1
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Bague D, Wang R, Hodge D, Mikati MO, Roma JS, Boshoff HI, Dailey AL, Girma M, Couch RD, Odom John AR, Dowd CS. Inhibition of DXR in the MEP pathway with lipophilic N-alkoxyaryl FR900098 analogs. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2422-2439. [PMID: 39026652 PMCID: PMC11253873 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is responsible for isoprene synthesis. This pathway and its products are vital to bacterial/parasitic metabolism and survival, and represent an attractive set of drug targets due to their essentiality in these pathogens but absence in humans. The second step in the MEP pathway is the conversion of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to MEP and is catalyzed by 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR). Natural products fosmidomycin and FR900098 inhibit DXR, but are too polar to reach the desired target inside some cells, such as Mtb. Synthesized FR900098 analogs with lipophilic substitution in the position α to the phosphorous atom showed promise, resulting in increased activity against Mtb and Pf. Here, an α substitution, consisting of a 3,4-dichlorophenyl substituent, in combination with various O-linked alkylaryl substituents on the hydroxamate moiety is utilized in the synthesis of a novel series of FR900098 analogs. The purpose of the O-linked alkylaryl substituents is to further enhance DXR inhibition by extending the structure into the adjacent NADPH binding pocket, blocking the binding of both DXP and NADPH. Of the initial O-linked alkylaryl substituted analogs, compound 6e showed most potent activity against Pf parasites at 3.60 μM. Additional compounds varying the phenyl ring of 6e were synthesized. The most potent phosphonic acids, 6l and 6n, display nM activity against PfDXR and low μM activity against Pf parasites. Prodrugs of these compounds were less effective against Pf parasites but showed modest activity against Mtb cells. Data from this series of compounds suggests that this combination of substituents can be advantageous in designing a new generation of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darean Bague
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University Washington D.C. 20052 USA
| | - Ruiqin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University Washington D.C. 20052 USA
| | - Dana Hodge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Marwa O Mikati
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Jose S Roma
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCIM, NIAID/NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, LCIM, NIAID/NIH Bethesda MD 20892 USA
| | - Allyson L Dailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA
| | - Misgina Girma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA
| | - Robin D Couch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 USA
| | - Audrey R Odom John
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO 63110 USA
| | - Cynthia S Dowd
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University Washington D.C. 20052 USA
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2
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Abdullaziz MA, Takada S, Illarionov B, Pessanha de Carvalho L, Sakamoto Y, Höfmann S, Knak T, Kiffe-Delf AL, Mazzone F, Pfeffer K, Kalscheuer R, Bacher A, Held J, Fischer M, Tanaka N, Kurz T. Reverse N-Substituted Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives of Fosmidomycin Target a Previously Unknown Subpocket of 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-Phosphate Reductoisomerase (DXR). ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1739-1752. [PMID: 38647213 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Reverse analogs of the phosphonohydroxamic acid antibiotic fosmidomycin are potent inhibitors of the nonmevalonate isoprenoid biosynthesis enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR, IspC) of Plasmodium falciparum. Some novel analogs with large phenylalkyl substituents at the hydroxamic acid nitrogen exhibit nanomolar PfDXR inhibition and potent in vitro growth inhibition of P. falciparum parasites coupled with good parasite selectivity. X-ray crystallographic studies demonstrated that the N-phenylpropyl substituent of the newly developed lead compound 13e is accommodated in a subpocket within the DXR catalytic domain but does not reach the NADPH binding pocket of the N-terminal domain. As shown for reverse carba and thia analogs, PfDXR selectively binds the S-enantiomer of the new lead compound. In addition, some representatives of the novel inhibitor subclass are nanomolar Escherichia coli DXR inhibitors, whereas the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DXR is considerably weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A Abdullaziz
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St, Ad Doqi, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sana Takada
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lais Pessanha de Carvalho
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yasumitsu Sakamoto
- School of Pharmacy, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Stefan Höfmann
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Talea Knak
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna-Lene Kiffe-Delf
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Flaminia Mazzone
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Adelbert Bacher
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 10, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nobutada Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Aziz S, Waqas M, Naz HF, Halim SA, Jan A, Muhsinah AB, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Identification of novel compounds and repurposing of FDA drugs for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase enzyme of Plasmodium falciparum to combat malaria resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128672. [PMID: 38092105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The rise of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) is a significant concern in the fight against malaria. This situation calls for the search for novel anti-malarial candidates. 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (IspC) is a potential target involved in various cellular processes in P. falciparum (Pf). We screened ∼0.69 billion novel compounds from the ZINC20 library and repurposed ∼1400 FDA drugs using computational drug discovery methods against PfIspC. Following our computational pipeline, we found five novel ZINC20 compounds (Z-2, Z-3, Z-10, Z-13, and Z-14) and three FDA drugs (Aliskiren, Ceftolozane, and Ombitasvir) that showed striking docking energy (ranging from -8.405 to -10.834 kcal/mol), and strong interactions with key binding site residues (Ser269, Ser270, Ser306, Asn311, Lys312, and Met360) of PfIspC. The novel anti-malarial compounds also exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics and physicochemical properties. Furthermore, through molecular dynamics simulation, we observed the stable dynamics of PfIspC-inhibitor complexes and the influence of inhibitor binding on the protein's conformational arrangements. Notably, the binding free energy estimation confirmed high binding affinity (varied from -11.68 to -33.16 kcal/mol) of these compounds for PfIspC. Our findings could contribute to the ongoing efforts in combating malaria and invite experimental-lab researchers for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Hafiza Farah Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, , Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, 616 Nizwa, Oman
| | - Afnan Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, 616 Nizwa, Oman.
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Bisbenzylisoquinolines from Cissampelos pareira L. as antimalarial agents: Molecular docking, pharmacokinetics analysis, and molecular dynamic simulation studies. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 104:107826. [PMID: 36848855 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a major global health issue due to the emergence of resistance to most of the available antimalarial drugs. There is an urgent need to discover new antimalarials to tackle the resistance issue. The present study aims to explore the antimalarial potential of chemical constituents reported from Cissampelos pareira L., a medicinal plant traditionally known for treating malaria. Phytochemically, benzylisoquinolines and bisbenzylisoquinolines are the major classes of alkaloids reported from this plant. In silico molecular docking revealed prominent interactions of bisbenzylisoquinolines such as hayatinine and curine with Pfdihydrofolate reductase (-6.983 Kcal/mol and -6.237 Kcal/mol), PfcGMP-dependent protein kinase (-6.652 Kcal/mol and -7.158 Kcal/mol), and Pfprolyl-tRNA synthetase (-7.569 Kcal/mol and -7.122 Kcal/mol). The binding affinity of hayatinine and curine with identified antimalarial targets was further evaluated using MD-simulation analysis. Among the identified antimalarial targets, the RMSD, RMSF, the radius of gyration, and PCA indicated the formation of stable complexes of hayatinine and curine with Pfprolyl-tRNA synthetase. The outcomes of in silico investigation putatively suggested that bisbenzylisoquinolines may act on the translation of the Plasmodium parasite to exhibit antimalarial potency.
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5
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Over 40 Years of Fosmidomycin Drug Research: A Comprehensive Review and Future Opportunities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121553. [PMID: 36559004 PMCID: PMC9782300 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the continued rise of multi-drug-resistant microorganisms, the development of novel drugs with new modes of action is urgently required. While humans biosynthesize the essential isoprenoid precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) via the established mevalonate pathway, pathogenic protozoa and certain pathogenic eubacteria use the less well-known methylerythritol phosphate pathway for this purpose. Important pathogens using the MEP pathway are, for example, Plasmodium falciparum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The enzymes of that pathway are targets for antiinfective drugs that are exempt from target-related toxicity. 2C-Methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP), the second enzyme of the non-mevalonate pathway, has been established as the molecular target of fosmidomycin, an antibiotic that has so far failed to be approved as an anti-infective drug. This review describes the development and anti-infective properties of a wide range of fosmidomycin derivatives synthesized over the last four decades. Here we discuss the DXR inhibitor pharmacophore, which comprises a metal-binding group, a phosphate or phosphonate moiety and a connecting linker. Furthermore, non-fosmidomycin-based DXRi, bisubstrate inhibitors and several prodrug concepts are described. A comprehensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) of nearly all inhibitor types is presented and some novel opportunities for further drug development of DXR inhibitors are discussed.
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6
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Lebelt L, Głowacka IE, Piotrowska DG. Synthesis of Four Enantiomers of (1-Amino-3-Hydroxypropane-1,3-Diyl)Diphosphonic Acid as Diphosphonate Analogues of 4-Hydroxyglutamic Acid. Molecules 2022; 27:2699. [PMID: 35566049 PMCID: PMC9105571 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All the enantiomers of (1-amino-3-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)diphosphonic acid, newly design phosphonate analogues of 4-hydroxyglutamic acids, were obtained. The synthetic strategy involved Abramov reactions of diethyl (R)- and (S)-1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-oxopropylphosphonates with diethyl phosphite, separation of diastereoisomeric [1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl]diphosphonates as O-protected esters, followed by their hydrolysis to the enantiomeric phosphonic acids. The absolute configuration of the enantiomeric phosphonates was established by comparing the 31P NMR chemical shifts of respective (S)-O-methylmandelic acid esters obtained from respective pairs of syn- and anti-[1-(N-Boc-amino)-3-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl]diphosphonates according to the Spilling rule.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dorota G. Piotrowska
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (L.L.); (I.E.G.)
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7
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Hai Y, Cai ZM, Li PJ, Wei MY, Wang CY, Gu YC, Shao CL. Trends of antimalarial marine natural products: progresses, challenges and opportunities. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:969-990. [DOI: 10.1039/d1np00075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the antimalarial marine natural products, focusing on their chemistry, malaria-related targets and mechanisms, and highlighting their potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zi-Mu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Peng-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Mei-Yan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China
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8
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Girma M, Ball HS, Wang X, Brothers RC, Jackson ER, Meyers MJ, Dowd CS, Couch RD. Mechanism of Action of N-Acyl and N-Alkoxy Fosmidomycin Analogs: Mono- and Bisubstrate Inhibition of IspC from Plasmodium falciparum, a Causative Agent of Malaria. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27630-27639. [PMID: 34722963 PMCID: PMC8552233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a global health threat that requires immediate attention. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, the most severe form of which is Plasmodium falciparum. The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis is essential to the survival of many human pathogens, including P. falciparum, but is absent in humans, and thus shows promise as a new antimalarial drug target. The enzyme 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (IspC) catalyzes the first committed step in the MEP pathway. In addition to a divalent cation (Mg2+), the enzyme requires the substrates 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) and NADPH to catalyze its reaction. We designed N-alkoxy and N-acyl fosmidomycin analogs to inhibit the activity of P. falciparum IspC in a bisubstrate manner. Enzyme assays reveal that the N-alkoxy fosmidomycin analogs have a competitive mode of inhibition relative to both the DXP- and NADPH-binding sites, confirming a bisubstrate mode of inhibition. In contrast, the N-acyl fosmidomycin analogs demonstrate competitive inhibition with respect to DXP but uncompetitive inhibition with respect to NADPH, indicating monosubstrate inhibitory activity. Our results will have a positive impact on the discovery of novel antimalarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misgina
B. Girma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Haley S. Ball
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Xu Wang
- Progenra
Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Robert C. Brothers
- Department
of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20052, United
States
| | - Emily R. Jackson
- Department
of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20052, United
States
| | - Marvin J. Meyers
- Department
of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Cynthia S. Dowd
- Department
of Chemistry, The George Washington University, Washington, District of
Columbia 20052, United
States
| | - Robin D. Couch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
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Ball HS, Girma M, Zainab M, Riley H, Behrendt CT, Lienau C, Konzuch S, Avelar LAA, Lungerich B, Soojhawon I, Noble SM, Kurz T, Couch RD. Inhibition of the Yersinia pestis Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis by α-Phenyl-Substituted Reverse Fosmidomycin Analogues. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5170-5175. [PMID: 32201804 PMCID: PMC7081406 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fosmidomycin inhibits IspC (1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase), the first committed enzyme in the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The MEP pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis is essential to the causative agent of the plague, Yersinia pestis, and is entirely distinct from the corresponding mammalian pathway. To further drug development, we established structure-activity relationships of fosmidomycin analogues by assessing a suite of 17 α-phenyl-substituted reverse derivatives of fosmidomycin against Y. pestis IspC. Several of these compounds showed increased potency over fosmidomycin with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. Additionally, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing with Y. pestis A1122 (YpA1122). The bacteria were susceptible to several compounds with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 128 to 512 μg/mL; a correlation between the IC50 and MIC values was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley S. Ball
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United
States
- Wound
Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Misgina Girma
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United
States
| | - Mosufa Zainab
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United
States
| | - Honoria Riley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United
States
| | - Christoph T. Behrendt
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Lienau
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Konzuch
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leandro A. A. Avelar
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Lungerich
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Iswarduth Soojhawon
- Wound
Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Schroeder M. Noble
- Wound
Infections Department, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robin D. Couch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason
University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United
States
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10
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Lienau C, Gräwert T, Alves Avelar LA, Illarionov B, Held J, Knaab TC, Lungerich B, van Geelen L, Meier D, Geissler S, Cynis H, Riederer U, Buchholz M, Kalscheuer R, Bacher A, Mordmüller B, Fischer M, Kurz T. Novel reverse thia-analogs of fosmidomycin: Synthesis and antiplasmodial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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11
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Manhas A, Patel D, Lone MY, Jha PC. Identification of natural compound inhibitors against PfDXR: A hybrid structure-based molecular modeling approach and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14531-14543. [PMID: 30994966 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present contribution, multicomplex-based pharmacophore studies were carried out on the structural proteome of Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase. Among the constructed models, a representative model with complementary features, accountable for the inhibition was used as a primary filter for the screening of database molecules. Auxiliary evaluations of the screened molecules were performed via drug-likeness and molecular docking studies. Subsequently, the stability of the docked inhibitors was envisioned by molecular dynamics simulations, principle component analysis, and molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area-based free binding energy calculations. The stability assessment of the hits was done by comparing with the reference (beta-substituted fosmidomycin analog, LC5) to prioritize more potent candidates. All the complexes showed stable dynamic behavior while three of them displayed higher binding free energy compared with the reference. The work resulted in the identification of the compounds with diverse scaffolds, which could be used as initial leads for the design of novel PfDXR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Manhas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Department of Bioinformatics and Stśructural Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohsin Y Lone
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash C Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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12
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Honold A, Lettl C, Schindele F, Illarionov B, Haas R, Witschel M, Bacher A, Fischer M. Inhibitors of the Bifunctional 2‐ C‐Methyl‐ d‐erythritol 4‐Phosphate Cytidylyl Transferase/2‐ C‐Methyl‐ d‐erythritol‐2,4‐cyclopyrophosphate Synthase (IspDF) of Helicobacter pylori. Helv Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201800228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annika Honold
- Hamburg School of Food Science – Institute of Food ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 DE-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Clara Lettl
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of MedicineLMU Munich Germany
| | - Franziska Schindele
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of MedicineLMU Munich Germany
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Hamburg School of Food Science – Institute of Food ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 DE-20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of MedicineLMU Munich Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF)Munich Site DE-80336 Munich Germany
| | | | - Adelbert Bacher
- Department of ChemistryTechnical University of Munich DE-85747 Garching Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science – Institute of Food ChemistryUniversity of Hamburg Grindelallee 117 DE-20146 Hamburg Germany
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13
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Manhas A, Lone MY, Jha PC. Multicomplex-based pharmacophore modeling in conjunction with multi-target docking and molecular dynamics simulations for the identification of PfDHFR inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4181-4199. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1540362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Manhas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohsin Y. Lone
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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14
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Root K, Barylyuk K, Schwab A, Thelemann J, Illarionov B, Geist JG, Gräwert T, Bacher A, Fischer M, Diederich F, Zenobi R. Aryl bis-sulfonamides bind to the active site of a homotrimeric isoprenoid biosynthesis enzyme IspF and extract the essential divalent metal cation cofactor. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5976-5986. [PMID: 30079212 PMCID: PMC6050538 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00814k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the mode of action of non-covalent inhibitors in multisubunit enzymes often presents a great challenge. Most of the conventionally used methods are based on ensemble measurements of protein-ligand binding in bulk solution. They often fail to accurately describe multiple binding processes occurring in such systems. Native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of intact protein complexes is a direct, label-free approach that can render the entire distribution of ligand-bound states in multimeric protein complexes. Here we apply native ESI-MS to comprehensively characterize the isoprenoid biosynthesis enzyme IspF from Arabidopsis thaliana, an example of a homomeric protein complex with multiple binding sites for several types of ligands, including a metal cofactor and a synthetic inhibitor. While standard biophysical techniques failed to reveal the mode of action of recently discovered aryl-sulfonamide-based inhibitors of AtIspF, direct native ESI-MS titrations of the protein with the ligands and ligand competition assays allowed us to accurately capture the solution-phase protein-ligand binding equilibria in full complexity and detail. Based on these combined with computational modeling, we propose a mechanism of AtIspF inhibition by aryl bis-sulfonamides that involves both the competition with the substrate for the ligand-binding pocket and the extraction of Zn2+ from the enzyme active site. This inhibition mode is therefore mixed competitive and non-competitive, the latter exerting a key inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. The results of our study deliver a profound insight into the mechanisms of AtIspF action and inhibition, open new perspectives for designing inhibitors of this important drug target, and demonstrate the applicability and value of the native ESI-MS approach for deep analysis of complex biomolecular binding equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Root
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Konstantin Barylyuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Anatol Schwab
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Jonas Thelemann
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Boris Illarionov
- Hamburg School of Food Science , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Julie G Geist
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Tobias Gräwert
- Hamburg School of Food Science , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Adelbert Bacher
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , Garching , Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany
| | - François Diederich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland .
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15
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Bartee D, Wheadon MJ, Freel Meyers CL. Synthesis and Evaluation of Fluoroalkyl Phosphonyl Analogues of 2- C-Methylerythritol Phosphate as Substrates and Inhibitors of IspD from Human Pathogens. J Org Chem 2018; 83:9580-9591. [PMID: 29870251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeting essential bacterial processes beyond cell wall, protein, nucleotide, and folate syntheses holds promise to reveal new antimicrobial agents and expand the potential drugs available for combination therapies. The synthesis of isoprenoid precursors, isopentenyl diphosphate (IDP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), is vital for all organisms; however, humans use the mevalonate pathway for production of IDP/DMADP while many pathogens, including Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, use the orthogonal methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. Toward developing novel antimicrobial agents, we have designed and synthesized a series of phosphonyl analogues of MEP and evaluated their abilities to interact with IspD, both as inhibitors of the natural reaction and as antimetabolite alternative substrates that could be processed enzymatically to form stable phosphonyl analogues as potential inhibitors of downstream MEP pathway intermediates. In this compound series, the S-monofluoro MEP analogue displays the most potent inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli IspD and is the best substrate for both the E. coli and P. falciparum IspD orthologues with a Km approaching that of the natural substrate for the E. coli enzyme. This work represents a first step toward the development of phosphonyl MEP antimetabolites to modulate early isoprenoid biosynthesis in human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bartee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Michael J Wheadon
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Caren L Freel Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
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16
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Kadian K, Vijay S, Gupta Y, Rawal R, Singh J, Anvikar A, Pande V, Sharma A. Structural modeling identifies Plasmodium vivax 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase (IspE) as a plausible new antimalarial drug target. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:375-385. [PMID: 29550587 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malaria parasites utilize Methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway for synthesis of isoprenoid precursors which are essential for maturation and survival of parasites during erythrocytic and gametocytic stages. The absence of MEP pathway in the human host establishes MEP pathway enzymes as a repertoire of essential drug targets. The fourth enzyme, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2C-methyl-d-erythritol kinase (IspE) has been proved essential in pathogenic bacteria, however; it has not yet been studied in any Plasmodium species. This study was undertaken to investigate genetic polymorphism and concomitant structural implications of the Plasmodium vivax IspE (PvIspE) by employing sequencing, modeling and bioinformatics approach. We report that PvIspE gene displayed six non-synonymous mutations which were restricted to non-conserved regions within the gene from seven topographically distinct malaria-endemic regions of India. Phylogenetic studies reflected that PvIspE occupies unique status within Plasmodia genus and reflects that Plasmodium vivax IspE gene has a distant and non-conserved relation with human ortholog Mevalonate Kinase (MAVK). Structural modeling analysis revealed that all PvIspE Indian isolates have critically conserved canonical galacto-homoserine-mevalonate-phosphomevalonate kinase (GHMP) domain within the active site lying in a deep cleft sandwiched between ATP and CDPME-binding domains. The active core region was highly conserved among all clinical isolates, may be due to >60% β-pleated rigid architecture. The mapped structural analysis revealed the critically conserved active site of PvIspE, both sequence, and spacially among all Indian isolates; showing no significant changes in the active site. Our study strengthens the candidature of Plasmodium vivax IspE enzyme as a future target for novel antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Kadian
- Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Vijay
- Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Yash Gupta
- Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Rawal
- Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagbir Singh
- Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Anup Anvikar
- Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Sharma
- Protein Biochemistry and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Malaria Research (ICMR), Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
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17
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Yin X, Chen C, Li X, Dong XQ, Zhang X. Rh/SPO-WudaPhos-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α-Substituted Ethenylphosphonic Acids via Noncovalent Ion-Pair Interaction. Org Lett 2017; 19:4375-4378. [PMID: 28792771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric hydrogenation of α-substituted ethenylphosphonic acids has been successfully achieved by Rh/ferrocenyl chiral bisphosphorus ligand (SPO-Wudaphos) through noncovalent ion-pair interaction between the substrate and catalyst under mild reaction conditions without base. A series of chiral phosphonic acids were obtained with excellent results (up to 98% ee, >99% conversion, 2000 TON). Moreover, the control experiments showed that the noncovalent ion-pair interaction was critical in this asymmetric hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Yin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Caiyou Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xumu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China
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18
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Alves Avelar LA, Held J, Engel JA, Sureechatchaiyan P, Hansen FK, Hamacher A, Kassack MU, Mordmüller B, Andrews KT, Kurz T. Design and Synthesis of Novel Anti-Plasmodial Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Containing an Alkoxyamide Connecting Unit. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro A. Alves Avelar
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Jana Held
- Institut für Tropenmedizin; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Jessica A. Engel
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Parichat Sureechatchaiyan
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Finn K. Hansen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy; Leipzig University; Leipzig Germany
| | - Alexandra Hamacher
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Matthias U. Kassack
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institut für Tropenmedizin; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - Katherine T. Andrews
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery; Griffith University; Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Thomas Kurz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
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19
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Saggu GS, Pala ZR, Garg S, Saxena V. New Insight into Isoprenoids Biosynthesis Process and Future Prospects for Drug Designing in Plasmodium. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1421. [PMID: 27679614 PMCID: PMC5020098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The MEP (Methyl Erythritol Phosphate) isoprenoids biosynthesis pathway is an attractive drug target to combat malaria, due to its uniqueness and indispensability for the parasite. It is functional in the apicoplast of Plasmodium and its products get transported to the cytoplasm, where they participate in glycoprotein synthesis, electron transport chain, tRNA modification and several other biological processes. Several compounds have been tested against the enzymes involved in this pathway and amongst them Fosmidomycin, targeted against IspC (DXP reductoisomerase) enzyme and MMV008138 targeted against IspD enzyme have shown good anti-malarial activity in parasite cultures. Fosmidomycin is now-a-days prescribed clinically, however, less absorption, shorter half-life, and toxicity at higher doses, limits its use as an anti-malarial. The potential of other enzymes of the pathway as candidate drug targets has also been determined. This review details the various drug molecules tested against these targets with special emphasis to Plasmodium. We corroborate that MEP pathway functional within the apicoplast of Plasmodium is a major drug target, especially during erythrocytic stages. However, the major bottlenecks, bioavailability and toxicity of the new molecules needs to be addressed, before considering any new molecule as a potent antimalarial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep S Saggu
- Molecular Parasitology and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, India
| | - Zarna R Pala
- Molecular Parasitology and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, India
| | - Shilpi Garg
- Molecular Parasitology and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, India
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Molecular Parasitology and Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, India
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20
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Aneja B, Kumar B, Jairajpuri MA, Abid M. A structure guided drug-discovery approach towards identification of Plasmodium inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of inhibitors from natural, semisynthetic or synthetic sources against key targets ofPlasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Aneja
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Bhumika Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mohamad Aman Jairajpuri
- Protein Conformation and Enzymology Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Lab
- Department of Biosciences
- Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University)
- New Delhi 110025
- India
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21
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Yao ZK, Krai PM, Merino EF, Simpson ME, Slebodnick C, Cassera MB, Carlier PR. Determination of the active stereoisomer of the MEP pathway-targeting antimalarial agent MMV008138, and initial structure-activity studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1515-9. [PMID: 25754494 PMCID: PMC4374032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that target isoprenoid biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum could be a welcome addition to malaria chemotherapy, since the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway used by the parasite is not present in humans. We previously reported that MMV008138 targets the apicoplast of P. falciparum and that its target in the MEP pathway differs from that of Fosmidomycin. In this Letter, we determine that the active stereoisomer of MMV008138 is 4a, which is (1R,3S)-configured. 2',4'-Disubstitution of the D ring was also found to be crucial for inhibition of the parasite growth. Limited variation of the C3-carboxylic acid substituent was carried out, and methylamide derivative 8a was found to be more potent than 4a; other amides, acylhydrazines, and esters were less potent. Finally, lead compounds 4a, 4e, 4f, 4h, 8a, and 8e did not inhibit growth of Escherichia coli, suggesting that protozoan-selective inhibition of the MEP pathway of P. falciparum can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ke Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Priscilla M Krai
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Emilio F Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Morgan E Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Carla Slebodnick
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Maria Belen Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
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22
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Chofor R, Sooriyaarachchi S, Risseeuw MDP, Bergfors T, Pouyez J, Johny C, Haymond A, Everaert A, Dowd CS, Maes L, Coenye T, Alex A, Couch RD, Jones TA, Wouters J, Mowbray SL, Van Calenbergh S. Synthesis and Bioactivity of β-Substituted Fosmidomycin Analogues Targeting 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2988-3001. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5014264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Chofor
- Laboratory
for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Universiteit Gent, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sanjeewani Sooriyaarachchi
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical
Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martijn D. P. Risseeuw
- Laboratory
for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Universiteit Gent, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Terese Bergfors
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical
Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Pouyez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Chinchu Johny
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Amanda Haymond
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - Annelien Everaert
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cynthia S. Dowd
- Department
of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory
for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Faculty of Pharmaceutical,
Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein
1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Coenye
- Laboratory
of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Alex
- Evenor Consulting Ltd., The
New Barn, Mill Lane, Eastry, Kent CT13 0JW, United Kingdom
| | - Robin D. Couch
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, United States
| | - T. Alwyn Jones
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical
Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Wouters
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Sherry L. Mowbray
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Biomedical
Center, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory
for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Universiteit Gent, Ottergemsesteenweg
460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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23
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Inhibition of the Non-Mevalonate Isoprenoid Pathway by Reverse Hydroxamate Analogues of Fosmidomycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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