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Ahmed NM, Mohamed MS, Awad SM, Abd El-Hameed RH, El-tawab NAA, Gaballah MS, Said AM. Design, synthesis, molecular modelling and biological evaluation of novel 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidine derivatives as potent anticancer agents against leukemia and apoptotic inducers. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2304625. [PMID: 38348824 PMCID: PMC10866072 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2304625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, a novel series of 6-amino-5-cyano-2-thiopyrimidines and condensed pyrimidines analogues were prepared. All the synthesized compounds (1a-c, 2a-c, 3a-c, 4a-r and 5a-c) were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity by the National Cancer Institute (NCI; MD, USA) against 60 cell lines. Compound 1c showed promising anticancer activity and was selected for the five-dose testing. Results demonstrated that compound 1c possessed broad spectrum anti-cancer activity against the nine cancerous subpanels tested with selectivity ratio ranging from 0.7 to 39 at the GI50 level with high selectivity towards leukaemia. Mechanistic studies showed that Compound 1c showed comparable activity to Duvelisib against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 0.0034 and 0.0025 μM, respectively) and arrested cell cycle at the S phase and displayed significant increase in the early and late apoptosis in HL60 and leukaemia SR cells. The necrosis percentage showed a significant increase from 1.13% to 3.41% in compound 1c treated HL60 cells as well as from 1.51% to 4.72% in compound 1c treated leukaemia SR cells. Also, compound 1c triggered apoptosis by activating caspase 3, Bax, P53 and suppressing Bcl2. Moreover, 1c revealed a good safety profile against human normal lung fibroblast cell line (WI-38 cells). Molecular analysis of Duvelisib and compound 1c in PI3K was performed. Finally, these results suggest that 2-thiopyrimidine derivative 1c might serve as a model for designing novel anticancer drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa M. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mosaad S. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Samir M. Awad
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed S. Gaballah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Said
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Helwan University, Ein-Helwan, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, USA
- Athenex Inc, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Rago AJ, Zoi I, Gartman JA, McDaniel KA, Jana N, Liu D, Bai WJ. Mining Medicinally Relevant Bioreduction Substrates Inspired by Ligand-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39051635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the scope of biocatalytic transformations in the absence of enzyme structures without extensive experimentation is a challenging task. To expand the limited substrate capacity of carrot-mediated bioreduction and hunt for new medicinally relevant ketones with minimum cost of labor and time, we deployed a practical method inspired by ligand-based drug design. Through analyzing collected literature data and building pharmacophore and reactivity prediction models, we screened a self-built virtual library of >8000 ketones bearing the most frequently used N,O,S-heterocycles and functional groups in drug discovery. Representative examples were validated, expanding the bioreduction substrate scope. The public availability of our models alongside the straightforward screening workflow makes it time-, labor-, and cost-saving to evaluate unknown bioreduction substrates for medicinal chemistry applications, especially for a large set of structurally differentiated ketones. Our studies also showcase the novelty of utilizing medicinal chemistry principles to solve a general biocatalysis problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioanna Zoi
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | | | - Navendu Jana
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Dachun Liu
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wen-Ju Bai
- AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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3
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Bai H, Sun J, Lei H, Zhang SQ, Yuan B, Ma M, Xin M. Discovery of novel pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as selective and potent PI3Kδ inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1709-1723. [PMID: 37732677 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The δ isoform of class I PI3K (PI3Kδ) has been shown as a promising target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and immune diseases. Herein, a series of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the preliminary bioactivity. Compared with idelalisib, compound S5 exhibited excellent enzyme activity against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 2.82 nM) and strong antiproliferation activity against SU-DHL-6 cells (IC50 = 0.035 μM). Besides, S5 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, which is downstream of PI3Kδ, in concentration-dependent manner. In view of the significant improvement in potency of PI3Kδ and selectivity over other PI3K isoforms, Compound S5 deserved further investigation as a promising PI3Kδ inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanrong Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hao Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Mengyan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Minhang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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4
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Tang Y, Zheng F, Bao X, Zheng Y, Hu X, Lou S, Zhao H, Cui S. Discovery of Highly Selective and Orally Bioavailable PI3Kδ Inhibitors with Anti-Inflammatory Activity for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11905-11926. [PMID: 37606563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
PI3Kδ is a promising target for the treatment of inflammatory disease; however, the application of PI3Kδ inhibitors in acute respiratory inflammatory diseases is rarely investigated. In this study, through scaffold hopping design, we report a new series of 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine-tethered 3-methyl-1-aryl-1H-indazoles as highly selective and potent PI3Kδ inhibitors with significant anti-inflammatory activities for treatment of acute lung injury (ALI). There were 29 compounds designed, prepared, and subjected to PI3Kδ inhibitory activity evaluation and anti-inflammatory activity evaluation in macrophages. (S)-29 was identified as a candidate with high PI3Kδ inhibitory activity, isoform selectivity, and high oral bioavailability. The in vivo administration of (S)-29 at 10 mg/kg dosage could significantly ameliorate histopathological changes and attenuate lung inflammation in lung tissues of LPS-challenged mice. Molecular docking demonstrated the success of scaffold hopping design. Overall, (S)-29 is a potent PI3Kδ inhibitor which might be a promising candidate for the treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Tang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fanli Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Xiaodong Bao
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanan Zheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Xueping Hu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Siyue Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 311402, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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5
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Lei H, Duan W, Zhang SQ, Feng Y, Ma M, Yuan B, Xin M. Discovery of potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors bearing amino acid fragments. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106594. [PMID: 37186998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The selective inhibition of PI3Kδ is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Herein, we report a series of compounds bearing amino acid fragments as potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors. Among them, compound A10 exhibited sub-nanomolar PI3Kδ potency. In cellular assays, A10 achieved strong antiproliferation against SU-DHL-6 cells, and caused cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis in SU-DHL-6 cells. The docking study showed that A10 tightly bound to PI3Kδ protein with a planar-shaped conformation. Collectively, compound A10 represented a promising potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor bearing amino acid fragement albeit with moderate selectivity over PI3Kγ but superior selectivity against PI3Kα and β. This study suggested that using the amino acid fragments instead of the pyrrolidine ring is new strategy for design of potent PI3Kδ inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Weiming Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - San-Qi Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yifan Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Mengyan Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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6
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Bai WJ, Estrada MA, Gartman JA, Judd AS. Enantioselective Bioreduction of Medicinally Relevant Nitrogen-Heteroaromatic Ketones. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:846-852. [PMID: 37312862 PMCID: PMC10258907 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report an enantioselective bioreduction of ketones that bear the most frequently used nitrogen-heteroaromatics in FDA-approved drugs. Ten varieties of these nitrogen-containing heterocycles were systematically investigated. Eight categories were studied for the first time and seven types were tolerated, significantly expanding the substrate scope of plant-mediated reduction. By use of purple carrots in buffered aqueous media with a simplified reaction setup, this biocatalytic transformation was achieved within 48 h at ambient temperature, offering medicinal chemists a pragmatic and scalable tool to access a broad variety of nitrogen-heteroaryl-containing chiral alcohols. With multiple reactive sites, the structurally diverse set of chiral alcohols can be used for library compound preparation, early route-scouting activities, and synthesis of other pharmaceutical molecules, favorably accelerating medicinal chemistry campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ju Bai
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | | | - Andrew S. Judd
- AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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7
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Al Hasan M, Sabirianov M, Redwine G, Goettsch K, Yang SX, Zhong HA. Binding and selectivity studies of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108433. [PMID: 36812742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) proteins have been observed in cancer cells. Targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling transduction pathway by inhibition of the PI3K substrate recognition sites has been proved to be an effective approach to block cancer progression. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed. Seven drugs have been approved by the US FDA with a mechanism of targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. In this study, we used docking tools to investigate selective binding of ligands toward four different subtypes of PI3Ks (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ). The affinity predicted from both the Glide dock and the Movable-Type (MT)-based free energy calculations agreed well with the experimental data. The validation of our predicted methods with a large dataset of 147 ligands showed very small mean errors. We identified residues that may dictate the subtype-specific binding. Particularly, residues Asp964, Ser806, Lys890 and Thr886 of PI3Kγ might be utilized for PI3Kγ-selective inhibitor design. Residues Val828, Trp760, Glu826 and Tyr813 may be important for PI3Kδ-selective inhibitor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Hasan
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Matthew Sabirianov
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Grace Redwine
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Kaitlin Goettsch
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Stephen X Yang
- Westlake High School, 100 Lakeview Canyon Rd, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91362, USA
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 309, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA.
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8
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Developing a Naïve Bayesian Classification Model with PI3Kγ structural features for virtual screening against PI3Kγ: Combining molecular docking and pharmacophore based on multiple PI3Kγ conformations. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114824. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Discovery and pre-clinical characterization of a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, LL-00071210 in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 927:175054. [PMID: 35636524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ plays a critical role in adaptive immune cell activation and function. Suppression of PI3Kδ has been shown to counter excessive triggering of immune responses which has led to delineating the role of this isoform in the pathophysiology of autoimmune disorders. In the current study, we have described preclinical characterization of PI3Kδ specific inhibitor LL-00071210 in various rheumatoid arthritis models. LL-00071210 displayed excellent in vitro potency in biochemical and cellular assay against PI3Kδ with IC50 values of 24.6 nM and 9.4 nM, respectively. LL-00071210 showed higher selectivity over PI3Kγ and PI3Kβ as compared to available PI3K inhibitors. LL-00071210 had good stability in liver microsomes and plasma across species and showed low clearance, low-to-moderate Vss, with bioavailability of >50% in preclinical species. LL-00071210 demonstrated excellent in vivo efficacy in adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis models. Co-administration of LL-00071210 and methotrexate at subtherapeutic dose regimen in collagen induced arthritis model led to additive effects, indicating the combination potential of LL-00071210 along with available disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD). In conclusion, we have described a specific PI3Kδ inhibitor with ∼100-fold selectivity over other PI3K isoforms. LL-00071210 has good drug-like properties and thus warrants testing in the clinic for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Wang H, Tang M, Qiu X, Tan Y, Guo Y, Liu K, Li X, Wu W, Wan L. Identification of In Vivo Metabolites of a Potential Anti-rheumatoid arthritis Compound, the quinazolinone derivative PD110, using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Q-Exactive Plus Mass Spectrometry. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:284-294. [PMID: 35377274 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2062684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Kongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Hus I, Puła B, Robak T. PI3K Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Current Status and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1571. [PMID: 35326722 PMCID: PMC8945984 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) signaling regulates key cellular processes, such as growth, survival and apoptosis. Among the three classes of PI3K, class I is the most important for the development, differentiation and activation of B and T cells. Four isoforms are distinguished within class I (PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ). PI3Kδ expression is limited mainly to the B cells and their precursors, and blocking PI3K has been found to promote apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Idelalisib, a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, was the first-in-class PI3Ki introduced into CLL treatment. It showed efficacy in patients with del(17p)/TP53 mutation, unmutated IGHV status and refractory/relapsed disease. However, its side effects, such as autoimmune-mediated pneumonitis and colitis, infections and skin changes, limited its widespread use. The dual PI3Kδ/γ inhibitor duvelisib is approved for use in CLL patients but with similar toxicities to idelalisib. Umbralisib, a highly selective inhibitor of PI3Kδ and casein kinase-1ε (CK1ε), was found to be efficient and safe in monotherapy and in combination regimens in phase 3 trials in patients with CLL. Novel PI3Kis are under evaluation in early phase clinical trials. In this paper we present the mechanism of action, efficacy and toxicities of PI3Ki approved in the treatment of CLL and developed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Hus
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (I.H.); (B.P.)
| | - Bartosz Puła
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (I.H.); (B.P.)
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-510 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-510 Lodz, Poland
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Qi J, Wang W, Tang Y, Lou S, Wang J, Yuan T, He Q, Yang B, Zhu H, Cui S. Discovery of Novel Indazoles as Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitors with High Efficacy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3849-3865. [PMID: 35191698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PI3Kδ inhibitors have been developed for treatment of B-cell malignancies and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, their therapeutic role in solid tumors like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rarely reported. Thus, the development of potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors with a new chemotype and therapy is highly desirable. Through the scaffold-hopping strategy, indazole was first described as the core structure of propeller-shaped PI3Kδ inhibitors. A total of 26 indazole derivatives were designed and prepared to identify a novel compound 9x with good isoform selectivity, PK profile, and potency. Compared to Idelalisib and Sorafenib, the pharmacodynamic (PD) studies showed that 9x exhibits superior efficacy in HCC cell lines and xenograft models, and the mechanistic study showed that 9x robustly suppresses the downstream AKT pathway to induce subsequent apoptotic cell death in HCC models. Therefore, this work provides a new structural design of PI3Kδ inhibitors for a novel and efficient therapeutic small molecule toward HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Qi
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongmei Tang
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengying Lou
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaer Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhu J, Li K, Xu L, Cai Y, Chen Y, Zhao X, Li H, Huang G, Jin J. Discovery of novel selective PI3Kγ inhibitors through combining machine learning-based virtual screening with multiple protein structures and bio-evaluation. J Adv Res 2022; 36:1-13. [PMID: 35127160 PMCID: PMC8800018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) has been regarded as a promising drug target for the treatment of various diseases, and the diverse physiological roles of class I PI3K isoforms (α, β, δ, and γ) highlight the importance of isoform selectivity in the development of PI3Kγ inhibitors. However, the high structural conservation among the PI3K family makes it a big challenge to develop selective PI3Kγ inhibitors. Objectives A novel machine learning-based virtual screening with multiple PI3Kγ protein structures was developed to discover novel PI3Kγ inhibitors. Methods A large chemical database was screened using the virtual screening model, the top-ranked compounds were then subjected to a series of bio-evaluations, which led to the discovery of JN-KI3. The selective inhibition mechanism of JN-KI3 against PI3Kγ was uncovered by a theoretical study. Results 49 hits were identified through virtual screening, and the cell-free enzymatic studies found that JN-KI3 selectively inhibited PI3Kγ at a concentration as low as 3,873 nM but had no inhibitory effect on Class IA PI3Ks, leading to the selective cytotoxicity on hematologic cancer cells. Meanwhile, JN-KI3 potently blocked the PI3K signaling, finally led to distinct apoptosis of hematologic cell lines at a low concentration. Lastly, the key residues of PI3Kγ and the structural characteristics of JN-KI3, which both would influence γ isoform-selective inhibition, were highlighted by systematic theoretical studies. Conclusion The developed virtual screening model strongly manifests the robustness to find novel PI3Kγ inhibitors. JN-KI3 displays a specific cytotoxicity on hematologic tumor cells, and significantly promotes apoptosis associated with the inhibition of the PI3K signaling, which depicts PI3Kγ as a potential target for the hematologic tumor therapy. The theoretical results reveal that those key residues interacting with JN-KI3 are less common compared to most of the reported PI3Kγ inhibitors, indicating that JN-KI3 has novel structural characteristics as a selective PIK3γ inhibitor.
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Key Words
- ADMET, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity
- AKT, protein kinase B
- AUC, area under receiver operations characteristic curve
- Badapple, bioactivity data associative promiscuity pattern learning engine
- CADD, computer-aided drug design
- CDRA, confirmatory dose–response assays
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
- DS3.5, discovery studio 3.5
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GPCR, G protein-coupled receptors
- H-bond, hydrogen bond
- Hematologic malignancies
- IMDM, Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium
- Ionic, ionic interactions
- JN-KI3
- MD, molecular dynamics
- MM/GBSA, molecular mechanics/generalized born surface area
- Molecular dynamics simulation
- NBC, naive Bayesian classifier
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PAINS, pan-assay interference compounds
- PARP, poly ADP-ribose polymerase
- PDB, protein data bank
- PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PI3Kγ
- PSA, primary screening assays
- REOS, rapid elimination of swill
- RMSD, root-mean-squared-deviation
- RMSF, root-mean-squared-fluctuation
- ROC, receiver operations characteristic
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinases
- SD, standard deviation
- SMILES, simplified molecular input line entry specification
- SP, standard precision
- Selective inhibitor
- VS, virtual screening
- Virtual screening
- Water Bridge, hydrogen bonds through water molecular bridge
- XP, extra precision
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Yanfei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xinling Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huazhong Li
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 21412 2, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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14
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Barzegar Behrooz A, Talaie Z, Jusheghani F, Łos MJ, Klonisch T, Ghavami S. Wnt and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Survival Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031353. [PMID: 35163279 PMCID: PMC8836096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating type of brain tumor, and current therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, are palliative at best. The design of effective and targeted chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of GBM require a thorough analysis of specific signaling pathways to identify those serving as drivers of GBM progression and invasion. The Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathways are key regulators of important biological functions that include cell proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolism, and angiogenesis. Targeting specific regulatory components of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways has the potential to disrupt critical brain tumor cell functions to achieve critical advancements in alternative GBM treatment strategies to enhance the survival rate of GBM patients. In this review, we emphasize the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin and PAM pathways for GBM invasion into brain tissue and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zahra Talaie
- Brain Cancer Department, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran; (A.B.B.); (Z.T.)
| | - Fatemeh Jusheghani
- Department of Biotechnology, Asu vanda Gene Industrial Research Company, Tehran 1533666398, Iran;
| | - Marek J. Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Katowice School of Technology, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Tarantelli C, Argnani L, Zinzani PL, Bertoni F. PI3Kδ Inhibitors as Immunomodulatory Agents for the Treatment of Lymphoma Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215535. [PMID: 34771694 PMCID: PMC8582887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review focuses on the effects that a class of drugs, PI3Kδ inhibitors, used for the treatment of patients with lymphoma can have not on the neoplastic cells but on the normal cells and how this effect can modulate the immune response and potentially contribute to the anti-tumor response. Abstract The development of small molecules able to block specific or multiple isoforms of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) has already been an active field of research for many years in the cancer field. PI3Kδ inhibitors are among the targeted agents most extensively studied for the treatment of lymphoma patients and PI3Kδ inhibitors are already approved by regulatory agencies. More recently, it became clear that the anti-tumor activity of PI3K inhibitors might not be due only to a direct effect on the cancer cells but it can also be mediated via inhibition of the kinases in non-neoplastic cells present in the tumor microenvironment. T-cells represent an important component of the tumor microenvironment and they comprise different subpopulations that can have both anti- and pro-tumor effects. In this review article, we discuss the effects that PI3Kδ inhibitors exert on the immune system with a particular focus on the T-cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Lisa Argnani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.A.); (P.L.Z.)
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.A.); (P.L.Z.)
- Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-58-666-72-06
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16
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Vanhaesebroeck B, Perry MWD, Brown JR, André F, Okkenhaug K. PI3K inhibitors are finally coming of age. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:741-769. [PMID: 34127844 PMCID: PMC9297732 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Overactive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in cancer and immune dysregulation has spurred extensive efforts to develop therapeutic PI3K inhibitors. Although progress has been hampered by issues such as poor drug tolerance and drug resistance, several PI3K inhibitors have now received regulatory approval - the PI3Kα isoform-selective inhibitor alpelisib for the treatment of breast cancer and inhibitors mainly aimed at the leukocyte-enriched PI3Kδ in B cell malignancies. In addition to targeting cancer cell-intrinsic PI3K activity, emerging evidence highlights the potential of PI3K inhibitors in cancer immunotherapy. This Review summarizes key discoveries that aid the clinical translation of PI3Kα and PI3Kδ inhibitors, highlighting lessons learnt and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew W D Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- CLL Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fabrice André
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U981, Université Paris Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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17
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Zillikens H, Kasprick A, Osterloh C, Gross N, Radziewitz M, Hass C, Hartmann V, Behnen-Härer M, Ernst N, Boch K, Vidarsson G, Visser R, Laskay T, Yu X, Petersen F, Ludwig RJ, Bieber K. Topical Application of the PI3Kβ-Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor TGX-221 Is an Effective Treatment Option for Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:713312. [PMID: 34557502 PMCID: PMC8452940 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.713312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) have been implemented in pathogenesis of experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune skin disease caused by type VII collagen (COL7) autoantibodies. Mechanistically, inhibition of specific PI3K isoforms, namely PI3Kβ or PI3Kδ, impaired immune complex (IC)-induced neutrophil activation, a key prerequisite for EBA pathogenesis. Data unrelated to EBA showed that neutrophil activation is also modulated by PI3Kα and γ, but their impact on the EBA has, so far, remained elusive. To address this and to identify potential therapeutic targets, we evaluated the impact of a panel of PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors (PI3Ki) on neutrophil function in vitro, and in pre-clinical EBA mouse models. We document that distinctive, and EBA pathogenesis-related activation-induced neutrophil in vitro functions depend on distinctive PI3K isoforms. When mice were treated with the different PI3Ki, selective blockade of PI3Kα (alpelisib), PI3Kγ (AS-604850), or PI3Kβ (TGX-221) impaired clinical disease manifestation. When applied topically, only TGX-221 impaired induction of experimental EBA. Ultimately, multiplex kinase activity profiling in the presence of disease-modifying PI3Ki identified unique signatures of different PI3K isoform-selective inhibitors on the kinome of IC-activated human neutrophils. Collectively, we here identify topical PI3Kβ inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Zillikens
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Colin Osterloh
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Natalie Gross
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Radziewitz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cindy Hass
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Veronika Hartmann
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Martina Behnen-Härer
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nancy Ernst
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katharina Boch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Department for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Tumor-suppressing effect of bartogenic acid in ovarian (SKOV-3) xenograft mouse model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1815-1826. [PMID: 34255109 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bartogenic acid (BA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, proved to have chemomodulatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Based on structure-activity relationship (SAR) approaches, BA has close structural resemblance to oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. These two pentacyclic triterpenoids are well accepted with respect to their therapeutic value in various ailments including anti-cancer activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of BA as a possible antitumor agent, along with its safety in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer. In vitro cytotoxicity of BA and paclitaxel on human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV-3) was assessed using MTT assay. Antitumor potential of BA alone, standard anticancer drug (paclitaxel) alone, and BA in combination with paclitaxel were evaluated in SKOV-3 xenografted SCID mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB was performed and analyzed in SKOV-3 tumors. BA alone and BA in combination with paclitaxel significantly inhibited the tumor growth. IC50 of BA was found to be 15.72 μM. Similarly, paclitaxel showed significant antitumor effect with IC50 of 3.234 μM. Treatments of paclitaxel, BA, and combination of BA with paclitaxel were well tolerated during treatment period. Immunohistochemical analysis of NF-κB in SKOV-3 tumors treated with BA in combination with paclitaxel revealed antitumor effect in terms of inhibition of NF-κB. Our results suggested that BA exhibits promising antitumor effect in the restriction of SKOV-3 cells and tumors with considerable safety.
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19
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Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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20
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Liu K, Li D, Zheng W, Shi M, Chen Y, Tang M, Yang T, Zhao M, Deng D, Zhang C, Liu J, Yuan X, Yang Z, Chen L. Discovery, Optimization, and Evaluation of Quinazolinone Derivatives with Novel Linkers as Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Delta Inhibitors for Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8951-8970. [PMID: 34138567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Guided by molecular docking, a commonly used open-chain linker was cyclized into a five-membered pyrrolidine to lock the overall conformation of the propeller-shaped molecule. Different substituents were introduced into the pyrrolidine moiety to block oxidative metabolism. Surprisingly, it was found that a small methyl substituent could be used to alleviate the oxidative metabolism of pyrrolidine while maintaining or enhancing potency, which could be described as a "magic methyl". Further optimization around the "3rd blade" of the propeller led to identification of a series of potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors. Among them, compound 50 afforded an optimum balance of PK profiles and potency. Oral administration of 50 attenuated the arthritis severity in a dose-dependent manner in a collagen-induced arthritis model without obvious toxicity. Furthermore, 50 demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetic properties with high bioavailability, suggesting that 50 might be an acceptable candidate for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongjun Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Li
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingsong Shi
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dexin Deng
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chufeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue Yuan
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuang Yang
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Natural and Targeted Small Molecule Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.,Chengdu Zenitar Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Yao L, Tang Y, Chen J, Li J, Wang H, Lu M, Gao L, Liu F, Chang P, Liu X, Tang H. Impaired airway epithelial barrier integrity was mediated by PI3Kδ in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107570. [PMID: 33773208 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions are critical for the maintenance of cellular as well as tissue polarity and integrity. Dysfunction of airway epithelial barrier has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Yet the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) in dysregulation of airway epithelial barrier integrity in ALI has not been addressed. Mice were subjected to intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate a ALI model. Two pharmacological inhibitors of PI3Kδ, IC87114 and AMG319, were respectively given to the mice. Expression of p110δ and its downstream substrate phospho-AKT (Ser473) was increased in LPS-exposed lungs. These increases were inhibited by IC87114 or AMG319. LPS led to pronounced lung injury that was accompanied by significant airway neutrophil recruitment and bronchial epithelial morphological alterations 72 h after exposure. We also found compromised expression of adherens junction protein E-cadherin and tight junction protein claudin-2 in the airway epithelial cells. Treatment with either IC87114 or AMG319 not only attenuated LPS-induced edema, lung injury and neutrophilc inflammation, reduced total protein concentration and IL-6, TNF-α secretion in BALF, but also restored epithelial E-cadherin and claudin-2 expression. In summary, our results showed that LPS can induce a delayed effect on airway epithelial barrier integrity that is mediated by PI3Kδ in a mouse model of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Sabbah DA, Hajjo R, Bardaweel SK, Zhong HA. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2016-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:877-892. [PMID: 33970742 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1924150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway plays a central role in regulating cell growth and proliferation and thus has been considered as effective anticancer drug targets. Many PI3K inhibitors have been developed and progressed to various stages of clinical trials, and some have been approved as anticancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of PI3K inhibitors over the past 4 years. We review the selectivity and potency of 47 PI3K inhibitors. Structural determinants for increasing selectivity toward PI3K subtype-selectivity or mutant selectivity are discussed. Future research direction and current clinical development in combination therapy of inhibitors involved in PI3Ks are also discussed.Area covered: This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on PI3K inhibitors and their selectivity published between 2016 and 2020.Expert opinion: To PI3Kα mutants (E542K, E545K, and H1047R), it is highly desirable to design and develop mutant-specific PI3K inhibitors. It is also necessary to develop subtype-selective PI3Kα inhibitors to minimize toxicity. To reduce drug resistance and to improve efficacy, future studies should include combination therapy of PI3K inhibitors with existing anticancer drugs from different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A Sabbah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rima Hajjo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sanaa K Bardaweel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Haizhen A Zhong
- DSC 362, Department of Chemistry, The University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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23
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Huang Q, Zhong Y, Li B, Ouyang S, Deng L, Mo J, Shi S, Lv N, Wu R, Liu P, Hu W, Zhang X, Wang Y. Structure-based discovery of potent and selective small-molecule inhibitors targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113525. [PMID: 34000483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STAT3 has been validated as an attractive anticancer target due to its important roles in cancer initiation and progression. However, discovery of potent and selective STAT3 small-molecule inhibitors with druglike properties is still challenging. In this study, two series of substituted 2-phenylquinolines and 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines were designed through structure-based drug discovery approach by condensing the privileged structures of STX-119 and SH4-54. Our study has resulted in the discovery of a number of highly potent and selective STAT3 inhibitors, exemplified by compound 39 with the privileged structure of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, which selectively inhibits phosphorylation of STAT3 and suppresses subsequent signaling pathway. Moreover, 39 inhibits cell growth, migration and invasion of human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lines. Consistently, it achieves significant and dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition in both cell line-derived and patient-derived xenograft tumor models in mice. These results clearly indicate that 39 is a highly potent and selective STAT3 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyao Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shumin Ouyang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianshan Mo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Nan Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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24
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Ishida K, Werner JA, Lafleur M, Wisler J, Wannberg S, Kalanzi J, Bussiere JL, Monticello TM. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ-Specific Inhibitor-Induced Changes in the Ovary and Testis in the Sprague Dawley Rat and Cynomolgus Monkey. Int J Toxicol 2021; 40:344-354. [PMID: 33866838 DOI: 10.1177/10915818211008175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) δ is a lipid kinase primarily found in leukocytes, which regulates important cell functions. AMG2519493 was a PI3K δ-specific inhibitor in development for treatment of various inflammatory diseases. AMG2519493-related changes in the male and/or female reproductive organs were observed in the 1- and 3-month oral repeat dose toxicology studies in the rat and cynomolgus monkey. Hemorrhagic corpora lutea cysts and increased incidence of corpora lutea cysts without hemorrhage were observed in the ovaries at supra pharmacological doses in the rat. A decrease in seminiferous germ cells in the testis, indicative of spermatogenesis maturation arrest, was observed in both the rat and cynomolgus monkey. Although the characteristics were comparable, the drug systemic exposures associated with the testicular changes were very different between the 2 species. In the rat, the testicular change was only observed at supra pharmacologic exposure. Isotype assessment of PI3K signaling in rat spermatogonia in vitro indicated a role for PI3K β, but not δ, in the c Kit/PI3K/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Therefore, changes in both the ovary and testis of the rat were considered due to off target effect as they only occurred at suprapharmacologic exposure. In contrast, the testicular changes in the cynomolgus monkey (decrease in seminiferous germ cells) occurred at very low doses associated with PI3K δ-specific inhibition, indicating that the PI3K δ isoform may be important in spermatogenesis maturation in the cynomolgus monkey. Our results suggest species-related differences in PI3K isoform-specific control on reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Wisler
- 7129Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- 328878AnaptysBio Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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25
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Methot JL, Zhou H, McGowan MA, Anthony NJ, Christopher M, Garcia Y, Achab A, Lipford K, Trotter BW, Altman MD, Fradera X, Lesburg CA, Li C, Alves S, Chappell CP, Jain R, Mangado R, Pinheiro E, Williams SMG, Goldenblatt P, Hill A, Shaffer L, Chen D, Tong V, McLeod RL, Lee HH, Yu H, Shah S, Katz JD. Projected Dose Optimization of Amino- and Hydroxypyrrolidine Purine PI3Kδ Immunomodulators. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5137-5156. [PMID: 33797901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The approvals of idelalisib and duvelisib have validated PI3Kδ inhibitors for the treatment for hematological malignancies driven by the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our program led to the identification of structurally distinct heterocycloalkyl purine inhibitors with excellent isoform and kinome selectivity; however, they had high projected human doses. Improved ligand contacts gave potency enhancements, while replacement of metabolic liabilities led to extended half-lives in preclinical species, affording PI3Kδ inhibitors with low once-daily predicted human doses. Treatment of C57BL/6-Foxp3-GDL reporter mice with 30 and 100 mg/kg/day of 3c (MSD-496486311) led to a 70% reduction in Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells as observed through bioluminescence imaging with luciferin, consistent with the role of PI3K/AKT signaling in Treg cell proliferation. As a model for allergic rhinitis and asthma, treatment of ovalbumin-challenged Brown Norway rats with 0.3 to 30 mg/kg/day of 3c gave a dose-dependent reduction in pulmonary bronchoalveolar lavage inflammation eosinophil cell count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey L Methot
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Meredeth A McGowan
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Neville John Anthony
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Matthew Christopher
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Yudith Garcia
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Abdelghani Achab
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Kathryn Lipford
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Benjamin Wesley Trotter
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Michael D Altman
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Xavier Fradera
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Charles A Lesburg
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Chaomin Li
- Process Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Stephen Alves
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Craig P Chappell
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Renu Jain
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Ruban Mangado
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Elaine Pinheiro
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Sybill M G Williams
- Discovery Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Peter Goldenblatt
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Armetta Hill
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Lynsey Shaffer
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Vincent Tong
- Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Robbie L McLeod
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Hyun-Hee Lee
- In Vivo Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Hongshi Yu
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Sanjiv Shah
- In Vitro Pharmacology, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
| | - Jason D Katz
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 United States
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26
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Xu C, Chen S, Deng Y, Song J, Li J, Chen X, Chang P, Yao L, Tang H. Distinct roles of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in a toluene diisocyanate-induced murine asthma model. Toxicology 2021; 454:152747. [PMID: 33711354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TDI-induced asthma is characterized by neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation and often associated with poor responsiveness to steroid treatment. Both PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ have been demonstrated to play important proinflammatory roles in ovalbumin-induced asthma. We've already reported that blocking pan PI3K effectively attenuated TDI-induced allergic airway inflammation. Yet the specific functions of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in TDI-induced asthma are still unclear. Male BALB/c mice were first dermally sensitized and then challenged with TDI to generate an asthma model. Sellective inhibitors of PI3Kδ (IC-87114, AMG319) and PI3Kγ (AS252424, AS605240) were respectively given to the mice after each airway challenge. Treatment with IC-87114 or AMG319 after TDI exposure led to significantly decreased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), less neutrophil and eosinophil accumulation, attenuated airway smooth muscle (ASM) thickening, less M1 and M2 macrophages in lung, as well as lower levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-18 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and recovered IL-10 production. While mice treated with AS252424 or AS605240 had increased AHR, more severe ASM thickening, larger numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils, more M1 but less M2 macrophages, and higher BALF levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18 when compared with those treated with vehicle. These data revealed that pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kδ attenuates TDI-induced airway inflammation while PI3Kγ inhibition exacerbates TDI-induced asthma, indicating distinct biological functions of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ in TDI-induced asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518020, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Deng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lianyungang First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Chang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haixiong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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27
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Shukla MR, Patra S, Verma M, Sadasivam G, Jana N, Mahangare SJ, Vidhate P, Lagad D, Tarage A, Cheemala M, Kulkarni C, Bhagwat S, Chaudhari VD, Sayyed M, Pachpute V, Phadtare R, Gole G, Phukan S, Sunkara B, Samant C, Shingare M, Naik A, Trivedi S, Marisetti AK, Reddy M, Gholve M, Mahajan N, Sabde S, Patil V, Modi D, Mehta M, Nigade P, Tamane K, Tota S, Goyal H, Volam H, Pawar S, Ahirrao P, Dinchhana L, Mallurwar S, Akarte A, Bokare A, Kanhere R, Reddy N, Koul S, Dandekar M, Singh M, Bernstein PR, Narasimham L, Bhonde M, Gundu J, Goel R, Kulkarni S, Sharma S, Kamboj RK, Palle VP. Discovery of a Potent and Selective PI3Kδ Inhibitor ( S)-2,4-Diamino-6-((1-(7-fluoro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-oxo-3-phenyl-4 H-quinolizin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profile and Superior Efficacy in Hematological Cancer Models. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14700-14723. [PMID: 33297683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ inhibitors have been approved for B-cell malignancies like CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and so forth. However, currently available PI3Kδ inhibitors are nonoptimal, showing weakness against at least one of the several important properties: potency, isoform selectivity, and/or pharmacokinetic profile. To come up with a PI3Kδ inhibitor that overcomes all these deficiencies, a pharmacophoric expansion strategy was employed. Herein, we describe a systematic transformation of a "three-blade propeller" shaped lead, 2,3-disubstituted quinolizinone 11, through a 1,2-disubstituted quinolizinone 20 to a novel "four-blade propeller" shaped 1,2,3-trisubstituted quinolizinone 34. Compound 34 has excellent potency, isoform selectivity, metabolic stability across species, and exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile. Compound 34 also demonstrated a differentiated efficacy profile in human germinal center B and activated B cell-DLBCL cell lines and xenograft models. Compound 34 qualifies for further evaluation as a candidate for monotherapy or in combination with other targeted agents in DLBCLs and other forms of iNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar R Shukla
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sukanya Patra
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mahip Verma
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gayathri Sadasivam
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nirmal Jana
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sachin J Mahangare
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant Vidhate
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Lagad
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anand Tarage
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Murthy Cheemala
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Chaitanya Kulkarni
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shankar Bhagwat
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod D Chaudhari
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Majid Sayyed
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vipul Pachpute
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ramesh Phadtare
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Gopal Gole
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Samiron Phukan
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Brahmam Sunkara
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Charudatt Samant
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Manisha Shingare
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Aditya Naik
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sneha Trivedi
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Marisetti
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Milind Gholve
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Nilesh Mahajan
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sudeep Sabde
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Vinod Patil
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Dipak Modi
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Maneesh Mehta
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prashant Nigade
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Kaustubh Tamane
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Swati Tota
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Harish Volam
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Shashikant Pawar
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Prajakta Ahirrao
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Lal Dinchhana
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sadanand Mallurwar
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Atul Akarte
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Anand Bokare
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rupesh Kanhere
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Neetinkumar Reddy
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sarita Koul
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Manoj Dandekar
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Minakshi Singh
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Peter R Bernstein
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Lakshmi Narasimham
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Mandar Bhonde
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Jayasagar Gundu
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajan Goel
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sanjeev Kulkarni
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Kamboj
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
| | - Venkata P Palle
- Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Ltd., Lupin Research Park, Survey No. 46 A/47A, Village Nande, Taluka Mulshi, Pune 412115, India
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28
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Werner JA, Ishida K, Wisler J, Karbowski C, Kalanzi J, Bussiere J, Monticello TM. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase δ Inhibitor-Induced Immunomodulation and Secondary Opportunistic Infection in the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:949-964. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623320966238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) regulate intracellular signaling events for multiple cell surface receptors. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ, 1 of 4 class I PI3K isoforms, is primarily found in leukocytes and regulates immune cell functions. Here, we report changes in the immune and digestive systems that were associated with AMG2519493, a highly selective small-molecule PI3Kδ inhibitor. Following 1- or 3-month oral repeat dosing in the cynomolgus monkey, changes were observed in circulating B cells, lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue, tonsil), and the digestive tract. Decreased circulating B cells and lymphoid cellularity in B cell-rich zones in lymphoid tissues were attributed to the intended pharmacologic activity of AMG2519493. Dose- and duration-dependent digestive system toxicity was characterized by inflammation in the large intestine and secondary opportunistic infections restricted to the digestive tract. Digestive tract changes were associated with moribundity and mortality at high-dose levels, and the effect level decreased with increased duration of exposure. These observations demonstrate the role of PI3Kδ in regulation of the immune system and of host resistance to opportunistic infections of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Werner
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Katsu Ishida
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - John Wisler
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
- AnaptysBio, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine Karbowski
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jackson Kalanzi
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jeanine Bussiere
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Monticello
- Amgen Research, Translational Safety and Bioanalytical Sciences, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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Research advances on selective phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase δ (PI3Kδ) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127457. [PMID: 32755681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ in B cells mediates antigen receptor signaling and promote neutrophil chemotaxis. The activation of PI3Kδ can cause mast cell maturation and degranulation, myeloid cell dysfunction, and cytokine release. As a key signal molecule, PI3Kδ interacts with the lipid binding domain of a variety of cellular proteins as a secondary messenger, ultimately affecting a series of significant cellular pathways in disease pathology. Therefore, many research organizations and pharmaceutical companies have studied it to develop effectively selective PI3Kδ inhibitors as therapeutics. This review summarizes research advances in varying chemical classes of selective PI3Kδ inhibitors and the structure-activity relationship, and it mainly focuses on the propeller- versus flat-type class of inhibitors.
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Abstract
B-cell receptor signaling is important in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The PI3K pathway is activated by B-cell receptor signaling. Recently, several PI3K inhibitors have been in development for the treatment of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Copanlisib is a PI3Kα and PI3Kδ inhibitor that has been approved for its use as third-line therapy in the treatment of relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma. The two other PI3k inhibitors approved by the US FDA in this setting are idelalisib and duvelisib. In this review, we compare the efficacy and adverse event profile of these different PI3K inhibitors and discuss the advantages and challenges of using copanlisib along with a guide on managing routinely encountered adverse events in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Narkhede
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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31
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Bheemanaboina RR. Isoform-Selective PI3K Inhibitors for Various Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1074-1092. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200106141717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of ubiquitously distributed lipid kinases that
control a wide variety of intracellular signaling pathways. Over the years, PI3K has emerged as an attractive
target for the development of novel pharmaceuticals to treat cancer and various other diseases.
In the last five years, four of the PI3K inhibitors viz. Idelalisib, Copanlisib, Duvelisib, and Alpelisib
were approved by the FDA for the treatment of different types of cancer and several other PI3K inhibitors
are currently under active clinical development. So far clinical candidates are non-selective kinase
inhibitors with various off-target liabilities due to cross-reactivities. Hence, there is a need for the discovery
of isoform-selective inhibitors with improved efficacy and fewer side-effects. The development
of isoform-selective inhibitors is essential to reveal the unique functions of each isoform and its corresponding
therapeutic potential. Although the clinical effect and relative benefit of pan and isoformselective
inhibition will ultimately be determined, with the development of drug resistance and the demand
for next-generation inhibitors, it will continue to be of great significance to understand the potential
mechanism of isoform-selectivity. Because of the important role of type I PI3K family members in
various pathophysiological processes, isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors may ultimately have considerable
efficacy in a wide range of human diseases. This review summarizes the progress of isoformselective
PI3K inhibitors in preclinical and early clinical studies for anticancer and other various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rammohan R.Y. Bheemanaboina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Sokol Institute for Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, United States
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Saha D, Kharbanda A, Yan W, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B, Li HY. The Exploration of Chirality for Improved Druggability within the Human Kinome. J Med Chem 2020; 63:441-469. [PMID: 31550151 PMCID: PMC10536157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chirality is important in drug discovery because stereoselective drugs can ameliorate therapeutic difficulties including adverse toxicity and poor pharmacokinetic profiles. The human kinome, a major druggable enzyme class has been exploited to treat a wide range of diseases. However, many kinase inhibitors are planar and overlap in chemical space, which leads to selectivity and toxicity issues. By exploring chirality within the kinome, a new iteration of kinase inhibitors is being developed to better utilize the three-dimensional nature of the kinase active site. Exploration into novel chemical space, in turn, will also improve drug solubility and pharmacokinetic profiles. This perspective explores the role of chirality to improve kinome druggability and will serve as a resource for pioneering kinase inhibitor development to address current therapeutic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Anupreet Kharbanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
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33
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McPhail JA, Burke JE. Drugging the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase (PI4K) Family of Enzymes for Treatment of Cancer, Immune Disorders, and Viral/Parasitic Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:203-222. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Feng Y, Cu X, Xin M. PI3Kδ inhibitors for the treatment of cancer: a patent review (2015-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2019; 29:925-941. [PMID: 31670985 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1687685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: PI3Kδ is an important subtype of PI3K kinases, which is mainly expressed in leukocytes and plays an important role in the proliferation, differentiation, maturation and self-reaction of B cells. It is an effective target in the treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, many pharmaceutical companies and research institutions have focused on the PI3Kδ subtype in an attempt to develop potent and selective PI3Kδ inhibitors.Areas covered: This review aims to provide an overview of the patented selective PI3Kδ inhibitors in treating cancer from 2015 to present.Expert opinion: Due to the importance of PI3Kδ, the development of selective PI3Kδ inhibitors for the treatment of hematoma and autoimmune diseases is expected. On 23 July 2014, the world's first selective PI3Kδ inhibitor, idelalisib, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of CLL, FL and SLL. Moreover, there are still many small molecule selective PI3Kδ inhibitors at different stages of development. The future research effort for development of PI3Kδ inhibitors is to manage the toxicity and lower the side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Feng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Cu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Fufeng County in Shaanxi Province, Baoji, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Minhang Xin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Molga K, Dittwald P, Grzybowski BA. Computational design of syntheses leading to compound libraries or isotopically labelled targets. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9219-9232. [PMID: 32055308 PMCID: PMC6979321 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02678a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Although computer programs for retrosynthetic planning have shown improved and in some cases quite satisfactory performance in designing routes leading to specific, individual targets, no algorithms capable of planning syntheses of entire target libraries - important in modern drug discovery - have yet been reported. This study describes how network-search routines underlying existing retrosynthetic programs can be adapted and extended to multi-target design operating on one common search graph, benefitting from the use of common intermediates and reducing the overall synthetic cost. Implementation in the Chematica platform illustrates the usefulness of such algorithms in the syntheses of either (i) all members of a user-defined library, or (ii) the most synthetically accessible members of this library. In the latter case, algorithms are also readily adapted to the identification of the most facile syntheses of isotopically labelled targets. These examples are industrially relevant in the context of hit-to-lead optimization and syntheses of isotopomers of various bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Molga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland .
| | - Piotr Dittwald
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland .
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Polish Academy of Sciences , ul. Kasprzaka 44/52 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland .
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter and Department of Chemistry , UNIST , 50, UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun , Ulsan , 689-798 , South Korea
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36
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Design of selective PI3Kδ inhibitors using an iterative scaffold-hopping workflow. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2575-2580. [PMID: 31416665 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PI3Kδ mediates key immune cell signaling pathways and is a target of interest for multiple indications in immunology and oncology. Here we report a structure-based scaffold-hopping strategy for the design of chemically diverse PI3Kδ inhibitors. Using this strategy, we identified several scaffolds that can be combined to generate new PI3Kδ inhibitors with high potency and isoform selectivity. In particular, an oxindole-based scaffold was found to impart exquisite selectivity when combined with several hinge binding motifs.
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37
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Spriano F, Tarantelli C, Gaudio E, Gerlach MM, Priebe V, Cascione L, Bernasconi E, Targa A, Mascia M, Dirnhofer S, Stathis A, Zucca E, Bertoni F. Single and combined BTK and PI3Kδ inhibition with acalabrutinib and ACP‐319 in pre‐clinical models of aggressive lymphomas. Br J Haematol 2019; 187:595-601. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Spriano
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Chiara Tarantelli
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Magdalena M. Gerlach
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics University Hospital Basel, University of Basel BaselSwitzerland
| | - Valdemar Priebe
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB) LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Elena Bernasconi
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Altea Targa
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Michele Mascia
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
| | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics University Hospital Basel, University of Basel BaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Emanuele Zucca
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland Bellinzona Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research Università della Svizzera italiana BellinzonaSwitzerland
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38
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Jia H, Dai G, Su W, Xiao K, Weng J, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Yuan T, Shi F, Zhang Z, Chen W, Sai Y, Wang J, Li X, Cai Y, Yu J, Ren P, Venable J, Rao T, Edwards JP, Bembenek SD. Discovery, Optimization, and Evaluation of Potent and Highly Selective PI3Kγ-PI3Kδ Dual Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4936-4948. [PMID: 31033293 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b02014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An electronic density model was developed and used to identify a novel pyrrolotriazinone replacement for a quinazolinone, a commonly used moiety to impart selectivity in inhibitors for PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ. Guided by molecular docking, this new specificity piece was then linked to the hinge-binding region of the inhibitor using a novel cyclic moiety. Further structure-activity relationship optimization around the hinge region led to the discovery of candidate 26, a highly potent and selective PI3Kγ-PI3Kδ dual inhibitor with favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jia
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Guangxiu Dai
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Weiguo Su
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Kun Xiao
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jianyang Weng
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zhulin Zhang
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Qing Wang
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Tianhai Yuan
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Fuying Shi
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yang Sai
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jian Wang
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xiong Li
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yu Cai
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jun Yu
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Ping Ren
- Hutchison MediPharma Limited , Building 4, 720 Cai Lun Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jennifer Venable
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research & Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - Tadimeti Rao
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research & Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
| | - James P Edwards
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development , 1400 McKean Road , Spring House , Pennsylvania 19477 , United States
| | - Scott D Bembenek
- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Research & Development , 3210 Merryfield Row , San Diego , California 92121 , United States
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39
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzothiadiazine derivatives as potent PI3Kδ-selective inhibitors for treating B-cell-mediated malignancies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:112-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Methot JL, Zhou H, Kattar SD, McGowan MA, Wilson K, Garcia Y, Deng Y, Altman M, Fradera X, Lesburg C, Fischmann T, Li C, Alves S, Shah S, Fernandez R, Goldenblatt P, Hill A, Shaffer L, Chen D, Tong V, McLeod RL, Yu H, Bass A, Kemper R, Gatto NT, LaFranco-Scheuch L, Trotter BW, Guzi T, Katz JD. Structure Overhaul Affords a Potent Purine PI3Kδ Inhibitor with Improved Tolerability. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4370-4382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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41
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Screening of PI3K-Akt-targeting Drugs for Silkworm against Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071260. [PMID: 30939726 PMCID: PMC6480691 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is the most prevalent threat to silkworms. Hence, there is a need for antiviral agents in sericulture. The PI3K-Akt pathway is essential for the efficient replication of the baculovirus. In an attempt to screen antiviral drugs against BmNPV, we summarized the commercial compounds targeting PI3K-Akt and selected the following seven oral drugs for further analyses: afuresertib, AZD8835, AMG319, HS173, AS605240, GDC0941, and BEZ235. Cell viability assay revealed that the cytotoxicity of these drugs at 10 µM concentration was not strong. Viral fluorescence observation and qPCR analysis showed that these candidate drugs significantly inhibited BmNPV in BmE cells. Only AMG319 and AZD8835 inhibited viral proliferation in silkworm larvae. The mortality of AZD8835-treated silkworms was lower than that of the control silkworms. Western blotting showed that AMG319 and AZD8835 decreased p-Akt expression after BmNPV infection. These results suggest that AZD8835 has application potential in sericulture.
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Miller MS, Thompson PE, Gabelli SB. Structural Determinants of Isoform Selectivity in PI3K Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030082. [PMID: 30813656 PMCID: PMC6468644 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, thrombosis, and inflammatory and immune diseases. The four highly homologous Class I isoforms, PI3K, PI3K, PI3K and PI3K have unique, non-redundant physiological roles and as such, isoform selectivity has been a key consideration driving inhibitor design and development. In this review, we discuss the structural biology of PI3Ks and how our growing knowledge of structure has influenced the medicinal chemistry of PI3K inhibitors. We present an analysis of the available structure-selectivity-activity relationship data to highlight key insights into how the various regions of the PI3K binding site influence isoform selectivity. The picture that emerges is one that is far from simple and emphasizes the complex nature of protein-inhibitor binding, involving protein flexibility, energetics, water networks and interactions with non-conserved residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Philip E Thompson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Departments of Medicine, Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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43
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Perry MWD, Abdulai R, Mogemark M, Petersen J, Thomas MJ, Valastro B, Westin Eriksson A. Evolution of PI3Kγ and δ Inhibitors for Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4783-4814. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Raolat Abdulai
- Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts 02451, United States
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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44
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Garces AE, Stocks MJ. Class 1 PI3K Clinical Candidates and Recent Inhibitor Design Strategies: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4815-4850. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aimie E. Garces
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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45
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Krause G, Hassenrück F, Hallek M. Copanlisib for treatment of B-cell malignancies: the development of a PI3K inhibitor with considerable differences to idelalisib. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2577-2590. [PMID: 30174412 PMCID: PMC6109662 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s142406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On the occasion of its recent approval for relapsed follicular lymphoma, we review the design and development of the pan-class I PI3K inhibitor copanlisib as a drug for the treatment of B-cell malignancies in comparison with other kinase inhibitors targeting B-cell-receptor signaling, in particular with strictly isoform-δ-selective idelalisib. In agreement with previously defined PI3K-inhibitor chemotypes, the 2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline scaffold of copanlisib adopts a flat conformation in the adenine-binding pocket of the catalytic p110 subunit and further extends into a deeper-affinity pocket in contrast to idelalisib, the quinazoline moiety of which is accommodated in a newly created selectivity pocket. Copanlisib shows higher potency than other clinically developed PI3K inhibitors against all four class I isoforms, with approximately tenfold preference for p110α and p110δ. Owing to its potency and isoform profile, copanlisib exhibits cell-type-specific cytotoxicity against primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, copanlisib differs from idelalisib in regard to intravenous versus oral administration and weekly versus twice-daily dosing. In regard to adverse effects, intermittent intravenous treatment with copanlisib leads to fewer gastrointestinal toxicities compared with continuous oral dosing of idelalisib. In relapsed follicular lymphoma, copanlisib appears more effective and especially better tolerated than other targeted therapies. Copanlisib extends existing treatment options for this subtype of indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and also shows promising response rates in DLBCL, especially of the activated B-cell type.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Purines/chemistry
- Purines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/chemistry
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/chemistry
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Quinazolinones/chemistry
- Quinazolinones/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Krause
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany,
| | - Floyd Hassenrück
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany,
| | - Michael Hallek
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Köln Bonn, Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany,
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46
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Liang X, Li F, Chen C, Jiang Z, Wang A, Liu X, Ge J, Hu Z, Yu K, Wang W, Zou F, Liu Q, Wang B, Wang L, Zhang S, Wang Y, Liu Q, Liu J. Discovery of (S)-2-amino-N-(5-(6-chloro-5-(3-methylphenylsulfonamido)pyridin-3-yl)-4-methylthiazol-2-yl)-3-methylbutanamide (CHMFL-PI3KD-317) as a potent and selective phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:831-846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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47
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Discovery and biological evaluation of novel pyrazolopyridine derivatives as potent and orally available PI3Kδ inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2410-2419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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Phase I/II evaluation of RV1001, a novel PI3Kδ inhibitor, in spontaneous canine lymphoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195357. [PMID: 29689086 PMCID: PMC5915681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RV1001 is a novel, potent, and selective PI3Kδ inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of RV1001 in canine Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods and results Inhibition of endogenous pAKT by RV1001 in primary canine NHL cells was determined by Western blotting. A phase I study of RV1001 was performed in 21 dogs with naïve and drug resistant T and B-cell NHL to assess safety, pharmacokinetic profile, and response to therapy. The objective response rate was 62% (complete response (CR) n = 3; partial response (PR) n = 10), and responses were observed in both naïve and chemotherapy-resistant B and T cell NHL. This study provided the recommended starting dose for a phase II, non-pivotal, exploratory, open label multi-centered clinical trial in 35 dogs with naïve and drug resistant T and B-cell NHL, to further define the efficacy and safety profile of RV1001. The objective response rate in the phase II study was 77% (CR n = 1; PR n = 26). Clinical toxicities were primarily hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal, and were responsive to dose modifications and/or temporary drug discontinuation. Hepatotoxicity was the primary dose limiting toxicity. Conclusions RV1001 exhibits good oral bioavailability, an acceptable safety profile, and biologic activity with associated inhibition of pAKT in dogs with B and T cell NHL. Data from these studies can be leveraged to help inform the design of future studies involving isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors in humans.
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49
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Lampson BL, Brown JR. PI3Kδ-selective and PI3Kα/δ-combinatorial inhibitors in clinical development for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1267-1279. [PMID: 28945111 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1384815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy of the prototypical phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor idelalisib for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (iNHL) has led to development of multiple compounds targeting this pathway. Areas Covered: We review the hypothesized therapeutic mechanisms of PI3K inhibitors, including abrogation of B cell receptor signaling, blockade of microenvironmental pro-survival signals, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. We examine toxicities of idelalisib, including bacterial infections (possibly secondary to drug-induced neutropenia), opportunistic infections (possibly attributable to on-target inhibition of T cell function), and organ toxicities such as transaminitis and enterocolitis (possibly autoimmune, secondary to on-target inhibition of p110δ in regulatory T cells). We evaluate PI3K inhibitors that have entered trials for the treatment of lymphoma, focusing on agents with selectivity for PI3Kα and PI3Kδ. Expert Opinion: PI3K inhibitors, particularly those that target p110δ, have robust efficacy in the treatment of CLL and iNHL. However, idelalisib has infectious and autoimmune toxicities that limit its use. Outside of trials, idelalisib should be restricted to CLL patients with progression on ibrutinib or iNHL patients with progression on two prior therapies. Whether newer PI3K inhibitors will demonstrate differentiated toxicity profiles in comparable patient populations while retaining efficacy remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Lampson
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- a Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
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50
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Dobiaš J, Ondruš M, Addová G, Boháč A. Switchable highly regioselective synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1 H)ones from o-phenylenediamines and aroylpyruvates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1350-1360. [PMID: 28781701 PMCID: PMC5530724 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Acylmethylidene-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones are compounds which possess a wide range of physical and pharmaceutical applications. These compounds can be easily prepared by cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamines and aroylpyruvates. Unsymmetrically substituted o-phenylenediamines can be obtained form regioisomeric mixtures of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones. It is often quite difficult to get a pure regioisomer and determine its structure without controlling the reaction selectivity and exploitation of complex NMR techniques (HSQC, NOESY, HMBC). This article examines the regioselectivity of the cyclocondensation between six monosubstituted o-phenylenediamines (-OMe, -F, -Cl, -COOH, -CN, -NO2) and the derivatives of p-chlorobenzoylpyruvate (ester or acid) which we studied. Six regioisomeric 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one pairs were selectively prepared and characterised. Based on our experiences, a simplified methodology for determining the structure of the regioisomers was proposed. We developed two general and highly selective methodologies starting from the same o-phenylenediamines and activated 4-chlorobenzoylpyruvates (ester or acid) enabling switching of 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one regioselectivity in a predictable manner. For comparison, all regioselective cyclocondensations were performed with the same standardized conditions (DMF, rt, 3 days), differing only by the additives p-TsOH or HOBt/DIC (hydroxybenzotriazole/N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide). Both selected methods are simple, general and highly regioselective (72-97%). A mechanism for the regioselectivity was also proposed and discussed. This study can be used as a guide when choosing the most optimal reaction conditions for the synthesis of the desired 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one regioisomers with the best selectivity. The demonstrated methodologies in this article may also be applied to differently substituted 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in general, which could expand the synthetic impact of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Dobiaš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Ondruš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriela Addová
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Boháč
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Biomagi, Ltd., Mamateyova 26, 851 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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