupled Receptor 143 Ligands as Pharmacologic Tools for Investigating X-Linked Ocular Albinism. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017. [PMID: 28632878 PMCID: PMC5482243 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-21128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose GPR143 regulates melanosome biogenesis and organelle size in pigment cells. The mechanisms underlying receptor function remain unclear. G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are excellent pharmacologic targets; thus, we developed and applied a screening approach to identify potential GPR143 ligands and chemical modulators. Methods GPR143 interacts with β-arrestin; we therefore established a β-arrestin recruitment assay to screen for compounds that modulate activity. Because GPR143 is localized intracellularly, screening with the wild-type receptor would be restricted to agents absorbed by the cell. For the screen we used a mutant receptor, which shows similar basal activity as the wild type but traffics to the plasma membrane. We tested two compound libraries and investigated validated hits for their effects on melanocyte pigmentation. Results GPR143, which showed high constitutive activity in the β-arrestin assay, was inhibited by several compounds. The three validated inhibitors (pimozide, niclosamide, and ethacridine lactate) were assessed for impact on melanocytes. Pigmentation and expression of tyrosinase, a key melanogenic enzyme, were reduced by all compounds. Because GPR143 appears to be constitutively active, these compounds may turn off its activity. Conclusions X-linked ocular albinism type I, characterized by developmental eye defects, results from GPR143 mutations. Identifying pharmacologic agents that modulate GPR143 activity will contribute significantly to our understanding of its function and provide novel tools with which to study GPCRs in melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium. Pimozide, one of three GPR143 inhibitors identified in this study, maybe be a good lead structure for development of more potent compounds and provide a platform for design of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashiela Manga
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Reis J, Gaspar A, Milhazes N, Borges F. Chromone as a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7941-7957. [PMID: 28537720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of privileged structures in drug discovery has proven to be an effective strategy, allowing the generation of innovative hits/leads and successful optimization processes. Chromone is recognized as a privileged structure and a useful template for the design of novel compounds with potential pharmacological interest, particularly in the field of neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases as well as diabetes and cancer. This perspective provides the reader with an update of an earlier article entitled "Chromone: A Valid Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry" ( Chem. Rev. 2014 , 114 , 4960 - 4992 ) and is mainly focused on chromones of biological interest, including those isolated from natural sources. Moreover, as drug repurposing is becoming an attractive drug discovery approach, recent repurposing studies of chromone-based drugs are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Reis
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Nuno Milhazes
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto 4169-007, Portugal
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Mackenzie AE, Milligan G. The emerging pharmacology and function of GPR35 in the nervous system. Neuropharmacology 2017; 113:661-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wei L, Wang J, Zhang X, Wang P, Zhao Y, Li J, Hou T, Qu L, Shi L, Liang X, Fang Y. Discovery of 2H-Chromen-2-one Derivatives as G Protein-Coupled Receptor-35 Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 60:362-372. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jixia Wang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation
Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yaopeng Zhao
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lala Qu
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Liying Shi
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key
Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Co-innovation
Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ye Fang
- Biochemical
Technologies, Science and Technology Division, Corning, New York 14831, United States
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Obreque-Balboa JE, Sun Q, Bernhardt G, König B, Buschauer A. Flavonoid derivatives as selective ABCC1 modulators: Synthesis and functional characterization. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 109:124-33. [PMID: 26774038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromones, bearing substituted amino groups or N-substituted carboxamide moieties in position 2, was synthesized and characterized in cellular assays for modulation of the ABC transporters ABCC1 (MDCKII-MRP1 cells), ABCB1 (Kb-V1 cells) and ABCG2 (MCF-7/Topo cells). The most potent ABCC1 modulators identified among these flavonoid-type compounds were comparable to the reference compound reversan regarding potency, but superior in terms of selectivity concerning ABCB1 and ABCG2 (2-[4-(Benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-5,7-dimethoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (51): ABCC1, IC50 11.3 μM; inactive at ABCB1 and ABCG2). Compound 51 was as effective as reversan in reverting ABCC1-mediated resistance to cytostatics in MDCKII-MRP1 cells and proved to be stable in mouse plasma and cell culture medium. Modulators, such as compound 51, are of potential value as pharmacological tools for the investigation of the (patho)physiological role of ABCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiu Sun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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Karpińska G, Dobrowolski JC. On the 6- and 7-substituted chromone system. A computational study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Divorty N, Mackenzie AE, Nicklin SA, Milligan G. G protein-coupled receptor 35: an emerging target in inflammatory and cardiovascular disease. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:41. [PMID: 25805994 PMCID: PMC4354270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is an orphan receptor, discovered in 1998, that has garnered interest as a potential therapeutic target through its association with a range of diseases. However, a lack of pharmacological tools and the absence of convincingly defined endogenous ligands have hampered the understanding of function necessary to exploit it therapeutically. Although several endogenous molecules can activate GPR35 none has yet been confirmed as the key endogenous ligand due to reasons that include lack of biological specificity, non-physiologically relevant potency and species ortholog selectivity. Recent advances have identified several highly potent synthetic agonists and antagonists, as well as agonists with equivalent potency at rodent and human orthologs, which will be useful as tool compounds. Homology modeling and mutagenesis studies have provided insight into the mode of ligand binding and possible reasons for the species selectivity of some ligands. Advances have also been made in determining the role of the receptor in disease. In the past, genome-wide association studies have associated GPR35 with diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, and coronary artery disease. More recent functional studies have implicated it in processes as diverse as heart failure and hypoxia, inflammation, pain transduction and synaptic transmission. In this review, we summarize the progress made in understanding the molecular pharmacology, downstream signaling and physiological function of GPR35, and discuss its emerging potential applications as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Divorty
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Amanda E Mackenzie
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow UK
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Ribeiro Laia FM, Soares MIL, Gomes CSB, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Pericyclic Reactions of Azafulvenium Methides Bearing Internal Dipolarophiles - Synthesis of Chromene and Chromane Derivatives. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Kandhasamy S, Ramanathan G, Kamalraja J, Balaji R, Mathivanan N, Sivagnanam UT, Perumal PT. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of chromen and pyrano chromen-5-one derivatives impregnated into a novel collagen based scaffold for tissue engineering applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07133j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of novel chromen and pyrano chromen-5-one derivatives (CCN) has obtained in simple experimental method. The CCN and collagen based scaffold showed excellent biological properties to act as biomaterial in tissue engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Kandhasamy
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai-600020
- India
| | | | - Jayabal Kamalraja
- Organic Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai-600020
- India
| | - Ravichandran Balaji
- Biocontrol and Microbial Metabolites Lab
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
| | - Narayanasamy Mathivanan
- Biocontrol and Microbial Metabolites Lab
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany
- University of Madras
- Chennai – 600 025
- India
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25
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Alkondon M, Pereira EFR, Todd SW, Randall WR, Lane MV, Albuquerque EX. Functional G-protein-coupled receptor 35 is expressed by neurons in the CA1 field of the hippocampus. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:506-18. [PMID: 25542997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) was de-orphanized after the discovery that kynurenic acid (KYNA), an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, acts as an agonist of this receptor. Abundant evidence supports that GPR35 exists primarily in peripheral tissues. Here, we tested the hypothesis that GPR35 exists in the hippocampus and influences the neuronal activity. Fluorescence immunohistochemical staining using an antibody anti-NeuN (a neuronal marker), an antibody anti-GFAP (a glial marker), and an antibody anti-GPR35 revealed that neurons in the stratum oriens, stratum pyramidale, and stratum radiatum of the CA1 field of the hippocampus express GPR35. To determine the presence of functional GPR35 in the neurocircuitry, we tested the effects of various GPR35 agonists on the frequency of spontaneous action potentials recorded as fast current transients (CTs) from stratum radiatum interneurons (SRIs) under cell-attached configuration in rat hippocampal slices. Bath application of the GPR35 agonists zaprinast (1-10 μM), dicumarol (50-100 μM), pamoic acid (500-1000 μM), and amlexanox (3 μM) produced a concentration- and time-dependent reduction in the frequency of CTs. Superfusion of the hippocampal slices with the GPR35 antagonist ML145 (1 μM) increased the frequency of CTs and reduced the inhibitory effect of zaprinast. Bath application of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil (1 or 5 μM) was ineffective, whereas a subsequent application of zaprinast was effective in reducing the CT frequency. The present results demonstrate for the first time that functional GPR35s are expressed by CA1 neurons and suggest that these receptors can be molecular targets for controlling neuronal activity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickavasagom Alkondon
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, Suite 900, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Edna F R Pereira
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, Suite 900, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Spencer W Todd
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, Suite 900, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - William R Randall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malcolm V Lane
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, Suite 900, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Edson X Albuquerque
- Division of Translational Toxicology, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine Street, Suite 900, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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26
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Ahmad R, Wojciech S, Jockers R. Hunting for the function of orphan GPCRs - beyond the search for the endogenous ligand. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:3212-28. [PMID: 25231237 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven transmembrane-spanning proteins (7TM), also called GPCRs, are among the most versatile and evolutionary successful protein families. Out of the 400 non-odourant members identified in the human genome, approximately 100 remain orphans that have not been matched with an endogenous ligand. Apart from the classical deorphanization strategies, several alternative strategies provided recent new insights into the function of these proteins, which hold promise for high therapeutic potential. These alternative strategies consist of the phenotypical characterization of organisms silenced or overexpressing orphan 7TM proteins, the search for constitutive receptor activity and formation of protein complexes including 7TM proteins as well as the development of synthetic, surrogate ligands. Taken together, a variety of ligand-independent functions can be attributed to orphan 7TM proteins that range from constitutive activity to complex formation with other proteins and include 'true' orphans for which no ligand exist and 'conditional' orphans that behave like orphans in the absence of ligand and as non-orphans in the presence of ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raise Ahmad
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Wojciech
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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27
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Liang T, Yan C, Yang L, Hu M, Ban S, Li Q. 3D-QSAR studies of 8-substituted chromen-4-one-2-carboxylic acid derivatives as potent agonists for the orphan G protein-coupled receptor 35. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Rempel V, Atzler K, Behrenswerth A, Karcz T, Schoeder C, Hinz S, Kaleta M, Thimm D, Kiec-Kononowicz K, Müller CE. Bicyclic imidazole-4-one derivatives: a new class of antagonists for the orphan G protein-coupled receptors GPR18 and GPR55. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00394a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
GPR18 and GPR55 are orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that interact with certain cannabinoid (CB) receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Rempel
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Atzler
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - A. Behrenswerth
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - T. Karcz
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs
| | - C. Schoeder
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - S. Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - M. Kaleta
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs
- Jagiellonian University Medical College
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Kraków, Poland
| | - D. Thimm
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - K. Kiec-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs
- Jagiellonian University Medical College
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Kraków, Poland
| | - C. E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn
- Pharmaceutical Institute
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I
- D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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29
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MacKenzie AE, Caltabiano G, Kent TC, Jenkins L, McCallum JE, Hudson BD, Nicklin SA, Fawcett L, Markwick R, Charlton SJ, Milligan G. The antiallergic mast cell stabilizers lodoxamide and bufrolin as the first high and equipotent agonists of human and rat GPR35. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 85:91-104. [PMID: 24113750 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.089482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of high potency agonists has restricted analysis of the G protein-coupled receptor GPR35. Moreover, marked variation in potency and/or affinity of current ligands between human and rodent orthologs of GPR35 has limited their productive use in rodent models of physiology. Based on the reported modest potency of the antiasthma and antiallergic ligands cromolyn disodium and nedocromil sodium, we identified the related compounds lodoxamide and bufrolin as high potency agonists of human GPR35. Unlike previously identified high potency agonists that are highly selective for human GPR35, both lodoxamide and bufrolin displayed equivalent potency at rat GPR35. Further synthetic antiallergic ligands, either sharing features of the standard surrogate agonist zaprinast, or with lodoxamide and bufrolin, were also shown to display agonism at either human or rat GPR35. Because both lodoxamide and bufrolin are symmetric di-acids, their potential mode of binding was explored via mutagenesis based on swapping between the rat and human ortholog nonconserved arginine residues within proximity of a key conserved arginine at position 3.36. Computational modeling and ligand docking predicted the contributions of different arginine residues, other than at 3.36, in human GPR35 for these two ligands and were consistent with selective loss of potency of either bufrolin or lodoxamide at distinct arginine mutants. The computational models also suggested that bufrolin and lodoxamide would display reduced potency at a low-frequency human GPR35 single nucleotide polymorphism. This prediction was confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E MacKenzie
- Molecular Pharmacology Group, Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology (A.E.M., G.C., L.J., J.E.M., B.D.H., G.M.) and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, (J.E.M., S.A.N.), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain (G.C.); and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Horsham, United Kingdom (T.C.K., L.F., R.M., S.J.C.)
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30
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Thimm D, Funke M, Meyer A, Müller CE. 6-Bromo-8-(4-[3H]methoxybenzamido)-4-oxo-4H-chromene-2-carboxylic Acid: A Powerful Tool for Studying Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR35. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7084-99. [DOI: 10.1021/jm4009373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Thimm
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mario Funke
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anne Meyer
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical
Institute, Pharmaceutical
Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der
Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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