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Kim HR, Byun DP, Thakur K, Ritchie J, Xie Y, Holewinski R, Suazo KF, Stevens M, Liechty H, Tagirasa R, Jing Y, Andresson T, Johnson SM, Yoo E. Discovery of a Tunable Heterocyclic Electrophile 4-Chloro-pyrazolopyridine That Defines a Unique Subset of Ligandable Cysteines. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1082-1092. [PMID: 38629450 PMCID: PMC11107811 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrophilic small molecules with novel reactivity are powerful tools that enable activity-based protein profiling and covalent inhibitor discovery. Here, we report a reactive heterocyclic scaffold, 4-chloro-pyrazolopyridine (CPzP) for selective modification of proteins via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) mechanism. Chemoproteomic profiling reveals that CPzPs engage cysteines within functionally diverse protein sites including ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5), inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2), and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). Through the optimization of appended recognition elements, we demonstrate the utility of CPzP for covalent inhibition of prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) by targeting a noncatalytic active-site cysteine. This study suggests that the proteome reactivity of CPzPs can be modulated by both electronic and steric features of the ring system, providing a new tunable electrophile for applications in chemoproteomics and covalent inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Rae Kim
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - David P. Byun
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kalyani Thakur
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Jennifer Ritchie
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yixin Xie
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ronald Holewinski
- Protein
Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Kiall F. Suazo
- Protein
Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Hope Liechty
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Ravichandra Tagirasa
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yihang Jing
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Protein
Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer
Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Steven M. Johnson
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Euna Yoo
- Chemical
Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Pätsi HT, Kilpeläinen TP, Jumppanen M, Uhari-Väänänen J, Wielendaele PV, De Lorenzo F, Cui H, Auno S, Saharinen J, Seppälä E, Sipari N, Savinainen J, De Meester I, Lambeir AM, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Myöhänen TT, Wallén EAA. 5-Aminothiazoles Reveal a New Ligand-Binding Site on Prolyl Oligopeptidase Which is Important for Modulation of Its Protein-Protein Interaction-Derived Functions. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5421-5436. [PMID: 38546708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-aminothiazole-based ligands for prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) comprise selective, potent modulators of the protein-protein interaction (PPI)-mediated functions of PREP, although they are only weak inhibitors of the proteolytic activity of PREP. The disconnected structure-activity relationships are significantly more pronounced for the 5-aminothiazole-based ligands than for the earlier published 5-aminooxazole-based ligands. Furthermore, the stability of the 5-aminothiazole scaffold allowed exploration of wider substitution patterns than that was possible with the 5-aminooxazole scaffold. The intriguing structure-activity relationships for the modulation of the proteolytic activity and PPI-derived functions of PREP were elaborated by presenting a new binding site for PPI modulating PREP ligands, which was initially discovered using molecular modeling and later confirmed through point mutation studies. Our results suggest that this new binding site on PREP is clearly more important than the active site of PREP for the modulation of its PPI-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri T Pätsi
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi P Kilpeläinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Jumppanen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uhari-Väänänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pieter Van Wielendaele
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Francesca De Lorenzo
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hengjing Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Samuli Auno
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Saharinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erin Seppälä
- School of Medicine/Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Nina Sipari
- Viikki Metabolomics Unit, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Savinainen
- School of Medicine/Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 8, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maija Lahtela-Kakkonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo T Myöhänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 63, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A A Wallén
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Ivanov I, Vasileva A, Tasheva D, Dimitrova M. Isolation and characterization of natural inhibitors of post-proline specific peptidases from the leaves of Cotinus coggygria Scop. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116508. [PMID: 37264880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cotinus coggygria has a number of applications in traditional medicine most of which are connected with its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Since inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized as triggering factors for cancer, anti-cancer activity has also been documented and the possible mechanisms of this activity are under investigation. Important components of C. coggygria extracts are shown to be hydrolysable gallotannins of which pentagalloyl-O-glucose has been studied in details. This compound inhibits various enzymes including prolyl oligopeptidase which is involved in tumorigenesis and tumour growth. According to our pilot studies, oligo-O-galloylglucoses with more than five galloyl residues are also presented in the herb of Bulgarian origin, but their activities have not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY To establish an extraction method by which it is possible to concentrate high molecular hydrolysable gallotannins from dried leaves of Cotinus coggygria and to determine their inhibitory properties towards prolyl oligopeptidase and fibroblast activation protein α. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried leaves of C. coggygria were extracted using different solvents in single-phase or biphasic systems under various extraction conditions. Main compounds of the extracts were identified by using high performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry. The extracts' inhibitory properties towards prolyl oligopeptidase and fibroblast activation protein α were studied on recombinant human enzymes by enzyme kinetic analyses using a fluorogenic substrate. RESULTS Ethyl acetate/water (pH 3.0) extraction of dried plant leaves proved to be the most efficient method for isolation of high molecular hydrolysable gallotannins which can be further concentrated by precipitation of dicyclohexylammonium salts in ethyl acetate. The main components of those extracts were oligo-O-galloyl glucoses with more than five gallic acid residues. They were shown to inhibit both enzymes studied but were about 30 times more effective inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase. CONCLUSIONS C. coggygria from Bulgarian origin is shown to possess a substantial quantity of oligo-O-galloyl glucoses with more than five gallic acid residues which has not been described thus far in the same herb from other sources. An extraction method useable for concentrating those compounds is established. They are found to inhibit prolyl oligopeptidase with a very good selectivity to fibroblast activation protein α. The previously described antitumor activity of this plant may be at least in part due to the inhibition of the above enzymes which has been shown to participate in the genesis and development of various types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str., Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria.
| | - Anelia Vasileva
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, 2, Zdrave Str., Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
| | - Donka Tasheva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 1, J. Bourchier blvd., Sofia, 1164, Bulgaria
| | - Mashenka Dimitrova
- Institute of Experimental Morphology, Pathology and Anthropology with Museum - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. G. Bonchev" Str., Bl. 25, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
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Wang G, Moitessier N, Mittermaier AK. Computational and biophysical methods for the discovery and optimization of covalent drugs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10866-10882. [PMID: 37609777 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03285j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Drugs that act by covalently attaching to their targets have been used to treat human diseases for over a hundred years. However, the deliberate design of covalent drugs was discouraged due to concerns of toxicity and off-target effects. Recent successes in covalent drug discovery have sparked fresh interest in this field. New screening and testing methods aimed at covalent inhibitors can play pivotal roles in facilitating the discovery process. This feature article focuses on computational and biophysical advances originating from our labs over the past decade and how these approaches have contributed to the design of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Anthony K Mittermaier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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Plescia J, Hédou D, Pousse ME, Labarre A, Dufresne C, Mittermaier A, Moitessier N. Modulating the selectivity of inhibitors for prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors and fibroblast activation protein-α for different indications. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114543. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baharin A, Ting TY, Goh HH. Post-Proline Cleaving Enzymes (PPCEs): Classification, Structure, Molecular Properties, and Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1330. [PMID: 35631755 PMCID: PMC9147577 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteases or peptidases are hydrolases that catalyze the breakdown of polypeptide chains into smaller peptide subunits. Proteases exist in all life forms, including archaea, bacteria, protozoa, insects, animals, and plants due to their vital functions in cellular processing and regulation. There are several classes of proteases in the MEROPS database based on their catalytic mechanisms. This review focuses on post-proline cleaving enzymes (PPCEs) from different peptidase families, as well as prolyl endoprotease/oligopeptidase (PEP/POP) from the serine peptidase family. To date, most PPCEs studied are of microbial and animal origins. Recently, there have been reports of plant PPCEs. The most common PEP/POP are members of the S9 family that comprise two conserved domains. The substrate-limiting β-propeller domain prevents unwanted digestion, while the α/β hydrolase catalyzes the reaction at the carboxyl-terminal of proline residues. PPCEs display preferences towards the Pro-X bonds for hydrolysis. This level of selectivity is substantial and has benefited the brewing industry, therapeutics for celiac disease by targeting proline-rich substrates, drug targets for human diseases, and proteomics analysis. Protein engineering via mutagenesis has been performed to improve heat resistance, pepsin-resistant capability, specificity, and protein turnover of PPCEs for pharmacological applications. This review aims to synthesize recent structure-function studies of PPCEs from different families of peptidases to provide insights into the molecular mechanism of prolyl cleaving activity. Despite the non-exhaustive list of PPCEs, this is the first comprehensive review to cover the biochemical properties, biological functions, and biotechnological applications of PPCEs from the diverse taxa.
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High-throughput optical assays for sensing serine hydrolases in living systems and their applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Translational imaging of the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) using the new ligand [ 68Ga]Ga-OncoFAP-DOTAGA. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1822-1832. [PMID: 34957527 PMCID: PMC9016025 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is an emerging target for molecular imaging and therapy in cancer. OncoFAP is a novel small organic ligand for FAP with very high affinity. In this translational study, we establish [68Ga]Ga-OncoFAP-DOTAGA (68Ga-OncoFAP) radiolabeling, benchmark its properties in preclinical imaging, and evaluate its application in clinical PET scanning. METHODS 68Ga-OncoFAP was synthesized in a cassette-based fully automated labeling module. Lipophilicity, affinity, and serum stability of 68Ga-OncoFAP were assessed by determining logD7.4, IC50 values, and radiochemical purity. 68Ga-OncoFAP tumor uptake and imaging properties were assessed in preclinical dynamic PET/MRI in murine subcutaneous tumor models. Finally, biodistribution and uptake in a variety of tumor types were analyzed in 12 patients based on individual clinical indications that received 163 ± 50 MBq 68Ga-OncoFAP combined with PET/CT and PET/MRI. RESULTS 68Ga-OncoFAP radiosynthesis was accomplished with high radiochemical yields. Affinity for FAP, lipophilicity, and stability of 68Ga-OncoFAP measured are ideally suited for PET imaging. PET and gamma counting-based biodistribution demonstrated beneficial tracer kinetics and high uptake in murine FAP-expressing tumor models with high tumor-to-blood ratios of 8.6 ± 5.1 at 1 h and 38.1 ± 33.1 at 3 h p.i. Clinical 68Ga-OncoFAP-PET/CT and PET/MRI demonstrated favorable biodistribution and kinetics with high and reliable uptake in primary cancers (SUVmax 12.3 ± 2.3), lymph nodes (SUVmax 9.7 ± 8.3), and distant metastases (SUVmax up to 20.0). CONCLUSION Favorable radiochemical properties, rapid clearance from organs and soft tissues, and intense tumor uptake validate 68Ga-OncoFAP as a powerful alternative to currently available FAP tracers.
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Hellinen L, Koskela A, Vattulainen E, Liukkonen M, Wegler C, Treyer A, Handin N, Svensson R, Myöhänen T, Poso A, Kaarniranta K, Artursson P, Urtti A. Inhibition of prolyl oligopeptidase: A promising pathway to prevent the progression of age-related macular degeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112501. [PMID: 34891119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a currently untreatable vision threatening disease. Impaired proteasomal clearance and autophagy in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and subsequent photoreceptor damage are connected with dry AMD, but detailed pathophysiology is still unclear. In this paper, we discover inhibition of cytosolic protease, prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP), as a potential pathway to treat dry AMD. We showed that PREP inhibitor exposure induced autophagy in the RPE cells, shown by increased LC3-II levels and decreased p62 levels. PREP inhibitor treatment increased total levels of autophagic vacuoles in the RPE cells. Global proteomics was used to examine the phenotype of a commonly used cell model displaying AMD characteristics, oxidative stress and altered protein metabolism, in vitro. These RPE cells displayed induced protein aggregation and clear alterations in macromolecule metabolism, confirming the relevance of the cell model. Differences in intracellular target engagement of PREP inhibitors were observed with cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). These differences were explained by intracellular drug exposure (the unbound cellular partition coefficient, Kpuu). Importantly, our data is in line with previous observations regarding the discrepancy between PREP's cleaving activity and outcomes in autophagy. This highlights the need to further explore PREP's role in autophagy so that more effective compounds can be designed to battle diseases in which autophagy induction is needed. The present work is the first report investigating the PREP pathway in the RPE and we predict that the PREP inhibitors can be further optimized for treatment of dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hellinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali Koskela
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 , Finland
| | - Elina Vattulainen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 , Finland
| | - Mikko Liukkonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 , Finland
| | - Christine Wegler
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrea Treyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Svensson
- Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timo Myöhänen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Poso
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 , Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala University Drug Optimization and Pharmaceutical Profiling Platform, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland; Drug Research Programme, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Biohybrid Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhoff, St. Petersburg 198504, Russia.
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Gattringer J, Ndogo OE, Retzl B, Ebermann C, Gruber CW, Hellinger R. Cyclotides Isolated From Violet Plants of Cameroon Are Inhibitors of Human Prolyl Oligopeptidase. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707596. [PMID: 34322026 PMCID: PMC8311463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine and the use of herbal remedies are well established in the African health care system. For instance, Violaceae plants are used for antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory applications in folk medicine. This study describes the phytochemical analysis and bioactivity screening of four species of the violet tribe Allexis found in Cameroon. Allexis cauliflora, Allexis obanensis, Allexis batangae and Allexis zygomorpha were evaluated for the expression of circular peptides (cyclotides) by mass spectrometry. The unique cyclic cystine-rich motif was identified in several peptides of all four species. Knowing that members of this peptide family are protease inhibitors, the plant extracts were evaluated for the inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Since all four species inhibited POP activity, a bioactivity-guided fractionation approach was performed to isolate peptide inhibitors. These novel cyclotides, alca 1 and alca 2 exhibited IC50 values of 8.5 and 4.4 µM, respectively. To obtain their amino acid sequence information, combinatorial enzymatic proteolysis was performed. The proteolytic fragments were evaluated in MS/MS fragmentation experiments and the full-length amino acid sequences were obtained by de novo annotation of fragment ions. In summary, this study identified inhibitors of the human protease POP, which is a drug target for inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Gattringer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Eteme Ndogo
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Ebermann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Identifies Alkaloid Inhibitors of Parkinson's Disease Associated Protein, Prolyl Oligopeptidase. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6687572. [PMID: 33897801 PMCID: PMC8052153 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6687572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder marked by the accumulation of the protein alpha synuclein. Studies have indicated the role of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), a serine protease, in alpha synuclein accumulation. Therefore, POP emerges as an attractive medicinal target. Traditionally, most of the early medicines have been plant-based owing to their ready availability and negligible side effects. Alkaloids owing to their neurotransmitter modulatory, anti-amyloid, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities have shown potential in neurodegenerative disease. In this work, we computationally evaluated alkaloid class of phytochemicals for their therapeutic efficacy against POP. Alkaloids were retrieved from the publically available database, Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), and screened for their drug likeness (Lipinski's rule of 5) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) in Discovery Studio by ensuring parameters suitable for a central nervous system disease such as blood-brain barrier (BBB) level set to ≤2, absorption level set to 0 and solubility level permitted set to 2, 3, or 4. Next, molecular docking was performed to learn about the affinity of the filtered alkaloids with the POP. Subsequently, molecular dynamic simulations were conducted to assess the reliability and stability of the alkaloid-protein complex. Our study identified metergoline, pipercallosine, celacinnine, lobeline, cystodytin G, lycoperine A, hookerianamide J, and martefragin A as putative lead compounds against POP. Among these, metergoline, pipercallosine, hookerianamide J, and lobeline showed the most promising results. These compounds demonstrated better or equivalent molecular docking scores in comparison to three POP inhibitors that had reached clinical trials, i.e., Z-321, S-17092, and JTP-4819. MD simulations indicated that these compounds remained intact at the active site while adhering to the binding mode and interaction patterns as that of the reported inhibitors. The research conducted here, therefore, provides evidence for conducting in vitro POP inhibitory studies of these newly identified plant-based POP inhibitors.
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Yamamoto F, Morisaka H, Ueda M, Watanabe K. Molecular characterization of a prolyl endopeptidase from a feather-degrading thermophile Meiothermus ruber H328. J Biochem 2020; 168:499-508. [PMID: 32597969 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl endopeptidase from an aerobic and Gram-negative thermophile Meiothermus ruber H328 (MrPEP) was purified in native and recombinant forms, but both preparations had comparable characteristics. Production of the native MrPEP was increased 10-fold by adding intact chicken feathers. The gene for MrPEP (mrH_2860) was cloned from the genome of strain H328 and found to have no signal sequence at the N-terminus. MrPEP is composed of two major domains: the β-propeller domain and the peptidase domain with a typical active site motif and catalytic triad. Based on extensive investigations with different types of peptide substrates and FRETS-25Xaa libraries, MrPEP showed strict preferences for Pro residue at the P1 position but broader preferences at the P2 and P3 positions in substrate specificity with stronger affinity for residues at the P3 position of substrate peptides that are longer than four residues in length. In conclusion, the molecular characterization of MrPEP resembles its animal counterparts more closely than bacterial counterparts in function and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Yamamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Hironobu Morisaka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Watanabe
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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The effect of prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors on alpha-synuclein aggregation and autophagy cannot be predicted by their inhibitory efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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14
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Grinev VS, Egorova AY. Synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Plescia J, Dufresne C, Janmamode N, Wahba AS, Mittermaier AK, Moitessier N. Discovery of covalent prolyl oligopeptidase boronic ester inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Kilpeläinen TP, Tyni JK, Lahtela-Kakkonen MK, Eteläinen TS, Myöhänen TT, Wallén EAA. Tetrazole as a Replacement of the Electrophilic Group in Characteristic Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1635-1640. [PMID: 31857839 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Phenylbutanoyl-aminoacyl-2(S)-tetrazolylpyrrolidines were studied as prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors. The compounds were more potent than expected from the assumption that the tetrazole would also here be a bioisostere of the carboxylic acid group and the corresponding carboxylic acids are at their best only weak inhibitors. The aminoacyl groups l-prolyl and l-alanyl gave potent inhibitors with IC50 values of 12 and 129 nM, respectively. This was in line with typical prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors; however, we did observe a difference with N-methyl-l-alanyl, which gave potent inhibitors in typical prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors but not in our novel compound series. Furthermore, all studied 4-phenylbutanoyl-aminoacyl-2(S)-tetrazolylpyrrolidines decreased α-synuclein dimerization at the concentration of 10 μM, also when they were only weak inhibitors of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme with an IC50 value of 205 μM. Molecular docking studies revealed that the compounds are likely to bind differently to the enzyme compared to typical prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors represented in this study by 4-phenylbutanoyl-aminoacyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi P. Kilpeläinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna K. Tyni
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija K. Lahtela-Kakkonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tony S. Eteläinen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo T. Myöhänen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A. A. Wallén
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Serfozo P, Wysocki J, Gulua G, Schulze A, Ye M, Liu P, Jin J, Bader M, Myöhänen T, García-Horsman JA, Batlle D. Ang II (Angiotensin II) Conversion to Angiotensin-(1-7) in the Circulation Is POP (Prolyloligopeptidase)-Dependent and ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2)-Independent. Hypertension 2019; 75:173-182. [PMID: 31786979 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.14071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Ang II (Angiotensin II)-Angiotensin-(1-7) axis of the Renin Angiotensin System encompasses 3 enzymes that form Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] directly from Ang II: ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), PRCP (prolylcarboxypeptidase), and POP (prolyloligopeptidase). We investigated their relative contribution to Ang-(1-7) formation in vivo and also ex vivo in serum, lungs, and kidneys using models of genetic ablation coupled with pharmacological inhibitors. In wild-type (WT) mice, infusion of Ang II resulted in a rapid increase of plasma Ang-(1-7). In ACE2-/-/PRCP-/- mice, Ang II infusion resulted in a similar increase in Ang-(1-7) as in WT (563±48 versus 537±70 fmol/mL, respectively), showing that the bulk of Ang-(1-7) formation in circulation is essentially independent of ACE2 and PRCP. By contrast, a POP inhibitor, Z-Pro-Prolinal reduced the rise in plasma Ang-(1-7) after infusing Ang II to control WT mice. In POP-/- mice, the increase in Ang-(1-7) was also blunted as compared with WT mice (309±46 and 472±28 fmol/mL, respectively P=0.01), and moreover, the rate of recovery from acute Ang II-induced hypertension was delayed (P=0.016). In ex vivo studies, POP inhibition with ZZP reduced Ang-(1-7) formation from Ang II markedly in serum and in lung lysates. By contrast, in kidney lysates, the absence of ACE2, but not POP, obliterated Ang-(1-7) formation from added Ang II. We conclude that POP is the main enzyme responsible for Ang II conversion to Ang-(1-7) in the circulation and in the lungs, whereas Ang-(1-7) formation in the kidney is mainly ACE2-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Serfozo
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.S., G.G., A.S., M.B.)
| | - Jan Wysocki
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.)
| | - Gvantca Gulua
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.S., G.G., A.S., M.B.)
| | - Arndt Schulze
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.S., G.G., A.S., M.B.)
| | - Minghao Ye
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.)
| | - Pan Liu
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.)
| | - Jing Jin
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.)
| | - Michael Bader
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (P.S., G.G., A.S., M.B.).,Max-Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin, Germany (M.B.)
| | - Timo Myöhänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy (T.M.), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Daniel Batlle
- From the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL (P.S., J.W., G.G., A.S., M.Y., P.L., J.J., D.B.)
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18
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Fernández MJF, Valero-Cases E, Rincon-Frutos L. Food Components with the Potential to be Used in the Therapeutic Approach of Mental Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:100-113. [PMID: 30255749 DOI: 10.2174/1389201019666180925120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological disorders represent a high influence in our society throughout the world. Although the symptoms arising from those diseases are well known, the causes and mechanisms are complex and depending on multiple factors. Some food components consumed as part of our diet have been studied regarding their incidence in different common neurological diseases such as Alzheimer disease, major depression, Parkinson disease, autism and schizophrenia among others. OBJECTIVE In this review, information has been gathered on the main evidences arising from studies on the most promising food components, related to their therapeutic potential, as part of dietary supplements or through the diet, as an alternative or a complement of the traditional drug treatments. Those food components include vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, carotenoids, polyphenols, bioactive peptides, probiotics, creatine and saponins. RESULTS Many in vitro and in vivo animal studies, randomized and placebo control trials, and systematic reviews on the scientific results published in the literature, have been discussed, highlighting the more recent advances, also with the aim to explore the main research needs. Particular attention has been paid to the mechanisms of action of the compounds regarding their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative properties and neuronal protection. CONCLUSION More research is needed to prove the therapeutic potential of the food components based on scientific evidence, also on intervention studies to demonstrate the improvement of neuronal and cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J F Fernández
- Agro-food Technology Department, High Polytechnic School, Miguel Hernandez University, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Estefanía Valero-Cases
- Agro-food Technology Department, High Polytechnic School, Miguel Hernandez University, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Rincon-Frutos
- Ocular Neurobiology Group, Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante UMH-CSIC, San Juan, Alicante, Spain
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19
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Plescia J, De Cesco S, Patrascu MB, Kurian J, Di Trani J, Dufresne C, Wahba AS, Janmamode N, Mittermaier AK, Moitessier N. Integrated Synthetic, Biophysical, and Computational Investigations of Covalent Inhibitors of Prolyl Oligopeptidase and Fibroblast Activation Protein α. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7874-7884. [PMID: 31393718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Plescia
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Stéphane De Cesco
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Mihai Burai Patrascu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jerry Kurian
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Justin Di Trani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Caroline Dufresne
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Alexander S. Wahba
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Naëla Janmamode
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Anthony K. Mittermaier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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20
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Shrivastava A, Srivastava S, Malik R, Alam MM, Shaqiquzamman M, Akhter M. Identification of novel small molecule non-peptidomimetic inhibitor for prolyl oligopeptidase through in silico and in vitro approaches. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1292-1305. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1602078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - M. Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Shaqiquzamman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, New Delhi, India
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21
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New tricks of prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors - A common drug therapy for several neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 161:113-120. [PMID: 30660495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) expression levels, protein distribution, and activity correlate with aging and are reported in many neurodegenerative conditions. Together with decreased neuropeptide levels observed in aging and neurodegeneration, and PREP's ability to cleave only small peptides, PREP was identified as a druggable target. Known PREP non-enzymatic functions were disregarded or attributed to PREP enzymatic activity, and several potent small molecule PREP inhibitors were developed during early stages of PREP research. These showed a lot of potential but with variable results in experimental memory models, however, the initial excitement was short-lived and all of the clinical trials were discontinued in either Phase I or II clinical trials for unknown reasons. Recently, PREP's ability to form protein-protein interactions, alter cell proliferation and autophagy has gained more attention than earlier recognized catalytical activity. Of new findings, particularly the aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) that is seen in the presence of PREP is especially interesting because PREP inhibitors are capable of altering aSyn-PREP interaction in a manner that reduces the aSyn dimerization process. Therefore, it is possible that PREP inhibitors that are altering interactions could have different characteristics than those aimed for strong inhibition of catalytic activity. Moreover, PREP co-localization with aSyn, tau, and amyloid-beta hints to PREP's possible role not only in the synucleinopathies but in other neurodegenerative diseases as well. This commentary will focus on less well-acknowledged non-enzymatic functions of PREP that may provide a better approach for the development of PREP inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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22
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De Matos R, Vuilleumier J, Mas C, Constant S, Staedler D, Gerber-Lemaire S. Inhibitor-conjugated harmonic nanoparticles targeting fibroblast activation protein. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31659-31669. [PMID: 35527932 PMCID: PMC9072645 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05299b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent progress in the engineering of nanosized inorganic materials presenting tailored physical properties and reactive surface for post-functionalization has opened promising avenues for the use of nanoparticles (NPs) in diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Surface decoration of metal oxide NPs with ligands modulating circulation time, cellular uptake, affinity and extravasation through active targeting led to efficient cancer specific bioimaging probes. The most relevant cancer biomarkers studied so far include surface and transmembrane cancer cell receptors. More recently, tumor microenvironments and more specifically the fibroblastic element of the tumor stroma have emerged as a valuable target for diagnosis and treatment of several types of cancers. In this study, a low molecular weight ligand targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), which is specifically expressed by activated fibroblasts of the tumor stroma, was synthesized. This ligand demonstrated nanomolar inhibition of FAP with high selectivity with respect to prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV, as well as good biocompatibility toward a human lung tissue model. Bismuth ferrite (BFO) harmonic nanoparticles (HNPs) conjugated to this ligand showed target-specific association to FAP as demonstrated by reverse ELISA-type assay using Human Fibroblast Activation Protein alpha/FAP Alexa Fluor® 594-conjugated Antibody and multiphoton multispectral microscopy experiments. These functionalized HNPs may provide new nanocarriers to explore the role of FAP in tumorigenesis and to target the fibroblastic component of the tumor microenvironment. Harmonic nanoparticles, functionalized with a selective inhibitor of FAP, provide imaging probes targeting the fibroblastic element of the tumor stroma.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël De Matos
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Vuilleumier
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - Davide Staedler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine
- University of Lausanne
- Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Gerber-Lemaire
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- Group for Functionalized Biomaterials
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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23
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The Angiotensin-(1-7) Axis: Formation and Metabolism Pathways. ANGIOTENSIN-(1-7) 2019. [PMCID: PMC7121467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22696-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Investigation of novel chemical scaffolds targeting prolyl oligopeptidase for neurological therapeutics. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 88:92-103. [PMID: 30665156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of several neurological disorders and α-synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease. Most of the known POP inhibitors failed in the clinical trials due to poor pharmacokinetic properties and blood-brain impermeability. Therefore, a training set of 30 structurally diverse compounds with a wide range of inhibitory activity against POP was used to generate a quantitative pharmacophore model, Hypo 3, to identify potential POP inhibitors with desirable drug-like properties. Validations through test set, cost analysis, and Fisher's randomization methods proved that Hypo 3 accurately predicted the known inhibitors among inactive compounds. Hypo 3 was employed as 3D query for virtual screening on an in-house drug-like chemical database containing compounds with good brain permeability and ADMET parameters. Database screening with Hypo 3 resulted in 99 compounds that were narrowed down to 21 compounds through molecular docking. Among them, five compounds were identified in our earlier studies, while two compounds showed in vitro POP inhibition. The current study proposed new 16 virtually screened compounds as potential inhibitors against POP that possess Gold docking score in the range of 64.61-75.74 and Chemscore of -32.25 to -38.35. Furthermore, the top scoring four hit compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations to reveal their appropriate binding modes and assessing binding free energies. The hit compounds interacted with POP effectively via hydrogen bonds with important active site residues along with hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the hit compounds had key inter-molecular interactions and better binding free energies as compared to the reference inhibitor. A potential new hydrogen bond interaction was discovered between Hit 2 with the Arg252 residue of POP. To conclude, we propose four hit compounds with new structural scaffolds against POP for the lead development of POP-based therapeutics for neurological disorders.
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25
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Harish BS, Uppuluri KB. Potential Anticoagulant Activity of Trypsin Inhibitor Purified from an Isolated Marine Bacterium Oceanimonas Sp. BPMS22 and its Kinetics. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:780-791. [PMID: 30121818 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-018-9848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Protease inhibitors control major biological protease activities to maintain physiological homeostasis. Marine bacteria isolated from oligotrophic conditions could be taxonomically distinct, metabolically unique, and offers a wide variety of biochemicals. In the present investigation, marine sediments were screened for the potential bacteria that can produce trypsin inhibitors. A moderate halotolerant novel marine bacterial strain of Oceanimonas sp. BPMS22 was isolated, identified, and characterized. The effect of various process parameters like salt concentration, temperature, and pH was studied on the growth of the bacteria and production of trypsin inhibitor. Further, the trypsin inhibitor was purified to near homogeneity using anion exchange, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography. The purified trypsin inhibitor was found to competitively inhibit trypsin activity with an inhibition coefficient, Ki, of 3.44 ± 0.13 μM and second-order association rate constant, kass, of 1.08 × 103 M-1 S-1. The proteinaceous trypsin inhibitor had a molecular weight of approximately 30 kDa. The purified trypsin inhibitor showed anticoagulant activity on the human blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Harish
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India
| | - Kiran Babu Uppuluri
- Bioprospecting Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
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26
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Manzanares P, Martínez R, Garrigues S, Genovés S, Ramón D, Marcos JF, Martorell P. Tryptophan-Containing Dual Neuroprotective Peptides: Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibition and Caenorhabditis elegans Protection from β-Amyloid Peptide Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1491. [PMID: 29772745 PMCID: PMC5983740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective peptides represent an attractive pharmacological strategy for the prevention or treatment of age-related diseases, for which there are currently few effective therapies. Lactoferrin (LF)-derived peptides (PKHs) and a set of six rationally-designed tryptophan (W)-containing heptapeptides (PACEIs) were characterized as prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitors, and their effect on β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) toxicity in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) was evaluated. Two LF-derived sequences, PKH8 and PKH11, sharing a W at the C-terminal end, and the six PACEI heptapeptides (PACEI48L to PACEI53L) exhibited significant in vitro PEP inhibition. The inhibitory peptides PKH11 and PACEI50L also alleviated Aβ-induced paralysis in the in vivo C. elegans model of AD. Partial or total loss of the inhibitory effect on PEP was achieved by the substitution of W residues in PKH11 and PACEI50L and correlated with the loss of protection against Aβ toxicity, pointing out the relevance of W on the neuroprotective activity. Further experiments suggest that C. elegans protection might not be mediated by an antioxidant mechanism but rather by inhibition of Aβ oligomerization and thus, amyloid deposition. In conclusion, novel natural and rationally-designed W-containing peptides are suitable starting leads to design effective neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Manzanares
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Martínez
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L.-Archer Daniels Midland, Parc Científic Universitat de València Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sandra Garrigues
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Salvador Genovés
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L.-Archer Daniels Midland, Parc Científic Universitat de València Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Daniel Ramón
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L.-Archer Daniels Midland, Parc Científic Universitat de València Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose F Marcos
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Patricia Martorell
- Department of Food Biotechnology; Biópolis S.L.-Archer Daniels Midland, Parc Científic Universitat de València Edif. 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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Di Trani JM, De Cesco S, O'Leary R, Plescia J, do Nascimento CJ, Moitessier N, Mittermaier AK. Rapid measurement of inhibitor binding kinetics by isothermal titration calorimetry. Nat Commun 2018; 9:893. [PMID: 29497037 PMCID: PMC5832847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although drug development typically focuses on binding thermodynamics, recent studies suggest that kinetic properties can strongly impact a drug candidate’s efficacy. Robust techniques for measuring inhibitor association and dissociation rates are therefore essential. To address this need, we have developed a pair of complementary isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) techniques for measuring the kinetics of enzyme inhibition. The advantages of ITC over standard techniques include speed, generality, and versatility; ITC also measures the rate of catalysis directly, making it ideal for quantifying rapid, inhibitor-dependent changes in enzyme activity. We used our methods to study the reversible covalent and non-covalent inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). We extracted kinetics spanning three orders of magnitude, including those too rapid for standard methods, and measured sub-nM binding affinities below the typical ITC limit. These results shed light on the inhibition of POP and demonstrate the general utility of ITC-based enzyme inhibition kinetic measurements. There is growing evidence that the kinetics of interactions between inhibitors and their targets can strongly impact therapeutic efficacy. Here the authors describe an isothermal titration calorimetry-based method that can rapidly quantify inhibition kinetics and measure sub-nM binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Di Trani
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Stephane De Cesco
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Rebecca O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jessica Plescia
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Claudia Jorge do Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada.,Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Urca, 22290-240, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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Synthesis of polyozellin, a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, and its structural revision. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:930-933. [PMID: 29429833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyozellin is a p-terphenyl compound which was isolated from Polyozellus multiplex, and exhibits an inhibitory activity against prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Its structure was assigned as 1 having a p-terphenyl skeleton including a p-substituted dibenzofuran moiety by spectroscopic analyses and chemical means. This paper describes the total syntheses of the proposed structure 1 for polyozellin and its o-isomer 2, revising the structure of polyozellin to the latter. These syntheses involved a double Suzuki-Miyaura coupling using chlorophenylboronic acid as a common key building block, and Cu mediated Ullmann cyclization as key steps. The inhibitory activities of synthetic compounds against POP and cancer cells were also evaluated.
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Bleakley S, Hayes M, O' Shea N, Gallagher E, Lafarga T. Predicted Release and Analysis of Novel ACE-I, Renin, and DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Common Oat (Avena sativa) Protein Hydrolysates Using in Silico Analysis. Foods 2017; 6:E108. [PMID: 29207547 PMCID: PMC5742776 DOI: 10.3390/foods6120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in regulating hypertension by controlling vasoconstriction and intravascular fluid volume. RAAS itself is largely regulated by the actions of renin (EC 3.4.23.15) and the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1). The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV; EC 3.4.14.5) also plays a role in the development of type-2 diabetes. The inhibition of the renin, ACE-I, and DPP-IV enzymes has therefore become a key therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the bioactivity of different oat (Avena sativa) protein isolates and their ability to inhibit the renin, ACE-I, and DPP-IV enzymes. In silico analysis was carried out to predictthe likelihood of bioactive inhibitory peptides occurring from oat protein hydrolysates following in silico hydrolysis with the proteases papain and ficin. Nine peptides, including FFG, IFFFL, PFL, WWK, WCY, FPIL, CPA, FLLA, and FEPL were subsequently chemically synthesised, and their bioactivities were confirmed using in vitro bioassays. The isolated oat proteins derived from seven different oat varieties were found to inhibit the ACE-I enzyme by between 86.5 ± 10.7% and 96.5 ± 25.8%, renin by between 40.5 ± 21.5% and 70.9 ± 7.6%, and DPP-IV by between 3.7 ± 3.9% and 46.2 ± 28.8%. The activity of the synthesised peptides was also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bleakley
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health and Environment, Sustainability and Health Institute, DIT Kevin Street, D08 NF82 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Nora O' Shea
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland. Nora.O'
| | - Eimear Gallagher
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Tomas Lafarga
- Parc Científic I Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, Edifici Fruit Centre, Institut de Recerca, Tecnològia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), 25003 Lleida, Spain.
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Viveros-Ceballos JL, Martínez-Toto EI, Eustaquio-Armenta C, Cativiela C, Ordóñez M. First and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of Octahydroindole-2-phosphonic Acid (OicP). European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Viveros-Ceballos
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Erick Iván Martínez-Toto
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - César Eustaquio-Armenta
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
| | - Carlos Cativiela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, ISQCH; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas - IICBA; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos; Av. Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
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31
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Kumar R, Bavi R, Jo MG, Arulalapperumal V, Baek A, Rampogu S, Kim MO, Lee KW. New compounds identified through in silico approaches reduce the α-synuclein expression by inhibiting prolyl oligopeptidase in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10827. [PMID: 28883518 PMCID: PMC5589771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a serine protease that is responsible for the maturation and degradation of short neuropeptides and peptide hormones. The inhibition of POP has been demonstrated in the treatment of α-synucleinopathies and several neurological conditions. Therefore, ligand-based and structure-based pharmacophore models were generated and validated in order to identify potent POP inhibitors. Pharmacophore-based and docking-based virtual screening of a drug-like database resulted in 20 compounds. The in vitro POP assays indicated that the top scoring compounds obtained from virtual screening, Hit 1 and Hit 2 inhibit POP activity at a wide range of concentrations from 0.1 to 10 µM. Moreover, treatment of the hit compounds significantly reduced the α-synuclein expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, that is implicated in Parkinson’s disease. Binding modes of Hit 1 and Hit 2 compounds were explored through molecular dynamics simulations. A detailed investigation of the binding interactions revealed that the hit compounds exhibited hydrogen bond interactions with important active site residues and greater electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions compared to those of the reference inhibitors. Finally, our findings indicated the potential of the identified compounds for the treatment of synucleinopathies and CNS related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit Bavi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gi Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Venkatesh Arulalapperumal
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Ayoung Baek
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Shailima Rampogu
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ok Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Woo Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Systems and Synthetic Agrobiotech Center (SSAC), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU), 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Juillerat-Jeanneret L, Tafelmeyer P, Golshayan D. Fibroblast activation protein-α in fibrogenic disorders and cancer: more than a prolyl-specific peptidase? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:977-991. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1370455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- CHUV and UNIL, University Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Tafelmeyer
- Hybrigenics Services, Laboratories and Headquarters, Paris, France
- Hybrigenics Corporation, Cambridge Innovation Center, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dela Golshayan
- Transplantation Center and Transplantation Immunopathology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Siatka T, Adamcová M, Opletal L, Cahlíková L, Jun D, Hrabinová M, Kuneš J, Chlebek J. Cholinesterase and Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitory Activities of Alkaloids from Argemone platyceras (Papaveraceae). Molecules 2017; 22:E1181. [PMID: 28708094 PMCID: PMC6152004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is an age-related, neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment and restrictions in activities of daily living. This disease is the most common form of dementia with complex multifactorial pathological mechanisms. Many therapeutic approaches have been proposed. Among them, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and prolyl oligopeptidase can be beneficial targets in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Roots, along with aerial parts of Argemone platyceras, were extracted with ethanol and fractionated on an alumina column using light petrol, chloroform and ethanol. Subsequently, repeated preparative thin-layer chromatography led to the isolation of (+)-laudanosine, protopine, (-)-argemonine, allocryptopine, (-)-platycerine, (-)-munitagine, and (-)-norargemonine belonging to pavine, protopine and benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline structural types. Chemical structures of the isolated alkaloids were elucidated by optical rotation, spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis (NMR, MS), and comparison with literature data. (+)-Laudanosine was isolated from A. platyceras for the first time. Isolated compounds were tested for human blood acetylcholinesterase, human plasma butyrylcholinesterase and recombinant prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitory activity. The alkaloids inhibited the enzymes in a dose-dependent manner. The most active compound (-)-munitagine, a pavine alkaloid, inhibited both acetylcholinesterase and prolyl oligopeptidase with IC50 values of 62.3 ± 5.8 µM and 277.0 ± 31.3 µM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Siatka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Markéta Adamcová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, ADINACO Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lubomír Opletal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, ADINACO Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, ADINACO Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Jun
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Hrabinová
- Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Třebešská 1575, 500 01 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Kuneš
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, ADINACO Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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34
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Prolyl oligopeptidase and its role in the organism: attention to the most promising and clinically relevant inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP), also called prolyl endopeptidase, is a cytosolic enzyme investigated by several research groups. It has been proposed to play an important role in physiological processes such as modulation of the levels of several neuronal peptides and hormones containing a proline residue. Due to its proteolytic activity and physiological role in cell signaling pathways, inhibition of POP offers an emerging approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases as well as other diseases related to cognitive impairment. Furthermore, it may also represent an interesting target for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, and as an antiangiogenesis or antineoplastic agent. In this review paper, we summarized naturally occurring POP inhibitors together with peptide-like inhibitors and their biological effects. Some of them have shown promising results and interesting pharmacological profiles. However, to date, there is no POP inhibitor available on the market although several clinical trials have been undertaken.
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35
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A Fluorometric Method of Measuring Carboxypeptidase Activities for Angiotensin II and Apelin-13. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45473. [PMID: 28378780 PMCID: PMC5381230 DOI: 10.1038/srep45473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the biologically potent octapeptide angiotensin Ang II-(1-8) is mediated by the activities of several peptidases. The conversion of Ang II to the septapeptide Ang-(1-7) is of particular interest as the latter also confers organ protection. The conversion is catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and other enzymes that selectively cleave the peptide bond between the proline and the phenylalanine at the carboxyl terminus of Ang II. The contribution of various enzyme activities that collectively lead to the formation of Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, in both normal conditions and in disease states, remains only partially understood. This is largely due to the lack of a reliable and sensitive method to detect these converting activities in complex samples, such as blood and tissues. Here, we report a fluorometric method to measure carboxypeptidase activities that cleave the proline-phenylalanine dipeptide bond in Ang II. This method is also suitable for measuring the conversion of apelin-13. The assay detects the release of phenylalanine amino acid in a reaction with the yeast enzyme of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). When used in cell and mouse organs, the assay can robustly measure endogenous Ang II and apelin-13-converting activities involved in the renin-angiotensin and the apelinergic systems, respectively.
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36
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Marques SM, Daniel L, Buryska T, Prokop Z, Brezovsky J, Damborsky J. Enzyme Tunnels and Gates As Relevant Targets in Drug Design. Med Res Rev 2016; 37:1095-1139. [PMID: 27957758 DOI: 10.1002/med.21430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many enzymes contain tunnels and gates that are essential to their function. Gates reversibly switch between open and closed conformations and thereby control the traffic of small molecules-substrates, products, ions, and solvent molecules-into and out of the enzyme's structure via molecular tunnels. Many transient tunnels and gates undoubtedly remain to be identified, and their functional roles and utility as potential drug targets have received comparatively little attention. Here, we describe a set of general concepts relating to the structural properties, function, and classification of these interesting structural features. In addition, we highlight the potential of enzyme tunnels and gates as targets for the binding of small molecules. The different types of binding that are possible and the potential pharmacological benefits of such targeting are discussed. Twelve examples of ligands bound to the tunnels and/or gates of clinically relevant enzymes are used to illustrate the different binding modes and to explain some new strategies for drug design. Such strategies could potentially help to overcome some of the problems facing medicinal chemists and lead to the discovery of more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M Marques
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Daniel
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buryska
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brezovsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Biology and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Centre for Clinical Research, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
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37
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Composition and properties of peptides that survive standardised in vitro gastro-pancreatic digestion of bovine milk. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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38
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Patil P, Skariyachan S, Mutt E, Kaushik S. Computational Analysis of the Domain Architecture and Substrate-Gating Mechanism of Prolyl Oligopeptidases from Shewanella woodyi and Identification of Probable Lead Molecules. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 8:284-293. [PMID: 26298583 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-015-0282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidases (POPs) are serine proteases found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes which hydrolyze the peptide bond containing proline. The current study focuses on the analysis of POP sequences, their distribution and domain architecture in Shewanella woodyi, a Gram-negative, luminous bacterium which causes celiac sprue and similar infections in marine organisms. The POP undergoes huge interdomain movement, which allows possible route for the entry of any substrate. Hence, it offers an opportunity to understand the mechanism of substrate gating by studying the domain architecture and possibility to identify a probable drug target. In the present study, the POP sequence was retrieved from GenBank database and the best homologous templates were identified by PSI-BLAST search. The three-dimensional structures of the closed and open forms of POP from S. woodyi, which are not available in native form, were generated by homology modeling. The ideal lead molecules were screened by computer-aided virtual screening, and the binding potential of the best leads toward the target was studied by molecular docking. The domain architecture of the POP revealed that it has a propeller domain consists of [Formula: see text]-sheets, surrounded by [Formula: see text]-helices and [Formula: see text] hydrolase domain with catalytic triad containing Ser-564, Asp-646 and His-681. The hypothetical models of open and closed POP showed backbone RMSD value of 0.56 and 0.65 Å, respectively. Ramachandran plot of the open and closed POP conformations accounts for 99.4 and 98.7 % residues in the favoured region, respectively. Our study revealed that propeller domain comes as an insert between N-terminal and C-terminal [Formula: see text] hydrolase domain. Molecular docking, drug likeness properties and ADME prediction suggested that KUC-103481N and Pramiracetum can be used as probable lead molecules toward the POP from S. woodyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patil
- R&D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560 078, India
| | - Sinosh Skariyachan
- R&D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560 078, India.
- Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
| | - Eshita Mutt
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Swati Kaushik
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer, University of California, San Francisco, 1450 3rd St., San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Ketnawa S, Martínez-Alvarez O, Gómez-Estaca J, del Carmen Gómez-Guillén M, Benjakul S, Rawdkuen S. Obtaining of functional components from cooked shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) by enzymatic hydrolysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Mariaule G, De Cesco S, Airaghi F, Kurian J, Schiavini P, Rocheleau S, Huskić I, Auclair K, Mittermaier A, Moitessier N. 3-Oxo-hexahydro-1H-isoindole-4-carboxylic Acid as a Drug Chiral Bicyclic Scaffold: Structure-Based Design and Preparation of Conformationally Constrained Covalent and Noncovalent Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 59:4221-34. [PMID: 26619267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Mariaule
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Stéphane De Cesco
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Francesco Airaghi
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jerry Kurian
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Paolo Schiavini
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Sylvain Rocheleau
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Igor Huskić
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Anthony Mittermaier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
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41
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Hayes M, Tiwari BK. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Peptides in Foods: An Overview of Sources, Downstream Processing Steps and Associated Bioactivities. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22485-508. [PMID: 26393573 PMCID: PMC4613320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides and carbohydrates are sourced from a myriad of plant, animal and insects and have huge potential for use as food ingredients and pharmaceuticals. However, downstream processing bottlenecks hinder the potential use of these natural bioactive compounds and add cost to production processes. This review discusses the health benefits and bioactivities associated with peptides and carbohydrates of natural origin and downstream processing methodologies and novel processes which may be used to overcome these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hayes
- The Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- The Food BioSciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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42
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Kotev M, Lecina D, Tarragó T, Giralt E, Guallar V. Unveiling prolyl oligopeptidase ligand migration by comprehensive computational techniques. Biophys J 2015; 108:116-25. [PMID: 25564858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a large 80 kDa protease, which cleaves oligopeptides at the C-terminal side of proline residues and constitutes an important pharmaceutical target. Despite the existence of several crystallographic structures, there is an open debate about migration (entrance and exit) pathways for ligands, and their coupling with protein dynamics. Recent studies have shown the capabilities of molecular dynamics and classical force fields in describing spontaneous binding events and nonbiased ligand migration pathways. Due to POP's size and to the buried nature of its active site, an exhaustive sampling by means of conventional long enough molecular dynamics trajectories is still a nearly impossible task. Such a level of sampling, however, is possible with the breakthrough protein energy landscape exploration technique. Here, we present an exhaustive sampling of POP with a known inhibitor, Z-pro-prolinal. In >3000 trajectories Z-pro-prolinal explores all the accessible surface area, showing multiple entrance events into the large internal cavity through the pore in the β-propeller domain. Moreover, we modeled a natural substrate binding and product release by predicting the entrance of an undecapeptide substrate, followed by manual active site cleavage and nonbiased exit of one of the products (a dipeptide). The product exit shows preference from a flexible 18-amino acid residues loop, pointing to an overall mechanism where entrance and exit occur in different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kotev
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Lecina
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Tarragó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Guallar
- Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Fajtová P, Štefanić S, Hradilek M, Dvořák J, Vondrášek J, Jílková A, Ulrychová L, McKerrow JH, Caffrey CR, Mareš M, Horn M. Prolyl Oligopeptidase from the Blood Fluke Schistosoma mansoni: From Functional Analysis to Anti-schistosomal Inhibitors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003827. [PMID: 26039195 PMCID: PMC4454677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma cause schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease that infects over 240 million people worldwide, and for which there is a need to identify new targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. Our research is focused on Schistosoma mansoni prolyl oligopeptidase (SmPOP) from the serine peptidase family S9, which has not been investigated in detail in trematodes. Methodology/Principal Findings We demonstrate that SmPOP is expressed in adult worms and schistosomula in an enzymatically active form. By immunofluorescence microscopy, SmPOP is localized in the tegument and parenchyma of both developmental stages. Recombinant SmPOP was produced in Escherichia coli and its active site specificity investigated using synthetic substrate and inhibitor libraries, and by homology modeling. SmPOP is a true oligopeptidase that hydrolyzes peptide (but not protein) substrates with a strict specificity for Pro at P1. The inhibition profile is analogous to those for mammalian POPs. Both the recombinant enzyme and live worms cleave host vasoregulatory, proline-containing hormones such as angiotensin I and bradykinin. Finally, we designed nanomolar inhibitors of SmPOP that induce deleterious phenotypes in cultured schistosomes. Conclusions/Significance We provide the first localization and functional analysis of SmPOP together with chemical tools for measuring its activity. We briefly discuss the notion that SmPOP, operating at the host-parasite interface to cleave host bioactive peptides, may contribute to the survival of the parasite. If substantiated, SmPOP could be a new target for the development of anti-schistosomal drugs. Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) is a major global health problem caused by the schistosome flatworm which lives in the bloodstream. Treatment and control of the disease relies on a single drug, and should resistance emerge, there would be increased pressure to discover new drug targets. Proteolytic enzymes are fundamental to the survival of parasites, and, hence, are attractive targets for drug intervention. Oligopeptidases from the S9 family are known virulence factors for protozoan trypanosomatids but have yet to be studied in parasitic flukes. We, therefore, investigated prolyl oligopeptidase in Schistosoma mansoni (SmPOP) and found that it is expressed in those developmental stages that infect humans. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the peptidase’s expression, localization and functional biochemical properties. Interestingly, SmPOP, which is found in the tegument and parenchyma of the parasite, can cleave blood peptides involved in vasoregulation and we discuss how this ability may aid the parasite’s survival. Finally, we designed potent inhibitors of SmPOP that cause deleterious changes in cultured parasites. We conclude that SmPOP is important for parasite survival and may be a potential target for the development of anti-schistosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Fajtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Saša Štefanić
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hradilek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dvořák
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vondrášek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Jílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ulrychová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Innovation and Discovery in Parasitic Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Mareš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Horn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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44
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Schiavini P, Pottel J, Moitessier N, Auclair K. Metabolic Instability of Cyanothiazolidine-Based Prolyl Oligopeptidase Inhibitors: a Structural Assignment Challenge and Potential Medicinal Chemistry Implications. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:1174-83. [PMID: 26018317 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As part of the development of cyanothiazolidine-based prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitors, initial metabolism studies suggested multiple sites of oxidation by P450 enzymes. Surprisingly, in-depth investigations revealed that epimerization at multiple stereogenic centers was responsible for the conversion of the single primary metabolite into a panel of secondary metabolites. The rapid isomerization of all seven detected molecules precluded the use of NMR spectroscopy or X-ray crystallography for complete structural determination, presenting an interesting structure elucidation challenge. Through a combination of LC-MS analysis, synthetic work, deuterium exchange studies, and computational predictions, we were able to characterize all metabolites and to elucidate their dynamic behavior in solution. In the context of drug development, this study reveals that cyanothiazolidine moieties are problematic due to their rapid P450-mediated oxidation and the unpredictable stability of the corresponding metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Schiavini
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8 (Canada)
| | - Joshua Pottel
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8 (Canada)
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8 (Canada).
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, QC, H3A 0B8 (Canada).
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45
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Hellinger R, Koehbach J, Puigpinós A, Clark RJ, Tarragó T, Giralt E, Gruber CW. Inhibition of Human Prolyl Oligopeptidase Activity by the Cyclotide Psysol 2 Isolated from Psychotria solitudinum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1073-82. [PMID: 25894999 PMCID: PMC4444998 DOI: 10.1021/np501061t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cyclotides are head-to-tail cyclized peptides comprising a stabilizing cystine-knot motif. To date, they are well known for their diverse bioactivities such as anti-HIV and immunosuppressive properties. Yet little is known about specific molecular mechanisms, in particular the interaction of cyclotides with cellular protein targets. Native and synthetic cyclotide-like peptides from Momordica plants are potent and selective inhibitors of different serine-type proteinases such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, matriptase, and tryptase-beta. This study describes the bioactivity-guided isolation of a cyclotide from Psychotria solitudinum as an inhibitor of another serine-type protease, namely, the human prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Analysis of the inhibitory potency of Psychotria extracts and subsequent fractionation by liquid chromatography yielded the isolated peptide psysol 2 (1), which exhibited an IC50 of 25 μM. In addition the prototypical cyclotide kalata B1 inhibited POP activity with an IC50 of 5.6 μM. The inhibitory activity appeared to be selective for POP, since neither psysol 2 nor kalata B1 were able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of trypsin or chymotrypsin. The enzyme POP is well known for its role in memory and learning processes, and it is currently being considered as a promising therapeutic target for the cognitive deficits associated with several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. In the context of discovery and development of POP inhibitors with beneficial ADME properties, cyclotides may be suitable starting points considering their stability in biological fluids and possible oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Hellinger
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Koehbach
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Albert Puigpinós
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Richard J. Clark
- School
of Biomedical Sciences, The University of
Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Teresa Tarragó
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernest Giralt
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona
(UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian W. Gruber
- Center
for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical
University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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46
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Lafarga T, O’Connor P, Hayes M. In silico methods to identify meat-derived prolyl endopeptidase inhibitors. Food Chem 2015; 175:337-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Patil P, Skariyachan S, Mutt E, Kaushik S. Computational analysis of the domain architecture and substrate-gating mechanism of prolyl oligopeptidases from Shewanella woodyi and identification probable lead molecules. Interdiscip Sci 2015. [PMID: 25663117 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-014-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidases (POP) are serine proteases found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes which hydrolyze the peptide bond containing proline. The current study focuses on the analysis of POP sequences, their distribution and domain architecture in Shewanella woodyi, a Gram negative, luminous bacterium which causes celiac sprue and similar infections in marine organisms. The POP undergoes huge inter-domain movement, which allows possible route for the entry of any substrate. Hence, it offers an opportunity to understand the mechanism of substrate gating by studying the domain architecture and possibility to identify a probable drug target. In the present study, the POP sequence was retrieved from GenBank data base and the best homologous templates were identified by PSI-BLAST search. The three dimensional structures of the closed and open forms of POP from Shewanella woodyi, which are not available in native form, was generated by homology modeling. The ideal lead molecules were screened by computer aided virtual screening and the binding potential of the best leads towards the target was studied by molecular docking. The domain architecture of the POP revealed that, it has a propeller domain consist of β-sheets, surrounded by α-helices and α/β hydrolase domain with catalytic triad containing Ser-564, Asp-646 and His-681. The hypothetical models of open and closed POP showed backbone RMSD value of 0.56 Å and 0.65 Å respectively. Ramachandran plot of the open and closed POP conformations accounts for 99.4% and 98.7% residues in the favoured region respectively. Our study revealed that, propeller domain comes as an insert between N-terminal and C-terminal α/β hydrolase domain. Molecular docking, drug likeliness properties and ADME prediction suggested that KUC-103481N and Pramiracetum can be used as probable lead molecules towards the POP from Shewanella woodyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patil
- R & D Centre, Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, 560 078, Visvesvaraya, India
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48
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Takahashi S, Yoshida A, Uesugi S, Hongo Y, Kimura KI, Matsuoka K, Koshino H. Structural revision of kynapcin-12 by total synthesis, and inhibitory activities against prolyl oligopeptidase and cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3373-6. [PMID: 24948566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynapcin-12 is a prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) inhibitor isolated from Polyozellus multiplex, and its structure was assigned as 1 having a p-hydroquinone moiety by spectroscopic analyses and chemical means. This Letter describes the total syntheses of the proposed structure 1 for kynapcin-12 and 2',3'-diacetoxy-1,5',6',4″-tetrahydroxy-p-terphenyl 2 isolated from Boletopsis grisea, revising the structure of kynapcin-12 to the latter. These syntheses involved double Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, CAN oxidation, and LTA oxidation as key steps. The inhibitory activities of synthetic compounds against POP and cancer cells were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayaka Yoshida
- RIKEN, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shota Uesugi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | | | - Ken-ichi Kimura
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Koji Matsuoka
- Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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49
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Chameleonic reactivity of α-amino nitrile-derived ureas. Synthesis of highly functionalized imidazolidin-2-one and imidazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Kaushik S, Etchebest C, Sowdhamini R. Decoding the structural events in substrate-gating mechanism of eukaryotic prolyl oligopeptidase using normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics simulations. Proteins 2014; 82:1428-43. [PMID: 24500901 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is a serine protease, unique for its ability to cleave various small oligopeptides shorter than 30 amino acids. POP is an important drug target since it is implicated in various neurological disorders. Although there is structural evidence that bacterial POPs undergo huge interdomain movements and acquire an "open" state in the substrate-unbound form, hitherto, no crystal structure is available in the substrate-unbound domain-open form of eukaryotic POPs. Indeed, there is no difference between the substrate-unbound/bound states of eukaryotic POPs. This raises unanswered questions about whether difference in the substrate access pathway exists between bacterial and eukaryotic POPs. Here, we have used normal mode analysis and molecular dynamics to unravel the mechanism of substrate entry in mammalian POPs, which has been debated until now. Motions observed using normal modes of porcine and bacterial POPs were analyzed and compared, augmented by molecular dynamics of these proteins. Identical to bacterial POPs, interdomain opening was found to be the possible pathway for the substrate-gating in mammals as well. On the basis of our analyses and evidences, a mechanistic model of substrate entry in POPs has been proposed. Up-down movement of N-terminal hydrolase domain resulted in twisting motion of two domains, followed by the conformational changes of interdomain loop regions, which facilitate interdomain opening. Similar to bacterial POPs, an open form of porcine POP is also proposed with domain-closing motion. This work has direct implications for the development of novel inhibitors of mammalian POPs to understand the etiology of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Kaushik
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560065, India
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