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Liu Y, Jiang P, An L, Zhu M, Li J, Wang Y, Huang Q, Xiang Y, Li X, Shi Q, Weng Y. The role of neutrophil elastase in aortic valve calcification. J Transl Med 2022; 20:167. [PMID: 35397552 PMCID: PMC8994374 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most commonly valvular disease in the western countries initiated by inflammation and abnormal calcium deposition. Currently, there is no clinical drug for CAVD. Neutrophil elastase (NE) plays a causal role in inflammation and participates actively in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of NE on valve calcification remains unclear. So we next explore whether it is involved in valve calcification and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods NE expression and activity in calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVD) patients (n = 58) and healthy patients (n = 30) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (pVICs) were isolated and used in vitro expriments. The effects of NE on pVICs inflammation, apoptosis and calcification were detected by TUNEL assay, MTT assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. The effects of NE knockdown and NE activity inhibitor Alvelestat on pVICs inflammation, apoptosis and calcification under osteogenic medium induction were also detected by RT-PCR, western blot, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Changes of Intracellular signaling pathways after NE treatment were measured by western blot. Apolipoprotein E−/− (APOE−/−) mice were employed in this study to establish the important role of Alvelestat in valve calcification. HE was used to detected the thickness of valve. IHC was used to detected the NE and α-SMA expression in APOE−/− mice. Echocardiography was employed to assess the heat function of APOE−/− mice. Results The level and activity of NE were evaluated in patients with CAVD and calcified valve tissues. NE promoted inflammation, apoptosis and phenotype transition in pVICs in the presence or absence of osteogenic medium. Under osteogenic medium induction, NE silencing or NE inhibitor Alvelestat both suppressed the osteogenic differentiation of pVICs. Mechanically, NE played its role in promoting osteogenic differentiation of pVICs by activating the NF-κB and AKT signaling pathway. Alvelestat alleviated valve thickening and decreased the expression of NE and α-SMA in western diet-induced APOE−/− mice. Alvelestat also reduced NE activity and partially improved the heart function of APOE−/−mice. Conclusions Collectively, NE is highly involved in the pathogenesis of valve calcification. Targeting NE such as Alvelestat may be a potential treatment for CAVD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03363-1.
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Bagga T, Su Ning L, Sivaraman J, Shankar S. Sequence Preference and Scaffolding Requirement for the Inhibition of Human Neutrophil Elastase by Ecotin Peptide. Protein Sci 2022; 31:933-941. [PMID: 35014748 PMCID: PMC8927871 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (hNE) is an abundant serine protease that is a major constituent of lung elastolytic activity. However, when secreted in excess, if not properly attenuated by selective inhibitor proteins, it can have detrimental effects on host tissues, leading to chronic lung inflammation and non-small cell lung cancer. To improve upon the design of inhibitors against hNE for therapeutic applications, here, we report the crystal structure of hNE in complex with an ecotin-derived peptide inhibitor. We show that the peptide binds in the non-prime substrate binding site. Unexpectedly, compared with full-length ecotin, we find that our short linear peptides and circular amide-backbone-linked peptides of ecotin are incapable of efficient hNE inhibition. Our structural insights point to a preferred amino acid sequence and the potential benefit of a scaffold for optimal binding and function of the peptide inhibitor, both of which are retained in the full-length ecotin protein. These findings will aid in the development of effective peptide-based inhibitors against hNE for targeted therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Bagga
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Loh Su Ning
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srihari Shankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Paquet-Côté PA, Alejaldre L, Lapointe Verreault C, Gobeil SMC, Lamoureux R, Bédard L, Normandeau CO, Lemay-St-Denis C, Pelletier JN, Voyer N. Development of sulfahydantoin derivatives as β-lactamase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 35:127781. [PMID: 33422604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfahydantoin-based molecules may provide a means to counteract antibiotic resistance, which is on the rise. These molecules may act as inhibitors of β-lactamase enzymes, which are key in some resistance mechanisms. In this paper, we report on the synthesis of 6 novel sulfahydantoin derivatives by the key reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate to form α-amino acid derived sulfamides, and their cyclization into sulfahydantoins. The synthesis is rapid and provides the target compounds in 8 steps. We investigated their potential as β-lactamase inhibitors using two common Class A β-lactamases, TEM-1 and the prevalent extended-spectrum TEM-15. Two compounds, 3 and 6, show substantial inhibition of the β-lactamases with IC50 values between 130 and 510 μM and inferred Ki values between 32 and 55 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorea Alejaldre
- Département de biochimie and PROTEO, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Sophie M C Gobeil
- Département de biochimie and PROTEO, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Rosalie Lamoureux
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurie Bédard
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | | | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Département de biochimie and PROTEO, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada; Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Zhang J, Xu HY, Wu YJ, Zhang X, Zhang LQ, Li YM. Neutrophil elastase inhibitory effects of pentacyclic triterpenoids from Eriobotrya japonica (loquat leaves). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:111713. [PMID: 30703491 PMCID: PMC7127461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eriobotrya japonica, a traditional herbal medicine in China and Japan, has long been used to treat chronic bronchitis and coughs. AIM OF THE STUDY Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PTs), especially ursolic acid (UA), have been found as reversibly and competitively human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitors. However, the limited solubility and poor bioavailability of PTs hinder their clinical use. Crude plant extracts may have a greater activity than isolated constituents of the equivalent dosage. In this study, an Eriobotrya japonica (loquat leaves) extract (triterpenoid composition of loquat leaves, TCLL) with enriched PTs such as UA was prepared. The study aims to compare the HNE inhibitory (HNEI) effect in vitro and the therapeutic effect on acute lung injury (ALI) in vivo between TCLL and UA. MATERIALS AND METHODS An HNEI activity bioassay was performed with Sivelestat sodium hydrate as a positive control. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammatory model was established to evaluate TCLL's therapeutic effect on ALI in vivo. The absorption of UA in TCLL and in UA alone was determined using a Caco-2 cell uptake model and LC-MS. RESULTS The IC50 values of TCLL and UA for the HNEI effect were 3.26 ± 0.56 μg/mL and 8.49 ± 0.42 μg/mL (P < 0.01), respectively. TCLL significantly improved the inflammatory cells and inflammatory cytokine production in mice compared with the LPS group (P < 0.05). Additionally, it performed better than the UA alone group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the uptake by Caco-2 cells of UA in TCLL was higher than that in UA alone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION TCLL has a significant HNEI effect in vitro and a therapeutic effect on LPS-induced inflammation in a mouse model. Both the effects are more efficient than UA. Improved absorption of PTs in TCLL may be one explanation for these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hao-Yang Xu
- International Education College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liu-Qiang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Hochscherf J, Pietsch M, Tieu W, Kuan K, Abell AD, Gütschow M, Niefind K. Crystal structure of highly glycosylated human leukocyte elastase in complex with an S2' site binding inhibitor. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:480-489. [PMID: 30084397 PMCID: PMC6096481 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1800537x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylated human leukocyte elastase (HLE) was crystallized and structurally analysed in complex with a 1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivative that had been identified as an HLE inhibitor in preliminary studies. In contrast to previously described HLE structures with small-molecule inhibitors, in this structure the inhibitor does not bind to the S1 and S2 substrate-recognition sites; rather, this is the first HLE structure with a synthetic inhibitor in which the S2' site is blocked that normally binds the second side chain at the C-terminal side of the scissile peptide bond in a substrate protein. The inhibitor also induces the formation of crystalline HLE dimers that block access to the active sites and that are also predicted to be stable in solution. Neither such HLE dimers nor the corresponding crystal packing have been observed in previous HLE crystal structures. This novel crystalline environment contributes to the observation that comparatively large parts of the N-glycan chains of HLE are defined by electron density. The final HLE structure contains the largest structurally defined carbohydrate trees among currently available HLE structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hochscherf
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Centre of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universität zu Köln, Gleueler Str. 24, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - William Tieu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Kevin Kuan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Abell
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karsten Niefind
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 47, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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Loke I, Østergaard O, Heegaard NHH, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Paucimannose-Rich N-glycosylation of Spatiotemporally Regulated Human Neutrophil Elastase Modulates Its Immune Functions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:1507-1527. [PMID: 28630087 PMCID: PMC5546201 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.066746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important N-glycosylated serine protease in the innate immune system, but the structure and immune-modulating functions of HNE N-glycosylation remain undescribed. Herein, LC-MS/MS-based glycan, glycopeptide and glycoprotein profiling were utilized to first determine the heterogeneous N-glycosylation of HNE purified from neutrophil lysates and then from isolated neutrophil granules of healthy individuals. The spatiotemporal expression of HNE during neutrophil activation and the biological importance of its N-glycosylation were also investigated using immunoblotting, cell surface capture, native MS, receptor interaction, protease inhibition, and bacteria growth assays. Site-specific HNE glycoprofiling demonstrated that unusual paucimannosidic N-glycans, particularly Manα1,6Manβ1,4GlcNAcβ1,4(Fucα1,6)GlcNAcβ, predominantly occupied Asn124 and Asn173. The equally unusual core fucosylated monoantenna complex-type N-sialoglycans also decorated these two fully occupied sites. In contrast, the mostly unoccupied Asn88 carried nonfucosylated paucimannosidic N-glycans probably resulting from low glycosylation site solvent accessibility. Asn185 was not glycosylated. Subcellular- and site-specific glycoprofiling showed highly uniform N-glycosylation of HNE residing in distinct neutrophil compartments. Stimulation-induced cell surface mobilization demonstrated a spatiotemporal regulation, but not cell surface-specific glycosylation signatures, of HNE in activated human neutrophils. The three glycosylation sites of HNE were located distal to the active site indicating glycan functions other than interference with HNE enzyme activity. Functionally, the paucimannosidic HNE glycoforms displayed preferential binding to human mannose binding lectin compared with the HNE sialoglycoforms, suggesting a glycoform-dependent involvement of HNE in complement activation. The heavily N-glycosylated HNE protease inhibitor, α1-antitrypsin, displayed concentration-dependent complex formation and preferred glycoform-glycoform interactions with HNE. Finally, both enzymatically active HNE and isolated HNE N-glycans demonstrated low micromolar concentration-dependent growth inhibition of clinically-relevant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting some bacteriostatic activity is conferred by the HNE N-glycans. Taken together, these observations support that the unusual HNE N-glycosylation, here reported for the first time, is involved in modulating multiple immune functions central to inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Ole Østergaard
- §Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels H H Heegaard
- §Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- From the ‡Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia;
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Korkmaz B, Lesner A, Guarino C, Wysocka M, Kellenberger C, Watier H, Specks U, Gauthier F, Jenne DE. Inhibitors and Antibody Fragments as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutics Targeting Neutrophil Proteinase 3 in Human Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 68:603-30. [PMID: 27329045 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.012104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinase 3 (PR3) has received great scientific attention after its identification as the essential antigenic target of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in Wegener's granulomatosis (now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis). Despite many structural and functional similarities between neutrophil elastase (NE) and PR3 during biosynthesis, storage, and extracellular release, unique properties and pathobiological functions have emerged from detailed studies in recent years. The development of highly sensitive substrates and inhibitors of human PR3 and the creation of PR3-selective single knockout mice led to the identification of nonredundant roles of PR3 in cell death induction via procaspase-3 activation in cell cultures and in mouse models. According to a study in knockout mice, PR3 shortens the lifespan of infiltrating neutrophils in tissues and accelerates the clearance of aged neutrophils in mice. Membrane exposure of active human PR3 on apoptotic neutrophils reprograms the response of macrophages to phagocytosed neutrophils, triggers secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and undermines immune silencing and tissue regeneration. PR3-induced disruption of the anti-inflammatory effect of efferocytosis may be relevant for not only granulomatosis with polyangiitis but also for other autoimmune diseases with high neutrophil turnover. Inhibition of membrane-bound PR3 by endogenous inhibitors such as the α-1-protease inhibitor is comparatively weaker than that of NE, suggesting that the adverse effects of unopposed PR3 activity resurface earlier than those of NE in individuals with α-1-protease inhibitor deficiency. Effective coverage of PR3 by anti-inflammatory tools and simultaneous inhibition of both PR3 and NE should be most promising in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Carla Guarino
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Christine Kellenberger
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Hervé Watier
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Ulrich Specks
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Francis Gauthier
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
| | - Dieter E Jenne
- INSERM U-1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires and Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (B.K., C.G., F.G.); Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (A.L., M.W.); Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7257, Marseille, France (C.K.); Génétique, Immunothérapie, Chimie et Cancer, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7292, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France (H.W.); Thoracic Diseases Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota (U.S.); Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany (D.E.J.); and Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany (D.E.J.)
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8
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Chen M, Yang C, Wang Y, Li D, Xia W. UV Light Induced Direct Synthesis of Phenanthrene Derivatives from a Linear 3-Aryl-N-(arylsulfonyl) Propiolamides. Org Lett 2016; 18:2280-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Dazhi Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- State Key Lab of Urban Water
Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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9
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Huang G, Feng L, Liu B, He Y, Li Y, Chen Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of nigranoic acid esters as novel human neutrophil elastase inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:1650-6. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.996149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Feng L, Liu X, Zhu W, Guo F, YingchunWu, Wang R, Chen K, Huang C, Li Y. Inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by pentacyclic triterpenes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82794. [PMID: 24376583 PMCID: PMC3869726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
SCOPE Inhibiting human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a promising strategy for treating inflammatory lung diseases, such as H1N1 and SARS virus infections. The use of sivelestat, the only clinically registered synthesized HNE inhibitor, is largely limited by its risk of organ toxicity because it irreversibly inhibits HNE. Therefore, potent reversible HNE inhibitors are promising alternatives to sivelestat. METHODS AND RESULTS An in vitro HNE inhibition assay was employed to screen a series of triterpenes. Six pentacyclic triterpenes, but not tetracyclic triterpenes, significantly inhibited HNE. Of these pentacyclic triterpenes, ursolic acid exhibited the highest inhibitory potency (IC50 = 5.51 µM). The HNE inhibitory activity of ursolic acid was further verified using a mouse model of acute smoke-induced lung inflammation. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance and HNE inhibition kinetic analysis showed that the pentacyclic triterpenes competitively and reversibly inhibited HNE. Molecular docking experiments indicated that the molecular scaffold, 28-COOH, and a double bond at an appropriate location in the pentacyclic triterpenes are important for their inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION Our results provide insights into the effects of pentacyclic triterpenes on lung inflammatory actions through reversible inhibition of HNE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Second Military Medicinal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YingchunWu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Neutrophil elastase inhibitors: recent advances in the development of mechanism-based and nonelectrophilic inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:651-60. [PMID: 22458683 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its implication in pathologies of prevalent diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, fibrosis, bronchiectasis and ARDS, the serine protease, human neutrophil elastase, has been in focus for drug-development efforts over the last two decades. In recent years, continued efforts to identify and optimize novel mechanism-based inhibitors have led to a number of new inhibitors being reported. These compounds show promising potency and selectivity profiles, although their use is still limited by their inherent stability. Recently, two novel classes of potent and selective, synthetic, nonelectrophilic human neutrophil elastase inhibitors that display improved stability and overall drug-like properties have been reported. The most advanced compound from these classes, AZD9668, has been reported to show significant effects on relevant biomarkers in bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis patient populations.
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12
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N-Acyl and N-sulfonyloxazolidine-2,4-diones are pseudo-irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3993-7. [PMID: 22595175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, inhibitory activity and mode of action of oxazolidine-2,4-diones against porcine pancreatic elastase, here used as a model for human neutrophil elastase, are reported. The nature of N-substitution at the oxazolidine-2,4-dione scaffold has large effect on the inhibitory potency against elastase. N-Acyl and N-sulfonyloxazolidine-2,4-diones emerged as potent pseudo-irreversible inhibitors, displaying high second-order rate constants for PPE inactivation. The title compounds were also shown to be potent inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and proteinase-3, and weak inhibitors of human cathepsin G. The results herein presented show that the oxazolidine-2,4-diones represent a new promising class of serine protease inhibitors.
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13
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Lancellotti S, De Filippis V, Pozzi N, Oggianu L, Rutella S, Scaglione GL, Maset F, Peyvandi F, Mannucci PM, De Cristofaro R. Oxidized von Willebrand factor is efficiently cleaved by serine proteases from primary granules of leukocytes: divergence from ADAMTS-13. J Thromb Haemost 2011; 9:1620-7. [PMID: 21605335 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The leukocyte serine proteases (LSPs) elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G cleave von Willebrand factor (VWF) near or at the same cleavage site (Tyr1605-Met1606) as ADAMTS-13, the metalloprotease that specifically controls the proteolytic processing of VWF. Recent studies have shown that oxidation of VWF at Met1606 with formation of methionine sulfoxide (MetSO) severely impairs its proteolysis by ADAMTS-13. METHODS This study was aimed at assessing whether or not oxidation of VWF by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can also affect its cleavage by elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G. In this study, the catalytic specificity of hydrolysis by LSPs of the VWF peptide substrate VWF74 and full-length VWF, both unaltered and in the oxidized form, was measured by RP-HPLC, electrophoretic and mass spectrometry methods. RESULTS LSPs cleaved both VWF multimers and VWF74 near or at the same peptide bond as is cleaved by ADAMTS-13, with k(cat)/K(m) values similar to those of the metalloprotease. However, unlike ADAMTS-13, cathepsin G cleaved VWF74 containing a MetSO residue at position 1606 with a k(cat)/K(m) value higher than that for VWF74, whereas the catalytic efficiencies of both elastase and proteinase 3 were unaffected by the replacement of Met1606 with MetSO. Likewise, oxidation of VWF multimers by hypochlorous acid and ROS, produced by activated leukocytes, improved their hydrolysis by LSPs. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation by leukocyte ROS has a net positive effect on the cleavage of VWF multimers by LSPs, under conditions where high concentrations of oxidant species would severely reduce the proteolytic efficiency of ADAMTS-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lancellotti
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, and Hemostasis Research Center, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
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14
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Estácio SG, Moreira R, Guedes RC. Characterizing the Dynamics and Ligand-Specific Interactions in the Human Leukocyte Elastase through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:1690-702. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200076k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia G. Estácio
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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15
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Lucas SD, Costa E, Guedes RC, Moreira R. Targeting COPD: advances on low-molecular-weight inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Med Res Rev 2011; 33 Suppl 1:E73-101. [PMID: 21681767 DOI: 10.1002/med.20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major increasing health problem and the World Health Organization (WHO) reports COPD as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. COPD refers to a condition of inflammation and progressive weakening of the structure of the lung as well as irreversible narrowing of the airways. Current treatment is only palliative and no available drug halts the progression of the disease. Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a serine protease, which plays a major role in the COPD inflammatory process. The protease/anti-protease imbalance leads to an excess of extracellular HNE hydrolyzing elastin, the structural protein that confers elasticity to the lung tissue. Although HNE was identified as a therapeutic target for COPD more than 30 years ago, only Sivelestat (ONO-5046), an HNE inhibitor from Ono Pharmaceutical, has been approved for clinical use. Nevertheless, Sivelestat is only approved in Japan and its development in the USA was terminated in 2003. Other inhibitors in pre-clinical or phase I trials were discontinued for various reasons. Hence, there is an urgent need for low-molecular-weight synthetic elastase inhibitors and the present review discusses the recent advances on this field covering acylating agents, transition-state inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, relevant natural products, and major patent disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana D Lucas
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences, iMed UL, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
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16
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Hansen G, Gielen-Haertwig H, Reinemer P, Schomburg D, Harrenga A, Niefind K. Unexpected active-site flexibility in the structure of human neutrophil elastase in complex with a new dihydropyrimidone inhibitor. J Mol Biol 2011; 409:681-91. [PMID: 21549129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a trypsin-type serine protease, is of pivotal importance in the onset and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD encompasses a group of slowly progressive respiratory disorders and is a major medical problem and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. HNE is a major target for the development of compounds that inhibit the progression of long-term lung function decline in COPD patients. Here, we present the three-dimensional structure of a potent dihydropyrimidone inhibitor (DHPI) non-covalently bound to HNE at a resolution of 2.0 Å. The inhibitor binds to the active site in a unique orientation addressing S1 and S2 subsites of the protease. To facilitate further analysis of this binding mode, we determined the structure of the uncomplexed enzyme at a resolution of 1.86 Å. Detailed comparisons of the HNE:DHPI complex with the uncomplexed HNE structure and published structures of other elastase:inhibitor complexes revealed that binding of DHPI leads to large conformational changes in residues located in the S2 subsite. The rearrangement of residues Asp95-Leu99B creates a deep, well-defined cavity, which is filled by the P2 moiety of the inhibitor molecule to almost perfect shape complementarity. The shape of the S2 subsite in complex with DHPI clearly differs from all other observed HNE structures. The observed structural flexibility of the S2 subsite is a key feature for the understanding of the binding mode of DHPIs in general and the development of new HNE selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Hansen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
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17
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Dou D, He G, Alliston KR, Groutas WC. Dual function inhibitors of relevance to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:3177-80. [PMID: 21511470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The general strategy and rationale underlying the design of COPD therapeutics that possess protease inhibitory activity and are also capable of releasing a species that attenuates inflammation by inhibiting caspase-1, are described. The synthesis and in vitro biochemical evaluation of a dual function molecule that sequentially inhibits HNE and caspase-1 in a time-dependent manner is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
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18
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Dou D, Viwanathan P, Li Y, He G, Alliston KR, Lushington GH, Brown-Clay JD, Padmanabhan R, Groutas WC. Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of potential West Nile virus protease inhibitors based on the 1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinoline scaffolds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 12:836-43. [PMID: 20882963 DOI: 10.1021/cc100091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The 1-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 1-Oxo-1, 2-dihydroisoquinoline scaffolds were utilized in the design and solution phase synthesis of focused libraries of compounds for screening against West Nile Virus (WNV) protease. Exploratory studies have led to the identification of a WNV protease inhibitor (a 1-oxo-1, 2-dihydroisoquinoline-based derivative, 12j) which could potentially serve as a launching pad for a hit-to-lead optimization campaign. The identified hit was devoid of any inhibitory activity toward a panel of mammalian serine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
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19
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Dou D, He G, Kuang R, Fu Q, Venkataraman R, Groutas WC. Effects of structure on inhibitory activity in a series of mechanism-based inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:6646-50. [PMID: 20728366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A structurally-diverse series of carboxylate derivatives based on the 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold were synthesized and used to probe the S' subsites of human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and neutrophil proteinase 3 (Pr 3). Several compounds are potent inhibitors of HNE but devoid of inhibitory activity toward Pr 3, suggesting that the S' subsites of HNE exhibit significant plasticity and can, unlike Pr 3, tolerate various large hydrophobic groups. The results provide a promising framework for the design of highly selective inhibitors of the two enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, United States
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20
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He G, Dou D, Wei L, Alliston KR, Groutas WC. Inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase based on a highly functionalized N-amino-4-imidazolidinone scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4280-7. [PMID: 20638756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds based on the N-amino-4-imidazolidinone scaffold was synthesized and screened against human neutrophil elastase (HNE). These studies lead to the identification of a selective, low micromolar reversible competitive inhibitor of HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijia He
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, 206 McKinley Hall, 1845 Fairmount, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
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21
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Hajjar E, Broemstrup T, Kantari C, Witko-Sarsat V, Reuter N. Structures of human proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase--so similar yet so different. FEBS J 2010; 277:2238-54. [PMID: 20423453 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase 3 and neutrophil elastase are serine proteinases of the polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which are considered to have both similar localization and ligand specificity because of their high sequence similarity. However, recent studies indicate that they might have different and yet complementary physiologic roles. Specifically, proteinase 3 has intracellular specific protein substrates resulting in its involvement in the regulation of intracellular functions such as proliferation or apoptosis. It behaves as a peripheral membrane protein and its membrane expression is a risk factor in chronic inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in contrast to human neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 is the preferred target antigen in Wegener's granulomatosis, a particular type of vasculitis. We review the structural basis for the different ligand specificities and membrane binding mechanisms of both enzymes, as well as the putative anti-neutrophil cytoplasm autoantibody epitopes on human neutrophil elastase 3. We also address the differences existing between murine and human enzymes, and their consequences with respect to the development of animal models for the study of human proteinase 3-related pathologies. By integrating the functional and the structural data, we assemble many pieces of a complicated puzzle to provide a new perspective on the structure-function relationship of human proteinase 3 and its interaction with membrane, partner proteins or cleavable substrates. Hence, precise and meticulous structural studies are essential tools for the rational design of specific proteinase 3 substrates or competitive ligands that modulate its activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hajjar
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Cagliari (CA), Italy
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22
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Dou D, Talaty ER, Moore CE, Bullinger JC, Eichhorn DM, Groutas WC. Formation of an unusual product in the reaction of a 1,2,5-thiadiazolidine 1,1-dioxide-derived thioether with sulfuryl chloride. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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23
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Li Y, Dou D, He G, Lushington GH, Groutas WC. Mechanism-based inhibitors of serine proteases with high selectivity through optimization of S' subsite binding. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3536-42. [PMID: 19394830 PMCID: PMC2853036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of mechanism-based inhibitors designed to interact with the S' subsites of serine proteases was synthesized and their inhibitory activity toward the closely-related serine proteases human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and proteinase 3 (PR 3) was investigated. The compounds were found to be time-dependent inhibitors of HNE and were devoid of any inhibitory activity toward PR 3. The results suggest that highly selective inhibitors of serine proteases whose primary substrate specificity and active sites are similar can be identified by exploiting differences in their S' subsites. The best inhibitor (compound 16) had a k(inact)/K(I) value of 4580 M(-1)s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Dengfeng Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Guijia He
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
| | - Gerald H. Lushington
- Molecular Graphics and Modeling Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - William C. Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260
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