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Li F, Kopajtic TA, Katz JL, Luo D, Prisinzano TE, Imler GH, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Enantiopure N-Substituted Ortho-c Oxide-Bridged 5-Phenylmorphans. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248808. [PMID: 36557961 PMCID: PMC9785231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of enantiopure stereoisomers of N-2-phenylcyclopropylmethyl-substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, the E and Z isomers of an N-cinnamyl moiety, and N-propyl enantiomers were based on combining the most potent oxide-bridged phenylmorphan (the ortho-c isomer) with the most potent N-substituent that we previously found with a 5-(3-hydroxy)phenylmorphan (i.e., N-2-phenylcyclopropyl methyl moieties, N-cinnamyl, and N-propyl substituents). The synthesis of the eight enantiopure N-2-phenylcyclopropylmethyl ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans and six additional enantiomers of the N-substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans (N-E and Z-cinnamyl compounds, and N-propyl compounds) was accomplished. The synthesis started from common intermediates (3R,6aS,11aS)-10-methoxy-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methano-benzofuro[2,3-c]azocine (+)-6 and its enantiomer, (3S, 6aR, 11aR)-(-)-6, respectively. The enantiomers of ±-6 were obtained through salt formation with (S)-(+)- and (R)-(-)-p-methylmandelic acid, and the absolute configuration of the (R)-(-)-p-methylmandelate salt of (3S, 6aR, 11aR)-(-)-6 was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The enantiomeric secondary amines were reacted with N-(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl derivatives, 2-(E)-cinnamyl bromide, and (Z)-3-phenylacrylic acid. These products led to all of the desired N-derivatives of the ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Their opioid receptor binding affinity was measured. The compounds with MOR affinity < 50 nM were examined for their functional activity in the forskolin-induced cAMP accumulation assay. Only the enantiomer of the N-phenethyl ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan ((-)-1), and only the (3S,6aR,11aR)-2-(((1S,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)methyl)-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocin-10-ol isomer ((+)-17), and the N-phenylpropyl derivative ((-)-25) had opioid binding affinity < 50 nM. Both (-)-1 and (-)-25 were partial agonists in the cAMP assay, with the former showing high potency and low efficacy, and the latter with lower potency and less efficacy. Most interesting was the N-2-phenylcyclopropylmethyl (3S,6aR,11aR)-2-(1S,2S)-enantiomer ((+)-17). That compound had good MOR binding affinity (Ki = 11.9 nM) and was found to have naltrexone-like potency as a MOR antagonist (IC50 = 6.92 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Li
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Theresa A. Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Katz
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Thomas E. Prisinzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Gregory H. Imler
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Deschamps
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Arthur E. Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.J.); (K.C.R.); Tel.: +1-301-451-5028 (A.E.J.); +1-301-451-4799 (K.C.R.)
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
- Correspondence: (A.E.J.); (K.C.R.); Tel.: +1-301-451-5028 (A.E.J.); +1-301-451-4799 (K.C.R.)
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Wicks C, Hudlicky T, Rinner U. Morphine alkaloids: History, biology, and synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 86:145-342. [PMID: 34565506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides a short overview of the history of morphine since it's isolation by Sertürner in 1805. The biosynthesis of the title alkaloid as well as all total and formal syntheses of morphine and codeine published after 1996 are discussed in detail. The last section of this chapter provides a detailed overview of medicinally relevant derivatives of the title alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wicks
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Uwe Rinner
- IMC Fachhochschule Krems/IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria.
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Devi R, Das SK. Studies directed toward the exploitation of vicinal diols in the synthesis of (+)-nebivolol intermediates. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:571-578. [PMID: 28405237 PMCID: PMC5372751 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While the exploitation of the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as the source of chirality in the synthesis of acyclic molecules and saturated heterocycles has been tremendous, its synthetic utility toward chiral benzo-annulated heterocycles is relatively limited. Thus, in the search for wider applications of Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation-derived diols for the synthesis of benzo-annulated heterocycles, we report herein our studies in the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-1-((R)-6-fluorochroman-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol, (R)-1-((S)-6-fluorochroman-2-yl)ethane-1,2-diol and (S)-6-fluoro-2-((R)-oxiran-2-yl)chroman, which have been used as late-stage intermediates for the asymmetric synthesis of the antihypertensive drug (S,R,R,R)-nebivolol. Noteworthy is that a large number of racemic and asymmetric syntheses of nebivolol and their intermediates have been described in the literature, however, the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation has never been employed as the sole source of chirality for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjun Devi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam-784028, India
| | - Sajal Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, Assam-784028, India
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Prezzavento O, Arena E, Sánchez-Fernández C, Turnaturi R, Parenti C, Marrazzo A, Catalano R, Amata E, Pasquinucci L, Cobos EJ. (+)-and (-)-Phenazocine enantiomers: Evaluation of their dual opioid agonist/σ 1 antagonist properties and antinociceptive effects. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:603-610. [PMID: 27721146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
cis-N-Substituted N-normetazocine enantiomers possess peculiar pharmacological profiles. Indeed, dextro enantiomers bind with high affinity σ1 receptor while opposite enantiomers bind opioid receptors. In spite of their stereochemistry, cis-N-2-phenylethyl N-normetazocine (phenazocine) enantiomers showed mixed opioid/σ1 receptor profiles and a significant in vivo analgesia. To the best of our knowledge, there is no information available regarding the evaluation of σ1 pharmacological profile in the antinociceptive effects of (+)- and (-)-phenazocine. Therefore, the present study was designed to ascertain this component by in vitro and in vivo studies. In particular, we tested the σ1 affinity of both enantiomers by a predictive binding assay in absence or presence of phenytoin (DPH). Our results showed that DPH (1 mM) did not increase the σ1 receptor affinity of (+)-and (-)-phenazocine (Ki = 3.8 ± 0.4 nM, Ki = 85 ± 2.0 nM, respectively) suggesting a σ1 antagonist profile of both enantiomers. This σ1 antagonistic component of two phenazocine enantiomers was corroborated by in vivo studies in which the selective σ1 receptor agonist PRE-084, was able to unmask their σ1 antagonistic component associated with the opioid activity. The σ1 antagonistic component of (+)- and (-)-phenazocine may justify their analgesic activity and it suggests that they may constitute useful lead compounds to develop new ligands with this dual activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Prezzavento
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - E Arena
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - C Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - R Turnaturi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - C Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - A Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - R Catalano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - E Amata
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - L Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - E J Cobos
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain; Teófilo Hernando Institute for Drug Discovery, 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena 49. N-substituted rac-cis-4a-arylalkyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:531-9. [PMID: 25599950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Racemic N-substituted -1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols containing cis-4a-aralkyl groups were explored as probes for opioid receptors. Specifically cis-4a-phenylpropyl, -phenylbutyl, and-phenylpentyl groups coupled with widely varied substituents on the nitrogen atom were synthesized and their pharmacological profiles at opioid receptors examined. The study yielded compounds with good affinity and moderate to potent antagonist activity at the μ- and δ-opioid receptors, and agonist activity at the κ-opioid receptor. An N-allyl substituent in the C4a phenylpropyl series induced 6-fold higher affinity at δ-than μ-receptors, while an N-CPM substituent in the C4a (CH2)3Ph series led to a compound with high δ-affinity and potent δ-antagonist activity.
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Li F, Cheng K, Antoline JFG, Iyer MR, Matyas GR, Torres OB, Jalah R, Beck Z, Alving CR, Parrish DA, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Synthesis and immunological effects of heroin vaccines. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7211-32. [PMID: 24995943 PMCID: PMC4146676 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three haptens have been synthesized with linkers for attachment to carrier macromolecules at either the piperidino-nitrogen or via an introduced 3-amino group. Two of the haptens, with a 2-oxopropyl functionality at either C6, or at both the C3 and C6 positions on the 4,5-epoxymorphinan framework, as well as the third hapten (DiAmHap) with diamido moieties at both the C3 and C6 positions, should be much more stable in solution, or in vivo in a vaccine, than a hapten with an ester in one of those positions, as found in many heroin-based haptens. A "classical" opioid synthetic scheme enabled the formation of a 3-amino-4,5-epoxymorphinan which could not be obtained using palladium chemistry. Our vaccines are aimed at the reduction of the abuse of heroin and, as well, at the reduction of the effects of its predominant metabolites, 6-acetylmorphine and morphine. One of the haptens, DiAmHap, has given interesting results in a heroin vaccine and is clearly more suited for the purpose than the other two haptens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Li
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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7
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Iyer MR, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 47. Novel C4a- and N-substituted-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3298-309. [PMID: 23618710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-methyl rac-cis-4a-aralkyl- and alkyl-substituted-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols have been prepared (2a-l) using a simple previously designed synthetic route, in order to find a ligand that would interact with both μ- and δ-opioid receptors. A C4a-phenethyl derivative 2a, was found to have modest receptor affinity both at μ- (K(i)=60 nM) and δ-opioid receptors (K(i)=64 nM). The N-methyl substituent of 2a and that of other ligands in the series was then modified to obtain compounds with different N-substituents that might provide higher affinity at both receptors. A number of compounds differently substituted at C4a and N were synthesized and evaluated. Binding studies and functional assays revealed a moderately selective δ-antagonist (2l), selective μ-δ antagonists (3d, 3g), and a μ-κ antagonist (3f).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R Iyer
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
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8
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Li F, Deck JA, Dersch CM, Rothman RB, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 46. N-substituted-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-1,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthren-6- and 8-ols - carbocyclic relatives of f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:557-67. [PMID: 23168379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxide-bridged phenylmorphans were conceptualized as topologically distinct, structurally rigid ligands with 3-dimensional shapes that could not be appreciably modified on interaction with opioid receptors. An enantiomer of the N-phenethyl-substituted ortho-f isomer was found to have high affinity for the μ-receptor (K(i) = 7 nM) and was about four times more potent than naloxone as an antagonist. In order to examine the effect of introduction of a small amount of flexibility into these molecules, we have replaced the rigid 5-membered oxide ring with a more flexible 6-membered carbon ring. Synthesis of the new N-phenethyl-substituted tricyclic N-substituted-2,3,4,9,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-1,4a-(epiminoethano)phenanthren-6- and 8-ols resulted in a two carbon-bridged relative of the f-isomers, the dihydrofuran ring was replaced by a cyclohexene ring. The carbocyclic compounds had much higher affinity and greater selectivity for the μ-receptor than the f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. They were also much more potent μ-antagonists, with activities comparable to naltrexone in the [(35)S]GTP-γ-S assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Li
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
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9
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Li F, Folk JE, Cheng K, Kurimura M, Deck JA, Deschamps JR, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 43. Synthesis of the ortho-a and para-a, and improved synthesis and optical resolution of the ortho-b and para-b oxide-bridged phenylmorphans: compounds with moderate to low opioid-receptor affinity. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:4330-7. [PMID: 21684752 PMCID: PMC3145320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Phenethyl-substituted ortho-a and para-a oxide-bridged phenylmorphans have been obtained through an improved synthesis and their binding affinity examined at the various opioid receptors. Although the N-phenethyl substituent showed much greater affinity for μ- and κ-opioid receptors than their N-methyl relatives (e.g., K(i)=167 nM and 171 nM at μ- and κ-receptors vs >2800 and 7500 nM for the N-methyl ortho-a oxide-bridged phenylmorphan), the a-isomers were not examined further because of their relatively low affinity. The N-phenethyl substituted ortho-b and para-b oxide-bridged phenylmorphans were also synthesized and their enantiomers were obtained using supercritical fluid chromatography. Of the four enantiomers, only the (+)-ortho-b isomer had moderate affinity for μ- and κ-receptors (K(i)=49 and 42 nM, respectively, and it was found to also have moderate μ- and κ-opioid antagonist activity in the [(35)S]GTP-γ-S assay (K(e)=31 and 26 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - John E. Folk
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Kejun Cheng
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Muneaki Kurimura
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Jason A. Deck
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Deschamps
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard B. Rothman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christina M. Dersch
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arthur E. Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
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Recyclable chiral diamine–polyoxometalate (POM) acids catalyzed asymmetric direct aldol reaction of aromatic aldehydes with long-chain aliphatic ketones. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim JH, Deschamps JR, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Folk JE, Cheng K, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 42: synthesis and in vitro pharmacological characterization of the N-methyl and N-phenethyl analogues of the racemic ortho-c and para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3434-43. [PMID: 21570305 PMCID: PMC3115714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesis of N-methyl and N-phenethyl substituted ortho-c and para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, using N-benzyl- rather than N-methyl-substituted intermediates, was used and the pharmacological properties of these compounds were determined. The N-phenethyl substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan(rac-(3R,6aS,11aS)-2-phenethyl-2,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-1H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocin-10-ol (12)) was found to have the highest μ-opioid receptor affinity (K(i)=1.1 nM) of all of the a- through f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Functional data ([³⁵S]GTP-γ-S) showed that the racemate 12 was more than three times more potent than naloxone as an μ-opioid antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA.
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12
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Cheng K, Lee YS, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Bittman RW, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 41. Unusual inverse μ-agonists and potent μ-opioid antagonists by modification of the N-substituent in enantiomeric 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphans. J Med Chem 2011; 54:957-69. [PMID: 21247164 DOI: 10.1021/jm1011676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conformational restraint in the N-substituent of enantiomeric 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)morphans was conferred by the addition of a cyclopropane ring or a double bond. All of the possible enantiomers and isomers of the N-substituted compounds were synthesized. Opioid receptor binding assays indicated that some of them had about 20-fold higher μ-affinity than the compound with an N-phenylpropyl substituent (K(i) = 2-450 nM for the examined compounds with various N-substituents). Most of the compounds acted unusually as inverse agonists in the [(35)S]GTP-γ-S functional binding assay using nondependent cells that stably express the cloned human μ-opioid receptor. Two of the N-substituted compounds with a cyclopropane ring were very potent μ-opioid antagonists ((+)-29, K(e) = 0.17 and (-)-30, K(e) =0.3) in the [(35)S]GTP-γ-S functional binding assay. By comparison of the geometry-optimized structures of the newly synthesized compounds, an attempt was made to rationalize their μ-opioid receptor affinity in terms of the spatial position of N-substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejun Cheng
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9415, United States
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Sally EJ, Xu H, Dersch CM, Hsin LW, Chang LT, Prisinzano TE, Simpson DS, Giuvelis D, Rice KC, Jacobson AE, Cheng K, Bilsky EJ, Rothman RB. Identification of a novel "almost neutral" micro-opioid receptor antagonist in CHO cells expressing the cloned human mu-opioid receptor. Synapse 2010; 64:280-8. [PMID: 19953652 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The basal (constitutive) activity of G protein-coupled receptors allows for the measurement of inverse agonist activity. Some competitive antagonists turn into inverse agonists under conditions where receptors are constitutively active. In contrast, neutral antagonists have no inverse agonist activity, and they block both agonist and inverse agonist activity. The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) demonstrates detectable constitutive activity only after a state of dependence is produced by chronic treatment with a MOR agonist. We therefore sought to identify novel MOR inverse agonists and novel neutral MOR antagonists in both untreated and agonist-treated MOR cells. CHO cells expressing the cloned human mu receptor (hMOR-CHO cells) were incubated for 20 h with medium (control) or 10 microM (2S,4aR,6aR,7R,9S,10aS,10bR)-9-(benzoyloxy)-2-(3-furanyl)dodecahydro-6a,10b-dimethyl-4,10-dioxo-2H-naphtho-[2,1-c]pyran-7-carboxylic acid methyl ester (herkinorin, HERK). HERK treatment generates a high degree of basal signaling and enhances the ability to detect inverse agonists. [(35)S]-GTP-gamma-S assays were conducted using established methods. We screened 21 MOR "antagonists" using membranes prepared from HERK-treated hMOR-CHO cells. All antagonists, including CTAP and 6beta-naltrexol, were inverse agonists. However, LTC-274 ((-)-3-cyclopropylmethyl-2,3,4,4alpha,5,6,7,7alpha-octahydro-1H-benzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-ol)) showed the lowest efficacy as an inverse agonist, and, at concentrations less than 5 nM, had minimal effects on basal [(35)S]-GTP-gamma-S binding. Other efforts in this study identified KC-2-009 ((+)-3-((1R,5S)-2-((Z)-3-phenylallyl)-2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-5-yl)phenol hydrochloride) as an inverse agonist at untreated MOR cells. In HERK-treated cells, KC-2-009 had the highest efficacy as an inverse agonist. In summary, we identified a novel and selective MOR inverse agonist (KC-2-009) and a novel MOR antagonist (LTC-274) that shows the least inverse agonist activity among 21 MOR antagonists. LTC-274 is a promising lead compound for developing a true MOR neutral antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott J Sally
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, IRP, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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Iyer MR, Lee YS, Deschamps JR, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 40. N-substituted cis-4a-ethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ols. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:91-9. [PMID: 20005115 PMCID: PMC2818504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted rac-cis-4a-ethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-8-ols have been prepared using a simple synthetic route previously designed for synthesis of related cis-2-methyl-4a-alkyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols. The new phenolic compounds, where the aromatic hydroxy moiety is situated ortho to the oxygen atom in the oxide-bridged ring, do not interact as well as the pyridin-6-ols with opioid receptors. The N-para-fluorophenethyl derivative had the highest mu-opioid receptor affinity of the examined compounds (K(i)=0.35 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R. Iyer
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Yong Sok Lee
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Division of Computational Bioscience, CIT, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jeffrey R. Deschamps
- Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375, USA
| | - Richard B. Rothman
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Christina M. Dersch
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arthur E. Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA
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Zhang Y, Lee YS, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. 39. Enantiomeric N-substituted benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols: synthesis and topological relationship to oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. J Med Chem 2009; 52:7570-9. [PMID: 19627147 DOI: 10.1021/jm9004225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomers of N-substituted benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols have been synthesized, and the subnanomolar affinity and potent agonist activity of the known racemic N-phenethyl substituted benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol can now be ascribed to the 4aS,9aR enantiomer. The energy-minimized structures suggest that the active enantiomer bears a greater three-dimensional resemblance to morphine than to an ostensibly structurally similar oxide-bridged phenylmorphan. Structural features of the conformers of N-substituted benzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ols were compared to provide the rationale for their binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Health and Human Services, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9415, USA
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Abstract
This paper is the 31st consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2008 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Iyer MR, Deschamps JR, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. PROBES FOR NARCOTIC RECEPTOR MEDIATED PHENOMENA. 38. AN EXPEDITIOUS SYNTHESIS OF RAC-CIS-4a-ETHYL-2-METHYL-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-HEXAHYDROBENZOFURO[2,3-c]PYRIDIN-6-OL AND RAC-CIS-2-METHYL-4a-PHENETHYL-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-HEXAHYDROBENZOFURO[2,3-c]PYRIDIN-6-OL. HETEROCYCLES 2009; 79:1061. [PMID: 20101277 PMCID: PMC2714916 DOI: 10.3987/com-09-s(d)84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high-yielding five-step synthesis of cis-benzofuropyridin-6-ols provided an improved route to compounds with low to subnanomolar affinity at opioid receptors and high antinociceptive potency. This synthesis provided the known rac-cis-4a-ethyl-2-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol (1a) in high yield, and the novel rac-cis-2-methyl-4a-phenethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9a-hexahydrobenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridin-6-ol (1b). It was achieved using NBS to prepare the key intermediate 7. Di-demethylation followed by subsequent displacement of the bromine by the phenolic ion in hot Et(3)N gave the desired 1a. The structure of 1a was confirmed by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malliga R Iyer
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Services, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4N03, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415
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