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Mokrov GV. Multitargeting in cardioprotection: An example of biaromatic compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300196. [PMID: 37345968 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
A multitarget drug design approach is actively developing in modern medicinal chemistry and pharmacology, especially with regard to multifactorial diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. A detailed study of many well-known drugs developed within the single-target approach also often reveals additional mechanisms of their real pharmacological action. One of the multitarget drug design approaches can be the identification of the basic pharmacophore models corresponding to a wide range of the required target ligands. Among such models in the group of cardioprotectors is the linked biaromatic system. This review develops the concept of a "basic pharmacophore" using the biaromatic pharmacophore of cardioprotectors as an example. It presents an analysis of possible biological targets for compounds corresponding to the biaromatic pharmacophore and an analysis of the spectrum of biological targets for the five most known and most studied cardioprotective drugs corresponding to this model, and their involvement in the biological effects of these drugs.
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2
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Stępnicki P, Wośko S, Bartyzel A, Zięba A, Bartuzi D, Szałaj K, Wróbel TM, Fornal E, Carlsson J, Kędzierska E, Poleszak E, Castro M, Kaczor AA. Development and Characterization of Novel Selective, Non-Basic Dopamine D 2 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104211. [PMID: 37241951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor, which belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), is an important and well-validated drug target in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its wide distribution, particularly in the central nervous system, and involvement in the pathomechanism of many disorders thereof. Schizophrenia is one of the most frequent diseases associated with disorders in dopaminergic neurotransmission, and in which the D2 receptor is the main target for the drugs used. In this work, we aimed at discovering new selective D2 receptor antagonists with potential antipsychotic activity. Twenty-three compounds were synthesized, based on the scaffold represented by the D2AAK2 compound, which was discovered by our group. This compound is an interesting example of a D2 receptor ligand because of its non-classical binding to this target. Radioligand binding assays and SAR analysis indicated structural modifications of D2AAK2 that are possible to maintain its activity. These findings were further rationalized using molecular modeling. Three active derivatives were identified as D2 receptor antagonists in cAMP signaling assays, and the selected most active compound 17 was subjected to X-ray studies to investigate its stable conformation in the solid state. Finally, effects of 17 assessed in animal models confirmed its antipsychotic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Stępnicki
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wośko
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Bartyzel
- Department of General and Coordination Chemistry and Crystallography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq. 2, PL-20031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Zięba
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Damian Bartuzi
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klaudia Szałaj
- Department of Bioanalytics, Chair of Dietetics and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., PL-20090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Wróbel
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Bioanalytics, Chair of Dietetics and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biomedicine, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., PL-20090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marián Castro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Avda de Barcelona, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Travesía da Choupana s/n, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., PL-20093 Lublin, Poland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Free RB, Nilson AN, Boldizsar NM, Doyle TB, Rodriguiz RM, Pogorelov VM, Machino M, Lee KH, Bertz JW, Xu J, Lim HD, Dulcey AE, Mach RH, Woods JH, Lane JR, Shi L, Marugan JJ, Wetsel WC, Sibley DR. Identification and Characterization of ML321: A Novel and Highly Selective D 2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonist with Efficacy in Animal Models That Predict Atypical Antipsychotic Activity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:151-170. [PMID: 36654757 PMCID: PMC9841785 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and characterized a novel D2R antagonist with exceptional GPCR selectivity - ML321. In functional profiling screens of 168 different GPCRs, ML321 showed little activity beyond potent inhibition of the D2R and to a lesser extent the D3R, demonstrating excellent receptor selectivity. The D2R selectivity of ML321 may be related to the fact that, unlike other monoaminergic ligands, ML321 lacks a positively charged amine group and adopts a unique binding pose within the orthosteric binding site of the D2R. PET imaging studies in non-human primates demonstrated that ML321 penetrates the CNS and occupies the D2R in a dose-dependent manner. Behavioral paradigms in rats demonstrate that ML321 can selectively antagonize a D2R-mediated response (hypothermia) while not affecting a D3R-mediated response (yawning) using the same dose of drug, thus indicating exceptional in vivo selectivity. We also investigated the effects of ML321 in animal models that are predictive of antipsychotic efficacy in humans. We found that ML321 attenuates both amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity and restored pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, using doses that were maximally effective in both the locomotor and PPI studies, ML321 was relatively ineffective in promoting catalepsy. Kinetic studies revealed that ML321 exhibits slow-on and fast-off receptor binding rates, similar to those observed with atypical antipsychotics with reduced extrapyramidal side effects. Taken together, these observations suggest that ML321, or a derivative thereof, may exhibit ″atypical″ antipsychotic activity in humans with significantly fewer side effects than observed with the currently FDA-approved D2R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Ashley N. Nilson
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Noelia M. Boldizsar
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Trevor B. Doyle
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine
Analysis Core Facility, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
| | - Vladimir M. Pogorelov
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine
Analysis Core Facility, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
| | - Mayako Machino
- Computational
Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and
Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of
Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, United
States
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational
Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and
Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of
Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, United
States
| | - Jeremiah W. Bertz
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Michigan
Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Division
of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute
of Radiology, Washington University School
of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri63110, United States
| | - Herman D. Lim
- Drug Discovery
Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Division
of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department
of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - James H. Woods
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Michigan
Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities
of Birmingham and Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational
Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and
Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of
Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, United
States
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Division
of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine
Analysis Core Facility, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
- Departments
of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
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4
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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Mind the Gap—Deciphering GPCR Pharmacology Using 3D Pharmacophores and Artificial Intelligence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111304. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are amongst the most pharmaceutically relevant and well-studied protein targets, yet unanswered questions in the field leave significant gaps in our understanding of their nuanced structure and function. Three-dimensional pharmacophore models are powerful computational tools in in silico drug discovery, presenting myriad opportunities for the integration of GPCR structural biology and cheminformatics. This review highlights success stories in the application of 3D pharmacophore modeling to de novo drug design, the discovery of biased and allosteric ligands, scaffold hopping, QSAR analysis, hit-to-lead optimization, GPCR de-orphanization, mechanistic understanding of GPCR pharmacology and the elucidation of ligand–receptor interactions. Furthermore, advances in the incorporation of dynamics and machine learning are highlighted. The review will analyze challenges in the field of GPCR drug discovery, detailing how 3D pharmacophore modeling can be used to address them. Finally, we will present opportunities afforded by 3D pharmacophore modeling in the advancement of our understanding and targeting of GPCRs.
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6
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7
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Punetha A, Green KD, Garzan A, Thamban Chandrika N, Willby MJ, Pang AH, Hou C, Holbrook SYL, Krieger K, Posey JE, Parish T, Tsodikov OV, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Structure-based design of haloperidol analogues as inhibitors of acetyltransferase Eis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to overcome kanamycin resistance. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1894-1909. [PMID: 34825186 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a deadly bacterial disease. Drug-resistant strains of Mtb make eradication of TB a daunting task. Overexpression of the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein by Mtb confers resistance to the second-line antibiotic kanamycin (KAN). Eis is an acetyltransferase that acetylates KAN, inactivating its antimicrobial function. Development of Eis inhibitors as KAN adjuvant therapeutics is an attractive path to forestall and overcome KAN resistance. We discovered that an antipsychotic drug, haloperidol (HPD, 1), was a potent Eis inhibitor with IC50 = 0.39 ± 0.08 μM. We determined the crystal structure of the Eis-haloperidol (1) complex, which guided synthesis of 34 analogues. The structure-activity relationship study showed that in addition to haloperidol (1), eight analogues, some of which were smaller than 1, potently inhibited Eis (IC50 ≤ 1 μM). Crystal structures of Eis in complexes with three potent analogues and droperidol (DPD), an antiemetic and antipsychotic, were determined. Three compounds partially restored KAN sensitivity of a KAN-resistant Mtb strain K204 overexpressing Eis. The Eis inhibitors generally did not exhibit cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. All tested compounds were modestly metabolically stable in human liver microsomes, exhibiting 30-60% metabolism over the course of the assay. While direct repurposing of haloperidol as an anti-TB agent is unlikely due to its neurotoxicity, this study reveals potential approaches to modifying this chemical scaffold to minimize toxicity and improve metabolic stability, while preserving potent Eis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Punetha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Atefeh Garzan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Melisa J Willby
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Allan H Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Caixia Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Selina Y L Holbrook
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Kyle Krieger
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute 307 Westlake Avenue N Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - James E Posey
- Laboratory Branch, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329 USA
| | - Tanya Parish
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute 307 Westlake Avenue N Seattle WA 98109 USA
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky 789 South Limestone Street Lexington KY 40536 USA
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8
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Thomas M, Smith RT, O'Boyle NM, de Graaf C, Bender A. Comparison of structure- and ligand-based scoring functions for deep generative models: a GPCR case study. J Cheminform 2021; 13:39. [PMID: 33985583 PMCID: PMC8117600 DOI: 10.1186/s13321-021-00516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep generative models have shown the ability to devise both valid and novel chemistry, which could significantly accelerate the identification of bioactive compounds. Many current models, however, use molecular descriptors or ligand-based predictive methods to guide molecule generation towards a desirable property space. This restricts their application to relatively data-rich targets, neglecting those where little data is available to sufficiently train a predictor. Moreover, ligand-based approaches often bias molecule generation towards previously established chemical space, thereby limiting their ability to identify truly novel chemotypes. In this work, we assess the ability of using molecular docking via Glide-a structure-based approach-as a scoring function to guide the deep generative model REINVENT and compare model performance and behaviour to a ligand-based scoring function. Additionally, we modify the previously published MOSES benchmarking dataset to remove any induced bias towards non-protonatable groups. We also propose a new metric to measure dataset diversity, which is less confounded by the distribution of heavy atom count than the commonly used internal diversity metric. With respect to the main findings, we found that when optimizing the docking score against DRD2, the model improves predicted ligand affinity beyond that of known DRD2 active molecules. In addition, generated molecules occupy complementary chemical and physicochemical space compared to the ligand-based approach, and novel physicochemical space compared to known DRD2 active molecules. Furthermore, the structure-based approach learns to generate molecules that satisfy crucial residue interactions, which is information only available when taking protein structure into account. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantage of using molecular docking to guide de novo molecule generation over ligand-based predictors with respect to predicted affinity, novelty, and the ability to identify key interactions between ligand and protein target. Practically, this approach has applications in early hit generation campaigns to enrich a virtual library towards a particular target, and also in novelty-focused projects, where de novo molecule generation either has no prior ligand knowledge available or should not be biased by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Thomas
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Robert T Smith
- Computational Chemistry, Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Noel M O'Boyle
- Computational Chemistry, Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Computational Chemistry, Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6DG, UK.
| | - Andreas Bender
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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9
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Appiah-Kubi P, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Exploring the structural basis and atomistic binding mechanistic of the selective antagonist blockade at D 3 dopamine receptor over D 2 dopamine receptor. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2885. [PMID: 33401335 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
More recently, there has been a paradigm shift toward selective drug targeting in the treatment of neurological disorders, including drug addiction, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease mediated by the different dopamine receptor subtypes. Antagonists with higher selectivity for D3 dopamine receptor (D3DR) over D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR) have been shown to attenuate drug-seeking behavior and associated side effects compared to non-subtype selective antagonists. However, high conservations among constituent residues of both proteins, particularly at the ligand-binding pockets, remain a challenge to therapeutic drug design. Recent studies have reported the discovery of two small-molecules R-VK4-40 and Y-QA31 which substantially inhibited D3DR with >180-fold selectivity over D2DR. Therefore, in this study, we seek to provide molecular and structural insights into these differential binding mechanistic using meta-analytic computational simulation methods. Findings revealed that R-VK4-40 and Y-QA31 adopted shallow binding modes and were more surface-exposed at D3DR while on the contrary, they exhibited deep hydrophobic pocket binding at D2DR. Also, two non-conserved residues; Tyr361.39 and Ser18245.51 were identified in D3DR, based on their crucial roles and contributions to the selective binding of R-VK4-40 and Y-QA31. Importantly, both antagonists exhibited high affinities in complex with D3DR compared to D2DR, while van der Waals energies contributed majorly to their binding and stability. Structural analyses also revealed the distinct stabilizing effects of both compounds on D3DR secondary architecture relative to D2DR. Therefore, findings herein pinpointed the origin and mechanistic of selectivity of the compounds, which may assist in the rational design of potential small molecules of the D2 -like dopamine family receptor subtype with improved potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Appiah-Kubi
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fisayo Andrew Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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10
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Staroń J, Bugno R, Pietruś W, Satała G, Mordalski S, Warszycki D, Hogendorf A, Hogendorf AS, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J, Lenda T, Pilarski B, Bojarski AJ. Rationally designed N-phenylsulfonylindoles as a tool for the analysis of the non-basic 5-HT 6R ligands binding mode. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112916. [PMID: 33328102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Among all of the monoaminergic receptors, the 5-HT6R has the highest number of non-basic ligands (approximately 5% of compounds stored in 25th version of ChEMBL database have the strongest basic pKa below 5, calculated using the Instant JChem calculator plugin). These compounds, when devoid of a basic nitrogen, exhibit high affinity and remarkable selectivity. Despite a decade of research, no clues have been given for explanation of such an intriguing phenomenon. Here, a series of analogs of four known 5-HT6R ligands, has been rationally designed to approach this issue. For each of the synthesized 42 compounds, a binding affinity for 5-HT6R has been measured, together with a selectivity profile against 5-HT1AR, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT7R and D2R. Performed induced fit docking and molecular dynamics experiments revealed that no particular interaction was responsible for the activity of non-basic compounds. In fact, a plain N-phenylsulfonylindole (1e) was found to possess a moderate (5-HT6R, Ki = 159 nM) affinity. No other monoaminergic receptor has as simple and selective ligand as this one. Thus, it is stated that it binds to the receptor solely based on its conformation and as such, possesses a minimum amount of features, required for binding. Also, any functional group able to form an additional interaction with the receptor increase the binding affinity, like in the case of two highly active non-basic compounds 3e and 5g (5-HT6R, Ki = 65 nM and 38 nM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Staroń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Stefan Mordalski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Dawid Warszycki
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Agata Hogendorf
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Adam S Hogendorf
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | - Justyna Kalinowska-Tłuścik
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physic Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343, Kraków, 12 Smętna Street, Poland
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11
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Farino ZJ, Morgenstern TJ, Maffei A, Quick M, De Solis AJ, Wiriyasermkul P, Freyberg RJ, Aslanoglou D, Sorisio D, Inbar BP, Free RB, Donthamsetti P, Mosharov EV, Kellendonk C, Schwartz GJ, Sibley DR, Schmauss C, Zeltser LM, Moore H, Harris PE, Javitch JA, Freyberg Z. New roles for dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors in pancreatic beta cell insulin secretion. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2070-2085. [PMID: 30626912 PMCID: PMC6616020 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although long-studied in the central nervous system, there is increasing evidence that dopamine (DA) has important roles in the periphery including in metabolic regulation. Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells express the machinery for DA synthesis and catabolism, as well as all five DA receptors. In these cells, DA functions as a negative regulator of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), which is mediated by DA D2-like receptors including D2 (D2R) and D3 (D3R) receptors. However, the fundamental mechanisms of DA synthesis, storage, release, and signaling in pancreatic β-cells and their functional relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed the roles of the DA precursor L-DOPA in β-cell DA synthesis and release in conjunction with the signaling mechanisms underlying DA's inhibition of GSIS. Our results show that the uptake of L-DOPA is essential for establishing intracellular DA stores in β-cells. Glucose stimulation significantly enhances L-DOPA uptake, leading to increased DA release and GSIS reduction in an autocrine/paracrine manner. Furthermore, D2R and D3R act in combination to mediate dopaminergic inhibition of GSIS. Transgenic knockout mice in which β-cell D2R or D3R expression is eliminated exhibit diminished DA secretion during glucose stimulation, suggesting a new mechanism where D2-like receptors modify DA release to modulate GSIS. Lastly, β-cell-selective D2R knockout mice exhibit marked postprandial hyperinsulinemia in vivo. These results reveal that peripheral D2R and D3R receptors play important roles in metabolism through their inhibitory effects on GSIS. This opens the possibility that blockade of peripheral D2-like receptors by drugs including antipsychotic medications may significantly contribute to the metabolic disturbances observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Farino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Travis J. Morgenstern
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonella Maffei
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Quick
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alain J. De Solis
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pattama Wiriyasermkul
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Current address: Department of Collaborative Research, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Robin J. Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Denise Sorisio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin P. Inbar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Current address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eugene V. Mosharov
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Schmauss
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lori M. Zeltser
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul E. Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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12
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Moritz AE, Free RB, Weiner WS, Akano EO, Gandhi D, Abramyan A, Keck TM, Ferrer M, Hu X, Southall N, Steiner J, Aubé J, Shi L, Frankowski KJ, Sibley DR. Discovery, Optimization, and Characterization of ML417: A Novel and Highly Selective D 3 Dopamine Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5526-5567. [PMID: 32342685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) agonists, we conducted a high-throughput screen using a β-arrestin recruitment assay. Counterscreening of the hit compounds provided an assessment of their selectivity, efficacy, and potency. The most promising scaffold was optimized through medicinal chemistry resulting in enhanced potency and selectivity. The optimized compound, ML417 (20), potently promotes D3R-mediated β-arrestin translocation, G protein activation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK) while lacking activity at other dopamine receptors. Screening of ML417 against multiple G protein-coupled receptors revealed exceptional global selectivity. Molecular modeling suggests that ML417 interacts with the D3R in a unique manner, possibly explaining its remarkable selectivity. ML417 was also found to protect against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSCs. Together with promising pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles, these results suggest that ML417 is a novel and uniquely selective D3R agonist that may serve as both a research tool and a therapeutic lead for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Warren S Weiner
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Akano
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Disha Gandhi
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ara Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Joseph Steiner
- NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
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13
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Haloperidol bound D 2 dopamine receptor structure inspired the discovery of subtype selective ligands. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1074. [PMID: 32103023 PMCID: PMC7044277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) is one of the most well-established therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders. Most clinically approved and investigational drugs that target this receptor are known to be subfamily-selective for all three D2-like receptors, rather than subtype-selective for only DRD2. Here, we report the crystal structure of DRD2 bound to the most commonly used antipsychotic drug, haloperidol. The structures suggest an extended binding pocket for DRD2 that distinguishes it from other D2-like subtypes. A detailed analysis of the structures illuminates key structural determinants essential for DRD2 activation and subtype selectivity. A structure-based and mechanism-driven screening combined with a lead optimization approach yield DRD2 highly selective agonists, which could be used as chemical probes for studying the physiological and pathological functions of DRD2 as well as promising therapeutic leads devoid of promiscuity. The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) is one of the most well-established therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders. Here, the authors report the crystal structure of the antipsychotic drug haloperidol bound to DRD2 via an extended binding pocket that distinguishes it from other D2-like subtypes.
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14
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Becerra-Rivas C, Cuervo-Prado P, Orozco-Lopez F. Efficient catalyst-free tricomponent synthesis of new spiro[cyclohexane-1,4′-pyrazolo[3,4-e][1, 4]thiazepin]-7′(6′H)-ones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1554143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Becerra-Rivas
- Group of Studies in Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Cuervo-Prado
- Group of Studies in Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabian Orozco-Lopez
- Group of Studies in Synthesis and Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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15
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Kaczor AA, Żuk J, Matosiuk D. Comparative molecular field analysis and molecular dynamics studies of the dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists without a protonatable nitrogen atom. Med Chem Res 2018; 27:1149-1166. [PMID: 29576721 PMCID: PMC5854747 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The dopaminergic hypothesis of schizophrenia is the main concept explaining the direct reasons of schizophrenia and the effectiveness of current antipsychotics. All antipsychotics present on the market are potent dopamine D2 receptor antagonists or partial agonists. In this work we investigate a series of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists which do not fulfill the criteria of the classical pharmacophore model as they do not possess a protonatable nitrogen atom necessary to interact with the conserved Asp(3.32). Such compounds are interesting, inter alia, due to possible better pharmacokinetic profile when compared to basic, ionizable molecules. By means of homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics we determined that the compounds investigated interact with Asp(3.32) via their amide nitrogen atom. It was found that the studied compounds stabilize the receptor inactive conformation through the effect on the ionic lock, which is typical for GPCR antagonists. We constructed a CoMFA model for the studied compounds with the following statistics: R2 = 0.95, Q2 = 0.63. The quality of the CoMFA model was confirmed by high value of R2 of the test set, equal 0.96. The CoMFA model indicated two regions where bulky substituents are favored and two regions where bulky substituents are not beneficial. Two red contour regions near carbonyl groups were identified meaning that negative charge would be favored here. Furthermore, the S-oxide group is connected with blue contour region meaning that positive charge is favored in this position. These findings may be applied for further optimization of the studied compound series. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A Kaczor
- 1Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., 20093 Lublin, Poland.,2School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Justyna Żuk
- 1Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., 20093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- 1Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modelling Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki St., 20093 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Moritz AE, Free RB, Sibley DR. Advances and challenges in the search for D 2 and D 3 dopamine receptor-selective compounds. Cell Signal 2017; 41:75-81. [PMID: 28716664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that target D2-like dopamine receptors (DRs) are currently used as therapeutics for several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (antagonists) and Parkinson's disease (agonists). However, as the D2R and D3R subtypes are highly homologous, creating compounds with sufficient subtype-selectivity as well as drug-like properties for therapeutic use has proved challenging. This review summarizes the progress that has been made in developing D2R- or D3R-selective antagonists and agonists, and also describes the experimental conditions that need to be considered when determining the selectivity of a given compound, as apparent selectivity can vary widely depending on assay conditions. Future advances in this field may take advantage of currently available structural data to target alternative secondary binding sites through creating bivalent or bitopic chemical structures. Alternatively, the use of high-throughput screening techniques to identify novel scaffolds that might bind to the D2R or D3R in areas other than the highly conserved orthosteric site, such as allosteric sites, followed by iterative medicinal chemistry will likely lead to exceptionally selective compounds in the future. More selective compounds will provide a better understanding of the normal and pathological functioning of each receptor subtype, as well as offer the potential for improved therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, MD 20892-3723, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, MD 20892-3723, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, MD 20892-3723, United States.
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17
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Kumar V, Moritz AE, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Sibley CD, Free RB, Shi L, Lane JR, Sibley DR, Newman AH. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel trans-Cyclopropylmethyl-Linked Bivalent Ligands That Exhibit Selectivity and Allosteric Pharmacology at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R). J Med Chem 2017; 60:1478-1494. [PMID: 28186762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of bitopic ligands directed toward D2-like receptors has proven to be of particular interest to improve the selectivity and/or affinity of these ligands and as an approach to modulate and bias their efficacies. The structural similarities between dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)-selective molecules that display bitopic or allosteric pharmacology and those that are simply competitive antagonists are subtle and intriguing. Herein we synthesized a series of molecules in which the primary and secondary pharmacophores were derived from the D3R-selective antagonists SB269,652 (1) and SB277011A (2) whose structural similarity and pharmacological disparity provided the perfect templates for SAR investigation. Incorporating a trans-cyclopropylmethyl linker between pharmacophores and manipulating linker length resulted in the identification of two bivalent noncompetitive D3R-selective antagonists, 18a and 25a, which further delineates SAR associated with allosterism at D3R and provides leads toward novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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18
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19
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Wang M, Xie W, Li A, Xu S. Structural Basis and Mechanism of Chiral Benzedrine Molecules Interacting With Third Dopamine Receptor. Chirality 2016; 28:674-85. [PMID: 27581600 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the chiral benzedrine molecules corresponding to their different characteristics in biochemical systems, we studied their interaction with D3 R using the docking method, molecular dynamic simulation, and quantum chemistry. The obtained results indicate that the active residues for R-benzedrine (RAT) bound with D3 R are Ala132, Asp133, and Tyr55, while Asn57, Asp133, Asp168, Cys172, Gly54, Trp24, and Vall136 act as the active residues for S-benzedrine (SAT). The different active pockets are observed for ART or SAT because they possess different active residues. The binding energies between RAT and SAT with D3 R were determined to be -44.0 kJ.mol(-1) and -71.2 kJ.mol(-1) , respectively. These results demonstrate that SAT within the studied pocket of D3 R has a stronger capability of binding with D3 R, while it is more feasible for RAT to leave from the interior positions of D3 R. In addition, the results suggest that the D3 R protein can recognize chiral benzedrine molecules and influence their different addictive and pharmacological effects in biochemical systems. Chirality 28:674-685, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Aijing Li
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Sichuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Medicinal Chemistry of Natural Resource, College of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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20
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Butini S, Nikolic K, Kassel S, Brückmann H, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Gemma S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Campiani G, Stark H. Polypharmacology of dopamine receptor ligands. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:68-103. [PMID: 27234980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of designed multiple ligands holds great promises and appears as the next step in drug development for the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. Dopamine and its five receptor subtypes are intimately involved in numerous neurological disorders. Dopamine receptor ligands display a high degree of cross interactions with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes and ion channels. For brain disorders like Parkinsońs disease, schizophrenia and depression the dopaminergic system, being intertwined with many other signaling systems, plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy. The concept of designed multiple ligands and polypharmacology, which perfectly meets the therapeutic needs for these brain disorders, is herein discussed as a general ligand-based concept while focusing on dopaminergic agents and receptor subtypes in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - K Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Kassel
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Filipic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Brogi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Kaczor AA, Silva AG, Loza MI, Kolb P, Castro M, Poso A. Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Dopamine D2Receptor Ligands as Potential Antipsychotics. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:718-29. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka A. Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Lab; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division for Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 4A Chodźki St. 20059 Lublin Poland
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Andrea G. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - María I. Loza
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Philipps University Marburg; Marbacher Weg 6 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Marián Castro
- Department of Pharmacology; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS); Avda de Barcelona 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
- University Hospital Tübingen; Department of Internal Medicine I; Division of Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology; Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Ryan JH, Smith JA, Hyland C, Meyer AG, Williams CC, Bissember AC, Just J. Seven-Membered Rings. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100024-3.00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yasgar A, Simeonov A. Current approaches for the discovery of drugs that deter substance and drug abuse. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2014; 9:1319-31. [PMID: 25251069 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2014.956721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Much has been presented and debated on the topic of drug abuse and its multidimensional nature, including the role of society and its customs and laws, economical factors, and the magnitude and nature of the burden. Given the complex nature of the receptors and pathways implicated in regulation of the cognitive and behavioral processes associated with addiction, a large number of molecular targets have been interrogated during recent years to discover starting points for development of small-molecule interventions. AREAS COVERED This review describes recent developments in the field of early drug discovery for drug abuse interventions with an emphasis on the advances published during the 2012 - 2014 period. EXPERT OPINION Technologically, the processes/platforms utilized in drug abuse drug discovery are nearly identical to those used in the other disease areas. A key complicating factor in drug abuse research is the enormous biological complexity surrounding the brain processes involved and the associated difficulty in finding 'good' targets and achieving exquisite selectivity of treatment agents. While tremendous progress has been made during recent years to use the power of high-throughput technologies to discover proof-of-principle molecules for many new targets, next-generation models will be especially important in this field. Examples include: seeking advantageous drug-drug combinations, the use of automated whole-animal behavioral screening systems, advancing our understanding of the role of epigenetics in drug addiction and the employment of organoid-level 3D test platforms (also referred to as tissue-chip or organs-on-chip).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yasgar
- National Institutes of Health, NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA +1 301 217 5721 ; +1 301 217 5736 ;
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