1
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Nunes EAC, da Silva MC, Cardoso MH, Preza SLE, de Oliveira LS, Frihling BEF, Charneau SO, Grellier P, Franco OL, Migliolo L. Anti-Protozoan Activities of Polar Fish-Derived Polyalanine Synthetic Peptides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:434. [PMID: 37623715 PMCID: PMC10456387 DOI: 10.3390/md21080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, sleeping sickness and malaria are infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites that kill millions of people worldwide. Here, we performed in vitro assays of Pa-MAP, Pa-MAP1.9, and Pa-MAP2 synthetic polyalanine peptides derived from the polar fish Pleuronectes americanus toward Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei gambiense and Plasmodium falciparum activities. We demonstrated that the peptides Pa-MAP1.9 and Pa-MAP2 were effective to inhibit T. brucei growth. In addition, structural analyses using molecular dynamics (MD) studies showed that Pa-MAP2 penetrates deeper into the membrane and interacts more with phospholipids than Pa-MAP1.9, corroborating the previous in vitro results showing that Pa-MAP1.9 acts within the cell, while Pa-MAP2 acts via membrane lysis. In conclusion, polyalanine Pa-MAP1.9 and Pa-MAP2 presented activity against bloodstream forms of T. b. gambiense, thus encouraging further studies on the application of these peptides as a treatment for sleeping sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cláudia da Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57020-600, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
| | | | - Sébastien Olivier Charneau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
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2
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Asogwa FC, Izuchukwu UD, Louis H, Eze CC, Ekeleme CM, Ezugwu JA, Benjamin I, Attah SI, Agwamba EC, Ekoh OC, Adeyinka AS. Synthesis, Characterization and Theoretical Investigations on the Molecular Structure, Electronic Property and anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Benzenesulphonamide-Based Carboxamide and Its Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick C. Asogwa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Ugwu D. Izuchukwu
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Cosmas C. Eze
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu M. Ekeleme
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - James A. Ezugwu
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Benjamin
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon I. Attah
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ernest C. Agwamba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Clifford University, Owerrinta, Nigeria
| | - Ogechi C. Ekoh
- Department of Chemistry, Evangel University, Akaeze, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo S. Adeyinka
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Navarro M, Justo RMS, Delgado GYS, Visbal G. Metallodrugs for the Treatment of Trypanosomatid Diseases: Recent Advances and New Insights. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1763-1789. [PMID: 33185155 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201113104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomatid parasites are responsible for many Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). NTDs are a group of illnesses that prevail in low-income populations, such as in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. There are known drugs for the treatment of these diseases that are used extensively and are affordable; however, the use of these medicines is limited by several drawbacks such as the development of chemo-resistance, side effects such as cardiotoxicity, low selectivity, and others. Therefore, there is a need to develop new chemotherapeutic against these tropical parasitic diseases. Metal-based drugs against NTDs have been discussed over the years as alternative ways to overcome the difficulties presented by approved antiparasitic agents. The study of late transition metal-based drugs as chemotherapeutics is an exciting research field in chemistry, biology, and medicine due to the ability to develop multitarget antiparasitic agents. The evaluation of the late transition metal complexes for the treatment of trypanosomatid diseases is provided here, as well as some insights about their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Navarro
- Departamento de Quimica, Instituto de Ciencias Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M S Justo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Giset Y Sánchez Delgado
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gonzalo Visbal
- Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMETRO), Brazil
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4
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Silva DG, Junker A, de Melo SMG, Fumagalli F, Gillespie JR, Molasky N, Buckner FS, Matheeussen A, Caljon G, Maes L, Emery FS. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationships of Imidazopyridine/Pyrimidine- and Furopyridine-Based Anti-infective Agents against Trypanosomiases. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:966-975. [PMID: 33078573 PMCID: PMC8048860 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases remain among the most critical public health concerns in Africa and South America. The drug treatments for these diseases are limited, which invariably leads to fatal cases. Hence, there is an urgent need for new antitrypanosomal drugs. To address this issue, a large number of diverse heterocyclic compounds were prepared. Straightforward synthetic approaches tolerated pre-functionalized structures, giving rise to a structurally diverse set of analogs. We report on a set of 57 heterocyclic compounds with selective activity potential against kinetoplastid parasites. In general, 29 and 19 compounds of the total set could be defined as active against Trypanosoma cruzi and T. brucei brucei, respectively (antitrypanosomal activities <10 μM). The present work discusses the structure-activity relationships of new fused-ring scaffolds based on imidazopyridine/pyrimidine and furopyridine cores. This library of compounds shows significant potential for anti-trypanosomiases drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Silva
- QHeteM - Laboratório de Química Heterocíclica e Medicinal, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.,European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Junker
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westphalian Wilhelms-University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Shaiani M G de Melo
- QHeteM - Laboratório de Química Heterocíclica e Medicinal, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fumagalli
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde (CCS), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - J Robert Gillespie
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nora Molasky
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Flavio S Emery
- QHeteM - Laboratório de Química Heterocíclica e Medicinal, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
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5
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Chtita S, Ghamali M, Ousaa A, Aouidate A, Belhassan A, Taourati AI, Masand VH, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. QSAR study of anti-Human African Trypanosomiasis activity for 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives using DFT and Lipinski's descriptors. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01304. [PMID: 30899832 PMCID: PMC6407088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of sixty 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives with anti-Human African Trypanosomiasis (anti-HAT) activity has been studied by using the density functional theory (DFT) and statistical methods. Becke's three-parameter hybrid method and the Lee-Yang-Parr B3LYP functional employing 6-31G(d) basis set are used to calculate quantum chemical descriptors using Gaussian 03W software, and the five Lipinski's parameters were calculated using ChemOffice software. In order to obtain robust and reliable QSAR model, the original dataset was randomly divided into training and prediction sets comprising 48 and 12 compounds, respectively. An optimal model for the training set with significant statistical quality was established. The same model was further applied to predict pEC50 values of the 12 compounds in the test set, further showing that this QSAR model has high predictive ability. It is very interesting to find that the anti-HAT of these compounds appear to be mainly governed by four factors, i.e., the number of H-bond donors, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy, the molecular weight and the octanol/water partition coefficient. Here the possible action mechanism of these compounds was analysed and discussed, in particular, important structural requirements for great anti-HAT activity will be by increasing molecular size and substitute the 2-phenylimidazopyridines derivatives with polar, ionic, stronger accepting electron ability group and heteroatoms attached to one or more hydrogen atoms. Based on this proposed QSAR model, some new compounds with higher anti-HAT activities have been theoretically designed. Such results can offer useful theoretical references for future experimental works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Chtita
- Laboratory Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mounir Ghamali
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Abdellah Ousaa
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Adnane Aouidate
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Assia Belhassan
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- MEM, Department of Chemistry, High School of Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Vijay Hariram Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati College, Camp. Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- MEM, Department of Chemistry, High School of Technology, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- MCNSL, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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6
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Ong YC, Roy S, Andrews PC, Gasser G. Metal Compounds against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Chem Rev 2018; 119:730-796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yih Ching Ong
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Saonli Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Wintherthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip C. Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
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7
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Organometallic compounds in the discovery of new agents against kinetoplastid-caused diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:459-482. [PMID: 29908440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of safe and affordable antiparasitic agents effective against neglected tropical diseases is a big challenge of the drug discovery. The drugs currently employed have limitations such as poor efficacy, drug resistance or side effects. Thus, the search for new promising drugs is more and more crucial. Metal complexes and, in particular, organometallic compounds may expand the list of the drug candidates due to the peculiar attributes that the presence of the metal core add to the organic fragment (e.g., redox and structural features, ability to interact with DNA or protein targets, etc.). To date, most organometallic compounds tested as anti-neglected tropical diseases are based on similarities or activity of the organic ligands against other diseases or parasites and/or consist in modification of existing drugs combining the features of the metal moiety and the organic ligands. This review focuses on recent studies (2012-2017) on organometallic compounds in treating kinetoplastid-caused diseases such as Human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. This field of research, however, still lacks exhaustive studies to identify of parasitic targets and quantitative structure-activity relationships for a rational drug design.
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8
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Sales Junior PA, Molina I, Fonseca Murta SM, Sánchez-Montalvá A, Salvador F, Corrêa-Oliveira R, Carneiro CM. Experimental and Clinical Treatment of Chagas Disease: A Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1289-1303. [PMID: 29016289 PMCID: PMC5817734 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi that infects a broad range of triatomines and mammalian species, including man. It afflicts 8 million people in Latin America, and its incidence is increasing in nonendemic countries owing to rising international immigration and nonvectorial transmission routes such as blood donation. Since the 1960s, the only drugs available for the clinical treatment of this infection have been benznidazole (BZ) and nifurtimox (NFX). Treatment with these trypanocidal drugs is recommended in both the acute and chronic phases of CD. These drugs have low cure rates mainly during the chronic phase, in addition both drugs present side effects that may result in the interruption of the treatment. Thus, more efficient and better-tolerated new drugs or pharmaceutical formulations containing BZ or NFX are urgently needed. Here, we review the drugs currently used for CD chemotherapy, ongoing clinical assays, and most-promising new experimental drugs. In addition, the mechanism of action of the commercially available drugs, NFX and BZ, the biodistribution of the latter, and the potential for novel formulations of BZ based on nanotechnology are discussed. Taken together, the literature emphasizes the urgent need for new therapies for acute and chronic CD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Israel Molina
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Adrián Sánchez-Montalvá
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Corrêa-Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Vinuesa T, Herráez R, Oliver L, Elizondo E, Acarregui A, Esquisabel A, Pedraz JL, Ventosa N, Veciana J, Viñas M. Benznidazole Nanoformulates: A Chance to Improve Therapeutics for Chagas Disease. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:1469-1476. [PMID: 29016287 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes the characterization of various encapsulated formulations of benznidazole, the current first-line drug for the treatment of Chagas disease. Given the adverse effects of benznidazole, safer formulations of this drug have a great interest. In fact, treatment of Chagas disease with benznidazole has to be discontinued in as much as 20% of cases due to side effects. Furthermore, modification of delivery and formulations could have potential effects on the emergence of drug resistance. The trypanocidal activity of new nanostructured formulations of benznidazole to eliminate Trypanosoma cruzi was studied in vitro as well as their toxicity in two cultured mammalian cell lines (HepG2 and Fibroblasts). Nanoparticles tested included nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, quatsomes, and cyclodextrins. The in vitro cytotoxicity of cyclodextrins-benznidazole complexes was significantly lower than that of free benznidazole, whereas their trypanocidal activity was not hampered. These results suggest that nanostructured particles may offer improved therapeutics for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vinuesa
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Herráez
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Oliver
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Elizondo
- Ciber-BBN (Nanomol), Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Argia Acarregui
- Ciber-BBN (NanoBioCel), Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Amaia Esquisabel
- Ciber-BBN (NanoBioCel), Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- Ciber-BBN (NanoBioCel), Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Ciber-BBN (Nanomol), Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Ciber-BBN (Nanomol), Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic Materials, Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Synthesis, crystal structure, catalytic and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of a new chromium(III) complex containing bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Fandzloch M, Arriaga JMM, Sánchez-Moreno M, Wojtczak A, Jezierska J, Sitkowski J, Wiśniewska J, Salas JM, Łakomska I. Strategies for overcoming tropical disease by ruthenium complexes with purine analog: Application against Leishmania spp. and Trypanosoma cruzi. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 176:144-155. [PMID: 28910663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tropical diseases currently constitute a major health problem and thus a challenge in the field of drug discovery. The current treatments show serious disadvantages due to cost, toxicity, long therapy duration and resistance, and the use of metal complexes as chemotherapeutic agents against these ailments appears to be a very attractive alternative. Herein, we describe three newly synthesized ruthenium complexes with a bioactive molecule, the purine analogue 5,6,7-trimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (tmtp): cis,fac-[RuCl2(dmso)3(tmtp)] (1), mer-[RuCl3(dmso)(H2O)(tmtp)]·2H2O (2) and fac,cis-[RuCl3(H2O)(tmtp)2] (3). Their structures were characterized using X-ray and spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR or EPR). The stability of the synthesized complexes 1-3 in various buffered solutions (pH=3-7.4) was monitored using conventional and stopped-flow techniques. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of all ruthenium complexes against promastigote forms of Leishmania spp. (L. infantum, L. braziliensis, and L. donovani) and epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated. Notably, the results showed that the activity of 1 against L. brasiliensis was more than three-fold higher than that of glucantime, and 1 showed no appreciable toxicity towards J774.2 macrophages. Additionally, 2 displayed even 141-fold lower toxicity against host cells than glucantime, demonstrating significantly higher selectivity than the reference drug. Therefore, 1 and 2 appear to be excellent candidates for further development as potential drugs for the effective treatment of leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. All novel complexes were also shown to be potent inhibitors of Fe-SOD in the studied species, while their effects on human CuZn-SOD were very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Fandzloch
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez-Moreno
- Department of Parasitology, University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andrzej Wojtczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Julia Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sitkowski
- National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warszawa, Poland; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Juan Manuel Salas
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Granada, Severo Ochoa s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Iwona Łakomska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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12
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Silva DG, Gillespie JR, Ranade RM, Herbst ZM, Nguyen UTT, Buckner FS, Montanari CA, Gelb MH. New Class of Antitrypanosomal Agents Based on Imidazopyridines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:766-770. [PMID: 28740614 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the synthesis of 22 new imidazopyridine analogues arising from medicinal chemistry optimization at different sites on the molecule. Seven and 12 compounds exhibited an in vitro EC50 ≤ 1 μM against Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) and Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) parasites, respectively. Based on promising results of in vitro activity (EC50 < 100 nM), cytotoxicity, metabolic stability, protein binding, and pharmacokinetics (PK) properties, compound 20 was selected as a candidate for in vivo efficacy studies. This compound was screened in an acute mouse model against T.cruzi (Tulahuen strain). After established infection, mice were dosed twice a day for 5 days, and then monitored for 6 weeks using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). Compound 20 demonstrated parasite inhibition comparable to the benznidazole treatment group. Compound 20 represents a potential lead for the development of drugs to treat trypanosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Silva
- Grupo
de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos 13566-590, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos A. Montanari
- Grupo
de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos 13566-590, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Carlos, São Paulo Brazil
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13
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Barbosa MIF, Correa RS, Bastos TM, Pozzi LV, Moreira DRM, Ellena J, Doriguetto AC, Silveira RG, Oliveira CR, Kuznetsov AE, Malta VS, Soares MBP, Batista AA. Structural isomerism of Ru(ii)-carbonyl complexes: synthesis, characterization and their antitrypanosomal activities. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00125h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
New complexes with the formula [RuCl(CO)(dppb)(N–N)]PF6 were prepared by varying the CO position as well as the diimine ligand.
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14
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de Oliveira RS, Boffo EF, Reis FC, Nikolaou S, Andriani KF, Caramori GF, Doro FG. A ruthenium polypyridyl complex with the antihypertensive drug valsartan: Synthesis, theoretical calculations and interaction studies with human serum albumin. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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The characterization of anti-T. cruzi activity relationships between ferrocenyl, cyrhetrenyl complexes and ROS release. Biometals 2016; 29:743-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9953-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: an update on therapeutics, prophylaxis and diagnosis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:465-81. [PMID: 25707979 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. After a mostly clinically silent acute phase, the disease becomes a lifelong chronic condition that can lead to chronic heart failure and thromboembolic phenomena followed by sudden death. Antichagasic treatment is only effective in the acute phase but fails to eradicate the intracellular form of parasites and causes severe toxicity in adults. Although conventional oral benznidazol is not a safe and efficient drug to cure chronic adult patients, current preclinical data is insufficient to envisage if conventional antichagasic treatment could be realistically improved by a nanomedical approach. This review will discuss how nanomedicines could help to improve the performance of therapeutics, vaccines and diagnosis of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Programa de Nanomedicinas, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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de Andrade P, Galo OA, Carvalho MR, Lopes CD, Carneiro ZA, Sesti-Costa R, de Melo EB, Silva JS, Carvalho I. 1,2,3-Triazole-based analogue of benznidazole displays remarkable activity against Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6815-26. [PMID: 26476667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The current treatment of Chagas disease is based on the use of two drugs, nifurtimox and benznidazole, which present limited efficacy in the chronic stage of the disease and toxic side effects. Although some progress has been made in the development of new drugs to treat this disease, the discovery of novel compounds is urgently required. In this work we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2,3-triazole-based analogues of benznidazole. A small series of 27 compounds was successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (RuAAC) from N-benzyl-2-azidoacetamide (1) and a set of commercial terminal alkynes. Analogues 24 (IC50 40 μM) and 28 (IC50 50 μM) showed comparable activities to benznidazole (IC50 34 μM) against trypomastigote form and analogue 15 (IC50 7 μM) was found to be the most active. Regarding the cytotoxicity assessment of the series, most compounds were not cytotoxic. This work shows that the designed strategy is efficiently capable of generating novel benzindazole analogues and reveals one analogue is more active than benznidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peterson de Andrade
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo A Galo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Carla D Lopes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Zumira A Carneiro
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Borges de Melo
- School of Pharmacy, Western Parana State University, Rua Universitária, 2069, Cascavel, PR 85819-110, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ivone Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil.
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18
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Rodríguez Arce E, Sarniguet C, Moraes TS, Vieites M, Tomaz AI, Medeiros A, Comini MA, Varela J, Cerecetto H, González M, Marques F, García MH, Otero L, Gambino D. A new ruthenium cyclopentadienyl azole compound with activity on tumor cell lines and trypanosomatid parasites. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1062480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rodríguez Arce
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cynthia Sarniguet
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tania S. Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, CCMM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marisol Vieites
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Isabel Tomaz
- Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, CCMM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A. Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Varela
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mercedes González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Grupo de Química Medicinal, Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C2TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Helena García
- Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, CCMM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lucía Otero
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Facultad de Química, Departamento Estrella Campos, Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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19
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Fernández M, Arce ER, Sarniguet C, Morais TS, Tomaz AI, Azar CO, Figueroa R, Diego Maya J, Medeiros A, Comini M, Helena Garcia M, Otero L, Gambino D. Novel ruthenium(II) cyclopentadienyl thiosemicarbazone compounds with antiproliferative activity on pathogenic trypanosomatid parasites. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 153:306-314. [PMID: 26275470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Searching for new prospective antitrypanosomal agents, three novel Ru(II)-cyclopentadienyl compounds, [Ru(η(5)-C5H5)(PPh3)L], with HL=bioactive 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazones were synthesized and characterized in the solid state and in solution. The compounds were evaluated in vitro on the blood circulating trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi (Dm28c strain), the infective form of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (strain 427) and on J774 murine macrophages and human-derived EA.hy926 endothelial cells. The compounds were active against both parasites with IC50 values in the micromolar or submicromolar range. Interestingly, they are much more active on T. cruzi than previously developed Ru(II) classical and organometallic compounds with the same bioactive ligands. The new compounds showed moderate to very good selectivity towards the parasites in respect to mammalian cells. The global results point at [RuCp(PPh3)L2] (L2=N-methyl derivative of 5-nitrofuryl containing thiosemicarbazone and Cp=cyclopentadienyl) as the most promising compound for further developments (IC50T. cruzi=0.41μM; IC50T. brucei brucei=3.5μM). Moreover, this compound shows excellent selectivity towards T. cruzi (SI>49) and good selectivity towards T. brucei brucei (SI>6). In order to get insight into the mechanism of antiparasitic action, the intracellular free radical production capacity of the new compounds was assessed by ESR. DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pirroline-N-oxide) spin adducts related to the bioreduction of the complexes and to redox cycling processes were characterized. In addition, DNA competitive binding studies with ethidium bromide by fluorescence measurements showed that the compounds interact with this biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernández
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Esteban Rodríguez Arce
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Cynthia Sarniguet
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Tomaz
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Claudio Olea Azar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Figueroa
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Diego Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Medeiros
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo Comini
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Helena Garcia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Dinorah Gambino
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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20
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Antitubercular activity of Ru (II) isoniazid complexes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 70:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, and Antimicrobial Studies of Iron (III) Complexes of Ciprofloxacin, Cloxacillin, and Amoxicillin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:735602. [PMID: 25505991 PMCID: PMC4258349 DOI: 10.1155/2014/735602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Iron (III) complexes of ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin were synthesized and their aqueous solubility profiles, relative stabilities, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The complexes showed improved aqueous solubility when compared to the corresponding ligands. Relative thermal and acid stabilities were determined spectrophotometrically and the results showed that the complexes have enhanced thermal and acid stabilities when compared to the pure ligands. Antimicrobial studies showed that the complexes have decreased activities against most of the tested microorganisms. Ciprofloxacin complex, however, showed almost the same activity as the corresponding ligand. Job's method of continuous variation suggested 1 : 2 metals to ligand stoichiometry for ciprofloxacin complex but 1 : 1 for cloxacillin complex.
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22
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Sesti-Costa R, Carneiro ZA, Silva MC, Santos M, Silva GK, Milanezi C, da Silva RS, Silva JS. Ruthenium complex with benznidazole and nitric oxide as a new candidate for the treatment of chagas disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3207. [PMID: 25275456 PMCID: PMC4183476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease remains a serious medical and social problem in Latin America and is an emerging concern in nonendemic countries as a result of population movement, transfusion of infected blood or organs and congenital transmission. The current treatment of infected patients is unsatisfactory due to strain-specific drug resistance and the side effects of the current medications. For this reason, the discovery of safer and more effective chemotherapy is mandatory for the successful treatment and future eradication of Chagas disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS We investigated the effect of a ruthenium complex with benznidazole and nitric oxide (RuBzNO2) against Trypanosoma cruzi both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that RuBzNO2 was more effective than the same concentrations of benznidazole (Bz) in eliminating both the extracellular trypomastigote and the intracellular amastigote forms of the parasite, with no cytotoxic effect in mouse cells. In vivo treatment with the compound improved the survival of infected mice, inhibiting heart damage more efficiently than Bz alone. Accordingly, tissue inflammation and parasitism was significantly diminished after treatment with RuBzNO2 in a more effective manner than that with the same concentrations of Bz. CONCLUSIONS The complexation of Bz with ruthenium and nitric oxide (RuBzNO2) increases its effectiveness against T. cruzi and enables treatment with lower concentrations of the compound, which may reduce the side effects of Bz. Our findings provide a new potential candidate for the treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sesti-Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zumira A. Carneiro
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíta Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grace K. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Milanezi
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto S. da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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23
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Truzzi DR, Franco DW. trans -[Ru(NO)(NH 3 )P(O − )(OEt) 2 ] 2+ : A new and robust NO/HNO-donor in aqueous media. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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24
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Nitro/nitrosyl-ruthenium complexes are potent and selective anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents causing autophagy and necrotic parasite death. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:6044-55. [PMID: 25092707 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02765-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
cis-[RuCl(NO2)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)] (complex 1), cis-[Ru(NO2)2(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)] (complex 2), ct-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)](PF6)2 (complex 3), and cc-[RuCl(NO)(dppb)(5,5'-mebipy)](PF6)2 (complex 4), where 5,5'-mebipy is 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine and dppb is 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, were synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 2 was determined by X-ray crystallography. These complexes exhibited a higher anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity than benznidazole, the current antiparasitic drug. Complex 3 was the most potent, displaying a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 2.1 ± 0.6 μM against trypomastigotes and a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 1.3 ± 0.2 μM against amastigotes, while it displayed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 51.4 ± 0.2 μM in macrophages. It was observed that the nitrosyl complex 3, but not its analog lacking the nitrosyl group, releases nitric oxide into parasite cells. This release has a diminished effect on the trypanosomal protease cruzain but induces substantial parasite autophagy, which is followed by a series of irreversible morphological impairments to the parasites and finally results in cell death by necrosis. In infected mice, orally administered complex 3 (five times at a dose of 75 μmol/kg of body weight) reduced blood parasitemia and increased the survival rate of the mice. Combination index analysis of complex 3 indicated that its in vitro activity against trypomastigotes is synergic with benznidazole. In addition, drug combination enhanced efficacy in infected mice, suggesting that ruthenium-nitrosyl complexes are potential constituents for drug combinations.
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25
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Metzker G, de Aguiar I, Souza ML, Cardoso DR, Franco DW. Reaction of ruthenium(II) complexes with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and hydroxyl radicals. CAN J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the complexes trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4L] and [RuII(NO+)HEDTA] with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and hydroxyl (OH•) radicals has been investigated at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C using spectroscopic (UV-vis and electron paramagnetic resonance) and electrochemical techniques (differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry). The redox potential of RuIII/RuII for the ruthenium nitrosyl complexes was determined and is in the range of +2.2 V (L = HEDTA) to +2.6 V (L = isn) versus the normal hydrogen electrode . The trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4L]3+ and [RuII(NO+)HEDTA] complexes do not react with the DPPH• radical in aqueous solution at pH = 3.0. However, the corresponding aquo species, trans-[RuII(H2O)(NH3)4L]2+ and [RuII(H2O)HEDTA]+, respectively, react quantitatively, resulting in metal center oxidation. The trans-[RuII(NO+)(NH3)4L]3+ and [RuII(NO+)HEDTA] complexes react with OH• through a complicated pathway that leads to metal center oxidation followed by a series of secondary reactions. In addition to acting as NO donors, after their reduction, these ruthenium(II) nitrosyl complexes exhibit, through their generated aquo species, a radical scavenging ability, which is important for better understanding the already proven biological activity of these ruthenium nitrosyls in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Metzker
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil. Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, Centro. São Carlos-SP
| | - Inara de Aguiar
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil. Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, Centro. São Carlos-SP
| | - Maykon Lima Souza
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil. Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, Centro. São Carlos-SP
| | - Daniel Rodrigues Cardoso
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil. Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, Centro. São Carlos-SP
| | - Douglas Wagner Franco
- Chemistry Institute of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, Brazil. Av. Trabalhador São-carlense 400, Centro. São Carlos-SP
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26
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Lo Presti MS, Esteves BH, Moya D, Bazán PC, Strauss M, Báez AL, Pizzi R, Quispe Ricalde MA, Valladares B, Rivarola HW, Paglini-Oliva PA. Circulating Trypanosoma cruzi populations differ from those found in the tissues of the same host during acute experimental infection. Acta Trop 2014; 133:98-109. [PMID: 24560963 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the presence and distribution of two Trypanosoma cruzi natural isolates in blood, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and spleen tissues in the acute phase of the experimental infection (35 days postinfection) in order to determine if the populations present in blood were different to those found in the tissues of the same host. Thirty mice were infected with 50 forms of each isolate or with a combination of them. Presence and molecular characterization of the parasites in the host tissues were determined by specific PCR. Cardiac and skeletal muscle alterations were analyzed by histological studies. T. cruzi variability in the host tissues was analyzed through RFLP studies. Both isolates used consisted of a mixture of two T. cruzi lineages. Specific PCRs were positive for most of the samples from the 3 groups analyzed. Cardiac and skeletal muscle sections from the groups infected with one isolate presented mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrates; the group infected with both isolates showed severe inflammatory infiltrates and the presence of amastigote nests in both tissues. Different parasite populations were found in circulation and in the tissues from the same host. These results are important for patients with high probability of mixed infections in endemic areas and contribute to the knowledge of parasite/host interactions.
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27
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Optical absorption of the antitrypanocidal drug benznidazole in water. Molecules 2014; 19:4145-56. [PMID: 24699154 PMCID: PMC6271472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-vis optical absorption spectra of the antitrypanocidal drug benznidazole solvated in water were measured for various concentrations. The spectra show a prominent peak around 3.80 eV, while deconvolution of the UV-vis optical absorption spectra revealed six bands centered at 3.60, 3.83, 4.15, 4.99, 5.60, and 5.76 eV. Benznidazole electronic transitions were obtained after density functional theory (DFT) calculations within the polarized continuum (PCM) model for water solvation. Molecular geometry optimizations were carried out, and the measured absorption peaks were related to specific molecular orbital transitions obtained within the time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) with excellent agreement between theory and experiment.
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Integration of methods in cheminformatics and biocalorimetry for the design of trypanosomatid enzyme inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2014; 6:17-33. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The enzyme GAPDH, which acts in the glycolytic pathway, is seen as a potential target for pharmaceutical intervention of Chagas disease. Results: Herein, we report the discovery of new Trypanosoma cruzi GAPDH (TcGAPDH) inhibitors from target- and ligand-based virtual screening protocols using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular dynamics. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to gain insight on the binding poses of newly identified inhibitors acting at the TcGAPDH substrate (G3P) site. Conclusion: Nequimed125, the most potent inhibitor to act upon TcGAPDH so far, which sits on the G3P site without any contact with the co-factor (NAD+) site, underpins the result obtained by ITC that it is a G3P-competitive inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulation provides biding poses of TcGAPDH inhibitors that correlate with mechanisms of inhibition observed by ITC. Overall, a new class of dihydroindole compounds that act upon TcGAPDH through a competitive mechanism of inhibition as proven by ITC measurements also kills T. cruzi.
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Wiggers HJ, Rocha JR, Fernandes WB, Sesti-Costa R, Carneiro ZA, Cheleski J, da Silva ABF, Juliano L, Cezari MHS, Silva JS, McKerrow JH, Montanari CA. Non-peptidic cruzain inhibitors with trypanocidal activity discovered by virtual screening and in vitro assay. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2370. [PMID: 23991231 PMCID: PMC3750009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A multi-step cascade strategy using integrated ligand- and target-based virtual screening methods was developed to select a small number of compounds from the ZINC database to be evaluated for trypanocidal activity. Winnowing the database to 23 selected compounds, 12 non-covalent binding cruzain inhibitors with affinity values (Ki) in the low micromolar range (3–60 µM) acting through a competitive inhibition mechanism were identified. This mechanism has been confirmed by determining the binding mode of the cruzain inhibitor Nequimed176 through X-ray crystallographic studies. Cruzain, a validated therapeutic target for new chemotherapy for Chagas disease, also shares high similarity with the mammalian homolog cathepsin L. Because increased activity of cathepsin L is related to invasive properties and has been linked to metastatic cancer cells, cruzain inhibitors from the same library were assayed against it. Affinity values were in a similar range (4–80 µM), yielding poor selectivity towards cruzain but raising the possibility of investigating such inhibitors for their effect on cell proliferation. In order to select the most promising enzyme inhibitors retaining trypanocidal activity for structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, the most potent cruzain inhibitors were assayed against T. cruzi-infected cells. Two compounds were found to have trypanocidal activity. Using compound Nequimed42 as precursor, an SAR was established in which the 2-acetamidothiophene-3-carboxamide group was identified as essential for enzyme and parasite inhibition activities. The IC50 value for compound Nequimed42 acting against the trypomastigote form of the Tulahuen lacZ strain was found to be 10.6±0.1 µM, tenfold lower than that obtained for benznidazole, which was taken as positive control. In addition, by employing the strategy of molecular simplification, a smaller compound derived from Nequimed42 with a ligand efficiency (LE) of 0.33 kcal mol−1 atom−1 (compound Nequimed176) is highlighted as a novel non-peptidic, non-covalent cruzain inhibitor as a trypanocidal agent candidate for optimization. Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) is a parasitic infection that kills millions of mostly poverty-stricken people in Latin America. In recent years it has also spread to nonendemic countries – the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia and Japan – as a result of immigration. The only available drugs for its treatment were introduced more than forty years ago, have low efficacy, and cause various severe side effects. This dire public health situation has prompted us to search for new small molecules to act as drug candidates to treat Chagas disease. The T. cruzi enzyme cruzain, a key biological catalyst used by the protozoan to digest host proteins, is a validated drug target for Chagas disease. By combining in silico molecular design, X-ray crystallography and biological screening, we found a new class of non-covalent small molecules that inhibit cruzain in low micromolar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helton J. Wiggers
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josmar R. Rocha
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William B. Fernandes
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of California San Francisco, Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Department of Pathology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Renata Sesti-Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zumira A. Carneiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cheleski
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Albérico B. F. da Silva
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Juliano
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria H. S. Cezari
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James H. McKerrow
- University of California San Francisco, Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases (CDIPD), Department of Pathology, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JHM); (CAM)
| | - Carlos A. Montanari
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Grupo de Química Medicinal do IQSC/USP, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JHM); (CAM)
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Soares FA, Sesti-Costa R, da Silva JS, de Souza MCB, Ferreira VF, da C. Santos F, Monteiro PA, Leitão A, Montanari CA. Molecular design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline ribonucleosides as TcGAPDH inhibitors with trypanocidal activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4597-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Martins-Teixeira MB, Campo VL, Biondo M, Sesti-Costa R, Carneiro ZA, Silva JS, Carvalho I. α-Selective glycosylation affords mucin-related GalNAc amino acids and diketopiperazines active on Trypanosoma cruzi. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1978-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chohan ZH, Hernandes MZ, Sensato FR, Moreira DRM, Pereira VRA, Neves JKDAL, de Oliveira AP, de Oliveira BC, Leite ACL. Sulfonamide-metal complexes endowed with potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:230-6. [PMID: 23432595 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.766608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe that mononuclear complexes composed of (5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)aminobenzenesulfonamides (L1-3) of general formula (L2(M)2H2O, where M is Co, Cu, Zn, Ni or Mn) reduced epimastigote proliferation and were found cidal for trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. Complexes C5 and C11 have IC50 of 2.7 ± 0.27 and 4.8 ± 0.47 µM, respectively, for trypomastigotes, when the positive control Nifurtimox, which is also an approved drug for Chagas disease, showed IC50 of 2.7 ± 0.25 µM. We tested whether these complexes inhibit the enzyme T. cruzi trypanothione reductase or acting as DNA binders. While none of these complexes inhibited trypanothione reductase, we observed some degree of DNA binding, albeit less pronounced than observed for cisplatin in this assay. Unfortunately, most of these complexes were also toxic for mouse splenocytes. Along with the present studies, we discuss a number of interesting structure-activity relationships and chemical features for these metal complexes, including computational calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid H Chohan
- Department of Chemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
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Gambino D, Otero L. Perspectives on what ruthenium-based compounds could offer in the development of potential antiparasitic drugs. Inorganica Chim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2012.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Design, synthesis and the effect of 1,2,3-triazole sialylmimetic neoglycoconjugates on Trypanosoma cruzi and its cell surface trans-sialidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:145-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sá-Barreto LCL, Gustmann PC, Garcia FS, Maximiano FP, Novack KM, Cunha-Filho MSS. Modulated dissolution rate from the inclusion complex of antichagasic benznidazole and cyclodextrin using hydrophilic polymer. Pharm Dev Technol 2011; 18:1035-41. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2011.644299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Salomon CJ. First century of Chagas' disease: an overview on novel approaches to nifurtimox and benzonidazole delivery systems. J Pharm Sci 2011; 101:888-94. [PMID: 22161779 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hundred years after the discovery of Chagas' disease, there is a lack of effective treatment to control this neglected disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The transmission is primarily through vector-borne blood transfusion or during pregnancy, producing high mortality and morbidity among poor people in many countries of Latin America. In the last decades, the efforts have been focused mainly on the elimination of vectors. At the same time, screening of blood donors in order to avoid transfusional transmission has been improved all over the world. However, Chagas' disease is still a major public health problem, with estimates of nearly 90 million people at risk of infection and more than eight million infected in 18 endemic countries. Despite the high incidence in endemic regions and the dissemination of neglected diseases in North America and Europe, to date, there are only two drugs developed and prescribed for the treatment of Chagas' disease, nifurtimox (tablets of 120 mg) and benzonidazole (tablets of 100 mg). In this review, different approaches carried out in the last decades for developing novel pharmaceutical formulations for the delivery of nifurtimox and benznidazole are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio J Salomon
- Area Técnica Farmacéutica, Departamento Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Suipacha 531, 2000. Universidad Nacional de Rosario, IQUIR-CONICET, Rosario, Argentina.
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Study of benznidazole–cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, cytotoxicity and trypanocidal activity. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-011-0077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Benznidazole microcrystal preparation by solvent change precipitation and in vivo evaluation in the treatment of Chagas disease. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:377-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Castro SL, Batista DGJ, Batista MM, Batista W, Daliry A, de Souza EM, Menna-Barreto RFS, Oliveira GM, Salomão K, Silva CF, Silva PB, Soeiro MDNC. Experimental Chemotherapy for Chagas Disease: A Morphological, Biochemical, and Proteomic Overview of Potential Trypanosoma cruzi Targets of Amidines Derivatives and Naphthoquinones. Mol Biol Int 2011; 2011:306928. [PMID: 22091400 PMCID: PMC3195292 DOI: 10.4061/2011/306928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects approximately eight million individuals in Latin America and is emerging in nonendemic areas due to the globalisation of immigration and nonvectorial transmission routes. Although CD represents an important public health problem, resulting in high morbidity and considerable mortality rates, few investments have been allocated towards developing novel anti-T. cruzi agents. The available therapy for CD is based on two nitro derivatives (benznidazole (Bz) and nifurtimox (Nf)) developed more than four decades ago. Both are far from ideal due to substantial secondary side effects, limited efficacy against different parasite isolates, long-term therapy, and their well-known poor activity in the late chronic phase. These drawbacks justify the urgent need to identify better drugs to treat chagasic patients. Although several classes of natural and synthetic compounds have been reported to act in vitro and in vivo on T. cruzi, since the introduction of Bz and Nf, only a few drugs, such as allopurinol and a few sterol inhibitors, have moved to clinical trials. This reflects, at least in part, the absence of well-established universal protocols to screen and compare drug activity. In addition, a large number of in vitro studies have been conducted using only epimastigotes and trypomastigotes instead of evaluating compounds' activities against intracellular amastigotes, which are the reproductive forms in the vertebrate host and are thus an important determinant in the selection and identification of effective compounds for further in vivo analysis. In addition, due to pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics, several compounds that were promising in vitro have not been as effective as Nf or Bz in animal models of T. cruzi infection. In the last two decades, our team has collaborated with different medicinal chemistry groups to develop preclinical studies for CD and investigate the in vitro and in vivo efficacy, toxicity, selectivity, and parasite targets of different classes of natural and synthetic compounds. Some of these results will be briefly presented, focusing primarily on diamidines and related compounds and naphthoquinone derivatives that showed the most promising efficacy against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange L. de Castro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise G. J. Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos M. Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elen M. de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rubem F. S. Menna-Barreto
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel M. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kelly Salomão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiane F. Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia B. Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré C. Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Maximiano FP, Costa GHY, de Sá Barreto LCL, Bahia MT, Cunha-Filho MSS. Development of effervescent tablets containing benznidazole complexed with cyclodextrin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:786-93. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Benznidazole (BNZ), the primary chemotherapy agent used to treat Chagas disease, has poor aqueous solubility, which results in low bioavailability. The purpose of this work was to develop stable effervescent tablets using an inclusion complex of BNZ with cyclodextrin (CD).
Method
In the first phase, different CDs were evaluated according to their ability to improve the aqueous solubility of BNZ. Then, inclusion complexes of BNZ in the solid state were produced by the kneading method and the complexes were evaluated using several physical–chemical assays. Finally, effervescent tablets were prepared according to a complete 32 factorial design. The effects of the concentration of CD and effervescent mixture on the dissolution rate and physical stability of tablets were evaluated.
Key findings
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin produced the greatest improvement in the aqueous solubility of BNZ, almost 20-times greater than the water system. Solid systems produced with BNZ and CD showed physical–chemical interactions and increased the drug dissolution rate, suggesting the formation of a true solid inclusion complex. Moreover, the effervescent matrix of the tablets was effective in improving the dissolution behaviour of BNZ complexed with CD.
Conclusions
Effervescent tablets produced using an inclusion complex of BNZ with CD suggest a possible improvement in the bioavailability of BNZ, and this could represent a relevant advance in Chagas therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Pires Maximiano
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Rua Costa Sena, Centro, Ouro Preto-MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Cristina Lira de Sá Barreto
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, Setor Industrial, Sinop-MT, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, ICEB, Bauxita, Ouro Preto-MG, Brazil
| | - Marcílio S S Cunha-Filho
- Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Universitário de Sinop, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Avenida Alexandre Ferronato, Setor Industrial, Sinop-MT, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The need for better drugs to treat patients with Chagas disease remains urgent. This review summarizes the advancements in drug development over the past 2 years. RECENT FINDINGS Drug development efforts are almost exclusively occurring as preclinical research, although phase II studies for the antifungal drug, posaconazole, and a prodrug of ravuconazole are being planned. Several recent laboratory investigations demonstrate anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of novel small molecules in animal models. These include nonpeptidic cruzain inhibitors, novel inhibitors of the sterol 14α-demethylase enzyme, new compounds (arylimidamides) related to pentamidine, derivatives of nifurtimox, compounds using ruthenium complexes, and several natural products. The recent implementation of a high-throughput screen of more than 300 000 compounds against intracellular T. cruzi amastigotes done at the Broad Institute is an important development, yielding approximately 300 selective inhibitors, many of which may serve as leads for medicinal chemistry efforts. SUMMARY Progress is slow, but recent advancements in both drug development and advocacy for research on neglected diseases are encouraging. Efforts to define a target product profile and to harmonize methodologies for testing drugs for Chagas disease are described herein.
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González M, Cerecetto H. Novel compounds to combat trypanosomatid infections: a medicinal chemical perspective. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2011; 21:699-715. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.565334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Truzzi DR, Ferreira AG, da Silva SC, Castellano EE, Chagas Alves Lima FD, Franco DW. Nitrosyl induces phosphorous-acid dissociation in ruthenium(ii). Dalton Trans 2011; 40:12917-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10936g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Maia PIDS, Fernandes AGDA, Silva JJN, Andricopulo AD, Lemos SS, Lang ES, Abram U, Deflon VM. Dithiocarbazate complexes with the [M(PPh3)]2+ (M═Pd or Pt) moiety. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:1276-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Urbina JA. Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: relevance, current limitations and new approaches. Acta Trop 2010; 115:55-68. [PMID: 19900395 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 10/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A critical review of the development of specific chemotherapeutic approaches for the management of American Trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease is presented, including controversies on the pathogenesis of the disease, the initial efforts that led to the development of currently available drugs (nifurtimox and benznidazole), limitations of these therapies and novel approaches for the development of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs, based on our growing understanding of the biology of this parasite. Among the later, the most promising approaches are ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as posaconazole and ravuconazole, poised to enter clinical trials for chronic Chagas disease in the short term; inhibitors of cruzipain, the main cysteine protease of T. cruzi, essential for its survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo; bisphosphonates, metabolic stable pyrophosphate analogs that have trypanocidal activity through the inhibition of the parasite's farnesyl-pyrophosphate synthase or hexokinase; inhibitors of trypanothione synthesis and redox metabolism and inhibitors of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl-transferase, an essential enzyme for purine salvage in T. cruzi and related organisms. Finally, the economic and political challenges faced by development of drugs for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases, which afflict almost exclusively poor populations in developing countries, are analyzed and recent potential solutions for this conundrum are discussed.
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Cerecetto H, González M. Synthetic Medicinal Chemistry in Chagas' Disease: Compounds at The Final Stage of "Hit-To-Lead" Phase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:810-838. [PMID: 27713281 PMCID: PMC4034012 DOI: 10.3390/ph3040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease, or American trypanosomosiasis, has been the most relevant illness produced by protozoa in Latin America. Synthetic medicinal chemistry efforts have provided an extensive number of chemodiverse hits at the "active-to-hit" stage. However, only a more limited number of these have been studied in vivo in models of Chagas' disease. Herein, we survey some of the cantidates able to surpass the "hit-to-lead" stage discussing their limitations or merit to enter in clinical trials in the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Cerecetto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
| | - Mercedes González
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Química Biológica-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
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Carvalho I, Andrade P, Campo VL, Guedes PMM, Sesti-Costa R, Silva JS, Schenkman S, Dedola S, Hill L, Rejzek M, Nepogodiev SA, Field RA. 'Click chemistry' synthesis of a library of 1,2,3-triazole-substituted galactose derivatives and their evaluation against Trypanosoma cruzi and its cell surface trans-sialidase. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:2412-27. [PMID: 20335038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase (TcTS) plays a key role in the recognition and invasion of host cells and in enabling the parasite to escape the human immune response. To explore this potential drug target, we have synthesized a small library of substrate analogues based on 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of galactose modified at either the C-1 or C-6 positions. This was achieved by coupling the appropriate azido-sugars with a panel of 23 structurally diverse terminal alkynes by using the copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction, giving a library of 46 derivatives in good to excellent yield and with complete regioselectivity. The sugar triazoles showed weak inhibition towards TcTS-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid in vitro (<40% inhibition at 1mM concentration); many of the compounds assessed proved to be acceptor substrates for the enzyme. Despite this modest inhibitory activity, in vitro trypanocidal activity assays against the trypomastigote form of T. cruzi Y strain revealed several compounds active in the low 100s of muM range. Further assessment of these compounds against cultured mouse spleen cells suggests a specific mode of anti-parasite action rather than a generic cytotoxic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. Café S/N, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Novel ruthenium complexes as potential drugs for Chagas's disease: enzyme inhibition and in vitro/in vivo trypanocidal activity. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:260-9. [PMID: 20105182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00524.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The discovery of the pharmacological functions of nitric oxide has led to the development of NO donor compounds as therapeutic agents. A new generation of ruthenium NO donors, cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)L]X(n), has been developed, and our aim was to show that these complexes are able to lyse Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH NO donors were incubated with T. cruzi and their anti-T. cruzi activities evaluated as the percentage of lysed parasites compared to the negative control. In vivo, trypanocidal activity was evaluated by observing the levels of parasitaemia, survival rate and elimination of amastigotes in mouse myocardial tissue. The inhibition of GAPDH was monitored by the biochemical reduction of NAD(+) to NADH. KEY RESULTS The NO donors cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)L]X(n) presented inhibitory effects on T. cruzi GAPDH (IC(50) ranging from 89 to 153 microM). The crystal structure of the enzyme shows that the inhibitory mechanism is compatible with S-nitrosylation of the active cysteine (cys166) site. Compounds cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)imN](PF(6))(3) and cis-[Ru(NO)(bpy)(2)SO(3)]PF(6), at a dose of 385 nmol.kg(-1), yielded survival rates of 80 and 60%, respectively, in infected mice, and eradicated any amastigotes from their myocardial tissue. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The ruthenium compounds exhibited potent in vitro and in vivo trypanocidal activities at doses up to 1000-fold lower than the clinical dose for benznidazole. Furthermore, one mechanism of action of these compounds is via the S-nitrosylation of Cys166 of T. cruzi GAPDH. Thus, these compounds show huge potential as candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of Chagas's disease.
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Ruthenium complexes endowed with potent anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Synthesis, biological characterization and structure–activity relationships. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:5038-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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