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Perisic M, Woolcock K, Hering A, Mendel H, Muttenthaler M. Oxytocin and vasopressin signaling in health and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:361-377. [PMID: 38418338 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Neurohypophysial peptides are ancient and evolutionarily highly conserved neuropeptides that regulate many crucial physiological functions in vertebrates and invertebrates. The human neurohypophysial oxytocin/vasopressin (OT/VP) signaling system with its four receptors has become an attractive drug target for a variety of diseases, including cancer, pain, cardiovascular indications, and neurological disorders. Despite its promise, drug development faces hurdles, including signaling complexity, selectivity and off-target concerns, translational interspecies differences, and inefficient drug delivery. In this review we dive into the complexity of the OT/VP signaling system in health and disease, provide an overview of relevant pharmacological probes, and discuss the latest trends in therapeutic lead discovery and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Perisic
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrina Woolcock
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anke Hering
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Helen Mendel
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia.
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2
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Baska F, Bozó É, Szeleczky Z, Szántó G, Vukics K, Szakács Z, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Vass E, Thán M, Vastag M, Temesvári K, Lévai S, Halász AS, Szondiné Kordás K, Román V, Greiner I, Bata I. Discovery and Characterization of RGH-122, a Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable V1a Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2024; 67:643-673. [PMID: 38165765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The V1a receptor is a major contributor in mediating the social and emotional effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP); therefore it represents a promising target in the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions. The aim of this research was to design and synthesize novel and selective V1a antagonists with improved in vitro and in vivo profiles. Through optimization and detailed SAR studies, we developed low nanomolar antagonists, and further characterizations led to the discovery of the clinical candidate compound 43 (RGH-122). The CNS activity of the compound was determined in a 3-chamber social preference test of autism in which RGH-122 successfully enhanced social preference with the lowest effective dose of 1.5 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | - Gábor Szántó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Dalma Kurkó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Elemér Vass
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Márta Thán
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vastag
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | - Sándor Lévai
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | - Viktor Román
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
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Bhowmik A, Naskar K, Roy S, Karmakar S, Sarkar W, Mondal I, Sana A, Deb I. A condition-tuned unorthodox approach to indole-3-carboxylic acids and anthranilic acids via carbon atom translocation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13899-13902. [PMID: 37934663 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04443b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a robust one-pot cascade method for the synthesis of indole-3-carboxylic acids using isatins and DMSO via a one-carbon translocation involving in situ generation of α,β-unsaturated methylvinylsulfoxide followed by amide bond cleavage and ring closure. The methodology has been extended to afford anthranilic acid derivatives by tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of molecular oxygen. Importantly, easy access to commercially available drugs, including tropisetron, is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Bhowmik
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Koushik Naskar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shantonu Roy
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sudip Karmakar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Writhabrata Sarkar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Imtiaj Mondal
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Arindam Sana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Indubhusan Deb
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4-Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Tsuchiya H, Fujinoki M, Azuma M, Koshimizu TA. Vasopressin V1a receptor and oxytocin receptor regulate murine sperm motility differently. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201488. [PMID: 36650057 PMCID: PMC9846835 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific receptors for the neurohypophyseal hormones, arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin, are present in the male reproductive organs. However, their exact roles remain unknown. To elucidate the physiological functions of pituitary hormones in male reproduction, this study first focused on the distribution and function of one of the AVP receptors, V1a. In situ hybridization analysis revealed high expression of the Avpr1a in Leydig cells of the testes and narrow/clear cells in the epididymis, with the expression pattern differing from that of the oxytocin receptor (OTR). Notably, persistent motility and highly proportional hyperactivation were observed in spermatozoa from V1a receptor-deficient mice. In contrast, OTR blocking by antagonist atosiban decreased hyperactivation rate. Furthermore, AVP stimulation could alter the extracellular pH mediated by the V1a receptor. The results highlight the crucial role of neurohypophyseal hormones in male reproductive physiology, with potential contradicting roles of V1a and OTR in sperm maturation. Our findings suggest that V1a receptor antagonists are potential therapeutic drugs for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Fujinoki
- Research Center for Laboratory Animals, Comprehensive Research Facilities for Advanced Medical Science, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Japan
| | - Morio Azuma
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Koshimizu
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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Pinel P, Guichaoua G, Najm M, Labouille S, Drizard N, Gaston-Mathé Y, Hoffmann B, Stoven V. Exploring isofunctional molecules: Design of a benchmark and evaluation of prediction performance. Mol Inform 2023; 42:e2200216. [PMID: 36633361 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202200216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Identification of novel chemotypes with biological activity similar to a known active molecule is an important challenge in drug discovery called 'scaffold hopping'. Small-, medium-, and large-step scaffold hopping efforts may lead to increasing degrees of chemical structure novelty with respect to the parent compound. In the present paper, we focus on the problem of large-step scaffold hopping. We assembled a high quality and well characterized dataset of scaffold hopping examples comprising pairs of active molecules and including a variety of protein targets. This dataset was used to build a benchmark corresponding to the setting of real-life applications: one active molecule is known, and the second active is searched among a set of decoys chosen in a way to avoid statistical bias. This allowed us to evaluate the performance of computational methods for solving large-step scaffold hopping problems. In particular, we assessed how difficult these problems are, particularly for classical 2D and 3D ligand-based methods. We also showed that a machine-learning chemogenomic algorithm outperforms classical methods and we provided some useful hints for future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Pinel
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines Paris-PSL, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, 75248, Paris, France.,INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France.,Iktos SAS, 75017, Paris, France
| | - Gwenn Guichaoua
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines Paris-PSL, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, 75248, Paris, France.,INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Najm
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines Paris-PSL, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, 75248, Paris, France.,INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Véronique Stoven
- Center for Computational Biology, Mines Paris-PSL, PSL Research University, 75006, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, 75248, Paris, France.,INSERM U900, 75428, Paris, France
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Baska F, Bozó É, Patócs T. Vasopressin receptor antagonists: a patent summary (2018-2022). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:385-395. [PMID: 37226495 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2218546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arginine-vasopressin hormone (AVP) is a key regulator in many essential physiological processes. The effect of AVP is mediated through three receptors within the body, these are the G protein-coupled vasopressin receptors, namely V1a, V1b (also called V3), and V2. Numerous studies investigated the role of these receptors in certain pathological conditions; therefore, stimulation or inhibition of these receptors may be a treatment option in these diseases. AREAS COVERED In this manuscript, the authors summarize recent patent activity (2018-2022) associated with vasopressin receptor antagonists (selective V1a or V2, and dual-acting V1a/V2), focusing mostly on chemical structures, their modifications, and potential clinical applications. Patent search was carried out using SciFinder, Espacenet, Patentscope, Cortellis Competitive Intelligence, and Derwent Innovation databases. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, vasopressin receptor antagonists have been in the spotlight of drug discovery, especially V1a selective molecules. Publishing balovaptan as a possible treatment for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), greatly increased the interest in CNS-acting vasopressin antagonists. In addition, peripherally active selective V2 and dual-acting V1a/V2 antagonists have also been developed. Although clinical trials were unsuccessful in many cases, there is still potential in the research of vasopressin receptor antagonists as shown by several currently ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Chemistry Division, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Chemistry Division, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, Hungary
| | - Tamás Patócs
- IP Department, Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
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Hollander E, Jacob S, Jou R, McNamara N, Sikich L, Tobe R, Smith J, Sanders K, Squassante L, Murtagh L, Gleissl T, Wandel C, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Balovaptan vs Placebo for Social Communication in Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:760-769. [PMID: 35793101 PMCID: PMC9260643 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Importance There are no approved medications for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), socialization and communication difficulties. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of balovaptan, an oral selective vasopressin 1a receptor antagonist, compared with placebo in children and adolescents with ASD. Design, Setting, and Participants The aV1ation study was a randomized, double-blind, 24-week, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Between November 22, 2016, and September 3, 2019, individuals were screened and randomly assigned to treatment groups. The primary efficacy analysis population comprised participants taking age-adjusted balovaptan equivalent to a 10-mg adult dose and participants from the concurrently randomized placebo group. This multicenter trial took place across 41 sites in the US. Participants were aged 5 to 17 years with diagnosed ASD and an IQ of 70 or greater. Data were analyzed from April 8 to November 16, 2020. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned to daily 4-mg or 10-mg adult-equivalent balovaptan or placebo, until the 4-mg group was discontinued. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was change from baseline on the Vineland-II two-domain composite (2DC; socialization and communication domains) score at week 24. Results Between November 2016 and September 2019, a total of 599 individuals were screened and 339 participants were randomly assigned to receive 4-mg balovaptan adult-equivalent dose (91 [26.8%]), 10-mg balovaptan adult-equivalent dose (126 [37.2%]), or placebo (122 [36.0%]). Primary analysis included 86 participants assigned to receive 10-mg balovaptan adult-equivalent dose and 81 assigned to receive placebo (mean [SD] age, 12.1 [3.4] years; 139 male participants [83.2%]). No statistically significant differences were observed between the balovaptan and placebo groups in change from baseline on the Vineland-II 2DC score at week 24 (difference in adjusted least-squares mean, -0.16; 90% CI, -2.56 to 2.23; P = .91). No improvements for balovaptan vs placebo were observed at week 24 for any secondary end points. Balovaptan was well tolerated with no emerging safety concerns. Similar proportions of participants reported adverse events (balovaptan, 66 of 86 [76.7%] vs placebo, 61 of 81 [75.3%]) and serious adverse events (balovaptan, 1 of 86 [1.2%] vs placebo, 4 of 81 [4.9%]). Conclusions and Relevance In this randomized clinical trial, balovaptan did not demonstrate efficacy in improvement of socialization and communication in this population with pediatric ASD. Balovaptan was well tolerated in children 5 years or older. Further development of robust, sensitive, and objective outcome measures may help to improve future studies in the assessment of therapies targeting communication and socialization in pediatric ASD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02901431.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hollander
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Roger Jou
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Nora McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Linmarie Sikich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Russell Tobe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York
| | - Janice Smith
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Sanders
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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Jacob S, Anagnostou E, Hollander E, Jou R, McNamara N, Sikich L, Tobe R, Murphy D, McCracken J, Ashford E, Chatham C, Clinch S, Smith J, Sanders K, Murtagh L, Noeldeke J, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Large multicenter randomized trials in autism: key insights gained from the balovaptan clinical development program. Mol Autism 2022; 13:25. [PMID: 35690870 PMCID: PMC9188723 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that is characterized by the core symptoms of social communication difficulties and restricted and repetitive behaviors. At present, there is an unmet medical need for therapies to ameliorate these core symptoms in order to improve quality of life of autistic individuals. However, several challenges are currently faced by the ASD community relating to the development of pharmacotherapies, namely in the conduct of clinical trials. Balovaptan is a V1a receptor antagonist that has been investigated to improve social communication difficulties in individuals with ASD. In this viewpoint, we draw upon our recent first-hand experiences of the balovaptan clinical development program to describe current challenges of ASD trials. DISCUSSION POINTS The balovaptan trials were conducted in a wide age range of individuals with ASD with the added complexities associated with international trials. When summarizing all three randomized trials of balovaptan, a placebo response was observed across several outcome measures. Placebo response was predicted by greater baseline symptom severity, online recruitment of participants, and less experienced or non-academic trial sites. We also highlight challenges relating to selection of outcome measures in ASD, the impact of baseline characteristics, and the role of expectation bias in influencing trial results. CONCLUSION Taken together, the balovaptan clinical development program has advanced our understanding of the key challenges facing ASD treatment research. The insights gained can be used to inform and improve the design of future clinical trials with the collective aim of developing efficacious therapies to support individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Hollander
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Jou
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nora McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Linmarie Sikich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Russell Tobe
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | | | - James McCracken
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Janice Smith
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Welwyn Garden City, UK
| | - Kevin Sanders
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Haider A, Xiao Z, Xia X, Chen J, Van RS, Kuang S, Zhao C, Rong J, Shao T, Ramesh P, Aravind A, Shao Y, Ran C, Young LJ, Liang SH. Development of a triazolobenzodiazepine-based PET probe for subtype-selective vasopressin 1A receptor imaging. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105886. [PMID: 34536549 PMCID: PMC8581590 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To enable non-invasive real-time quantification of vasopressin 1A (V1A) receptors in peripheral organs, we sought to develop a suitable PET probe that would allow specific and selective V1A receptor imaging in vitro and in vivo. METHODS We synthesized a high-affinity and -selectivity ligand, designated compound 17. The target structure was labeled with carbon-11 and tested for its utility as a V1A-targeted PET tracer by cell uptake studies, autoradiography, in vivo PET imaging and ex vivo biodistribution experiments. RESULTS Compound 17 (PF-184563) and the respective precursor for radiolabeling were synthesized in an overall yield of 49% (over 7 steps) and 40% (over 8 steps), respectively. An inhibitory constant of 0.9 nM towards the V1A receptors was measured, while excellent selectivity over the related V1B, V2 and OT receptor (IC50 >10,000 nM) were obtained. Cell uptake studies revealed considerable V1A binding, which was significantly reduced in the presence of V1A antagonists. Conversely, there was no significant blockade in the presence of V1B and V2 antagonists. In vitro autoradiography and PET imaging studies in rodents indicated specific tracer binding mainly in the liver. Further, the pancreas, spleen and the heart exhibited specific binding of [11C]17 ([11C]PF-184563) by ex vivo biodistribution experiments. CONCLUSION We have developed the first V1A-targeted PET ligand that is suitable for subtype-selective receptor imaging in peripheral organs including the liver, heart, pancreas and spleen. Our findings suggest that [11C]PF-184563 can be a valuable tool to study the role of V1A receptors in liver diseases, as well as in cardiovascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Xiaotian Xia
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Richard S Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Shi Kuang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Tuo Shao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | | | | | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, United States
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, United States
| | - Larry J Young
- Silvio O. Conte Center for Oxytocin and Social Cognition, Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United Stated
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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Exploring the Effect of Structure-Based Scaffold Hopping on the Inhibition of Coxsackievirus A24v Transduction by Pentavalent N-Acetylneuraminic Acid Conjugates. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168418. [PMID: 34445134 PMCID: PMC8395083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A24 variant (CVA24v) is the primary causative agent of the highly contagious eye infection designated acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC). It is solely responsible for two pandemics and several recurring outbreaks of the disease over the last decades, thus affecting millions of individuals throughout the world. To date, no antiviral agents or vaccines are available for combating this disease, and treatment is mainly supportive. CVA24v utilizes Neu5Ac-containing glycans as attachment receptors facilitating entry into host cells. We have previously reported that pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates based on a glucose-scaffold inhibit CVA24v infection of human corneal epithelial cells. In this study, we report on the design and synthesis of scaffold-replaced pentavalent Neu5Ac conjugates and their effect on CVA24v cell transduction and the use of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to study the binding of these multivalent conjugates to CVA24v. The results presented here provide insights into the development of Neu5Ac-based inhibitors of CVA24v and, most significantly, the first application of cryo-EM to study the binding of a multivalent ligand to a lectin.
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11
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Jaithum K, Tummatorn J, Boekfa B, Thongsornkleeb C, Chainok K, Ruchirawat S. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spirocyclic Ether from
ortho
‐Carbonylarylacetylenols via Silver‐Catalyzed Cyclization under Acidic Conditions. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Jaithum
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Ministry of Education 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Jumreang Tummatorn
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Ministry of Education 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Chulabhorn Research Institute 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Bundet Boekfa
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand
| | - Charnsak Thongsornkleeb
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Ministry of Education 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis Chulabhorn Research Institute 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-MCMA) Faculty of Science and Technology Thammasat University Pathum Thani 12121 Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT) Ministry of Education 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Chulabhorn Research Institute 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi Bangkok 10210 Thailand
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12
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Szeleczky Z, Szakács Z, Bozó É, Baska F, Vukics K, Lévai S, Temesvári K, Vass E, Béni Z, Krámos B, Magdó I, Szántay C, Kóti J, Domány-Kovács K, Greiner I, Bata I. Synthesis and Characterization of New V 1A Antagonist Compounds: The Separation of Four Atropisomeric Stereoisomers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10445-10468. [PMID: 34255509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A new class of selective vasopressin receptor 1A (V1A) antagonists was identified, where "methyl-scan" was performed around the benzene ring of the 5-hydroxy-triazolobenzazepine core. This led to the synthesis of two 10-methyl derivatives, each possessing a chiral axis and a stereogenic center. The four atropisomeric stereoisomers (involving two enantiomer pairs and atropisomeric diastereomers) could be successfully isolated and spectroscopically characterized. According to the in vitro pharmacological profiles of the compounds, the human V1A receptor has a strong preference toward the isomers having an aR axial chirality, the most active isomer being the aR,5S isomer. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships obtained for the isomers and for the newly synthesized analogues could be tentatively explained by an in silico study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szeleczky
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | | | - Sándor Lévai
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | | | - Elemér Vass
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Béni
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Magdó
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szántay
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - János Kóti
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | | | - István Greiner
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
| | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc., 19-21 Gyömrői út, Budapest 1103, Hungary
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13
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Wang H, Qin Z, Yan A. Classification models and SAR analysis on CysLT1 receptor antagonists using machine learning algorithms. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1597-1616. [PMID: 33534023 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes 1 (CysLT1) receptor is a promising drug target for rhinitis or other allergic diseases. In our study, we built classification models to predict bioactivities of CysLT1 receptor antagonists. We built a dataset with 503 CysLT1 receptor antagonists which were divided into two groups: highly active molecules (IC50 < 1000 nM) and weakly active molecules (IC50 ≥ 1000 nM). The molecules were characterized by several descriptors including CORINA descriptors, MACCS fingerprints, Morgan fingerprint and molecular SMILES. For CORINA descriptors and two types of fingerprints, we used the random forests (RF) and deep neural networks (DNN) to build models. For molecular SMILES, we used recurrent neural networks (RNN) with the self-attention to build models. The accuracies of test sets for all models reached 85%, and the accuracy of the best model (Model 2C) was 93%. In addition, we made structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses on CysLT1 receptor antagonists, which were based on the output from the random forest models and RNN model. It was found that highly active antagonists usually contained the common substructures such as tetrazoles, indoles and quinolines. These substructures may improve the bioactivity of the CysLT1 receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Sparapani S, Millet-Boureima C, Oliver J, Mu K, Hadavi P, Kalostian T, Ali N, Avelar CM, Bardies M, Barrow B, Benedikt M, Biancardi G, Bindra R, Bui L, Chihab Z, Cossitt A, Costa J, Daigneault T, Dault J, Davidson I, Dias J, Dufour E, El-Khoury S, Farhangdoost N, Forget A, Fox A, Gebrael M, Gentile MC, Geraci O, Gnanapragasam A, Gomah E, Haber E, Hamel C, Iyanker T, Kalantzis C, Kamali S, Kassardjian E, Kontos HK, Le TBU, LoScerbo D, Low YF, Mac Rae D, Maurer F, Mazhar S, Nguyen A, Nguyen-Duong K, Osborne-Laroche C, Park HW, Parolin E, Paul-Cole K, Peer LS, Philippon M, Plaisir CA, Porras Marroquin J, Prasad S, Ramsarun R, Razzaq S, Rhainds S, Robin D, Scartozzi R, Singh D, Fard SS, Soroko M, Soroori Motlagh N, Stern K, Toro L, Toure MW, Tran-Huynh S, Trépanier-Chicoine S, Waddingham C, Weekes AJ, Wisniewski A, Gamberi C. The Biology of Vasopressin. Biomedicines 2021; 9:89. [PMID: 33477721 PMCID: PMC7832310 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasopressins are evolutionarily conserved peptide hormones. Mammalian vasopressin functions systemically as an antidiuretic and regulator of blood and cardiac flow essential for adapting to terrestrial environments. Moreover, vasopressin acts centrally as a neurohormone involved in social and parental behavior and stress response. Vasopressin synthesis in several cell types, storage in intracellular vesicles, and release in response to physiological stimuli are highly regulated and mediated by three distinct G protein coupled receptors. Other receptors may bind or cross-bind vasopressin. Vasopressin is regulated spatially and temporally through transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, sex, tissue, and cell-specific receptor expression. Anomalies of vasopressin signaling have been observed in polycystic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Growing knowledge of the central biological roles of vasopressin has enabled pharmacological advances to treat these conditions by targeting defective systemic or central pathways utilizing specific agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Gamberi
- Biology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; (S.S.); (C.M.-B.); (J.O.); (K.M.); (P.H.); (T.K.); (N.A.); (C.M.A.); (M.B.); (B.B.); (M.B.); (G.B.); (R.B.); (L.B.); (Z.C.); (A.C.); (J.C.); (T.D.); (J.D.); (I.D.); (J.D.); (E.D.); (S.E.-K.); (N.F.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.C.G.); (O.G.); (A.G.); (E.G.); (E.H.); (C.H.); (T.I.); (C.K.); (S.K.); (E.K.); (H.K.K.); (T.B.U.L.); (D.L.); (Y.F.L.); (D.M.R.); (F.M.); (S.M.); (A.N.); (K.N.-D.); (C.O.-L.); (H.W.P.); (E.P.); (K.P.-C.); (L.S.P.); (M.P.); (C.-A.P.); (J.P.M.); (S.P.); (R.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (D.R.); (R.S.); (D.S.); (S.S.F.); (M.S.); (N.S.M.); (K.S.); (L.T.); (M.W.T.); (S.T.-H.); (S.T.-C.); (C.W.); (A.J.W.); (A.W.)
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15
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Vasopressin-stimulated ORAI1 expression and store-operated Ca 2+ entry in aortic smooth muscle cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:373-382. [PMID: 33409552 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-02016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification may result from stimulation of osteogenic signalling with upregulation of the transcription factors CBFA1, MSX2 and SOX9, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), which degrades and thus inactivates the calcification inhibitor pyrophosphate. Osteogenic signalling further involves upregulation of the Ca2+-channel ORAI1. The channel is activated by STIM1 and then accomplishes store-operated Ca2+ entry. ORAI1 and STIM1 are upregulated by the serum & glucocorticoid inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) which is critically important for osteogenic signalling. Stimulators of vascular calcification include vasopressin. The present study explored whether exposure of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) to vasopressin upregulates ORAI1 and/or STIM1 expression, store-operated Ca2+ entry and osteogenic signalling. To this end, HAoSMCs were exposed to vasopressin (100 nM, 24 h) without or with additional exposure to ORAI1 blocker MRS1845 (10 μM) or SGK1 inhibitor GSK-650394 (1 μM). Transcript levels were measured using q-RT-PCR, cytosolic Ca2+-concentration ([Ca2+]i) by Fura-2-fluorescence, and store-operated Ca2+ entry from increase of [Ca2+]i following re-addition of extracellular Ca2+ after store depletion with thapsigargin (1 μM). As a result, vasopressin enhanced the transcript levels of ORAI1 and STIM1, store-operated Ca2+ entry, as well as the transcript levels of CBFA1, MSX2, SOX9 and ALPL. The effect of vasopressin on store-operated Ca2+ entry as well as on transcript levels of CBFA1, MSX2, SOX9 and ALPL was virtually abrogated by MRS1845 and GSK-650394. In conclusion, vasopressin stimulates expression of ORAI1/STIM1, thus augmenting store-operated Ca2+ entry and osteogenic signalling. In HAoSMCs, vasopressin (VP) upregulates Ca2+ channel ORAI1 and its activator STIM1. VP upregulates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and osteogenic signalling (OS). VP-induced SOCE, OS and Ca2+-deposition are disrupted by ORAI1 inhibitor MRS1845. VP-induced SOCE, OS and Ca2+-deposition are disrupted by SGK1 blocker GSK-650394. KEY MESSAGES: • In HAoSMCs, vasopressin (VP) upregulates Ca2+ channel ORAI1 and its activator STIM1. • VP upregulates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and osteogenic signalling (OS). • VP-induced SOCE, OS and Ca2+-deposition are disrupted by ORAI1 inhibitor MRS1845. • VP-induced SOCE, OS and Ca2+-deposition are disrupted by SGK1 blocker GSK-650394.
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Abstract
Spirocyclic scaffolds are incorporated in various approved drugs and drug candidates. The increasing interest in less planar bioactive compounds has given rise to the development of synthetic methodologies for the preparation of spirocyclic scaffolds. In this Perspective, we summarize the diverse synthetic routes to obtain spirocyclic systems. The impact of spirocycles on potency and selectivity, including the aspect of stereochemistry, is discussed. Furthermore, we examine the changes in physicochemical properties as well as in in vitro and in vivo ADME using selected studies that compare spirocyclic compounds to their nonspirocyclic counterparts. In conclusion, the value of spirocyclic scaffolds in medicinal chemistry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Straße 9, D-60348 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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17
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Baska F, Szántó G, Bozó É, Szakács Z, Dékány M, Szondiné Kordás K, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Hodoscsek B, Magdó I, Krámos B, Béni Z, Vastag M, Bata I. Discovery of New Heterocyclic Ring Systems as Novel and Potent V 1A Receptor Antagonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3532-3540. [PMID: 33084311 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disease with increasing occurrence. Recent studies focus on the development of novel V1A receptor antagonists which can influence the core symptoms of autism through the AVP pathway. In this study, we describe the synthesis of new heterocyclic ring systems. These are a novel class of brain-penetrating V1A antagonists with improved metabolic stability and in vivo potency. The efficacy of the compounds was strongly influenced by the position of the chlorine atom, suggesting halogen bond formation between the ligands and the V1A receptor.
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Key Words
- ASD
- CNS
- V1A receptor
- halogen bonding
- imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c][1,3]diazepine
- imidazo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-c][1,3]diazocine
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Baska
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szántó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Éva Bozó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szakács
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dékány
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | | | | | - Dalma Kurkó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Barbara Hodoscsek
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Magdó
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Balázs Krámos
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Béni
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Mónika Vastag
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
| | - Imre Bata
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest 10, PO Box 27, Budapest H-1475, Hungary
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18
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Bozó É, Baska F, Lövei K, Szántó G, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Szondiné Kordás K, Szokoli T, Bata I. New V1a receptor antagonist. Part 2. Identification and optimization of triazolobenzazepines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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19
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Szántó G, Makó A, Baska F, Bozó É, Domány-Kovács K, Kurkó D, Cselenyák A, Mohácsi R, Kordás KS, Bata I. New V1a receptor antagonist. Part 1. Synthesis and SAR development of urea derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Schnider P, Bissantz C, Bruns A, Dolente C, Goetschi E, Jakob-Roetne R, Künnecke B, Mueggler T, Muster W, Parrott N, Pinard E, Ratni H, Risterucci C, Rogers-Evans M, von Kienlin M, Grundschober C. Discovery of Balovaptan, a Vasopressin 1a Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1511-1525. [PMID: 31951127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the discovery of a potent, selective, and brain-penetrant V1a receptor antagonist, which was not suitable for full development. Nevertheless, this compound was found to improve surrogates of social behavior in adults with autism spectrum disorder in an exploratory proof-of-mechanism study. Here we describe scaffold hopping that gave rise to triazolobenzodiazepines with improved pharmacokinetic properties. The key to balancing potency and selectivity while minimizing P-gp mediated efflux was fine-tuning of hydrogen bond acceptor basicity. Ascertaining a V1a antagonist specific brain activity pattern by pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging in the rat played a seminal role in guiding optimization efforts, culminating in the discovery of balovaptan (RG7314, RO5285119) 1. In a 12-week clinical phase 2 study in adults with autism spectrum disorder balovaptan demonstrated improvements in Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales, a secondary end point comprising communication, socialization, and daily living skills. Balovaptan entered phase 3 clinical development in August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schnider
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bissantz
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Andreas Bruns
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Cosimo Dolente
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Erwin Goetschi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Roland Jakob-Roetne
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Basil Künnecke
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Mueggler
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Muster
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Neil Parrott
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Pinard
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Hasane Ratni
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Céline Risterucci
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Mark Rogers-Evans
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Markus von Kienlin
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christophe Grundschober
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , 4070 Basel , Switzerland
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21
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Bruno A, Costantino G, Sartori L, Radi M. The In Silico Drug Discovery Toolbox: Applications in Lead Discovery and Optimization. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3838-3873. [PMID: 29110597 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171107101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovery and development of a new drug is a long lasting and expensive journey that takes around 20 years from starting idea to approval and marketing of new medication. Despite R&D expenditures have been constantly increasing in the last few years, the number of new drugs introduced into market has been steadily declining. This is mainly due to preclinical and clinical safety issues, which still represent about 40% of drug discontinuation. To cope with this issue, a number of in silico techniques are currently being used for an early stage evaluation/prediction of potential safety issues, allowing to increase the drug-discovery success rate and reduce costs associated with the development of a new drug. METHODS In the present review, we will analyse the early steps of the drug-discovery pipeline, describing the sequence of steps from disease selection to lead optimization and focusing on the most common in silico tools used to assess attrition risks and build a mitigation plan. RESULTS A comprehensive list of widely used in silico tools, databases, and public initiatives that can be effectively implemented and used in the drug discovery pipeline has been provided. A few examples of how these tools can be problem-solving and how they may increase the success rate of a drug discovery and development program have been also provided. Finally, selected examples where the application of in silico tools had effectively contributed to the development of marketed drugs or clinical candidates will be given. CONCLUSION The in silico toolbox finds great application in every step of early drug discovery: (i) target identification and validation; (ii) hit identification; (iii) hit-to-lead; and (iv) lead optimization. Each of these steps has been described in details, providing a useful overview on the role played by in silico tools in the decision-making process to speed-up the discovery of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Bruno
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, IFOM - The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16 - 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Sartori
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, IFOM - The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Via Adamello 16 - 20139 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Radi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Parma, Viale delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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22
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Chadman KK, Fernandes S, DiLiberto E, Feingold R. Do animal models hold value in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) drug discovery? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:727-734. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1621285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn K. Chadman
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, NYS Office for People With Developmental Disabilities, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Fernandes
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, NYS Office for People With Developmental Disabilities, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Disabilities, City University of New York, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth DiLiberto
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, NYS Office for People With Developmental Disabilities, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Macaulay Honors College at City University of New York, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Robert Feingold
- Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, NYS Office for People With Developmental Disabilities, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Center for Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Disabilities, City University of New York, College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY, USA
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23
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Bolognani F, del Valle Rubido M, Squassante L, Wandel C, Derks M, Murtagh L, Sevigny J, Khwaja O, Umbricht D, Fontoura P. A phase 2 clinical trial of a vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist shows improved adaptive behaviors in men with autism spectrum disorder. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:scitranslmed.aat7838. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat7838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There are no approved pharmacological therapies to address the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), namely, persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction and the presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities. The neuropeptide vasopressin has been implicated in the regulation of social behaviors, and its modulation has emerged as a therapeutic target for ASD. The phase 2 VANILLA clinical trial reported here evaluated balovaptan, an orally administered selective vasopressin V1a receptor antagonist, in 223 men with ASD and intelligence quotient ≥70. The drug was administered daily for 12 weeks and was compared with placebo. Participants were randomized to placebo (n = 75) or one of three balovaptan dose arms (1.5 mg, n = 32; 4 mg, n = 77; 10 mg, n = 39). Balovaptan treatment was not associated with a change from baseline compared with placebo at 12 weeks in the primary efficacy endpoint (Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition). However, dose-dependent and clinically meaningful improvements on the Vineland-II Adaptive Behavior Scales composite score were observed for participants treated with balovaptan 4 or 10 mg compared with placebo. This was driven principally by improvements in the Vineland-II socialization and communication scores. Balovaptan was well tolerated across all doses, and no drug-related safety concerns were identified. These results support further study of balovaptan as a potential treatment for the socialization and communication deficits in ASD.
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Parker KJ, Oztan O, Libove RA, Mohsin N, Karhson DS, Sumiyoshi RD, Summers JE, Hinman KE, Motonaga KS, Phillips JM, Carson DS, Fung LK, Garner JP, Hardan AY. A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial shows that intranasal vasopressin improves social deficits in children with autism. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:scitranslmed.aau7356. [PMID: 31043522 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The social impairments of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a major impact on quality of life, yet there are no medications that effectively treat these core social behavior deficits. Preclinical research suggests that arginine vasopressin (AVP), a neuropeptide involved in promoting mammalian social behaviors, may be a possible treatment for ASD. Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study design, we tested the efficacy and tolerability of a 4-week intranasal AVP daily treatment in 30 children with ASD. AVP-treated participants aged 6 to 9.5 years received the maximum daily target dose of 24 International Units (IU); participants aged 9.6 to 12.9 years received the maximum daily target dose of 32 IU. Intranasal AVP treatment compared to placebo enhanced social abilities as assessed by change from baseline in this phase 2 trial's primary outcome measure, the Social Responsiveness Scale, 2nd Edition total score (SRS-2 T score; F 1,20 = 9.853; P = 0.0052; ηp 2 = 33.0%; Cohen's d = 1.40). AVP treatment also diminished anxiety symptoms and some repetitive behaviors. Most of these findings were more pronounced when we accounted for pretreatment AVP concentrations in blood. AVP was well tolerated with minimal side effects. No AVP-treated participants dropped out of the trial, and there were no differences in the rate of adverse events reported between treatment conditions. Last, no changes from baseline were observed in vital signs, electrocardiogram tracings, height and body weight, or clinical chemistry measurements after 4 weeks of AVP treatment. These preliminary findings suggest that AVP has potential for treating social impairments in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Parker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Ozge Oztan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robin A Libove
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noreen Mohsin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debra S Karhson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Raena D Sumiyoshi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jacqueline E Summers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle E Hinman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kara S Motonaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennifer M Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dean S Carson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lawrence K Fung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph P Garner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Antonio Y Hardan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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25
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Nishida Y, Takeda N, Matsuno K, Miyata O, Ueda M. Acylative Coupling of Amine and Indole Using Chloroform as a Carbonyl Group. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuika Nishida
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science; Kogakuin University; Nakano, Hachi-oji 192-0015 Tokyo Japan
| | - Okiko Miyata
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
| | - Masafumi Ueda
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University; Motoyamakita, Higashinada 658-8558 Kobe Japan
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Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders including autism, Asperger's syndrome (AS) and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). The new diagnostic criteria of ASD focuses on two core domains: social communication impairment and restricted interests/repetitive behaviors. The prevalence of ASD has been steadily increasing over the past two decades, with current estimates reaching up to 1 in 36 children. Hereditary factors, parental history of psychiatric disorders, pre-term births, and fetal exposure to psychotropic drugs or insecticides have all been linked to higher risk of ASD. Several scales such as the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), The Autism Spectrum Disorder-Observation for Children (ASD-OC), The Developmental, Dimensional, and Diagnostic Interview (3di), are available to aid in better assessing the behaviors and symptoms associated with ASD. Nearly 75% of ASD patients suffer from comorbid psychiatric illnesses or conditions, which may include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, Tourette syndrome, and others. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are available for ASD. Pharmacological treatments include psychostimulants, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants, and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists. These medications provide partial symptomatic relief of core symptoms of ASD or manage the symptoms of comorbid conditions. Non-pharmacological interventions, which show promising evidence in improving social interaction and verbal communication of ASD patients, include music therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy and social behavioral therapy. Hormonal therapies with oxytocyin or vasopressin receptor antagonists have also shown some promise in improving core ASD symptoms. The use of vitamins, herbal remedies and nutritional supplements in conjunction with pharmacological and behavioral treatment appear to have some effect in symptomatic improvement in ASD, though additional studies are needed to confirm these benefits. Developing novel disease-modifying therapies may prove to be the ultimate intervention for sustained improvement of symptoms in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samata R Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kutvolgyi Clinical Centre, Semmelweis University, Kutvolgyi ut 4, 1125 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank I Tarazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program, , Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
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Beard R, Stucki A, Schmitt M, Py G, Grundschober C, Gee AD, Tate EW. Building bridges for highly selective, potent and stable oxytocin and vasopressin analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:3039-3045. [PMID: 29602673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is an exciting potential therapeutic agent, but it is highly sensitive to modification and suffers extensive degradation at elevated temperature and in vivo. Here we report studies towards OT analogs with favorable selectivity, affinity and potency towards the oxytocin receptor (OTR), in addition to improving stability of the peptide by bridging the disulfide region with substituted dibromo-xylene analogs. We found a sensitive structure-activity relationship in which meta-cyclized analogs (dOTmeta) gave highest affinity (50 nM Ki), selectivity (34-fold), and agonist potency (34 nM EC50, 87-fold selectivity) towards OTR. Surprisingly, ortho-cyclized analogs demonstrated OTR and vasopressin V1a receptor subtype affinity (220 nM and 69 nM, respectively) and pharmacological activity (294 nM and 35 nM, respectively). V1a binding and selectivity for ortho-cyclized peptides could be improved 6-fold by substituting a neutral residue at position 8 with a basic amino acid, providing potent antagonists (14 nM IC50) that displayed no activation of the OTR. Furthermore, xylene-bridged analogs demonstrated increased stability compared to OT at elevated temperature, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential for these analogs which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon Beard
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andy Stucki
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Schmitt
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Py
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Grundschober
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Discovery Neuroscience, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antony D Gee
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, SE1 7EH London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Lacivita E, Perrone R, Margari L, Leopoldo M. Targets for Drug Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9114-9141. [PMID: 29039668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Various factors are involved in the etiopathogenesis of ASD, including genetic factors, environmental toxins and stressors, impaired immune responses, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. The heterogeneity in the phenotype among ASD patients and the complex etiology of the condition have long impeded the advancement of the development of pharmacological therapies. In the recent years, the integration of findings from mouse models to human genetics resulted in considerable progress toward the understanding of ASD pathophysiology. Currently, strategies to treat core symptoms of ASD are directed to correct synaptic dysfunctions, abnormalities in central oxytocin, vasopressin, and serotonin neurotransmission, and neuroinflammation. Here, we present a survey of the studies that have suggested molecular targets for drug development for ASD and the state-of-the-art of medicinal chemistry efforts in related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Lacivita
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Margari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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A Single Dose, Randomized, Controlled Proof-Of-Mechanism Study of a Novel Vasopressin 1a Receptor Antagonist (RG7713) in High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1914-1923. [PMID: 27711048 PMCID: PMC5520775 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) include impaired social communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. No effective pharmacotherapy for these core deficits exists. Within the domain of social communication, the vasopressin system is implicated in social cognition and social signaling deficits of ASD, and represents a potential therapeutic target. We assessed the effects of a single 20 mg intravenous dose of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (V1a) antagonist, RG7713, on exploratory biomarkers (eye tracking), behavioral and clinical measures of social cognition and communication (affective speech recognition (ASR), reading the mind in the eyes, olfactory identification, scripted interaction), and safety and tolerability in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of 19 high-functioning adult male subjects with DSM-IV Autistic Disorder (age 18-45 years; full scale IQ >70; ABC-Irritability subscale ⩽13). Eye-tracking showed an increase in biological motion orienting preference with RG7713 (ES=0.8, p=0.047) and a non-significant improvement in the composite score (ES=0.2, p=0.29). RG7713 reduced ability to detect lust (ES=-0.8, p=0.03) and fear (ES=-0.7, p=0.07) in ASR. However, when all eight individual emotion subscales were combined into an overall ASR performance score, the reduction was non-significant (ES=-0.1, p=0.59). Thirteen adverse events were reported in 10 subjects; all were of mild (11/13) or moderate (2/13) severity. Although interpretation should be cautious due to multiple comparisons and small sample size, these results provide preliminary evidence from experimental and behavioral biomarkers, that blockade of the V1a receptor may improve social communication in adults with high-functioning ASD. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01474278 A Study of RO5028442 in Adult Male High-Functioning Autistic Patients. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01474278.
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30
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Saturated Heterocycles with Applications in Medicinal Chemistry. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hu
- Department of Life Science
Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstrasse 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Stumpfe
- Department of Life Science
Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstrasse 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science
Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal
Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstrasse 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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32
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Yao SJ, Ren ZH, Wang YY, Guan ZH. Friedel–Crafts Fluoroacetylation of Indoles with Fluorinated Acetic Acids for the Synthesis of Fluoromethyl Indol-3-yl Ketones under Catalyst- and Additive-Free Conditions. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4226-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Jiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, People’s Republic of China
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33
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Yue L, Du J, Ye F, Chen Z, Li L, Lian F, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Chen K, Li Y, Zhou B, Zhang N, Yang Y, Luo C. Identification of novel small-molecule inhibitors targeting menin–MLL interaction, repurposing the antidiarrheal loperamide. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:8503-19. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01248e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Scaffold hopping combines with biochemical studies and medicinal chemistry optimizations, leading to potent inhibitors of the menin–MLL interaction.
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34
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Intriguing possibilities and beneficial aspects of transporter-conscious drug design. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4119-4131. [PMID: 26138194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been revealed that many types of drugs interact with transporter proteins within an organism. Transporter proteins absorb or excrete materials, including drugs and nutrients, across the cell membrane. Some hydrophobic drugs are excreted from the cell as xenobiotics by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, solute carrier (SLC) transporters are tissue-specifically expressed and have substrate specificities. Thus, transporter-conscious drug design is an excellent method of delivering drugs to pharmaceutical target organs and provides advantages in absorption, distribution, excretion, and toxicity of drugs (ADMET) due to transport systems. In fact, based on this strategy, the bioavailability of prodrugs designed as peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) substrates was better than that of the corresponding parent compounds due to the transport system in the small intestine. Furthermore, in central nervous system (CNS) drug developing, drug delivery into brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a serious problem. However, this problem can be also solved by the use of the transport systems at the BBB. Therefore, transporter-consciously designed drugs not only may effectively elicit activity but also may control adverse side effects caused by off-targets and drug-drug interactions and, consequently, may show good performance in clinical trials. In this review, I introduce possibilities and advantages of transporter-conscious drug designs.
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