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Khushal A, Farooq U, Khan S, Rasul A, Wani TA, Zargar S, Shahzad SA, Bukhari SM, Khan NA. Bioactivity-Guided Synthesis: In Silico and In Vitro Studies of β-Glucosidase Inhibitors to Cope with Hepatic Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2023; 28:6548. [PMID: 37764324 PMCID: PMC10538174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cause of hyperglycemia can generally be attributed to β-glucosidase as per its involvement in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This clinical condition leads to liver carcinoma (HepG2 cancer). The phthalimides and phthalamic acid classes possess inhibitory potential against glucosidase, forming the basis for designing new phthalimide and phthalamic acid analogs to test their ability as potent inhibitors of β-glucosidase. The study also covers in silico (molecular docking and MD simulations) and in vitro (β-glucosidase and HepG2 cancer cell line assays) analyses. The phthalimide and phthalamic acid derivatives were synthesized, followed by spectroscopic characterization. The mechanistic complexities associated with β-glucosidase inhibition were identified via the docking of the synthesized compounds inside the active site of the protein, and the results were analyzed in terms of the best binding energy and appropriate docking pose. The top-ranked compounds were subjected to extensive MD simulation studies to understand the mode of interaction of the synthesized compounds and binding energies, as well as the contribution of individual residues towards binding affinities. Lower RMSD/RMSF values were observed for 2c and 3c, respectively, in the active site, confirming more stabilized, ligand-bound complexes when compared to the free state. An anisotropic network model was used to unravel the role of loop fluctuation in the context of ligand binding and the dynamics that are distinct to the bound and free states, supported by a 3D surface plot. An in vitro study revealed that 1c (IC50 = 1.26 µM) is far better than standard acarbose (2.15 µM), confirming the potential of this compound against the target protein. Given the appreciable potential of the candidate compounds against β-glucosidase, the synthesized compounds were further tested for their cytotoxic activity against hepatic carcinoma on HepG2 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity profile of the synthesized compounds was performed against HepG2 cancer cell lines. The resultant IC50 value (0.048 µM) for 3c is better than the standard (thalidomide: IC50 0.053 µM). The results promise the hypothesis that the synthesized compounds might become potential drug candidates, given the fact that the β-glucosidase inhibition of 1c is 40% better than the standard, whereas compound 3c holds more anti-tumor activity (greater than 9%) against the HepG2 cell line than the known drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Khushal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sara Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, GC University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail Anjum Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Syed Majid Bukhari
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nazeer Ahmad Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
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2
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Galenko EE, Zanakhov TO, Novikov MS, Khlebnikov AF. Metal carbonyl mediated rearrangement of 5-(2-oxoalkyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles: synthesis of fully substituted pyrimidines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2990-3001. [PMID: 36942559 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00148b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Variously substituted ethyl 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates can be easily prepared by a metal carbonyl mediated rearrangement of ethyl 3-oxo-2-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)propanoates. The irradiation of a mixture of oxadiazoles and Fe(CO)5 in wet solvents with a 365 nm LED at room temperature for 2 h followed by heating at 80 °C for 2 h gives pyrimidines in up to 90% yield. This procedure enables the preparation of 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates with various aryl substituents at the C2 and alkyl or aryl substituents at the C4 position. 1-(1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5-yl)propan-2-ones analogously give 6-methylpyrimidin-4(3H)-ones, albeit in lower yields. Ethyl 6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates can be easily modified at the C6 position by bromination followed by cross-coupling reactions to give pyrimidine-5-carboxylates with pyridyl, amino and ethynyl substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina E Galenko
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Timur O Zanakhov
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Novikov
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Alexander F Khlebnikov
- St Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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3
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Reetu R, Gujjarappa R, Malakar CC. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Evaluation of 1,2‐Benzothiazine Analogues. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Reetu
- National Institute of Technology Manipur Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Chandi C Malakar
- National Institute of Technology Manipur Department of Chemistry Langol, Imphal 795004 Imphal INDIA
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Sonowal H, Ramana KV. Development of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and Cancer: Current Drug Design Strategies and Future Directions. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3683-3712. [PMID: 33109031 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201027152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose Reductase (AR) is an enzyme that converts glucose to sorbitol during the polyol pathway of glucose metabolism. AR has been shown to be involved in the development of secondary diabetic complications due to its involvement in causing osmotic as well as oxidative stress. Various AR inhibitors have been tested for their use to treat secondary diabetic complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy in clinical studies. Recent studies also suggest the potential role of AR in mediating various inflammatory complications. Therefore, the studies on the development and potential use of AR inhibitors to treat inflammatory complications and cancer besides diabetes are currently on the rise. Further, genetic mutagenesis studies, computer modeling, and molecular dynamics studies have helped design novel and potent AR inhibitors. This review discussed the potential new therapeutic use of AR inhibitors in targeting inflammatory disorders and cancer besides diabetic complications. Further, we summarized studies on how AR inhibitors have been designed and developed for therapeutic purposes in the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sonowal
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Kota V Ramana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
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5
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Han Z, Qi G, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Yan K, Zhu C, Hao X. Novel 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as dual inhibitor targeting AKR1B1/ROS for treatment of diabetic complications: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104428. [PMID: 33161249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AKR1B1 (Aldose reductase) has been used as therapeutic intervention target for treatment of diabetic complications over 50 years, and more recently for inflammation and cancer. However, most developed small molecule inhibitors have the defect of low bioactivity. To address this limitation, novel series of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as dual inhibitor targeting AKR1B1/ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) were designed and synthesized. Most of these derivatives were found to be potent and selective against AKR1B1, and compound 8a was the most active with an IC50 value of 0.035 μM. Moreover, some prepared derivatives showed strong anti-ROS activity, and among them the phenolic 3,5-dihydroxyl compound 8b was proved to be the most potent, even comparable to that of the well-known antioxidant Trolox at a concentration of 100 μM. Thus the results suggested a success in the construction of potent dual inhibitor for the therapeutic intervention target of AKR1B1/ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Han
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Junkai Zhu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yundong Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Kang Yan
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China.
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6
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Novel quinolin-4(1H)-one derivatives as multi-effective aldose reductase inhibitors for treatment of diabetic complications: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127101. [PMID: 32192796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Hao X, Qi G, Ma H, Zhu C, Han Z. Novel 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2- b]pyrazin-3(4 H)-one derivatives as potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1368-1372. [PMID: 31347930 PMCID: PMC6711126 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1643336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop multifunctional aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitors for anti-diabetic complications, a novel series of 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesised. Most of the derivatives were found to be potent and selective against AKR1B1, and 2-(7-chloro-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-oxopyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-4(3H)-yl) acetic acid (4k) was the most active with an IC50 value of 0.023 µM. Moreover, it was encouraging to find that some derivatives showed strong antioxidant activity, and among them, the phenolic 3,5-dihydroxyl compound 4l with 7-bromo in the core structure was proved to be the most potent, even comparable to that of the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Thus the results suggested success in the construction of potent and selective AKR1B1 inhibitors with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gang Qi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Hongxing Ma
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, PR China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhongfei Han
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, PR China
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, PR China
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8
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Stephen Kumar Celestina, Sundaram K, Ravi S. Novel Derivatives of Rhodanine-3-Hippuric Acid as Active Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Analysis. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019050066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Saito R, Ishibashi K, Noumi M, Uno S, Higashi S, Goto M, Kuwahara S, Komatsu T. Synthesis and Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Activity of Botryllazine A Derivatives. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:556-565. [PMID: 31155561 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is associated with the onset of diabetic complications. Botryllazine A and its analogues were synthesized and evaluated for human AR inhibitory activity. Analogues possessing aromatic bicyclic systems at the C5 position of the central pyrazine ring exhibited superior AR inhibiting activity relative to the parent botryllazine A. In addition, the benzoyl groups at positions C2 and C3 of the pyrazine ring were dispensable for this improved inhibitory activity. Conversely, a benzoyl group-containing phenolic hydroxyl groups-at either position C2 or C3 of the pyrazine ring was essential for attainment of high inhibitory activity approaching that of sorbinil (a highly effective AR inhibitor).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University.,Research Center for Materials with Integrated Properties, Toho University
| | | | | | - Sota Uno
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University
| | | | - Masaru Goto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University
| | - Shunsuke Kuwahara
- Department of Chemistry, Toho University.,Research Center for Materials with Integrated Properties, Toho University
| | - Toshiya Komatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University
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10
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aldose reductase (ALR2) is both the key enzyme of the polyol pathway, whose activation under hyperglycemic conditions leads to the development of chronic diabetic complications, and the crucial promoter of inflammatory and cytotoxic conditions, even under a normoglycemic status. Accordingly, it represents an excellent drug target and a huge effort is being done to disclose novel compounds able to inhibit it. AREAS COVERED This literature survey summarizes patents and patent applications published over the last 5 years and filed for natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic ALR2 inhibitors. Compounds described have been discussed and analyzed from both chemical and functional angles. EXPERT OPINION Several ALR2 inhibitors with a promising pre-clinical ability to address diabetic complications and inflammatory diseases are being developed during the observed timeframe. Natural compounds and plant extracts are the prevalent ones, thus confirming the use of phytopharmaceuticals as an increasingly pursued therapeutic trend also in the ALR2 inhibitors field. Intriguing hints may be taken from synthetic derivatives, the most significant ones being represented by the differential inhibitors ARDIs. Differently from classical ARIs, these compounds should fire up the therapeutic efficacy of the class while minimizing its side effects, thus overcoming the existing limits of this kind of inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quattrini
- a Dipartimento di Farmacia , Università di Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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11
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Balestri F, Quattrini L, Coviello V, Sartini S, Da Settimo F, Cappiello M, Moschini R, Del Corso A, Mura U, La Motta C. Acid Derivatives of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine as Aldose Reductase Differential Inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1414-1418.e3. [PMID: 30122369 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AKR1B1), the key enzyme of the polyol pathway, plays a crucial role in the development of long-term complications affecting diabetic patients. Nevertheless, the expedience of inhibiting this enzyme to treat diabetic complications has failed, due to the emergence of side effects from compounds under development. Actually AKR1B1 is a Janus-faced enzyme which, besides ruling the polyol pathway, takes part in the antioxidant defense mechanism of the body. In this work we report the evidence that a class of compounds, characterized by a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core and an ionizable fragment, modulates differently the catalytic activity of the enzyme, depending on the presence of specific substrates such as sugar, toxic aldehydes, and glutathione conjugates of toxic aldehydes. The study stands out as a systematic attempt to generate aldose reductase differential inhibitors (ARDIs) intended to target long-term diabetic complications while leaving unaltered the detoxifying role of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Balestri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Luca Quattrini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Vito Coviello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Roberta Moschini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Antonella Del Corso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Umberto Mura
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Unità di Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Via L. Ghini 13, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, Pisa 56126, Italy.
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12
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Novel quinazolinone-based 2,4-thiazolidinedione-3-acetic acid derivatives as potent aldose reductase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:2147-2166. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Targeting aldose reductase enzyme with 2,4-thiazolidinedione-3-acetic acid derivatives having a bulky hydrophobic 3-arylquinazolinone residue. Materials & methods: All the target compounds were structurally characterized by different spectroscopic methods and microanalysis, their aldose reductase inhibitory activities were evaluated, and binding modes were studied by molecular modeling. Results: All the synthesized compounds proved to inhibit the target enzyme potently, exhibiting IC50 values in the nanomolar/low nanomolar range. Compound 5i (IC50 = 2.56 nM), the most active of the whole series, turned out to be almost 70-fold more active than the only marketed aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat. Conclusion: This work represents a promising matrix for developing new potential therapeutic candidates for prevention of diabetic complications through targeting aldose reductase enzyme. [Formula: see text]
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13
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El-sayed S, Metwally K, El-Shanawani AA, Abdel-Aziz LM, El-Rashedy AA, Soliman ME, Quattrini L, Coviello V, la Motta C. Quinazolinone-based rhodanine-3-acetic acids as potent aldose reductase inhibitors: Synthesis, functional evaluation and molecular modeling study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4760-4764. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Digiacomo M, Sartini S, Nesi G, Sestito S, Coviello V, La Motta C, Rapposelli S. Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of Novel Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Bearing a Spirobenzopyran Scaffold. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2017; 11:9-23. [PMID: 28567125 PMCID: PMC5418920 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501711010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Aldose reductase, the first enzyme of the polyol pathway, is the key determinant for the pathogenesis of long term diabetic complications. Accordingly, its inhibition represents the major therapeutic strategy to treat this kind of pathologies. Objectives: In this work we describe the synthesis and the functional evaluation of a number of spiro-oxazolidinone and spiro-morpholinone acetic acid derivatives, and their benzyloxy analogs, developed as aldose reductase inhibitors. Results: Most of them proved to inhibit the target enzyme, showing IC50 values in the micromolar/low micromolar range. SARs observed among the three different series allowed to highlight their key pharmacophoric elements, thus creating sound basis for the design of novel and more effective inhibitors. Conclusion: Although further substitution patterns are needed, the novel compounds here proposed represent a good starting point for the development of novel and effective ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Digiacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Nesi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vito Coviello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Moniot S, Forgione M, Lucidi A, Hailu GS, Nebbioso A, Carafa V, Baratta F, Altucci L, Giacché N, Passeri D, Pellicciari R, Mai A, Steegborn C, Rotili D. Development of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Human Deacetylase Sirtuin 2: Structure–Activity Relationship, X-ray Crystal Structure, and Anticancer Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2344-2360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Moniot
- Department
of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mariantonietta Forgione
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center
for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena, 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gebremedhin S. Hailu
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Nebbioso
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carafa
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Baratta
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department
of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Vico L. de Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Giacché
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, 06073 Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Passeri
- TES Pharma S.r.l., Via P. Togliatti 20, 06073 Corciano, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Antonello Mai
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department
of Biochemistry and Research Center for Bio-Macromolecules, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department
of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro
5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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16
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Saito R, Hoshi M, Kato A, Ishikawa C, Komatsu T. Green fluorescent protein chromophore derivatives as a new class of aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 125:965-974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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A series of pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:308-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Zhu S, Zhang S, Hao X, Qin X, Parveen S, Yang S, Ma B, Zhu C. Pyridothiadiazine derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors having antioxidant activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:126-130. [PMID: 27153454 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1178638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitors based on pyridothiadiazine were prepared and evaluated for their activities in ALR2 inhibition, DPPH scavenging, and MDA inhibition. Comparison studies were carried out between analogs having either hydroxyl or methoxy groups substituted on the N2-benzyl side chains of the compounds. Most of the hydroxy-substituted compounds were found to be more potent compared to their methoxy-substituted analogs with respect to DPPH inhibition (>93%) and MDA inhibition (>73%). However, ALR2 inhibitory activity was found to be affected by the electron-withdrawing substituent at the C7 position in addition to the effect of the N2-substituted benzyl group. These results provide an array of multifunctional ALR2 inhibitors possessing capacities both for ALR2 inhibition and as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Zhu
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Hao
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Xiangyu Qin
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Shaoqi Yang
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Bing Ma
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- a Department of Applied Chemistry , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , China
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19
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Synthesis of benzothiadiazine derivatives exhibiting dual activity as aldose reductase inhibitors and antioxidant agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2880-2885. [PMID: 27156769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several multifunctional benzothiadiazine derivatives were synthesized and examined for their inhibition to the enzyme aldose reductase and in vitro antioxidant activity to identify novel drugs for diabetes and its complications. Most of them exhibited good inhibitory activity. Importantly, a number of compounds demonstrated strong antioxidant activity and one compound in particular was extremely active in the DPPH radical scavenging and MDA inhibition analysis. The DPPH radical scavenging rate with this compound was 98.0%, 92.3% and 42.1% at concentrations of 100μM, 10μM, and 1μM, respectively, and the initial reaction rate was faster than Trolox at a concentration of 10μM.
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20
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Wang Z, Zhang H, Jabeen F, Gopinathan-Pillai G, Arami JA, Killian BJ, Stiegler KD, Yudewitz DS, Thiemann PL, Turk JD, Zhou W, Steel PJ, Hall CD, Katritzky AR. Synthesis and Properties of Energetic 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Cai J, Wei H, Hong KH, Wu X, Zong X, Cao M, Wang P, Li L, Sun C, Chen B, Zhou G, Chen J, Ji M. Discovery, bioactivity and docking simulation of Vorinostat analogues containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors and antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3457-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Cai J, Wei H, Hong KH, Wu X, Cao M, Zong X, Li L, Sun C, Chen J, Ji M. Discovery and preliminary evaluation of 2-aminobenzamide and hydroxamate derivatives containing 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety as potent histone deacetylase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Bolotin DS, Demakova MY, Novikov AS, Avdontceva MS, Kuznetsov ML, Bokach NA, Kukushkin VY. Bifunctional reactivity of amidoximes observed upon nucleophilic addition to metal-activated nitriles. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:4039-46. [PMID: 25822628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of the aromatic nitrile complexes trans-[PtCl2(RC6H4CN)2] (R = p-CF3 NC1, H NC2, o-Cl NC3) with the aryl amidoximes p-R'C6H4C(NH2)=NOH (R' = Me AO1, H AO2, Br AO3, CF3 AO4, NO2 AO5) in all combinations, followed by addition of 1 equiv of AgOTf and then 5 equiv of Et3N, leads to the chelates [PtCl{HN=C(RC6H4)ON=C(C6H4R'-p)NC(RC6H4)═NH}] (1-15; 15 examples; yields 71-88% after column chromatography) derived from the platinum(II)-mediated coupling between metal-activated nitriles and amidoximes. The mechanism of this reaction was studied experimentally by trapping and identification of the reaction intermediates, and it was also investigated theoretically at the DFT level of theory. The combined experimental and theoretical results indicate that the coupling with the nitrile ligands involves both the HON and monodeprotonated NH2 groups of the amidoximes, whereas in the absence of the base, the NH2 functionality is inactive toward the coupling. The observed reaction represents the first example of bifunctional nucleophilic behavior of amidoximes. The complexes 1-16 were characterized by elemental analyses (C, H, N), high-resolution ESI(+)-MS, FTIR, and (1)H NMR techniques, whereas unstable 17 was characterized by HRESI(+)-MS and FTIR. In addition, 8·C4H8O2, 12, and 16·CHCl3 were studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S Bolotin
- †Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ya Demakova
- †Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- †Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Margarita S Avdontceva
- ‡Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim L Kuznetsov
- §Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nadezhda A Bokach
- †Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu Kukushkin
- †Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation.,∥Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O. Bolshoii Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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24
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Maccari R, Ottanà R. Targeting Aldose Reductase for the Treatment of Diabetes Complications and Inflammatory Diseases: New Insights and Future Directions. J Med Chem 2014; 58:2047-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Maccari
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del
Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosaria Ottanà
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del
Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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25
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Bolotin DS, Kulish KI, Bokach NA, Starova GL, Gurzhiy VV, Kukushkin VY. Zinc(II)-Mediated Nitrile–Amidoxime Coupling Gives New Insights into H+-Assisted Generation of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10312-24. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501333s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S. Bolotin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill I. Kulish
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Galina L. Starova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Vladislav V. Gurzhiy
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, University emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
- Institute
of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O. Bolshoii Pr. 31, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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26
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Hussain S, Parveen S, Hao X, Zhang S, Wang W, Qin X, Yang Y, Chen X, Zhu S, Zhu C, Ma B. Structure–activity relationships studies of quinoxalinone derivatives as aldose reductase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:383-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Abellán-López A, Chicote MT, Bautista D, Vicente J. Cyclopalladated complexes derived from benzamidoxime. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:592-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt51867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Wu B, Yang Y, Qin X, Zhang S, Jing C, Zhu C, Ma B. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Quinoxaline Derivatives as Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1913-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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29
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The enzyme 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase as potential target for 1,2,4-oxadiazoles with larvicide activity against the dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6996-7003. [PMID: 24095017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the vector agent responsible for the transmission of yellow fever and dengue fever viruses to over 80 million people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Exhaustive efforts have lead to a vaccine candidate with only 30% effectiveness against the dengue virus and failure to protect patients against the serotype 2. Hence, vector control remains the most viable route to dengue fever control programs. We have synthesized a class of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives whose most biologically active compounds exhibit potent activity against Aedes aegypti larvae (ca. of 15 ppm) and low toxicity in mammals. Exposure to these larvicides results in larvae pigmentation in a manner correlated with the LC50 measurements. Structural comparisons of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole nucleus against known inhibitors of insect enzymes allowed the identification of 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase as a potential target for these synthetic larvicides. Molecular docking calculations indicate that 1,2,4-oxadiazole compounds can bind to 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase with similar conformation and binding energies as its crystallographic inhibitor 4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid.
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30
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Del-Corso A, Balestri F, Di Bugno E, Moschini R, Cappiello M, Sartini S, La-Motta C, Da-Settimo F, Mura U. A new approach to control the enigmatic activity of aldose reductase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74076. [PMID: 24019949 PMCID: PMC3760808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent reductase, which acts on a variety of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic aldehydes. It is currently defined as the first enzyme in the so-called polyol pathway, in which glucose is transformed into sorbitol by AR and then to fructose by an NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase. An exaggerated flux of glucose through the polyol pathway (as can occur in diabetes) with the subsequent accumulation of sorbitol, was originally proposed as the basic event in the aethiology of secondary diabetic complications. For decades this has meant targeting the enzyme for a specific and strong inhibition. However, the ability of AR to reduce toxic alkenals and alkanals, which are products of oxidative stress, poses the question of whether AR might be better classified as a detoxifying enzyme, thus raising doubts as to the unequivocal advantages of inhibiting the enzyme. This paper provides evidence of the possibility for an effective intervention on AR activity through an intra-site differential inhibition. Examples of a new generation of aldose reductase "differential" inhibitors (ARDIs) are presented, which can preferentially inhibit the reduction of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic substrates. Some selected inhibitors are shown to preferentially inhibit enzyme activity on glucose or glyceraldehyde and 3-glutathionyl-4-hydroxy-nonanal, but are less effective in reducing 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. We question the efficacy of D, L-glyceraldehyde, the substrate commonly used in in vitro inhibition AR studies, as an in vitro reference AR substrate when the aim of the investigation is to impair glucose reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Del-Corso
- Biochemistry Unit at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Balestri
- Biochemistry Unit at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Bugno
- Biochemistry Unit at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Moschini
- Biochemistry Unit at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Cappiello
- Biochemistry Unit at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Sartini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Umberto Mura
- Biochemistry Unit at the Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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31
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Bolotin DS, Bokach NA, Kritchenkov AS, Haukka M, Kukushkin VY. Amidrazone Complexes from a Cascade Platinum(II)-Mediated Reaction between Amidoximes and Dialkylcyanamides. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:6378-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4000878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S. Bolotin
- Department
of Chemistry, Saint
Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof,
Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Department
of Chemistry, Saint
Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof,
Russian Federation
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- Department
of Chemistry, Saint
Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof,
Russian Federation
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Jyväskylä, Finland, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University
of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Department
of Chemistry, Saint
Petersburg State University, Universitetsky Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof,
Russian Federation
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds
of Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O. Bolshoii Pr. 31, 199004 Saint
Petersburg, Russian Federation
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32
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Sartini S, Cosconati S, Marinelli L, Barresi E, Di Maro S, Simorini F, Taliani S, Salerno S, Marini AM, Da Settimo F, Novellino E, La Motta C. Benzofuroxane Derivatives as Multi-Effective Agents for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diabetic Complications. Synthesis, Functional Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies. J Med Chem 2012; 55:10523-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jm301124s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sartini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- Dipartimento Scienze e Tecnologie
Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica
Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Barresi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Chimica
Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Simorini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Sabrina Taliani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Silvia Salerno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Anna Maria Marini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Federico Da Settimo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica
Farmaceutica
e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa,
Italy
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33
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Zhang S, Chen X, Parveen S, Hussain S, Yang Y, Jing C, Zhu C. Effect of C7 Modifications on Benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide Derivatives on Their Inhibitory Activity and Selectivity toward Aldose Reductase. ChemMedChem 2012; 8:603-13. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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34
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Bolotin DS, Bokach NA, Haukka M, Kukushkin VY. Amidoximes Provide Facile Platinum(II)-Mediated Oxime–Nitrile Coupling. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:5950-64. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3006019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii S. Bolotin
- Department
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky
Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda A. Bokach
- Department
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky
Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.
Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Vadim Yu. Kukushkin
- Department
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetsky
Pr. 26, 198504 Stary Petergof, Russian Federation
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O. Bolshoii
Pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
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35
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Yang Y, Zhang S, Wu B, Ma M, Chen X, Qin X, He M, Hussain S, Jing C, Ma B, Zhu C. An Efficient Synthesis of Quinoxalinone Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:823-35. [PMID: 22416050 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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36
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Ramunno A, Cosconati S, Sartini S, Maglio V, Angiuoli S, La Pietra V, Di Maro S, Giustiniano M, La Motta C, Da Settimo F, Marinelli L, Novellino E. Progresses in the pursuit of aldose reductase inhibitors: the structure-based lead optimization step. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:216-26. [PMID: 22436396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ALR2) is a crucial enzyme in the development of the major complications of diabetes mellitus. Very recently it has been demonstrated that the ARL2 inhibitor, fidarestat, significantly prevents inflammatory signals (TNF-α, LPS) that cause cancer (colon, breast, prostate and lung), metastasis, asthma, and other inflammatory diseases. Currently, fidarestat is in phase III clinical trial for diabetic neuropathy and was found to be safe. Thus the finding of novel, potent ARL2 inhibitors is today more than in the past in great demand as they can pave the way for a novel therapeutic approach for a number of diseases besides the diabetes. Herein, starting from the virtual screening-derived ALR2 inhibitor S12728 (1), a rational receptor-based lead optimization has been undertaken. The design and synthetic efforts here reported led to the discovery of several new compounds endowed with low micromolar/submicromolar activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramunno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo 11c, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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37
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Berger O, Kaniti A, van Ba CT, Vial H, Ward SA, Biagini GA, Bray PG, O'Neill PM. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of a diverse set of triazole-containing furamidine analogues. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:2094-108. [PMID: 21905228 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Four different series of triazole diamidines have been prepared by the Pinner method from the corresponding triazole dinitriles. Copper-catalyzed "click chemistry" was used for the synthesis of 1,4- and 4,5-substituted triazoles, aryl magnesium acetylide reagents for the 1,5-substituted triazoles, with a thermal dipolar addition reaction employed for the 2,4-substituted triazoles. In vitro antimalarial activity against two different PfCRT-modified parasite lines (Science 2002, 298, 210-213) of Plasmodium falciparum and inhibition of hemozoin formation were determined for each compound. Several diamidines with potent nanomolar antimalarial activities were identified, and selected molecules were resynthesized as their diamidoxime triazole prodrugs. One of these prodrugs, OB216, proved to be highly potent in vivo with an ED50 value of 5 mg kg(-1) (po) and an observed 100 % cure rate (CD100) of just 10 mg kg(-1) by oral (po) administration in mice infected with P. vinckei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Berger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown street, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
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38
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Tertiary amides with a five-membered heteroaromatic ring as new probes for the translocator protein. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4506-20. [PMID: 21824692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this study novel ligands of the translocator protein (TSPO), characterized by a five-membered aromatic heterocycle (i.e. oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole), a phenyl ring, and an amide side chain of carboxy or acetic type, were designed using a previously reported pharmacophore/topological model. Most of compounds showed significant TSPO binding affinity (K(i) values in the nanomolar/submicromolar range), the highest being displayed by oxazolacetamides 6. A number of compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation/viability of human glioblastoma cell line U87MG. The dose-time dependent cell response to treatment with 6d demonstrated the specificity of the observed effect. The ability of 6d to induce mitochondrial membrane dissipation (ΔΨm) substantiates the intracellular pro-apoptotic mechanism activated by ligand binding to TSPO.
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Ottanà R, Maccari R, Giglio M, Del Corso A, Cappiello M, Mura U, Cosconati S, Marinelli L, Novellino E, Sartini S, La Motta C, Da Settimo F. Identification of 5-arylidene-4-thiazolidinone derivatives endowed with dual activity as aldose reductase inhibitors and antioxidant agents for the treatment of diabetic complications. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:2797-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Revised: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Porcheddu A, Cadoni R, De Luca L. A fast and efficient one-pot microwave assisted synthesis of variously di-substituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:7539-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06055d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen X, Zhu C, Guo F, Qiu X, Yang Y, Zhang S, He M, Parveen S, Jing C, Li Y, Ma B. Acetic Acid Derivatives of 3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide as a Novel Class of Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:8330-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jm100962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Qiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Minlan He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Shagufta Parveen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Jing
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhongguancun South Street, 100081 Beijing, China
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Design, synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of {5-chloro-2-[(3-substitutedphenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-methoxy]-phenyl}-(phenyl)-methanones. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2677-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang Z, Ling B, Zhang R, Suo Y, Liu Y, Yu Z, Liu C. Docking and molecular dynamics studies toward the binding of new natural phenolic marine inhibitors and aldose reductase. J Mol Graph Model 2009; 28:162-9. [PMID: 19616461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic marine natural product is a kind of new potential aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs). In order to investigate the binding mode and inhibition mechanism, molecular docking and dynamics studies were performed to explore the interactions of six phenolic inhibitors with human aldose reductase (hALR2). Considering physiological environment, all the neutral and other two ionized states of each phenolic inhibitor were adopted in the simulation. The calculations indicate that all the inhibitors are able to form stable hydrogen bonds with the hALR2 active pocket which is mainly constructed by residues TYR48, HIS110 and TRP111, and they impose the inhibition effect by occupying the active space. In all inhibitors, only La and its two ionized derivatives La_ion1 and La_ion2, in which neither of the ortho-hydrogens of 3-hydroxyl is substituted by Br, bind with hALR2 active residues using the terminal 3-hydroxyl. While, all the other inhibitors, at least one of whose ortho-sites of 3- and 6-hydroxyls are substituted by Br substituent which take much electron-withdrawing effect and steric hindrance, bind with hALR2 through the lactone group. This means that the Br substituent can effectively regulate the binding modes of phenolic inhibitors. Although the lactone bound inhibitors have relatively high RMSD values, our dynamics study shows that both binding modes are of high stability. For each inhibitor molecule, the ionization does not change its original binding mode, but it does gradually increase the binding free energy, which reveals that besides hydrogen bonds, the electrostatic effect is also important to the inhibitor-hALR2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810001, China
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