1
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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2
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Legros C, Rojas A, Dupré C, Brasseur C, Riest‐Fery I, Muller O, Ortuno J, Nosjean O, Guenin S, Ferry G, Boutin JA. Approach to the specificity and selectivity between D2 and D3 receptors by mutagenesis and binding experiments part I: Expression and characterization of D2 and D3 receptor mutants. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4459. [PMID: 36177735 PMCID: PMC9667827 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
D3/D2 sub-specificity is a complex problem to solve. Indeed, in the absence of easy structural biology of the G-protein coupled receptors, and despite key progresses in this area, the systematic knowledge of the ligand/receptor relationship is difficult to obtain. Due to these structural biology limitations concerning membrane proteins, we favored the use of directed mutagenesis to document a rational towards the discovery of markedly specific D3 ligands over D2 ligands together with basic binding experiments. Using our methodology of stable expression of receptors in HEK cells, we constructed the gene encoding for 24 mutants and 4 chimeras of either D2 or D3 receptors and expressed them stably. Those cell lines, expressing a single copy of one receptor mutant each, were stably constructed, selected, amplified and the membranes from them were prepared. Binding data at those receptors were obtained using standard binding conditions for D2 and D3 dopamine receptors. We generated 26 new molecules derived from D2 or D3 ligands. Using 8 reference compounds and those 26 molecules, we characterized their binding at those mutants and chimeras, exemplifying an approach to better understand the difference at the molecular level of the D2 and D3 receptors. Although all the individual results are presented and could be used for minute analyses, the present report does not discuss the differences between D2 and D3 data. It simply shows the feasibility of the approach and its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Legros
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Anne Rojas
- Chimie MédicinaleInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Clémence Dupré
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Chantal Brasseur
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Isabelle Riest‐Fery
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Olivier Muller
- Chimie MédicinaleInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | | | - Olivier Nosjean
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Sophie‐Pénélope Guenin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Gilles Ferry
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
| | - Jean A. Boutin
- Pôle d'expertise Biotechnologie, Chimie, BiologieInstitut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and CommunicationUniversity of NormandyRouenFrance
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3
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Design, Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Conformationally Restricted N-arylpiperazine Derivatives Characterized as D 2/D 3 Receptor Ligands, Candidates for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081112. [PMID: 36009006 PMCID: PMC9405847 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative diseases are multifactorial, and the discovery of several molecular mechanisms related to their pathogenesis is constantly advancing. Dopamine and dopaminergic receptor subtypes are involved in the pathophysiology of several neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression and drug addiction. For this reason, the dopaminergic system and dopamine receptor ligands play a key role in the treatment of such disorders. In this context, a novel series of conformationally restricted N-arylpiperazine derivatives (5a–f) with a good affinity for D2/D3 dopamine receptors is reported herein. Compounds were designed as interphenylene analogs of the drugs aripiprazole (2) and cariprazine (3), presenting a 1,3-benzodioxolyl subunit as a ligand of the secondary binding site of these receptors. The six new N-arylpiperazine compounds were synthesized in good yields by using classical methodologies, and binding and guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-shift studies were performed. Affinity values below 1 μM for both target receptors and distinct profiles of intrinsic efficacy were found. Docking studies revealed that Compounds 5a–f present a different binding mode with dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, mainly as a consequence of the conformational restriction imposed on the flexible spacer groups of 2 and 3.
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4
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Tarui A, Kamata E, Ebisu K, Kawai Y, Araki R, Yabe T, Karuo Y, Sato K, Kawai K, Omote M. Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-2-arylethylamines as fluorinated analogs of octopamine and noradrenaline. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrtact
A series of 2,2-difluoro-2-arylethylamines was synthesized as fluorinated analogs of octopamine and noradrenaline with the expectation of bioisosteric OH/F exchanges. The syntheses of these compounds were performed by a Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of 4-(bromodifluoroacetyl)morpholine with aryl boronic acids to produce the intermediate 2,2-difluoro-2-arylacetamides, followed by transformation of difluoroacetamide to difluoroethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Erika Kamata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Koji Ebisu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Yui Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Ryota Araki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Yabe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University , 45-1, Nagaotoge-cho , Hirakata , Osaka 573-0101 , Japan
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5
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Juza R, Vojtechova I, Stefkova-Mazochova K, Dehaen W, Petrasek T, Prchal L, Kobrlova T, Janousek J, Vlcek P, Mezeiova E, Svozil D, Karasova JZ, Pejchal J, Stark H, Satala G, Bojarski AJ, Kubacka M, Mogilski S, Randakova A, Musilek K, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Novel D2/5-HT receptor modulators related to cariprazine with potential implication to schizophrenia treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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6
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Lan W, Lei R, Luo J, Qin Z, Fu B, Xie L. A Facile Approach to Benzosultam‐fused 4‐Imidazolidinone Derivatives from N‐Sulfonyl Ketimine and α‐Halogenated Hydroxamates. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Rong‐chao Lei
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Luo
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- College of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P. R. China
| | - Lei Xie
- School of Pharmacy Liaocheng University Shandong 252000 P. R. China
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7
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Kumar B, Kumar N, Thakur A, Kumar V, Kumar R, Kumar V. A Review on the Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Potential Therapeutics for the Treatment of Various Neurological Disorders. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:729-751. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220117104038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Neurological disorders are disease conditions related to the neurons and central nervous system (CNS). Any kind of structural, electrical, biochemical and functional abnormalities in neurons can lead to various types of disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression, Parkinson’s disease (PD), epilepsy, stroke, etc. Currently available medicines are symptomatic and do not treat the disease state. Thus, novel CNS active agents with the potential of complete treatment of an illness are highly desired. A range of small organic molecules are being explored as potential drug candidates for the cure of different neurological disorders. In this context, arylpiperazine has been found to be a versatile scaffold and indispensable pharmacophore in many CNS active agents. A number of molecules with arylpiperazine nucleus have been developed as potent leads for the treatment of AD, PD, depression and other disorders. The arylpiperazine nucleus can be optionally substituted at different chemical structures and offer flexibility for the synthesis of large number of derivatives. In the current review article, we have explored the role of various arylpiperazine containing scaffolds against different neurological disorders, including AD, PD, and depression. The structure-activity relationship studies were conducted for recognizing potent lead compounds. This review article may provide important clues on the structural requirements for the design and synthesis of effective molecules as curative agents for different neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India-151401
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8
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Oh T, Daadi ES, Kim J, Daadi EW, Chen PJ, Roy-Choudhury G, Bohmann J, Blass BE, Daadi MM. Dopamine D3 receptor ligand suppresses the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in nonhuman primate model of parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2022; 347:113920. [PMID: 34762921 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex multisystem, chronic and so far incurable disease with significant unmet medical needs. The incidence of PD increases with aging and the expected burden will continue to escalate with our aging population. Since its discovery in the 1961 levodopa has remained the gold standard pharmacotherapy for PD. However, the progressive nature of the neurodegenerative process in and beyond the nigrostriatal system causes a multitude of side effects, including levodopa-induced dyskinesia within 5 years of therapy. Attenuating dyskinesia has been a significant challenge in the clinical management of PD. We report on a small molecule that eliminates the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and significantly improves PD-like symptoms. The lead compound PD13R we discovered is a dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist with high affinity and selectivity, orally active and with desirable drug-like properties. Future studies are aimed at developing this lead compound for treating PD patients with dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Oh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elyas S Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Etienne W Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peng-Jen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gourav Roy-Choudhury
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Benjamin E Blass
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Moulder Center for Drug Discovery Research, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcel M Daadi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Radiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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9
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Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Dopamine Receptor D 2 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1 H)-one Derivatives Related to Aripiprazole. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091262. [PMID: 34572475 PMCID: PMC8464836 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this pilot study, a series of new 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potential dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) modulators were synthesized and evaluated in vitro. The preliminary structure-activity relationship disclosed that compound 5e exhibited the highest D2R affinity among the newly synthesized compounds. In addition, 5e showed a very low cytotoxic profile and a high probability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which is important considering the observed affinity. However, molecular modelling simulation revealed completely different binding mode of 5e compared to USC-D301, which might be the culprit of the reduced affinity of 5e toward D2R in comparison with USC-D301.
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10
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Bhunia SS, Saxena AK. Efficiency of Homology Modeling Assisted Molecular Docking in G-protein Coupled Receptors. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:269-294. [PMID: 32901584 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200908165250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular docking is in regular practice to assess ligand affinity on a target protein crystal structure. In the absence of protein crystal structure, the homology modeling or comparative modeling is the best alternative to elucidate the relationship details between a ligand and protein at the molecular level. The development of accurate homology modeling (HM) and its integration with molecular docking (MD) is essential for successful, rational drug discovery. OBJECTIVE The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are attractive therapeutic targets due to their immense role in human pharmacology. The GPCRs are membrane-bound proteins with the complex constitution, and the understanding of their activation and inactivation mechanisms is quite challenging. Over the past decade, there has been a rapid expansion in the number of solved G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) crystal structures; however, the majority of the GPCR structures remain unsolved. In this context, HM guided MD has been widely used for structure-based drug design (SBDD) of GPCRs. METHODS The focus of this review is on the recent (i) developments on HM supported GPCR drug discovery in the absence of GPCR crystal structures and (ii) application of HM in understanding the ligand interactions at the binding site, virtual screening, determining receptor subtype selectivity and receptor behaviour in comparison with GPCR crystal structures. RESULTS The HM in GPCRs has been extremely challenging due to the scarcity in template structures. In such a scenario, it is difficult to get accurate HM that can facilitate understanding of the ligand-receptor interactions. This problem has been alleviated to some extent by developing refined HM based on incorporating active /inactive ligand information and inducing protein flexibility. In some cases, HM proteins were found to outscore crystal structures. CONCLUSION The developments in HM have been highly operative to gain insights about the ligand interaction at the binding site and receptor functioning at the molecular level. Thus, HM guided molecular docking may be useful for rational drug discovery for the GPCRs mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shome S Bhunia
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kashipur, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil K Saxena
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow 226031, India
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11
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Allikalt A, Purkayastha N, Flad K, Schmidt MF, Tabor A, Gmeiner P, Hübner H, Weikert D. Fluorescent ligands for dopamine D 2/D 3 receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21842. [PMID: 33318558 PMCID: PMC7736868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent ligands are versatile tools for the study of G protein-coupled receptors. Depending on the fluorophore, they can be used for a range of different applications, including fluorescence microscopy and bioluminescence or fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET or FRET) assays. Starting from phenylpiperazines and indanylamines, privileged scaffolds for dopamine D2-like receptors, we developed dansyl-labeled fluorescent ligands that are well accommodated in the binding pockets of D2 and D3 receptors. These receptors are the target proteins for the therapy for several neurologic and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. The dansyl-labeled ligands exhibit binding affinities up to 0.44 nM and 0.29 nM at D2R and D3R, respectively. When the dansyl label was exchanged for sterically more demanding xanthene or cyanine dyes, fluorescent ligands 10a-c retained excellent binding properties and, as expected from their indanylamine pharmacophore, acted as agonists at D2R. While the Cy3B-labeled ligand 10b was used to visualize D2R and D3R on the surface of living cells by total internal reflection microscopy, ligand 10a comprising a rhodamine label showed excellent properties in a NanoBRET binding assay at D3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Allikalt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nirupam Purkayastha
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Khajidmaa Flad
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian F Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Tabor
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Weikert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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12
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Park SE, Paudel P, Wagle A, Seong SH, Kim HR, Fauzi FM, Jung HA, Choi JS. Luteolin, a Potent Human Monoamine Oxidase-A Inhibitor and Dopamine D 4 and Vasopressin V 1A Receptor Antagonist. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10719-10729. [PMID: 32869630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin, a flavonoid widely distributed in the plant kingdom, contains two benzene rings and hydroxyl groups, and this structural specificity contributes to its diverse biological activities. However, no previous studies have simultaneously investigated the therapeutic potency of luteolin isolated from a plant as an antipsychotic and antidepressant. Here, luteolin exhibited selective inhibition of hMAO-A (IC50 = 8.57 ± 0.47 μM) over hMAO-B (IC50 > 100 μM). In silico proteochemometric modeling predicted promising targets of luteolin, and verification via cell-based G protein-coupled receptor functional assays showed that luteolin is a selective antagonist of the vasopressin receptor V1AR (IC50 = 19.49 ± 6.32 μM) and the dopamine D4 receptor (IC50 = 39.59 ± 1.46 μM). Molecular docking showed the tight binding of luteolin with a low binding score and the high stability of the luteolin-receptor complex, corroborating its functional effect. Thus, hMAO-A, hD4R, and hV1AR are prime targets of luteolin and potential alternatives for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Aditi Wagle
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rak Kim
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42 300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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13
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Gienger M, Hübner H, Löber S, König B, Gmeiner P. Structure-based development of caged dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor antagonists. Sci Rep 2020; 10:829. [PMID: 31965029 PMCID: PMC6972920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57770-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter of great physiological relevance. Disorders in dopaminergic signal transduction are associated with psychiatric and neurological pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and substance abuse. Therefore, a detailed understanding of dopaminergic neurotransmission may provide access to novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Caged compounds with photoremovable groups represent molecular tools to investigate a biological target with high spatiotemporal resolution. Based on the crystal structure of the D3 receptor in complex with eticlopride, we have developed caged D2/D3 receptor ligands by rational design. We initially found that eticlopride, a widely used D2/D3 receptor antagonist, was photolabile and therefore is not suitable for caging. Subtle structural modification of the pharmacophore led us to the photostable antagonist dechloroeticlopride, which was chemically transformed into caged ligands. Among those, the 2-nitrobenzyl derivative 4 (MG307) showed excellent photochemical stability, pharmacological behavior and decaging properties when interacting with dopamine receptor-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gienger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Löber
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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14
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Pirzer AS, Lasch R, Friedrich H, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Heinrich MR. Benzyl Phenylsemicarbazides: A Chemistry-Driven Approach Leading to G Protein-Biased Dopamine D4 Receptor Agonists with High Subtype Selectivity. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9658-9679. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Pirzer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roman Lasch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike Friedrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Vass M, Podlewska S, de Esch IJP, Bojarski AJ, Leurs R, Kooistra AJ, de Graaf C. Aminergic GPCR-Ligand Interactions: A Chemical and Structural Map of Receptor Mutation Data. J Med Chem 2018; 62:3784-3839. [PMID: 30351004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aminergic family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays an important role in various diseases and represents a major drug discovery target class. Structure determination of all major aminergic subfamilies has enabled structure-based ligand design for these receptors. Site-directed mutagenesis data provides an invaluable complementary source of information for elucidating the structural determinants of binding of different ligand chemotypes. The current study provides a comparative analysis of 6692 mutation data points on 34 aminergic GPCR subtypes, covering the chemical space of 540 unique ligands from mutagenesis experiments and information from experimentally determined structures of 52 distinct aminergic receptor-ligand complexes. The integrated analysis enables detailed investigation of structural receptor-ligand interactions and assessment of the transferability of combined binding mode and mutation data across ligand chemotypes and receptor subtypes. An overview is provided of the possibilities and limitations of using mutation data to guide the design of novel aminergic receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márton Vass
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smętna 12 , PL31-343 Kraków , Poland
| | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology , Polish Academy of Sciences , Smętna 12 , PL31-343 Kraków , Poland
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS) , VU University Amsterdam , 1081HZ Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
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16
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Plevin D, Mohan T, Bastiampillai T. The role of the GABAergic system in catatonia-Insights from clozapine and benzodiazepines. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 32:145-146. [PMID: 29272785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Plevin
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Titus Mohan
- Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Tarun Bastiampillai
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) - Mind and Brain, Adelaide, Australia
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17
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Draper-Joyce CJ, Michino M, Verma RK, Klein Herenbrink C, Shonberg J, Kopinathan A, Scammells PJ, Capuano B, Thal DM, Javitch JA, Christopoulos A, Shi L, Lane JR. The structural determinants of the bitopic binding mode of a negative allosteric modulator of the dopamine D 2 receptor. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 148:315-328. [PMID: 29325769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SB269652 is a negative allosteric modulator of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) yet possesses structural similarity to ligands with a competitive mode of interaction. In this study, we aimed to understand the ligand-receptor interactions that confer its allosteric action. We combined site-directed mutagenesis with molecular dynamics simulations using both SB269652 and derivatives from our previous structure activity studies. We identify residues within the conserved orthosteric binding site (OBS) and a secondary binding pocket (SBP) that determine affinity and cooperativity. Our results indicate that interaction with the SBP is a requirement for allosteric pharmacology, but that both competitive and allosteric derivatives of SB269652 can display sensitivity to the mutation of a glutamate residue (E952.65) within the SBP. Our findings provide the molecular basis for the differences in affinity between SB269652 derivatives, and reveal how changes to interactions made by the primary pharmacophore of SB269652 in the orthosteric pocket can confer changes in the interactions made by the secondary pharmacophore in the SBP. Our insights provide a structure-activity framework towards rational optimization of bitopic ligands for D2R with tailored competitive versus allosteric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Carmen Klein Herenbrink
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anitha Kopinathan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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18
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Männel B, Jaiteh M, Zeifman A, Randakova A, Möller D, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Carlsson J. Structure-Guided Screening for Functionally Selective D 2 Dopamine Receptor Ligands from a Virtual Chemical Library. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:2652-2661. [PMID: 28846380 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Functionally selective ligands stabilize conformations of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that induce a preference for signaling via a subset of the intracellular pathways activated by the endogenous agonists. The possibility to fine-tune the functional activity of a receptor provides opportunities to develop drugs that selectively signal via pathways associated with a therapeutic effect and avoid those causing side effects. Animal studies have indicated that ligands displaying functional selectivity at the D2 dopamine receptor (D2R) could be safer and more efficacious drugs against neuropsychiatric diseases. In this work, computational design of functionally selective D2R ligands was explored using structure-based virtual screening. Molecular docking of known functionally selective ligands to a D2R homology model indicated that such compounds were anchored by interactions with the orthosteric site and extended into a common secondary pocket. A tailored virtual library with close to 13 000 compounds bearing 2,3-dichlorophenylpiperazine, a privileged orthosteric scaffold, connected to diverse chemical moieties via a linker was docked to the D2R model. Eighteen top-ranked compounds that occupied both the orthosteric and allosteric site were synthesized, leading to the discovery of 16 partial agonists. A majority of the ligands had comparable maximum effects in the G protein and β-arrestin recruitment assays, but a subset displayed preference for a single pathway. In particular, compound 4 stimulated β-arrestin recruitment (EC50 = 320 nM, Emax = 16%) but had no detectable G protein signaling. The use of structure-based screening and virtual libraries to discover GPCR ligands with tailored functional properties will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Männel
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mariama Jaiteh
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexey Zeifman
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena Randakova
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dorothee Möller
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science
for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Möller D, Banerjee A, Uzuneser TC, Skultety M, Huth T, Plouffe B, Hübner H, Alzheimer C, Friedland K, Müller CP, Bouvier M, Gmeiner P. Discovery of G Protein-Biased Dopaminergics with a Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine Substructure. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2908-2929. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Möller
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ashutosh Banerjee
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Taygun C. Uzuneser
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marika Skultety
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Huth
- Institute
of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Alzheimer
- Institute
of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Friedland
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 4, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian P. Müller
- Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada H3C 1J4
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstraße 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Kumar V, Moritz AE, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Sibley CD, Free RB, Shi L, Lane JR, Sibley DR, Newman AH. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel trans-Cyclopropylmethyl-Linked Bivalent Ligands That Exhibit Selectivity and Allosteric Pharmacology at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R). J Med Chem 2017; 60:1478-1494. [PMID: 28186762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of bitopic ligands directed toward D2-like receptors has proven to be of particular interest to improve the selectivity and/or affinity of these ligands and as an approach to modulate and bias their efficacies. The structural similarities between dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)-selective molecules that display bitopic or allosteric pharmacology and those that are simply competitive antagonists are subtle and intriguing. Herein we synthesized a series of molecules in which the primary and secondary pharmacophores were derived from the D3R-selective antagonists SB269,652 (1) and SB277011A (2) whose structural similarity and pharmacological disparity provided the perfect templates for SAR investigation. Incorporating a trans-cyclopropylmethyl linker between pharmacophores and manipulating linker length resulted in the identification of two bivalent noncompetitive D3R-selective antagonists, 18a and 25a, which further delineates SAR associated with allosterism at D3R and provides leads toward novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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21
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Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Pommier E, Rais R, Slusher BS, Gardner E, You ZB, Xi ZX, Newman AH. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7634-50. [PMID: 27508895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent and precipitous increase in opioid analgesic abuse and overdose has inspired investigation of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) as a target for therapeutic intervention. Metabolic instability or predicted toxicity has precluded successful translation of previously reported D3R-selective antagonists to clinical use for cocaine abuse. Herein, we report a series of novel and D3R crystal structure-guided 4-phenylpiperazines with exceptionally high D3R affinities and/or selectivities with varying efficacies. Lead compound 19 was selected based on its in vitro profile: D3R Ki = 6.84 nM, 1700-fold D3R versus D2R binding selectivity, and its metabolic stability in mouse microsomes. Compound 19 inhibited oxycodone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice and reduced oxycodone-induced locomotor sensitization. In addition, pretreatment with 19 also dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition of oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. These findings support the D3R as a target for opioid dependence treatment and compound 19 as a new lead molecule for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical & Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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22
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Butini S, Nikolic K, Kassel S, Brückmann H, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Gemma S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Campiani G, Stark H. Polypharmacology of dopamine receptor ligands. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:68-103. [PMID: 27234980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of designed multiple ligands holds great promises and appears as the next step in drug development for the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. Dopamine and its five receptor subtypes are intimately involved in numerous neurological disorders. Dopamine receptor ligands display a high degree of cross interactions with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes and ion channels. For brain disorders like Parkinsońs disease, schizophrenia and depression the dopaminergic system, being intertwined with many other signaling systems, plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy. The concept of designed multiple ligands and polypharmacology, which perfectly meets the therapeutic needs for these brain disorders, is herein discussed as a general ligand-based concept while focusing on dopaminergic agents and receptor subtypes in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - K Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Kassel
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Filipic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Brogi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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23
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Duan X, Zhang X, Xu B, Wang F, Lei M. Computational Study and Modified Design of Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:142-54. [PMID: 26851125 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptor (D3 R) is considered as a potential target for the treatment of nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Current research interests primarily focus on the discovery and design of potent D3 agonists. In this work, we selected 40 D3 R agonists as the research system. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) of three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), structure-selectivity relationship (3D-QSSR), and molecular docking was performed on D3 receptor agonists to obtain the details at atomic level. The results indicated that both the CoMFA model (r(2) = 0.982, q(2) = 0.503, rpred2 = 0.893, SEE = 0.057, F = 166.308) for structure-activity and (r(2) = 0.876, q(2) = 0.436, rpred2 = 0.828, F = 52.645) for structure-selectivity have good predictive capabilities. Furthermore, docking studies on three compounds binding to D3 receptor were performed to analyze the binding modes and interactions. The results elucidate that agonists formed hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions with key residues. Finally, we designed six molecules under the guidance of 3D-QSAR/QSSR models. The activity and selectivity of designed molecules have been improved, and ADMET properties demonstrate they have low probability of hepatotoxicity (<0.5). These results from 3D-QSAR/QSSR and docking studies have great significance for designing novel dopamine D3 selective agonists in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Binglin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Materia Medica, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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24
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Kling RC, Clark T, Gmeiner P. Comparative MD Simulations Indicate a Dual Role for Arg1323.50 in Dopamine-Dependent D2R Activation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146612. [PMID: 26741139 PMCID: PMC4704829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Residue Arg3.50 belongs to the highly conserved DRY-motif of class A GPCRs, which is located at the bottom of TM3. On the one hand, Arg3.50 has been reported to help stabilize the inactive state of GPCRs, but on the other hand has also been shown to be crucial for stabilizing active receptor conformations and mediating receptor-G protein coupling. The combined results of these studies suggest that the exact function of Arg3.50 is likely to be receptor-dependent and must be characterized independently for every GPCR. Consequently, we now present comparative molecular-dynamics simulations that use our recently described inactive-state and Gα-bound active-state homology models of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), which are either bound to dopamine or ligand-free, performed to identify the function of Arg1323.50 in D2R. Our results are consistent with a dynamic model of D2R activation in which Arg1323.50 adopts a dual role, both by stabilizing the inactive-state receptor conformation and enhancing dopamine-dependent D2R-G protein coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf C. Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Design, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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25
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Kassel S, Schwed JS, Stark H. Dopamine D3 receptor agonists as pharmacological tools. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1480-99. [PMID: 25498414 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the dopaminergic innervation in the central nervous system plays a key role in different neurological disorders like Parkinson´s disease, restless legs syndrome, schizophrenia etc. Although dopamine D3 receptors have been recognized as an important target in these diseases, their full pharmacological properties need further investigations. With focus on dopamine D3 receptor full agonists, this review has divided the ergoline and non-ergoline ligands in dissimilar chemical subclasses describing their pharmacodynamic properties on different related receptors, on species differences and their functional properties on different signaling mechanism. This is combined with a short description of structure-activity relationships for each class. Therefore, this overview should support the rational choice for the optimal compound selection based on affinity, selectivity and efficacy data in biochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kassel
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - J S Schwed
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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26
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Stucchi M, Gmeiner P, Huebner H, Rainoldi G, Sacchetti A, Silvani A, Lesma G. Multicomponent Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Piperazine-Based Dopamine Receptor Ligand Library. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:882-7. [PMID: 26288260 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,4-disubstituted piperazine-based compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as dopamine D2/D3 receptor ligands. The synthesis relies on the key multicomponent split-Ugi reaction, assessing its great potential in generating chemical diversity around the piperazine core. With the aim of evaluating the effect of such diversity on the dopamine receptor affinity, a small library of compounds was prepared, applying post-Ugi transformations. Ligand stimulated binding assays indicated that some compounds show a significant affinity, with K i values up to 53 nM for the D2 receptor. Molecular docking studies with the D2 and D3 receptor homology models were also performed on selected compounds. They highlighted key interactions at the indole head and at the piperazine moiety, which resulted in good agreement with the known pharmacophore models, thus helping to explain the observed structure-activity relationship data. Molecular insights from this study could enable a rational improvement of the split-Ugi primary scaffold, toward more selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Stucchi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Huebner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rainoldi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ing. Chimica “Giulio
Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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27
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1,4-Disubstituted aromatic piperazines with high 5-HT2A/D2 selectivity: Quantitative structure-selectivity investigations, docking, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6195-209. [PMID: 26299826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous targeting of dopamine D2 and 5-HT2A receptors for the treatment of schizophrenia is one key feature of typical and atypical antipsychotics. In most of the top-selling antipsychotic drugs like aripiprazole and risperidone, high affinity to both receptors can be attributed to the presence of 1,4-disubstituted aromatic piperazines or piperidines as primary receptor recognition elements. Taking advantage of our in-house library of phenylpiperazine-derived dopamine receptor ligands and experimental data, we established highly significant CoMFA and CoMSIA models for the prediction of 5-HT2A over D2 selectivity. Subsequently, the models were applied to identify the selective candidates 55-57 from our newly synthesized library of GPCR ligands comprising a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine head group and a 1,2,3-triazole based linker unit. The test compound 57 showed subnanomolar a Ki value (0.64 nM) for 5-HT2A and more than 10- and 30-fold selectivity over the dopamine receptor isoforms D2S and D2L, respectively.
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28
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Shonberg J, Draper-Joyce C, Mistry SN, Christopoulos A, Scammells PJ, Lane JR, Capuano B. Structure-activity study of N-((trans)-4-(2-(7-cyano-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (SB269652), a bitopic ligand that acts as a negative allosteric modulator of the dopamine D2 receptor. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5287-307. [PMID: 26052807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that SB269652 (1) engages one protomer of a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) dimer in a bitopic mode to allosterically inhibit the binding of dopamine at the other protomer. Herein, we investigate structural determinants for allostery, focusing on modifications to three moieties within 1. We find that orthosteric "head" groups with small 7-substituents were important to maintain the limited negative cooperativity of analogues of 1, and replacement of the tetrahydroisoquinoline head group with other D2R "privileged structures" generated orthosteric antagonists. Additionally, replacement of the cyclohexylene linker with polymethylene chains conferred linker length dependency in allosteric pharmacology. We validated the importance of the indolic NH as a hydrogen bond donor moiety for maintaining allostery. Replacement of the indole ring with azaindole conferred a 30-fold increase in affinity while maintaining negative cooperativity. Combined, these results provide novel SAR insight for bitopic ligands that act as negative allosteric modulators of the D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Shonberg
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Draper-Joyce
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Robert Lane
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- †Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Michino M, Beuming T, Donthamsetti P, Newman AH, Javitch JA, Shi L. What can crystal structures of aminergic receptors tell us about designing subtype-selective ligands? Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:198-213. [PMID: 25527701 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that represent an important class of drug targets. In particular, aminergic GPCRs interact with a significant portion of drugs currently on the market. However, most drugs that target these receptors are associated with undesirable side effects, which are due in part to promiscuous interactions with close homologs of the intended target receptors. Here, based on a systematic analysis of all 37 of the currently available high-resolution crystal structures of aminergic GPCRs, we review structural elements that contribute to and can be exploited for designing subtype-selective compounds. We describe the roles of secondary binding pockets (SBPs), as well as differences in ligand entry pathways to the orthosteric binding site, in determining selectivity. In addition, using the available crystal structures, we have identified conformational changes in the SBPs that are associated with receptor activation and explore the implications of these changes for the rational development of selective ligands with tailored efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
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30
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Duan X, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang F, Lei M. Molecular modeling and docking study on dopamine D2-like and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 57:143-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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31
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Szabo M, Lim HD, Herenbrink CK, Christopoulos A, Lane JR, Capuano B. Proof of concept study for designed multiple ligands targeting the dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2A, and muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1550-5. [PMID: 25590655 DOI: 10.1021/jm5013243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the hybridization of a benzoxazinone M1 scaffold with D2 privileged structures derived from putative and clinically relevant antipsychotics to develop designed multiple ligands. The M1 mAChR is an attractive target for the cognitive deficits in key CNS disorders. Moreover, activity at D2 and 5-HT2A receptors has proven useful for antipsychotic efficacy. We identified 9 which retained functional activity at the target M1 mAChR and D2R and demonstrated high affinity for the 5-HT2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Szabo
- Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Sapegin AV, Kalinin SA, Smirnov AV, Dorogov MV, Krasavin M. Efficient Use of 1,2-Dihaloazine Synthons in Transition-Metal-Free Preparation of Diverse Heterocycle-Fused 1,4-Oxazepines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Keck TM, Burzynski C, Shi L, Newman AH. Beyond small-molecule SAR: using the dopamine D3 receptor crystal structure to guide drug design. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 69:267-300. [PMID: 24484980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. The high protein sequence homology between the D3 and D2 receptors has posed a challenge to developing D3 receptor-selective ligands whose behavioral actions can be attributed to D3 receptor engagement, in vivo. However, through primarily small-molecule structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a variety of chemical scaffolds have been discovered over the past two decades that have resulted in several D3 receptor-selective ligands with high affinity and in vivo activity. Nevertheless, viable clinical candidates remain limited. The recent determination of the high-resolution crystal structure of the D3 receptor has invigorated structure-based drug design, providing refinements to the molecular dynamic models and testable predictions about receptor-ligand interactions. This chapter will highlight recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential utility of D3 receptor-selective ligands in the treatment of addiction. In addition, new structure-based rational drug design strategies for D3 receptor-selective ligands that complement traditional small-molecule SAR to improve the selectivity and directed efficacy profiles are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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34
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Kooistra AJ, Kuhne S, de Esch IJP, Leurs R, de Graaf C. A structural chemogenomics analysis of aminergic GPCRs: lessons for histamine receptor ligand design. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:101-26. [PMID: 23713847 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chemogenomics focuses on the discovery of new connections between chemical and biological space leading to the discovery of new protein targets and biologically active molecules. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a particularly interesting protein family for chemogenomics studies because there is an overwhelming amount of ligand binding affinity data available. The increasing number of aminergic GPCR crystal structures now for the first time allows the integration of chemogenomics studies with high-resolution structural analyses of GPCR-ligand complexes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we have combined ligand affinity data, receptor mutagenesis studies, and amino acid sequence analyses to high-resolution structural analyses of (hist)aminergic GPCR-ligand interactions. This integrated structural chemogenomics analysis is used to more accurately describe the molecular and structural determinants of ligand affinity and selectivity in different key binding regions of the crystallized aminergic GPCRs, and histamine receptors in particular. KEY RESULTS Our investigations highlight interesting correlations and differences between ligand similarity and ligand binding site similarity of different aminergic receptors. Apparent discrepancies can be explained by combining detailed analysis of crystallized or predicted protein-ligand binding modes, receptor mutation studies, and ligand structure-selectivity relationships that identify local differences in essential pharmacophore features in the ligand binding sites of different receptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have performed structural chemogenomics studies that identify links between (hist)aminergic receptor ligands and their binding sites and binding modes. This knowledge can be used to identify structure-selectivity relationships that increase our understanding of ligand binding to (hist)aminergic receptors and hence can be used in future GPCR ligand discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kooistra
- Faculty of Sciences, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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35
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Kling RC, Tschammer N, Lanig H, Clark T, Gmeiner P. Active-state model of a dopamine D2 receptor-Gαi complex stabilized by aripiprazole-type partial agonists. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100069. [PMID: 24932547 PMCID: PMC4059746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial agonists exhibit a submaximal capacity to enhance the coupling of one receptor to an intracellular binding partner. Although a multitude of studies have reported different ligand-specific conformations for a given receptor, little is known about the mechanism by which different receptor conformations are connected to the capacity to activate the coupling to G-proteins. We have now performed molecular-dynamics simulations employing our recently described active-state homology model of the dopamine D2 receptor-Gαi protein-complex coupled to the partial agonists aripiprazole and FAUC350, in order to understand the structural determinants of partial agonism better. We have compared our findings with our model of the D2R-Gαi-complex in the presence of the full agonist dopamine. The two partial agonists are capable of inducing different conformations of important structural motifs, including the extracellular loop regions, the binding pocket and, in particular, intracellular G-protein-binding domains. As G-protein-coupling to certain intracellular epitopes of the receptor is considered the key step of allosterically triggered nucleotide-exchange, it is tempting to assume that impaired coupling between the receptor and the G-protein caused by distinct ligand-specific conformations is a major determinant of partial agonist efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf C. Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nuska Tschammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Lanig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Central Institute for Scientific Computing, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Design, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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36
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Kumar V, Banala AK, Garcia EG, Cao J, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Deschamps JR, Newman AH. Chiral Resolution and Serendipitous Fluorination Reaction for the Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Antagonist BAK2-66. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:647-51. [PMID: 24944737 DOI: 10.1021/ml500006v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The improved chiral synthesis of the selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonist (R)-N-(4-(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-hydroxybutyl)1H-indole-2-carboxamide (( R )-PG648) is described. The same chiral secondary alcohol intermediate was used to prepare the enantiomers of a 3-F-benzofuranyl analogue, BAK 2-66. The absolute configurations of the 3-F enantiomers were assigned from their X-ray crystal structures that confirmed retention of configuration during fluorination with N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). ( R )-BAK2-66 showed higher D3R affinity and selectivity than its (S)-enantiomer; however, it had lower D3R affinity and enantioselectivity than ( R )-PG648. Further, importance of the 4-atom linker length between the aryl amide and 4-phenylpiperazine was demonstrated with the 4-fluorobutyl-product (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K. Banala
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Erick G. Garcia
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeffery R. Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6030, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal
Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch,
National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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37
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Chen J, Levant B, Jiang C, Keck TM, Newman AH, Wang S. Tranylcypromine substituted cis-hydroxycyclobutylnaphthamides as potent and selective dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4962-8. [PMID: 24848155 PMCID: PMC4216217 DOI: 10.1021/jm401798r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
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We
report a class of potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor
antagonists based upon tranylcypromine. Although tranylcypromine
has a low affinity for the rat D3 receptor (Ki = 12.8 μM), our efforts have yielded (1R,2S)-11 (CJ-1882), which
has Ki values of 2.7 and 2.8 nM at the
rat and human dopamine D3 receptors, respectively, and
displays respective selectivities of >10000-fold and 223-fold over
the rat and human D2 receptors. Evaluation in a β-arrestin
functional assay showed that (1R,2S)-11 is a potent and competitive antagonist at the human
D3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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38
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Möller D, Kling RC, Skultety M, Leuner K, Hübner H, Gmeiner P. Functionally selective dopamine D₂, D₃ receptor partial agonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4861-75. [PMID: 24831693 DOI: 10.1021/jm5004039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptor-promoted activation of Gα(o) over Gα(i) may increase synaptic plasticity and thereby might improve negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Heterocyclic dopamine surrogates comprising a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine moiety were synthesized and investigated for their binding properties when low- to subnanomolar K(i) values were determined for D(2L), D(2S), and D3 receptors. Measurement of [(35)S]GTPγS incorporation at D(2S) coexpressed with G-protein subunits indicated significant bias for promotion of Gα(o1) over Gα(i2) coupling for several test compounds. Functionally selective D(2S) activation was most striking for the carbaldoxime 8b (Gα(o1), pEC50 = 8.87, E(max) = 65%; Gα(i2), pEC50 = 6.63, E(max) = 27%). In contrast, the investigated 1,4-disubstituted aromatic piperazines (1,4-DAPs) behaved as antagonists for β-arrestin-2 recruitment, implying significant ligand bias for G-protein activation over β-arrestin-2 recruitment at D(2S) receptors. Ligand efficacy and selectivity between D(2S) and D3 activation were strongly influenced by regiochemistry and the nature of functional groups attached to the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Möller
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University , Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
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39
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Du P, Xu L, Huang J, Yu K, Zhao R, Gao B, Jiang H, Zhao W, Zhen X, Fu W. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indolebutylamines as a novel class of selective dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 82:326-35. [PMID: 23663349 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of indolebutylamine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a novel class of selective ligands for the dopamine 3 receptor. The most potent compound 11q binds to dopamine 3 receptor with a Ki value of 124 nm and displays excellent selectivity over the dopamine 1 receptor and dopamine 2 receptor. Investigation based on structural information indicates that site S182 located in extracellular loop 2 may account for high selectivity of compounds. Interaction models of the dopamine 3 receptor-11q complex and structure-activity relationships were discussed by integrating all available experimental and computational data with the eventual aim to discover potent and selective ligands to dopamine 3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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40
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Modi G, Antonio T, Reith M, Dutta A. Structural modifications of neuroprotective anti-Parkinsonian (-)-N6-(2-(4-(biphenyl-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-ethyl)-N6-propyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole-2,6-diamine (D-264): an effort toward the improvement of in vivo efficacy of the parent molecule. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1557-72. [PMID: 24471976 PMCID: PMC3983390 DOI: 10.1021/jm401883v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In our overall goal to develop multifunctional dopamine D2/D3 agonist drugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), we previously synthesized potent D3 preferring agonist D-264 (1a), which exhibited neuroprotective properties in two animal models of PD. To enhance the in vivo efficacy of 1a, a structure-activity relationship study was carried out. Competitive binding and [(35)S]GTPγS functional assays identified compound (-)-9b as one of the lead molecules with preferential D3 agonist activity (EC50(GTPγS); D3 = 0.10 nM; D2/D3 (EC50): 159). Compounds (-)-9b and (-)-8b exhibited high in vivo activity in two PD animal models, reserpinized and 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced unilateral lesioned rats. On the other hand, 1a failed to show any in vivo activity in these models unless the compound was dissolved in 5-10% beta-hydroxy propyl cyclodextrin solution. Lead compounds exhibited appreciable radical scavenging activity. In vitro experiments with dopaminergic MN9D cells indicated neuroprotection by both 1a and (-)-9b from toxicity of MPP+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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41
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van Wieringen JP, Shalgunov V, Janssen HM, Fransen PM, Janssen AGM, Michel MC, Booij J, Elsinga PH. Synthesis and characterization of a novel series of agonist compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for imaging dopamine D₂/₃ receptors in their high-affinity state. J Med Chem 2014; 57:391-410. [PMID: 24325578 DOI: 10.1021/jm401384w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of dopamine D2/3 receptors (D2/3R) can shed light on the nature of several neuropsychiatric disorders in which dysregulation of D2/3R signaling is involved. Agonist D2/3 tracers for PET/SPECT imaging are considered to be superior to antagonists because they are more sensitive to dopamine concentrations and may selectively label the high-affinity receptor state. Carbon-11-labeled D2/3R agonists have been developed, but these short-lived tracers can be used only in centers with a cyclotron. Here, we report the development of a series of novel D2R agonist compounds based on the 2-aminomethylchromane (AMC) scaffold that provides ample opportunities for the introduction of longer-lived [(18)F] or [(123)I]. Binding experiments showed that several AMC compounds have a high affinity and selectivity for D2/3R and act as agonists. Two fluorine-containing compounds were [(18)F]-labeled, and both displayed specific binding to striatal D2/3R in rat brain slices in vitro. These findings encourage further in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Peter van Wieringen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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42
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Modi G, Sharma H, Kharkar PS, Dutta AK. Understanding the Structural Requirements of Hybrid (S)-6-((2-(4-Phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)(propyl)amino)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-ol and its Analogs as D2/D3 Receptor Ligands: A Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (3D QSAR) Investigation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014; 5:1384-1399. [PMID: 25221669 DOI: 10.1039/c4md00159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To gain insights into the structural requirements for dopamine D2 and D3 agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) and to elucidate the basis of selectivity for D3 over D2 (D2/D3), 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D QSAR) investigations using CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) and CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity indices analysis) methods were performed on a series of 45 structurally related D2 and D3 dopaminergic ligands. Two alignment methods (atom-based and flexible) and two charge calculation methods (Gasteiger-Hückel and AM1) were used in the present study. Overall, D2 affinity and selectivity (D2/D3) models performed better with r2cv values of 0.71 and 0.63 for CoMFA and 0.71 and 0.79 for CoMSIA, respectively. The corresponding predictive r2 values for the CoMFA and CoMSIA models were 0.92 and 0.86 and 0.91 and 0.78, respectively. The CoMFA models generated using flexible alignment outperformed the models with the atom-based alignment in terms of relevant statistics and interpretability of the generated contour maps while CoMSIA models obtained using atom-based alignment showed superiority in terms of internal and external predictive abilities. The presence of carbonyl group (C=O) attached to the piperazine ring and the hydrophobic biphenyl ring were found to be the most important features responsible for the D3 selectivity over D2. This study can be further utilized to design and develop selective and potent dopamine agonists to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201. USA
| | - Horrick Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201. USA
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management (SPPSPTM), SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai-400 056. India
| | - Aloke K Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences (EACPHS), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201. USA
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43
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Abdel-Fattah MAO, Lehmann J, Abadi AH. An Interactive SAR Approach to Discover Novel Hybrid Thieno Probes as Ligands for D2-Like Receptors with Affinities in the Subnanomolar Range. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:2247-66. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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44
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Fehler SK, Maschauer S, Höfling SB, Bartuschat AL, Tschammer N, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Prante O, Heinrich MR. Fast and efficient (18) F-labeling by [(18) f]fluorophenylazocarboxylic esters. Chemistry 2013; 20:370-5. [PMID: 24339325 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of [(18) F]fluoride ion into the aromatic core of phenylazocarboxylic esters was achieved in only 30 seconds, with radiochemical yields of up to 95 % (85(±10) %). For labeling purposes, the resulting (18) F-substituted azoester can be further converted in radical-arylation reactions to give biaryls, or in substitutions at its carbonyl unit to produce azocarboxamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Fehler
- Abteilung für Chemie und Pharmazie, Pharmazeutische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schuhstrasse 19, 91052 Erlangen (Germany)
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45
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Michino M, Donthamsetti P, Beuming T, Banala A, Duan L, Roux T, Han Y, Trinquet E, Newman AH, Javitch JA, Shi L. A single glycine in extracellular loop 1 is the critical determinant for pharmacological specificity of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:854-64. [PMID: 24061855 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtype-selective agents for the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have been considered as potential medications for drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the discovery of 4-phenylpiperazine derivatives that are >100-fold selective for the dopamine D3 receptor over dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), despite high sequence identity (78% in the transmembrane domain). Based on the recent crystal structure of D3R, we demonstrated that the 4-phenylpiperazine moiety in this class of D3R-selective compounds binds to the conserved orthosteric binding site, whereas the extended aryl amide moiety is oriented toward a divergent secondary binding pocket (SBP). In an effort to further characterize molecular determinants of the selectivity of these compounds, we modeled their binding modes in D3R and D2R by comparative ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the aryl amide moiety in the SBP differentially induces conformational changes in transmembrane segment 2 and extracellular loop 1 (EL1), which amplify the divergence of the SBP in D3R and D2R. Receptor chimera and site-directed mutagenesis studies were used to validate these binding modes and to identify a divergent glycine in EL1 as critical to D3R over D2R subtype selectivity. A better understanding of drug-dependent receptor conformations such as these is key to the rational design of compounds targeting a specific receptor among closely related homologs, and may also lead to discovery of novel chemotypes that exploit subtle differences in protein conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York (P.D., L.D., Y.H., J.A.J.); Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., L.D., Y.H., J.A.J.); Schrödinger, Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland (A.B., A.H.N.); and Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France (T.R., E.T.)
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46
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Pompeu TE, Alves FR, Figueiredo CD, Antonio CB, Herzfeldt V, Moura BC, Rates SM, Barreiro EJ, Fraga CA, Noël F. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of new N-phenylpiperazine derivatives designed as homologues of the antipsychotic lead compound LASSBio-579. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 66:122-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Abdelfattah MAO, Lehmann J, Abadi AH. Discovery of highly potent and selective D4 ligands by interactive SAR study. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5077-81. [PMID: 23920439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of thienylmethylphenylpiperazins was synthesized and tested for affinity towards the five subtypes of dopaminergic receptors. Compound 5f showed more than 1000 folds selectivity to D4 receptors; analogue 5e showed the highest affinity to D4 receptors with Ki 3.9 nM. An interactive SAR approach was adopted and lead to compound 14a with Ki (D4) as low as 0.03 nM. Molecular docking studies showed a potential, first to report arene cation interaction between the D4 unique residue Arg-186 and the ligands' arene moiety, explaining the importance of having a strong negative electrostatic potential at this area of the compound structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A O Abdelfattah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
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48
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Selvam B, Porter SL, Tikhonova IG. Addressing Selective Polypharmacology of Antipsychotic Drugs Targeting the Bioaminergic Receptors through Receptor Dynamic Conformational Ensembles. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:1761-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400282q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Selvam
- Molecular Therapeutics,
School of Pharmacy, Medical
Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Simon L. Porter
- Molecular Therapeutics,
School of Pharmacy, Medical
Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- Molecular Therapeutics,
School of Pharmacy, Medical
Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Queen’s University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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49
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Kling RC, Lanig H, Clark T, Gmeiner P. Active-state models of ternary GPCR complexes: determinants of selective receptor-G-protein coupling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67244. [PMID: 23826246 PMCID: PMC3691126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the recently described crystal structure of the β2 adrenergic receptor - Gs-protein complex, we report the first molecular-dynamics simulations of ternary GPCR complexes designed to identify the selectivity determinants for receptor-G-protein binding. Long-term molecular dynamics simulations of agonist-bound β2AR-Gαs and D2R-Gαi complexes embedded in a hydrated bilayer environment and computational alanine-scanning mutagenesis identified distinct residues of the N-terminal region of intracellular loop 3 to be crucial for coupling selectivity. Within the G-protein, specific amino acids of the α5-helix, the C-terminus of the Gα-subunit and the regions around αN-β1 and α4-β6 were found to determine receptor recognition. Knowledge of these determinants of receptor-G-protein binding selectivity is essential for designing drugs that target specific receptor/G-protein combinations.
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MESH Headings
- Alanine/genetics
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Dopamine/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Histidine/metabolism
- Ligands
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Mutagenesis
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/chemistry
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Structural Homology, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf C. Kling
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Lanig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Computer Chemistry Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Design, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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50
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Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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