1
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Hovah ME, Holzgrabe U. Bivalent and bitopic ligands of the opioid receptors: The prospects of a dual approach. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2545-2599. [PMID: 38751227 DOI: 10.1002/med.22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Opioid receptors belonging to the class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the targets of choice in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, their on-target side effects such as respiratory depression, tolerance and addiction have led to the advent of the 'opioid crisis'. In the search for safer analgesics, bivalent and more recently, bitopic ligands have emerged as valuable tool compounds to probe these receptors. The activity of bivalent and bitopic ligands rely greatly on the allosteric nature of the GPCRs. Bivalent ligands consist of two pharmacophores, each binding to the individual orthosteric binding site (OBS) of the monomers within a dimer. Bitopic or dualsteric ligands bridge the gap between the OBS and the spatially distinct, less conserved allosteric binding site (ABS) through the simultaneous occupation of these two sites. Bivalent and bitopic ligands stabilize distinct conformations of the receptors which ultimately translates into unique signalling and pharmacological profiles. Some of the interesting properties shown by these ligands include improved affinity and/or efficacy, subtype and/or functional selectivity and reduced side effects. This review aims at providing an overview of some of the bivalent and bitopic ligands of the opioid receptors and, their pharmacology in the hope of inspiring the design and discovery of the next generation of opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Emilie Hovah
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Wuerzburg, Germany
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2
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Breault É, Desgagné M, Neve JD, Côté J, Barlow TMA, Ballet S, Sarret P. Multitarget ligands that comprise opioid/nonopioid pharmacophores for pain management: Current state of the science. Pharmacol Res 2024; 209:107408. [PMID: 39307212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain, which affects more than one-third of the world's population, represents one of the greatest medical challenges of the 21st century, yet its effective management remains sub-optimal. The 'gold standard' for the treatment of moderate to severe pain consists of opioid ligands, such as morphine and fentanyl, that target the µ-opioid receptor (MOP). Paradoxically, these opioids also cause serious side effects, including constipation, respiratory depression, tolerance, and addiction. In addition, the development of opioid-use disorders, such as opioid diversion, misuse, and abuse, has led to the current opioid crisis, with dramatic increases in addiction, overdoses, and ultimately deaths. As pain is a complex, multidimensional experience involving a variety of pathways and mediators, dual or multitarget ligands that can bind to more than one receptor and exert complementary analgesic effects, represent a promising avenue for pain relief. Indeed, unlike monomodal therapeutic approaches, the modulation of several endogenous nociceptive systems can often result in an additive or even synergistic effect, thereby improving the analgesic-to-side-effect ratio. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of research efforts towards the development of dual- or multi-targeting opioid/nonopioid hybrid ligands for effective and safer pain management. We reflect on the underpinning discovery rationale by discussing the design, medicinal chemistry, and in vivo pharmacological effects of multitarget antinociceptive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émile Breault
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jolien De Neve
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Thomas M A Barlow
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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3
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Animal toxins: As an alternative therapeutic target following ischemic stroke condition. Life Sci 2023; 317:121365. [PMID: 36640901 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, Ischemic stroke (IS) has become the second leading cause of mortality and chronic disability. The process of IS has triggered by the blockages of blood vessels to form clots in the brain which initiates multiple interactions with the key signaling pathways, counting excitotoxicity, acidosis, ionic imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction of cells, and ultimately cells going under apoptosis. Currently, FDA has approved only tissue plasminogen activator therapy, which is effective against IS with few limitations. However, the mechanism of excitotoxicity and acidosis has spurred the investigation of a potential candidate for IS therapy. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) get activated and disturb the brain's normal physiology. Animal toxins are novel inhibitors of ASICs and VDCCs channels and have provided neuroprotective insights into the pathophysiology of IS. This review will discuss the potential directions of translational ASICs and VDCCs inhibitors research for clinical therapies.
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4
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Choudhary S, Kaur R, Waziri A, Garg A, Kadian R, Alam MS. N-type calcium channel blockers: a new approach towards the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2023.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) remains maltreated for a wide number of patients by the currently available treatments and little research has been done in finding new drugs for treating NP. Ziconotide (PrialtTM) had been developed as the new drug, which belongs to the class of ω-conotoxin MVIIA. It inhibits N-type calcium channels. Ziconotide is under the last phase of the clinical trial, a new non-narcotic drug for the management of NP. Synthetically it has shown the similarities with ω-conotoxin MVIIA, a constituent of poison found in fish hunting snails (Conus magus). Ziconotide acts by selectively blocking neural N-type voltage-sensitized Ca2+ channels (NVSCCs). Certain herbal drugs also have been studied but no clinical result is there and the study is only limited to preclinical data. This review emphasizes the N-type calcium channel inhibitors, and their mechanisms for blocking calcium channels with their remedial prospects for treating chronic NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Choudhary
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Raminderjit Kaur
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Aafrin Waziri
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Arun Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, NIMS Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Jaipur 303121, Rajasthan, India
| | - Renu Kadian
- Ram Gopal College of Pharmacy, Gurugram 122506, Haryana, India
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
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5
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Chen T, Sun T, Bian Y, Pei Y, Feng F, Chi H, Li Y, Tang X, Sang S, Du C, Chen Y, Chen Y, Sun H. The Design and Optimization of Monomeric Multitarget Peptides for the Treatment of Multifactorial Diseases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3685-3705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingkai Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, College of Regimen and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Huaian 223003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Chi
- Food and Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Huaian 223003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceuticals Science College, Huaian 223005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenghu Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Du
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
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Apostol CR, Hay M, Polt R. Glycopeptide drugs: A pharmacological dimension between "Small Molecules" and "Biologics". Peptides 2020; 131:170369. [PMID: 32673700 PMCID: PMC7448947 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are an important class of molecules with diverse biological activities. Many endogenous peptides, especially neuropeptides and peptide hormones, play critical roles in development and regulating homeostasis. Furthermore, as drug candidates their high receptor selectivity and potent binding leads to reduced off-target interactions and potential negative side effects. However, the therapeutic potential of peptides is severely hampered by their poor stability in vivo and low permeability across biological membranes. Several strategies have been successfully employed over the decades to address these concerns, and one of the most promising strategies is glycosylation. It has been demonstrated in numerous cases that glycosylation is an effective synthetic approach to improve the pharmacokinetic profiles and membrane permeability of peptides. The effects of glycosylation on peptide stability and peptide-membrane interactions in the context of blood-brain barrier penetration will be explored. Numerous examples of glycosylated analogues of endogenous peptides targeting class A and B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with an emphasis on O-linked glycopeptides will be reviewed. Notable examples of N-, S-, and C-linked glycopeptides will also be discussed. A small section is devoted to synthetic methods for the preparation of glycopeptides and requisite amino acid glycoside building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Apostol
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Meredith Hay
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Dept. of Physiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Robin Polt
- Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry, BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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7
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Hruby VJ. Multivalent peptide and peptidomimetic ligands for the treatment of pain without toxicities and addiction. Peptides 2019; 116:63-67. [PMID: 31014958 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current opioid crisis has created a tragic problem in medicine and society. Pain is the most ubiquitous and costly disease in society and yet all of our "treatments" have toxicities, especially for prolonged use. However, there are several alternatives that have been discovered in the past fifteen years that have been demonstrated in animals to have none of the toxicities of current drugs. Many of the compounds are multivalent and have novel biological activity profiles. Unfortunately, none of these have been in clinical trials in humans, perhaps because they were discovered in academic laboratories. A review of these novel chemicals are given in this paper.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Humans
- Ligands
- Opioid Peptides/chemistry
- Opioid Peptides/therapeutic use
- Pain/drug therapy
- Pain/pathology
- Pain Management
- Peptides/adverse effects
- Peptides/therapeutic use
- Peptidomimetics/adverse effects
- Peptidomimetics/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Opioid/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/chemistry
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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8
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Abstract
Hybrid compounds (also known as chimeras, designed multiple ligands, bivalent compounds) are chemical units where two active components, usually possessing affinity and selectivity for distinct molecular targets, are combined as a single chemical entity. The rationale for using a chimeric approach is well documented as such novel drugs are characterized by their enhanced enzymatic stability and biological activity. This allows their use at lower concentrations, increasing their safety profile, particularly when considering undesirable side effects. In the group of synthetic bivalent compounds, drugs combining pharmacophores having affinities toward opioid and neurokinin-1 receptors have been extensively studied as potential analgesic drugs. Indeed, substance P is known as a major endogenous modulator of nociception both in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Hence, synthetic peptide fragments showing either agonism or antagonism at neurokinin 1 receptor were both assigned with analgesic properties. However, even though preclinical studies designated neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists as promising analgesics, early clinical studies revealed a lack of efficacy in human. Nevertheless, their molecular combination with enkephalin/endomorphin fragments has been considered as a valuable approach to design putatively promising ligands for the treatment of pain. This paper is aimed at summarizing a 20-year journey to the development of potent analgesic hybrid compounds involving an opioid pharmacophore and devoid of unwanted side effects. Additionally, the legitimacy of considering neurokinin-1 receptor ligands in the design of chimeric drugs is discussed.
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9
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Jonas KC, Hanyaloglu AC. Impact of G protein-coupled receptor heteromers in endocrine systems. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:21-27. [PMID: 28115188 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The fine-tuning of endocrine homeostasis is regulated by dynamic receptor mediated processes. The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have diverse roles in the modulation of all endocrine axes, thus understanding the mechanisms underpinning their functionality is paramount for treatment of endocrinopathies. Evidence over the last 20 years has highlighted homo and heteromerization as a key mode of mediating GPCR functional diversity. This review will discuss the concept of GPCR heteromerization and its relevance to endocrine function, detailing in vitro and in vivo evidence, and exploring current and potential pharmacological strategies for specific targeting of GPCR heteromers in endocrine heath and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Jonas
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, Centre for Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's, University of London, UK.
| | - A C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, UK
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10
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Giri AK, Apostol CR, Wang Y, Forte BL, Largent-Milnes TM, Davis P, Rankin D, Molnar G, Olson KM, Porreca F, Vanderah TW, Hruby VJ. Discovery of Novel Multifunctional Ligands with μ/δ Opioid Agonist/Neurokinin-1 (NK1) Antagonist Activities for the Treatment of Pain. J Med Chem 2015; 58:8573-83. [PMID: 26465170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional ligands with agonist bioactivities at μ/δ opioid receptors (MOR/DOR) and antagonist bioactivity at the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) have been designed and synthesized. These peptide-based ligands are anticipated to produce better biological profiles (e.g., higher analgesic effect with significantly less adverse side effects) compared to those of existing drugs and to deliver better synergistic effects than coadministration of a mixture of multiple drugs. A systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study has been conducted to find multifunctional ligands with desired activities at three receptors. It has been found that introduction of Dmt (2,6-dimethyl-tyrosine) at the first position and NMePhe at the fourth position (ligand 3: H-Dmt-d-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) displays binding as well as functional selectivity for MOR over DOR while maintaining efficacy, potency, and antagonist activity at the NK1R. Dmt at the first position with Phe(4-F) at the fourth position (ligand 5: H-Dmt-d-Ala-Gly-Phe(4-F)-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) exhibits balanced binding affinities at MOR and DOR though it has higher agonist activity at DOR over MOR. This study has led to the discovery of several novel ligands including 3 and 5 with excellent in vitro biological activity profiles. Metabolic stability studies in rat plasma with ligands 3, 5, and 7 (H-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe(4-F)-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-Bn(3',5'-(CF3)2)) showed that their stability depends on modifications at the first and fourth positions (3: T1/2 > 24 h; 5: T1/2 ≈ 6 h; 7: T1/2 > 2 h). Preliminary in vivo studies with these two ligands have shown promising antinociceptive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kumar Giri
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher R Apostol
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Brittany L Forte
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - David Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Gabriella Molnar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona , 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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11
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Deekonda S, Rankin D, Davis P, Lai J, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of multifunctional ligands targeting opioid and bradykinin 2 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4148-52. [PMID: 26316468 PMCID: PMC4642888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report here the design and synthesis of novel multifunctional ligands that act as (μ/δ) opioid agonists and bradykinin 2 receptor antagonists. These multifunctional ligands were designed to interact with the multiple receptors to show an enhanced analgesic effect, with no opioid-induced tolerance. We designed our multifunctional ligands based on the well-known second generation bradykinin 2 receptor antagonist Hoe 140 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DTic-Oic-Arg-OH) and the opioid enkephalin analogues Tyr-DAla-Phe, Tyr-DAla-Gly-Phe and Tyr-Pro-Phe. We explored the conjugation of opioid pharmacophore to the Hoe 140 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DTic-Oic-Arg-OH) in various positions with and without a linker. These bifunctional ligands showed very good binding affinity towards the both μ and δ opioid receptors. Among these bifunctional ligands 8, 11 and 12 showed excellent and balanced binding affinity at both μ and δ opioid receptors (0.5 nM, 2.0 nM; 0.3 nM, 2 nM; 2 nM and 3 nM), respectively. On the other hand these bifunctional ligands showed very weak and no binding affinity for rat brain bradykinin 2 receptors. Similarly, the Hoe 140 showed very low affinity (>10,000 nM and 9,000 nM) against [(3)H] BK binding in rat brain membranes and in HEK293 cells, respectively. In contrast, the Hoe 140 showed very good binding affinity in guinea pig ileum (0.43 nM) similar to that of previously reported. The bradykinin 2 receptors are known to be present in rat brain membrane, guinea pig ileum (GPI) and rabbit jugular vein. Previously the binding affinity of Hoe 140 for bradykinin 2 receptor was reported using guinea pig ileum. The above results suggest that the bradykinin 2 receptors present in rat brain membrane are a different sub type than the bradykinin 2 receptor present in guinea pig ileum (GPI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Deekonda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - David Rankin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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12
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Sandweiss AJ, Vanderah TW. The pharmacology of neurokinin receptors in addiction: prospects for therapy. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2015; 6:93-102. [PMID: 26379454 PMCID: PMC4567173 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s70350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic disorder in which consumption of a substance or a habitual behavior becomes compulsive and often recurrent, despite adverse consequences. Substance p (SP) is an undecapeptide and was the first neuropeptide of the neurokinin family to be discovered. The subsequent decades of research after its discovery implicated SP and its neurokinin relatives as neurotransmitters involved in the modulation of the reward pathway. Here, we review the neurokinin literature, giving a brief historical perspective of neurokinin pharmacology, localization in various brain regions involved in addictive behaviors, and the functional aspects of neurokinin pharmacology in relation to reward in preclinical models of addiction that have shaped the rational drug design of neurokinin antagonists that could translate into human research. Finally, we will cover the clinical investigations using neurokinin antagonists and discuss their potential as a therapy for drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Sandweiss
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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13
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Nair P, Yamamoto T, Cowell S, Kulkarni V, Moye S, Navratilova E, Davis P, Ma SW, Vanderah TW, Lai J, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Discovery of tripeptide-derived multifunctional ligands possessing delta/mu opioid receptor agonist and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3716-20. [PMID: 26212775 PMCID: PMC4642890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several bifunctional peptides were synthesized and characterized based on the pentapeptide-derived ligand NP30 (1: Tyr-DAla-Gly-Phe-Gly-Trp-O-[3',5'-Bzl(CF3)2]). Modification and truncation of amino acid residues were performed, and the tripeptide-derived ligand NP66 (11: Dmt-DAla-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF3)2-Bzl]) was obtained based on the overlapping pharmacophore concept. The Trp(3) residue of ligand 11 works as a message residue for both opioid and NK1 activities. The significance lies in the observation that the approach of appropriate truncation of peptide sequence could lead to a tripeptide-derived chimeric ligand with effective binding and functional activities for both mu and delta opioid and NK1 receptors with agonist activities at mu and delta opioid and antagonist activity at NK1 receptors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nair
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Scott Cowell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Vinod Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sharif Moye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Shou-Wu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Todd W Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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14
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Rational Approach to the Design of Bioactive Peptidomimetics: Recent Developments in Opioid Agonist Peptides. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Mollica A, Carotenuto A, Novellino E, Limatola A, Costante R, Pinnen F, Stefanucci A, Pieretti S, Borsodi A, Samavati R, Zador F, Benyhe S, Davis P, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Novel cyclic biphalin analogue with improved antinociceptive properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1032-6. [PMID: 25221662 DOI: 10.1021/ml500241n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel opioid analogues have been designed by substituting the native d-Ala residues in position 2,2' of biphalin with two residues of d-penicillamine or l-penicillamine and by forming a disulfide bond between the thiol groups. The so-obtained compound 9 containing d-penicillamines showed excellent μ/δ mixed receptor affinities (K i (δ) = 5.2 nM; K i (μ) = 1.9 nM), together with an efficacious capacity to trigger the second messenger and a very good in vivo antinociceptive activity, whereas product 10 was scarcely active. An explanation of the two different pharmacological behaviors of products 9 and 10 was found by studying their conformational properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limatola
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Costante
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnen
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Department
of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Borsodi
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Reza Samavati
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zador
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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16
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Giri AK, Hruby VJ. Investigational peptide and peptidomimetic μ and δ opioid receptor agonists in the relief of pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:227-41. [PMID: 24329035 PMCID: PMC4282681 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.856879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current methods for treating prolonged and neuropathic pain are inadequate and lead to toxicities that greatly diminish quality of life. Therefore, new approaches to the treatment of pain states are needed to address these problems. AREAS COVERED The review primarily reviews approaches that have been taken in the peer-reviewed literature of multivalent ligands that interact with both μ and δ opioid receptors as agonists, and in some cases, also with pharmacophores for antagonist ligands that interact with other receptors as antagonists to block pain. EXPERT OPINION Although there are a number of drugs currently on the market for the treatment of pain; none of them are 100% successful. In the authors' opinion, it is clear that new directions and modalities are needed to better address the treatment of prolonged and neuropathic pain; one drug or class clearly is not the answer for all pain therapy. Undoubtedly, there are many different phenotypes of prolonged and neuropathic pain and this should be one avenue to further develop appropriate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswini Kumar Giri
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , 1306 East University Boulevard, PO Box 210041, Tucson, AZ 85721 , USA
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17
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Hruby VJ, Cai M. Design of peptide and peptidomimetic ligands with novel pharmacological activity profiles. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:557-80. [PMID: 23294313 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptide hormones and neurotransmitters are of central importance in most aspects of intercellular communication and are involved in virtually all degenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss physicochemical approaches to the design of novel peptide and peptidomimetic agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists, and related compounds that have unique biological activity profiles, reduced toxic side effects, and, if desired, the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Designing ligands for specific biological and medical needs is emphasized, as is the close collaboration of chemists and biologists to maximize the chances for success. Special emphasis is placed on the use of conformational (ϕ-ψ space) and topographical (χ space) considerations in design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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18
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Truncation of the peptide sequence in bifunctional ligands with mu and delta opioid receptor agonist and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4975-8. [PMID: 23899615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The optimization and truncation of our lead peptide-derived ligand TY005 possessing eight amino-acid residues was performed. Among the synthesized derivatives, NP30 (Tyr(1)-DAla(2)-Gly(3)-Phe(4)-Gly(5)-Trp(6)-O-[3',5'-Bzl(CF3)2]) showed balanced and potent opioid agonist as well as substance P antagonist activities in isolated tissue-based assays, together with significant antinociceptive and antiallodynic activities in vivo.
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19
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Karpoormath R, Albericio F, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Kruger HG. Synthesis and NMR elucidation of pentacycloundecane-derived hydroxy acid peptides as potential anti-HIV-1 agents. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Tumati S, Largent-Milnes TM, Keresztes AI, Yamamoto T, Vanderah TW, Roeske WR, Hruby VJ, Varga EV. Tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist co-administration attenuates opioid withdrawal-mediated spinal microglia and astrocyte activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 684:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Pentacycloundecane derived hydroxy acid peptides: A new class of irreversible non-scissile ether bridged type isoster as potential HIV-1 wild type C-SA protease inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2012; 40:19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Vardanyan R, Kumirov VK, Nichol GS, Davis P, Liktor-Busa E, Rankin D, Varga E, Vanderah T, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new opioid agonist and neurokinin-1 antagonist bivalent ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6135-42. [PMID: 21925887 PMCID: PMC4137774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Newly designed bivalent ligands-opioid agonist/NK1-antagonists have been synthesized. The synthesis of new starting materials-carboxy-derivatives of Fentanyl (1a-1c) was developed. These products have been transformed to 'isoimidium perchlorates' (2a-c). The new isoimidium perchlorates have been successfully implemented in nucleophilic addition reactions, with l-tryptophan 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl ester to give the target compounds-amides (3a-c). Perchlorates (2a-c) successfully undergo reactions with other nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines or hydrazines. The obtained compound 3b exhibited μ-opioid agonist activity and NK1-antagonist activity and may serve as a useful lead compound for the further design of a new series of opioid agonist/NK1-antagonist compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Vardanyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
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23
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Arsequell G, Rosa M, Mayato C, Dorta RL, Gonzalez-Nunez V, Barreto-Valer K, Marcelo F, Calle LP, Vázquez JT, Rodríguez RE, Jiménez-Barbero J, Valencia G. Synthesis, biological evaluation and structural characterization of novel glycopeptide analogues of nociceptin N/OFQ. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:6133-42. [PMID: 21773621 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05197k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
To examine if the biological activity of the N/OFQ peptide, which is the native ligand of the pain-related and viable drug target NOP receptor, could be modulated by glycosylation and if such effects could be conformationally related, we have synthesized three N/OFQ glycopeptide analogues, namely: [Thr(5)-O-α-D-GalNAc-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide 1), [Ser(10)-O-α-D-GalNAc]-N/OFQ (glycopeptide 2) and [Ser(10)-O-β-D-GlcNAc]-N/OFQ] (glycopeptide 3). They were tested for biological activity in competition binding assays using the zebrafish animal model in which glycopeptide 2 exhibited a slightly improved binding affinity, whereas glycopeptide 1 showed a remarkably reduced binding affinity compared to the parent compound and glycopeptide 3. The structural analysis of these glycopeptides and the parent N/OFQ peptide by NMR and circular dichroism indicated that their aqueous solutions are mainly populated by random coil conformers. However, in membrane mimic environments a certain proportion of the molecules of all these peptides exist as α-helix structures. Interestingly, under these experimental conditions, glycopeptide 1 (glycosylated at Thr-5) exhibited a population of folded hairpin-like geometries. From these facts it is tempting to speculate that nociceptin analogues showing linear helical structures are more complementary and thus interact more efficiently with the native NOP receptor than folded structures, since glycopeptide 1 showed a significantly reduced binding affinity for the NOP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Arsequell
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Abstract
Twin and triplet drugs are defined as compounds that contain respectively two and three pharmacophore components exerting pharmacological effects in a molecule. The twin drug bearing the same pharmacophores is a "symmetrical twin drug", whereas that possessing different pharmacophores is a "nonsymmetrical twin drug." In general, the symmetrical twin drug is expected to produce more potent and/or selective pharmacological effects, whereas the nonsymmetrical twin drug is anticipated to show both pharmacological activities stemming from the individual pharmacophores (dual action). On the other hand, nonsymmetrical triplet drugs, which have two of the same pharmacophores and one different moiety, are expected to elicit both increased pharmacological action and dual action. The two identical portions could bind the same receptor sites simultaneously while the third portion could bind a different receptor site or enzyme. This review will mainly focus on the twin and triplet drugs with an evaluation of their in vivo pharmacological effects, and will also include a description of their pharmacology and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujii
- School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
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25
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Grieco P, Brancaccio D, Novellino E, Hruby VJ, Carotenuto A. Conformational study on cyclic melanocortin ligands and new insight into their binding mode at the MC4 receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3721-33. [PMID: 21652123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The melanocortin receptors are involved in many physiological functions, including pigmentation, sexual function, feeding behavior, and energy homeostasis, making them potential targets to treat obesity, sexual dysfunction, etc. Understanding the basis of the ligand-receptor interactions is crucial for the design of potent and selective ligands for these receptors. The conformational preferences of the cyclic melanocortin ligands MTII (Ac-Nle(4)-c[Asp(5)-His(6)-DPhe(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys(10)]-NH(2)) and SHU9119 (Ac-Nle(4)-c[Asp(5)-His(6)-DNal(2')(7)-Arg(8)-Trp(9)-Lys(10)]-NH(2)), which show agonist and antagonist activity at the h-MC4R, respectively, were comprehensively investigated by solution NMR spectroscopy in different environments. In particular, water and water/DMSO (8:2) solutions were used as isotropic solutions and an aqueous solution of DPC (dodecylphosphocholine) micelles was used as a membrane mimetic environment. NMR-derived conformations of these two ligands were docked within h-MC4R models. NMR and docking studies revealed intriguing differences which can help explain the different activities of these two ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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26
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Ballet S, Feytens D, Buysse K, Chung NN, Lemieux C, Tumati S, Keresztes A, Van Duppen J, Lai J, Varga E, Porreca F, Schiller PW, Vanden Broeck J, Tourwé D. Design of novel neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists based on conformationally constrained aromatic amino acids and discovery of a potent chimeric opioid agonist-neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2467-76. [PMID: 21413804 PMCID: PMC3096782 DOI: 10.1021/jm1016285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A screening of conformationally constrained aromatic amino acids as base cores for the preparation of new NK1 receptor antagonists resulted in the discovery of three new NK1 receptor antagonists, 19 [Ac-Aba-Gly-NH-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], 20 [Ac-Aba-Gly-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], and 23 [Ac-Tic-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], which were able to counteract the agonist effect of substance P, the endogenous ligand of NK1R. The most active NK1 antagonist of the series, 20 [Ac-Aba-Gly-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], was then used in the design of a novel, potent chimeric opioid agonist-NK1 receptor antagonist, 35 [Dmt-D-Arg-Aba-Gly-NMe-3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bn], which combines the N terminus of the established Dmt(1)-DALDA agonist opioid pharmacophore (H-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH(2)) and 20, the NK1R ligand. The opioid component of the chimeric compound 35, that is, Dmt-D-Arg-Aba-Gly-NH(2) (36), also proved to be an extremely potent and balanced μ and δ opioid receptor agonist with subnanomolar binding and in vitro functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ballet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Largent-Milnes TM, Jacobsen NE, Davis P, Ma SW, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Discovery of a potent and efficacious peptide derivative for δ/μ opioid agonist/neurokinin 1 antagonist activity with a 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine: in vitro, in vivo, and NMR-based structural studies. J Med Chem 2011; 54:2029-38. [PMID: 21366266 DOI: 10.1021/jm101023r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent ligands with δ/μ opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist activities have shown promising analgesic potency without detectable sign of toxicities, including motor skill impairment and opioid-induced tolerance. To improve their biological activities and metabolic stability, structural optimization was performed on our peptide-derived lead compounds by introducing 2',6'-dimethyl-L-tyrosine (Dmt) instead of Tyr at the first position. The compound 7 (Dmt-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bzl]) showed improved multivalent bioactivities compared to those of the lead compounds, had more than 6 h half-life in rat plasma, and had significant antinociceptive efficacy in vivo. The NMR structural analysis suggested that Dmt(1) incorporation in compound 7 induces the structured conformation in the opioid pharmacophore (N-terminus) and simultaneously shifts the orientation of the NK1 pharmacophore (C-terminus), consistent with its affinities and activities at both opioid and NK1 receptors. These results indicate that compound 7 is a valuable research tool to seek a novel analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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28
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Jacobsen NE, Kulkarni V, Davis P, Ma SW, Navratilova E, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Biological and conformational evaluation of bifunctional compounds for opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists possessing two penicillamines. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5491-501. [PMID: 20617791 DOI: 10.1021/jm100157m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain states and tolerance to opioids can result from system changes in the CNS, such as up-regulation of the NK1 receptor and substance P, lead to antiopioid effects in ascending or descending pain-signaling pathways. Bifunctional compounds, possessing both the NK1 antagonist pharmacophore and the opioid agonist pharmacophore with delta-selectivity, could counteract these system changes to have significant analgesic efficacy without undesirable side effects. As a result of the introduction of cyclic and topological constraints with penicillamines, 2 (Tyr-cyclo[d-Pen-Gly-Phe-Pen]-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)-Bzl]) was found as the best bifunctional compound with effective NK1 antagonist and potent opioid agonist activities, and 1400-fold delta-selectivity over the mu-receptor. The NMR structural analysis of 2 revealed that the relative positioning of the two connected pharmacophores as well as its cyclic and topological constraints might be responsible for its excellent bifunctional activities as well as its significant delta-opioid selectivity. Together with the observed high metabolic stability, 2 could be considered as a valuable research tool and possibly a promising candidate for a novel analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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29
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Di Cianni A, Carotenuto A, Brancaccio D, Novellino E, Reubi JC, Beetschen K, Papini AM, Ginanneschi M. Novel Octreotide Dicarba-analogues with High Affinity and Different Selectivity for Somatostatin Receptors. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6188-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1005868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Cianni
- Laboratory of Peptides & Proteins, Chemistry & Biology, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 5-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Napoli, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Karin Beetschen
- Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Laboratory of Peptides & Proteins, Chemistry & Biology, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 5-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mauro Ginanneschi
- Laboratory of Peptides & Proteins, Chemistry & Biology, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 5-13, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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30
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Jacobsen NE, Vagner J, Kulkarni V, Davis P, Ma SW, Navratilova E, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. Improving metabolic stability by glycosylation: bifunctional peptide derivatives that are opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2010; 52:5164-75. [PMID: 20560643 DOI: 10.1021/jm900473p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to obtain a metabolically more stable analgesic peptide derivative, O-beta-glycosylated serine (Ser(Glc)) was introduced into TY027 (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-3',5'-Bzl(CF(3))(2)) which was a previously reported bifunctional compound with delta/micro opioid agonist and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist activities and with a half-life of 4.8 h in rat plasma. Incorporation of Ser(Glc) into various positions of TY027 gave analogues with variable bioactivities. Analogue 6 (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Nle-Pro-Leu-Ser(Glc)-Trp-NH-3',5'-Bzl(CF(3))(2)) was found to have effective bifunctional activities with a well-defined conformation with two beta-turns based on the NMR conformational analysis in the presence of DPC micelles. In addition, 6 showed significant improvement in its metabolic stability (70 + or - 9% of 6 was intact after 24 h incubation in rat plasma). This improved metabolic stability, along with its effective and delta selective bifunctional activities, suggests that 6 could be an interesting research tool and possibly a promising candidate as a novel analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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31
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Abstract
From a scientific perspective, efforts to understand biology including what constitutes health and disease has become a chemical problem. However, chemists and biologists "see" the problems of understanding biology from different perspectives, and this has retarded progress in solving the problems especially as they relate to health and disease. This suggests that close collaboration between chemists and biologists is not only necessary but essential for progress in both the biology and chemistry that will provide solutions to the global questions of biology. This perspective has directed my scientific efforts for the past 45 years, and in this overview I provide my perspective of how the applications of synthetic chemistry, structural design, and numerous other chemical principles have intersected in my collaborations with biologists to provide new tools, new science, and new insights that were only made possible and fruitful by these collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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32
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Yamamoto T, Nair P, Ma SW, Davis P, Yamamura HI, Vanderah TW, Porreca F, Lai J, Hruby VJ. The biological activity and metabolic stability of peptidic bifunctional compounds that are opioid receptor agonists and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with a cystine moiety. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7337-43. [PMID: 19762245 PMCID: PMC2775479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In order to improve metabolic stability, a ring structure with a cystine moiety was introduced into TY027 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)Bzl]), which is a lead compound of our developing bifunctional peptide possessing opioid agonist and NK1 antagonist activities. TY038 (Tyr-cyclo[D-Cys-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-D-Cys]-Trp-NH-[3',5'-(CF(3))(2)Bzl]) was found as a highly selective delta opioid agonist over mu receptor in conventional tissue-based assays, together with an effective NK1 antagonist activity and good metabolic stability with more than 24h half life in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Padma Nair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Shou-wu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Peg Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Henry I. Yamamura
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Todd W. Vanderah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Josephine Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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